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北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题Word版含解析docx、北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共32页， 欢迎下载使用。
2024. 01
本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
笔试(共三部分100分)
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
All my friends had made the ftball cheerleading team except me. My name was ___1___ frm the list. I still sat with them at lunch, still laughed at their jkes, ___2___ I felt as if I didn’t belng. I fught back tears, wanting t be strng.
Knwing that next year wuld bring a new rund f try-uts, I started practicing and was determined t see my name n the list. Hwever, my dad suggested that I get invlved in a schl-sprt-___3___ as anyne culd sign up with n try-uts. I had n idea what I was getting myself int. I nly ___4___ I might participate in it until I made the cheerleading team again.
On the track team, running pushed me t wrk harder than I ever knew I culd. Race after race, I cntinued t feel my lungs burning frm the ___5___. I guessed that I wanted t ___6___ myself t see if I culd imprve my running time.
The next year when spring came arund, I was thrilled t make the ftball cheerleading team, when, incredibly, I received a letter frm a new crss-cuntry cach, ___7___ me t jin his running team. I didn’t have a reasn fr chsing running ver cheerleading, ___8___ the fact that I fllwed my heart.
When I called the cach and tld him I wuld give it a try, I never realized that ne simple ___9___ wuld change the directin f my life. Within ne year, I became ne f the fastest female crss-cuntry runners.
We can be wh we were brn t be r we can just fllw the crwd. And when I chse t be a runner, I chse t be _____10_____ t myself.
1. A. cmingB. missingC. turningD. changing
2. A. butB. sC. rD. fr
3. A. thrwingB. cheerleadingC. ftballD. running
4. A. recrdedB. heardC. figuredD. cncluded
5. A. effrtB. diseasesC. needsD. interest
6. A. acceptB. challengeC. expressD. treat
7. A. sendingB. askingC. teachingD. reminding
8. A. in case fB. in spite fC. rather thanD. ther than
9. A. decisinB. cmplaintC. evaluatinD. expectatin
10. A. friendlyB. tlerantC. trueD. respectful
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在足球队落选后，选择参加无需选拔的跑步队，在挑战自我的过程中不断努力，最终成为了一名优秀的越野赛跑选手的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：名单上没有我的名字。A. cming来；B. missing错过，思念；C. turning转身；D. changing改变。根据“I still sat with them at lunch, still laughed at their jkes, ___2___ I felt as if I didn’t belng.”可知，作者的名字没有出现在足球啦啦队名单上。这里missing为形容词，在句中作表语，表示“缺席的；不在的”。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：我仍然和他们一起吃午饭，仍然为他们讲的笑话发笑，但我觉得自己好像不属于这里。A. but但是；B. s因此；C. r或者；D. fr因为。根据“I still sat with them at lunch, still laughed at their jkes,”和“I felt as if I didn’t belng.”可知，两句之间为转折关系。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我父亲建议我参加一项学校运动——跑步，因为任何人都可以报名参加，不需要经过选拔。A. thrwing投掷；B. cheerleading啦啦队；C. ftball足球；D. running跑步。根据下文“On the track team, running pushed me t wrk harder than I ever knew I culd.”可知，作者参加了跑步队。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是想我可能会参加直到我再次成为啦啦队员。A. recrded记录；B. heard听说；C. figured认为，想；D. cncluded推断。根据“I might participate in it until I made the cheerleading team again.”可知，此处表示作者当时的想法。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一场又一场的比赛，我仍然感到我的肺在努力燃烧。A. effrts努力；B. diseases疾病；C. needs需要；D. interest兴趣。根据“On the track team, running pushed me t wrk harder than I ever knew I culd.”可知，作者在跑步队很努力。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我猜我想挑战一下自己，看看我是否能提高我的跑步时间。A. accept接受；B. challenge挑战；C. express表达；D. treat对待。根据“t see if I culd imprve my running time.”可知，作者想挑战自己。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二年春天来临的时候，我兴奋地加入了足球啦啦队，但令人难以置信的是，我收到了一位新的越野教练的来信，邀请我加入他的跑步队。A. sending发送；B. asking邀请；C. teaching教；D. reminding提醒。根据“I received a letter frm a new crss-cuntry cach,”可知，新的越野教练邀请作者加入跑步队。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：我没有理由选择跑步而不是啦啦队，除了我跟随自己的心。A. in case f万一；B. in spite f尽管；C. rather than而不是；D. ther than除了。根据“I didn’t have a reasn fr chsing running ver cheerleading,”可知，除了听从自己的内心，作者没有选择啦啦队，而是选择了跑步。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我打电话给教练，告诉他我要试一试时，我从未意识到一个简单的决定会改变我的生活方向。A. decisin决定；B. cmplaint抱怨；C. evaluatin评价；D. expectatin期待。根据“wuld change the directin f my life.”可知，一个简单的决定改变了作者的生活方向。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我选择成为一名跑步者时，我选择做真实的自己。A. friendly友好的；B. tlerant宽容的；C. true真实的；D. respectful有礼貌的。根据“We can be wh we were brn t be r we can just fllw the crwd.”可知，作者选择做一个真正的自己，而不是随波逐流。故选C。
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The turtle dve is the UK’s fastest-declining bird species, accrding t a recent study. The data, ____11____ (recrd) by almst 1, 000 vlunteers, farmers and cunty bird clubs, shws there are nw nearly 2, 100 pairs left, dwn frm sme 125, 000 pairs in 1970. Lss f habitats and shting in suthern Eurpe ____12____(think)t be driving the decline. There is hpe, hwever, as the gvernment ____13____ (wrk) with landwners t allw mre fd supplies in the habitats nw.
【答案】11. recrded
12. are thught
13. is wrking
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国衰退最快的鸟类物种斑鸠数量下降的原因，政府正在采取措施保护他们。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：由近1000名志愿者、农民和县鸟类俱乐部记录的数据显示，现在只剩下近2100对，低于1970年的12.5万对。分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语形式在句中作定语，且动词recrd与被修饰词The data构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填recrded。
【12题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：南欧栖息地的丧失和枪击事件被认为是造成这种下降的原因。句子陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时，空处动词与主语构成被动关系，句子应用被动语态，主语Lss f habitats and shting in suthern Eurpe“南欧栖息地的丧失和枪击事件”是两个方面，故be动词用are。故填are thught。
【13题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，还是有希望的，因为现在政府正在与土地所有者合作，允许更多的食物供应到栖息地。根据句中时间状语nw可知，句子应用现在进行时，主语the gvernment为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is wrking。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In May the COMA C919, China’s first dmestically designed passenger plane, ____14____ (successful) cmpleted its first flight, marking a milestne in China’s space histry. S far, China has slved ____15____ (difficulty) in mre than 100 key technlgies and applied fr mre than 10,000 patents. In the past, China mainly depended ____16____ the technlgies frm ther cuntries, but it is applying its wn tday, helping t prmte the high-quality ____17____ (develp) f the cuntry’s ecnmy.
【答案】14. successfully
15. difficulties
16. n 17. develpment
【解析】
【导语】本文一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国第一架国产客机中国商飞C919成功在5月完成首飞，标志着中国航天史上的一个里程碑。
14题详解】
考查副词。句意：5月，中国第一架国产客机中国商飞C919成功完成首飞，标志着中国航天史上的一个里程碑。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词cmpleted，应用副词successfully，在句中作状语。故填successfully。
【15题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：到目前为止，中国已经解决了100多项关键技术的困难，申请了1万多项专利。根据mre than 100 key technlgies可知，此处difficulty指具体困难，应用复数形式。故填difficulties。
【16题详解】
考查介词。句意：过去，中国主要依赖其他国家的技术，但今天正在应用自己的技术，有助于推动国家经济的高质量发展。depend n“依靠，依赖”为固定短语。故填n。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：过去，中国主要依赖其他国家的技术，但今天正在应用自己的技术，有助于推动国家经济的高质量发展。分析句子可知，空处在句中作宾语，应用名词develpment，不可数名词。故填develpment。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Anna Jnes is a jurnalist, ____18____ first bk, Divide-The Relatinship Crisis Between Twn and Cuntry, was lnglisted fr the 2022 James Crpper Wainwright Prize. ____19____ (grw) up n a farm and wrking in the city have given Anna a rare insight int rural life. Anna started the nn-prfit cmmunicatins prject “Just Farmers” in 2018. She als runs a media educatin prgram t help farmers find cnfidence t share ____20____ they have experienced with the wider wrld.
【答案】18. whse
19. Grwing
20. what
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了安娜·琼斯的第一本书《城乡关系危机的划分》入围2022年詹姆斯·克罗珀·温赖特奖。她从小在农村长大，使得她对农村生活有独特见解，并创立一些项目来帮助农民。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：安娜·琼斯是一名记者，她的第一本书《城乡关系危机的划分》入围2022年詹姆斯·克罗珀·温赖特奖。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且先行词Anna Jnes在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whse。故填whse。
【19题详解】
考查动名词。句意：在农场长大和在城市工作让安娜对农村生活有了难得的了解。分析句子可知，空处应用动名词形式在句中和wrking一起作并列主语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Grwing。
【20题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：她还开办了一个媒体教育项目，帮助农民找到信心，与更广泛的世界分享他们的经历。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指代事情，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
If yu wuld like t vlunteer abrad, yu’ve cme t the right place. Here are a variety f vlunteering pprtunities, including medical, sprts, and wildlife cnservatin in Africa, which can help gain hands-n internatinal wrk experience and learn things yu’ll never get ut f a textbk.
Medical and Healthcare Prjects
If yu’re a medical student hping t gain sme valuable experience, we have suitable placements fr yu. We have prjects, which can really use the skills f qualified vlunteers, such as dctrs, nurses, dentists and a whle range f prfessins. If yu are unskilled, but have an interest and wuld like t assist in this field then yu can als help in many prject areas.
Sprts Caching Prjects
Our sprts vlunteer prjects invlve children f different ages and abilities, r smetimes adults as well. Therefre, anyne with sprts caching skills will be put t very gd use, trying t bring n the African sprts stars f the future. Yu’ll be able t help rganize sprting activities, teach new sprts t the children, cach them in their sprts sessins and even play ftball against the lcal team-dn’t expect t win!
Wildlife and Cnservatin Prjects
Wildlife cnservatin vlunteering in Africa can be hard wrk at times as yu have t deal with the human-wildlife cnflicts and ensure lcal cmmunities benefit frm cnservatin. Hwever, there are sme majr psitives, generally based in sme f the mst amazing natural areas. They get yu behind the scenes f places that turists will ften pay large amunts f mney t visit n hliday. If yu have relevant cnservatin experience r qualificatins, r as part f yur studies, then please get in tuch.
21. In Wildlife and Cnservatin Prjects, yu will ______.
A. pay fr the hliday visits
B. rganize cmmunity activities
C. prvide medical services
D. handle the human-wildlife cnflicts
22. What benefits can yu get frm the three prjects?
A. Prfessinal trainings.
B. Qualificatin prmtin.
C. Wrk experience.
D. Histrical adventures.
23. The passage is intended t ______.
A. describe life in Africa
B. share traveling memries
C. intrduce vlunteering prjects
D. explain the imprtance f wrking abrad
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个非洲的志愿者服务项目。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Wildlife and Cnservatin Prjects部分“Wildlife cnservatin vlunteering in Africa can be hard wrk at times as yu have t deal with the human-wildlife cnflicts and ensure lcal cmmunities benefit frm cnservatin.(在非洲做野生动物保护志愿者有时是一项艰巨的工作，因为你必须处理人类与野生动物的冲突，并确保当地社区从保护中受益)”可知，在野生动物和保护项目中，您将处理人类与野生动物之间的冲突。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Here are a variety f vlunteering pprtunities, including medical, sprts, and wildlife cnservatin in Africa, which can help gain hands-n internatinal wrk experience and learn things yu’ll never get ut f a textbk.(这里有各种各样的志愿服务机会，包括非洲的医疗、体育和野生动物保护，这有助于获得实际的国际工作经验，并学到课本上永远不会学到的东西)”可知，你可以从这三个项目中获得工作经验。故选C项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Here are a variety f vlunteering pprtunities, including medical, sprts, and wildlife cnservatin in Africa, which can help gain hands-n internatinal wrk experience and learn things yu’ll never get ut f a textbk.(这里有各种各样的志愿服务机会，包括非洲的医疗、体育和野生动物保护，这有助于获得实际的国际工作经验，并学到课本上永远不会学到的东西)”可知，文章主要介绍了三个非洲的志愿者服务项目。故选C项。
B
Muth pen in wnder and hrrr, Laurent Pelletier stares at the bush cricket that has landed in frnt f him n the picnic table. “Can we eat it?” he asks his mum. “Can I take it as a travel cmpanin?”
In early 2022, Laurent’s parents decided t quit their jbs. They tk their fur children, Mia, Lé, Clin, and Laurent, travelled ver 52, 000 miles and visited 13 cuntries. Over the mnths, the wrld cnstantly unveiled (显露) itself. The kids played pat-a-cake with unifrmed schlchildren in Btswana, and while in Tanzania they tried African traditinal dances with lcals and stayed n a banana farm. In Thailand, they tuched an elephant, calling ut in surprise at hw rugh it felt. Rarely did they talk abut why they were abrad in the first place, with ne exceptin. While travelling alng a dusty Mnglian highway last summer, Laurent, wh had seemed unaware f what was t cme, asked, “What des it mean t be blind? Hw will I crss the street? Will I be able t drive a car?”
“It’s like when yu have yur eyes clsed,” his mther said. “It wn’t happen vernight, but slwly, ver years. ”Being blind, she cntinued, didn’t mean the end f the wrld. Rather, the wrld wuld be different. Nthing wuld prevent them frm ding mst things, including skiing, swimming r even becming scientists wh wrked n cures fr their disease. Laurent ndded, then went back t making up his wn games t pass the time.
The fur kids will becme blind, likely in adulthd. They have a disease called retinitis pigmentsa (RP), a grup f related eye disrders that cause prgressive eyesight lss. By far, it has n effective treatment, and it will gradually take away their eyesight. Hwever, their parents still want their kids t lead full lives, whether they’re blind r nt. The trip has reinfrced (增强) what they believe all these years-the kids will find their way.
Each day, their parents watch the kids change, physically and emtinally. Laurent grws taller and needs mre independence. Bth Lé and Clin becme mre cnfident and utging, unafraid t engage with strangers. “Tday, my eyesight is gd and I’m ging t make the mst f it, ”says Mia. “Tmrrw, we will rise t the challenge. ”
24. Accrding t the passage, what did the family experience n their trip?
A. They did the farm wrk.
B. They tk elephant rides.
C. They cmpleted z turs.
D. They enjyed the flk dance.
25. What made Laurent’s parents decide t quit their jbs?
A. Their kids’ health.
B. Their wrk challenges.
C. Their family dreams.
D. Their passin fr nature.
26. What did the trip mainly bring t the kids?
A. Strng bdies.
B Scial skills.
C. Psitive mindset.
D. Language ability.
27. What can we mainly cnclude frm this passage?
A. Travelling is t seek fr an interesting life.
B. Nthing is impssible t a determined heart.
C. One’s ptential cannt always be underrated.
D. Treasure what yu have and live life t the fullest.
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了劳伦特的父母带着他们的四个成年后会失明的孩子去环游世界，体现出一种要珍惜现在所拥有的并尽情享受生活的人生态度。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The kids played pat-a-cake with unifrmed schlchildren in Btswana, and while in Tanzania they tried African traditinal dances with lcals and stayed n a banana farm. (在博茨瓦纳，孩子们与穿制服的学童一起玩拍蛋糕游戏，在坦桑尼亚，他们与当地人一起尝试非洲传统舞蹈，并住在香蕉农场。)”可知，这家人很喜欢民间舞蹈。故选D项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In early 2022, Laurent’s parents decided t quit their jbs. They tk their fur children, Mia, Lé, Clin, and Laurent, travelled ver 52, 000 miles and visited 13 cuntries. (2022年初，劳伦特的父母决定辞职。他们带着他们的四个孩子，Mia、Lé、Clin和Laurent，旅行了52000英里，访问了13个国家。)”和文章最后一段“Each day, their parents watch the kids change, physically and emtinally. (每天，他们的父母都看着孩子们在身体和情感上发生变。化)”可知，劳伦特的父母决定辞职是为了带孩子们去看世界，是为了让孩子们身心健康。故选A项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Laurent grws taller and needs mre independence. Bth Lé and Clin becme mre cnfident and utging, unafraid t engage with strangers. “Tday, my eyesight is gd and I’m ging t make the mst f it, ”says Mia. “Tmrrw, we will rise t the challenge. ” (劳伦特长高了，需要更多的独立性。Lé和Clin都变得更加自信和外向，不怕与陌生人交往。米娅说：“今天，我的视力很好，我将充分利用它。明天，我们将迎接挑战。”)”可知，旅行让孩子们有非常积极的心态。故选C项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第四段“Hwever, their parents still want their kids t lead full lives, whether they’re blind r nt. (然而，他们的父母仍然希望他们的孩子过上充实的生活，无论他们是否失明。)”可知，文章主要讲述劳伦特的父母带着他们的四个成年后会失明的孩子环游世界，体现出一种要珍惜现在所拥有的并尽情享受生活的人生态度。故选D项。
C
T Much Infrmatin
Cmputer hackers, in rder t get mre secret infrmatin, cnstantly imprve at breaking int cyberdefenses (网络防御系统) t steal valuable dcuments. S sme researchers prpse using an artificial-intelligence algrithm (算法) t hpelessly cnfuse them, nce they break in, by hiding the real deal in a muntain f misleading dcuments and infrmatin.
The algrithm, called Wrd Embedding-based Fake Online Repsitry Generatin Engine (WE-FORGE), creates decys f patents under develpment. If hackers were after, say, the recipe fr a new drug, they wuld have t find the relevant needle in a sea f false dcuments. This culd mean checking each recipe in detail-and perhaps investing in a few dead-end nes. “The name f the game here is, ‘Make it harder, ” explains V. S Subrahmanian, its develper, Dartmuth Cllege Cyber Security researcher. “Pain thse stealing frm yu. ”
Subrahmanian says he tackled this prject after reading that cmpanies are unaware f new kinds f cyberattacks fr an average f 312 days after they begin. “Hackers have almst a year t decamp with all ur dcuments, patents and intellectual prperty, ”he says. “They have stlen almst everything. It’s nt just the crwn jewels-it’s the crwn jewels, and the jewels f the cleaning lady, and the watch f the secretary!”
The dcuments prduced by WE-FORGE culd als act as hidden traps t cnfuse hackers, says Rachel Tbac, CEO f ScialPrf Security. These dcuments might alert security when accessed. Cmpanies have typically used human-created false cpies fr this strategy. But nw the algrithm is able t d that fr us.
The system prduces cnvincing traps by searching thrugh a dcument fr key wrds. Fr each ne it finds, it calculates a list f related cncepts and replaces the riginal term with ne chsen at randm. The prcess can prduce dzens f dcuments that cntain n patent infrmatin but still lk credible. Subrahmanian and his team asked cmputer science and chemistry graduates t evaluate real and false patents frm their respective fields. And the humans fund the WE-FORGE-created dcuments highly believable.
WE-FORGE might eventually expand its bundary. Bth Subrahmanian and Tbac think this research will attract cmmercial interest. “I culd definitely see an rganizatin investing in this type f prduct ” Tbac says. “If this creates believable decys withut releasing sensitive details within thse traps, then I think yu’ve gt a huge with there. ”
28. What des the underlined wrd “decys” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Misleading dcuments.
B. Original terms.
C Cmputer perating systems.
D. Cyber securities.
29. In Paragraph 3, what Subrahmanian says indicates ______.
A. the greediness f hackers
B. the wealth f the cmpanies
C. the unreliability f the netwrk
D. the variety f intellectual prperty
30. What can we learn abut WE-FORGE?
A. It will sund alarm upn being perated.
B. It is prfitable fr the users by aviding their lss.
C. It has attracted investrs fr its applicatin in many fields.
D. It can cmpse irrelevant cncepts in the false dcuments.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种人工智能算法(WE-FORGE)，该算法能够产生黑客盗取文件的伪造文件，将真实文件隐藏在堆积如山的伪造文件中，从而迷惑黑客，避免用户的损失。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“If hackers were after, say, the recipe fr a new drug, they wuld have t find the relevant needle in a sea f false dcuments. (比如说，如果黑客在寻找一种新药的配方，他们将不得不在虚假文件中大海捞针)”可知，该算法(WE-FORGE)能够产生黑客盗取文件的伪造文件，将真实文件隐藏在堆积如山的伪造文件中，混淆视听，故划线词指的是那些误导黑客的文件。故选A项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Hackers have almst a year t decamp with all ur dcuments, patents and intellectual prperty, ”he says. “They have stlen almst everything. It’s nt just the crwn jewels-it’s the crwn jewels, and the jewels f the cleaning lady, and the watch f the secretary!”(他说：“黑客有将近一年的时间带着我们所有的文件、专利和知识产权潜逃。他们几乎偷走了所有东西。不仅是皇冠上的珠宝，还有皇冠上的宝石，还有清洁女工的珠宝，以及秘书的手表！”)”可知，Subrahmanian的话表明黑客无所不偷，非常贪婪。故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The dcuments prduced by WE-FORGE culd als act as hidden traps t cnfuse hackers, says Rachel Tbac, CEO f ScialPrf Security. These dcuments might alert security when accessed. Cmpanies have typically used human-created false cpies fr this strategy. But nw the algrithm is able t d that fr us.(ScialPrf Security首席执行官Rachel Tbac表示，WE-FORGE制作的文件也可能成为迷惑黑客的隐藏陷阱。访问这些文档时，可能会向安全部门发出警报。公司通常使用人为创建的虚假副本来实现这一策略。但现在算法能够为我们做到这一点)”可知，WE-FORGE制作的文件可以迷惑黑客，避免用户的损失，这对于用户来说是有益的。故选B项。
D
The scientists behind a new database f mre than 400 extreme weather attributin (归因) studies have perfrmed an essential service. This piece f wrk, drawing tgether every study f this type, ught t create a greater sense f urgency arund plicymaking and campaigning. It shws that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and flds have all been made far mre likely by greenhuse gas emissins. And it spells ut the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent f glbal heating’s cnsequences.
Until the early 2000s, when the first attributin studies were published, it was harder t link CO2 in the atmsphere with glbal heating’s sensible effects. Thanks t a grwing bdy f research, nw we knw. The last summer’s recrd-breaking “heat dme”(热穹顶) acrss the glbe wuld have been almst impssible withut human-caused climate change.
“Beauty is truth, truth beauty,” wrte the pet Jhn Keats just ver 200 years ag. When it cmes t climate, truth can feel clser t terrr these days. But scientists are right t insist that the reality must be faced. Indeed, this is the nly way t avid the mst disastrus utcmes. In a new bk, Hthuse Earth, Prf Bill McGuire argues that we have reached a stage when minimising dangers shuld be regarded as “climate appeasement”.
Like the histrical respnsibility fr carbn emissins, attitudes and experiences in the present crisis are unevenly and unjustly shared ut. Billins f peple arund the wrld, and abve all in the glbal suth, are caught up day-t-day in a struggle fr survival. This desn’t mean they dn’t recgnise glbal heating; subsistence (勉强维持生活) farmers and fishers are mre directly expsed t envirnmental damage than anyne else. But western gvernments, businesses and peple wh are relatively sheltered frm glbal heating’s wrst effects shuld recgnise this as the privilege that it is. With this year’s Climate Change Cnference fast appraching, western gvernments must fllw thrugh n their prmises f climate finance t enable a green transitin in the develping wrld.
The purpse f attributin science is nt simply t warn the wrld abut what is happening, but t aid preparatins fr what has nt happened yet. The mst alarming glbal trend, apart frm still-rising emissins that mean we are n curse fr 2. 5°C f heating, is the unexpected speed with which it is already causing chas. Given what we nw knw abut the impact f 1°C f warming, it is n exaggeratin t say that this trend is disastrus.
But alternatives exist, and insisting n this pint has never been mre imprtant. The alarming findings f attributin scientists can give rise t desperatin-but must nt be allwed t end determinatin and hpe.
31. The attributin studies imply that ____.
A. plicies addressing climate issues are ineffective
B. it is hard t link CO2 with the effects f glbal heating
C. the extent f glbal heating’s cnsequences is unpredictable
D. humans are t blame fr the increased ccurrence f disasters
32. Hw des Prf Bill McGuire feel abut the present climate crisis?
A. Wrried.B. Dubtful.
C. Optimistic.D. Puzzled.
33. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. The glbal suth is in urgent need f financial supprt.
B. The speeding up f glbal warming has spelled truble.
C. Glbal heating affects western cuntries t a larger extent.
D. The effrt t reduce greenhuse gas emissin has wrked.
34. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T urge the public t fllw the science.
B. T persuade the scientists t further their study.
C. T assess the current plicy n the climate crisis.
D. T cnfirm the public’s cncern fr glbal heating.
【答案】31. D 32. A 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了归因研究表明极端天气可能是由温室气体排放导致，从而呼吁人们要尊重科学，采取措施，避免更严重的后果。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“It shws that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and flds have all been made far mre likely by greenhuse gas emissins. And it spells ut the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent f glbal heating’s cnsequences.(报告显示，温室气体排放大大增加了强烈热浪、飓风和洪水发生的可能性。它还详细说明了令人担忧的不可预测性以及全球变暖后果的程度)”和第二段“Until the early 2000s, when the first attributin studies were published, it was harder t link CO2 in the atmsphere with glbal heating’s sensible effects. Thanks t a grwing bdy f research, nw we knw. The last summer’s recrd-breaking “heat dme” acrss the glbe wuld have been almst impssible withut human-caused climate change.(直到21世纪初，当第一批归因研究发表时，很难将大气中的二氧化碳与全球变暖的明显影响联系起来。多亏了越来越多的研究，现在我们知道了。如果没有人为造成的气候变化，去年夏天全球破纪录的“热穹顶”几乎是不可能的)”可知，归因研究表明，气候变暖是人类造成的，人类应为灾害的增加负责。故选D项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In a new bk, Hthuse Earth, Prf Bill McGuire argues that we have reached a stage when minimising dangers shuld be regarded as “climate appeasement”.(Bill McGuire教授在新书《温室地球》中认为，我们已经到了将危险降至最低视为“气候绥靖”的阶段)”可知，Bill McGuire认为现在人们只是降低危险，但对气候变暖不加抵制，退让屈服，从而对当前的气候危机感到担忧。故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The mst alarming glbal trend, apart frm still-rising emissins that mean we are n curse fr 2. 5°C f heating, is the unexpected speed with which it is already causing chas. Given what we nw knw abut the impact f 1°C f warming, it is n exaggeratin t say that this trend is disastrus.(最令人担忧的全球趋势是，除了排放量仍在上升，这意味着我们正朝着2.5°C的升温方向发展之外，它已经以出乎意料的速度造成混乱。考虑到我们现在所知道的1°C变暖的影响，可以毫不夸张地说，这种趋势是灾难性的)”可知，全球变暖的加速带来了麻烦。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。结合全文及文章第一段“The scientists behind a new database f mre than 400 extreme weather attributin(归因) studies have perfrmed an essential service. This piece f wrk, drawing tgether every study f this type, ught t create a greater sense f urgency arund plicymaking and campaigning. It shws that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and flds have all been made far mre likely by greenhuse gas emissins. And it spells ut the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent f glbal heating’s cnsequences.(一个由400多项极端天气归因研究组成的新数据库背后的科学家们提供了一项重要服务。这项工作汇集了每一项此类研究，应该会在决策和竞选活动中产生更大的紧迫感。这表明，强烈的热浪、飓风和洪水都更有可能是由温室气体排放造成的。它阐明了令人担忧的不可预测性以及全球变暖的后果)”可知，文章主要介绍了归因研究表明极端天气可能是由温室气体排放导致，从而呼吁人们要尊重科学，采取措施，避免更严重的后果。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Pwer f ”Like“
Like it r lve it, scial media is a majr part f life. Teens spend mre than half f their waking hurs nline. And mst f what they d is read and respnd t psts by friends and family. Clicking n a thumbs-up r a heart icn is an easy way t stay in tuch. ____35____
Clicking ”like“ n a pst can increase the number f peple wh see it. If ther peple have liked a pst, new viewers will be mre likely t like it t. Many scial media sites share mre f the higher-ranked psts. ____36____
Accrding t recent studies, viewing ne’s wn psts with a lt f likes activates the reward system in their brains, especially fr teens. Psitive respnses t teens’ wn phts (in the frm f many likes)tell them that their friends appreciate the material they’re psting. ____37____ Seeing smene else’s ppular pht, hwever, desn’t necessarily turn it n. Mre likely, it may affect behaviral attitudes.
____38____ In ne 2011 study, in which teens ding driving task in a lab tk mre risks when their friends were arund, suggests that teens were changing their behavir t try t get scial apprval. Last year, researchers recruited (招募) 32 teens t check whether they make similar changes when using scial media. They fund that ppular phts might signal t them that what’s in thse phts is scially acceptable. ____39____ That means that what yu like nline has the pwer t influence nt just what thers like, but even what they d.
A like is a scial cue. Teens use it t learn hw t navigate their scial wrld. Clicking”like“ is a simple act that can have cmplex results. All tech users will be thughtful abut scial media.
A. As a result, that ppularity can feed n itself.
B. It’s n surprise that feedback frm peers affects hw teens behave.
C. Jining scial media can give peple a sense f being in the knw.
D. Their brains respnd t thse likes by turning n the reward center.
E. Fr example, images related t alchl may encurage teens t drink.
F. And that can, inapprpriately, make us feel less successful than them.
G. But thse ”likes“ can have pwer that ges beynd a simple cnnectin.
【答案】35. G 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了点赞对青少年产生的影响。
【35题详解】
上文“Clicking n a thumbs-up r a heart icn is an easy way t stay in tuch.(点击竖起大拇指或心形图标是保持联系的简单方法)”说明点赞是一种比较简单的保持联系方式，G项“但这些“赞”的力量可以超越简单的联系”与其紧密衔接，“a simple cnnectin”与“an easy way t stay in tuch”相呼应，并引出文章的主题，符合语境。故选G项。
【36题详解】
上文“Clicking ”like“ n a pst can increase the number f peple wh see it. If ther peple have liked a pst, new viewers will be mre likely t like it t. Many scial media sites share mre f the higher-ranked psts.(在帖子上点击“点赞”可以增加浏览人数。如果其他人也喜欢某个帖子，新观众也更有可能喜欢它。许多社交媒体网站分享更多排名较高的帖子)”说明社交媒体网站分享排名较高的帖子，那么就可以吸引更多的人点赞，A项“因此，这种受欢迎程度可以靠自己来维持”承接上文，阐述了前面句子产生的结果，符合语境。故选A项。
【37题详解】
上文“Accrding t recent studies, viewing ne’s wn psts with a lt f likes activates the reward system in their brains, especially fr teens. Psitive respnses t teens’ wn phts (in the frm f many likes)tell them that their friends appreciate the material they’re psting. (根据最近的研究，大量点赞观看自己的帖子会激活他们大脑中的奖励系统，尤其是对青少年来说。对青少年自己照片的积极回应(以许多赞的形式)告诉他们，他们的朋友很欣赏他们发布的材料)”提到青少年看到自己的帖子被点赞会激活他们大脑的奖励系统，D项“他们的大脑通过打开奖励中心来对这些赞做出反应”承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。
【38题详解】
下文“In ne 2011 study, in which teens ding driving task in a lab tk mre risks when their friends were arund, suggests that teens were changing their behavir t try t get scial apprval.(在2011年的一项研究中，当朋友在身边时，在实验室里完成驾驶任务的青少年会承担更多的风险，这表明青少年正在改变自己的行为，试图获得社会认可)”说明青少年有朋友在身边时，他们会改变自己的行为，B项“毫不奇怪，来自同龄人的反馈会影响青少年的行为”与举例说明的内容吻合，符合语境。故选B项。
【39题详解】
上文“They fund that ppular phts might signal t them that what’s in thse phts is scially acceptable.(他们发现，受欢迎的照片可能会向他们发出信号，表明这些照片中的内容是社会可以接受的)”，空处承上启下，下文“That means that what yu like nline has the pwer t influence nt just what thers like, but even what they d.(这意味着你在网上喜欢的东西不仅能影响别人喜欢的东西，甚至能影响他们的行为)”，E项“例如，与酒精有关的图片可能会鼓励青少年饮酒”举例内容与上文观点一致，其中“images ”与上文phts”相对应，“may encurage teens t drink”与下文“influence nt just what thers like, but even what they d”相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The idim “N ‘I’ in Team” is based n a pun (双关语)-The wrd “team” des nt cntain the letter “i”, which highlights the idea that instead f fcusing n themselves as individuals, team members shuld wrk tgether t achieve their cmmn gals.
When it cmes t achieving success, there’s n denying that teamwrk plays a crucial rle. We’ve all been there-grup prjects at schl, wrking with clleagues at the ffice r playing sprts with teammates. A successful team agrees and sets gals based n utcmes and results t cmplete its tasks. It’s imprtant that each member knws the directin the team is wrking tward, their respnsibilities, and hw they aim t achieve the team’s cllective gals. It’s essential that grup members within the team share wrklads and help each ther t succeed.
Mstly, in typical wrkplace culture, being fcus n individual pursuits is cnsidered plain selfish, but is supprting individuals in their wn pursuits really anti-team? Evidence suggests that putting the “I” back int team can imprve wrkplace prductivity and emplyee engagement. In the 1990s the Harvard Business Schl did research, demnstrating the benefits f giving emplyees paid time t fllw their wn individual pursuits. Since then, sme ntable cmpanies have intrduced unstructured time int their wrkplaces.
Glbally, 85% f emplyees are disengaged in their wrk. In Daniel Pink’s bk Drive, he argues that the best way t mtivate emplyees is nt thrugh the carrt and stick apprach but rather thrugh allwing and enabling them t direct their wn lives. When teams understand what matters t the individuals within them, they are able t better empathize with each ther and have each thers’ backs.
There is an “I” in team and when we start t implement prgrams that supprt individuals in their pursuits, we may just find they are mre creative, mre engaged and mre prductive.
40. What idea des the idim “N ‘I’ in Team” highlight?
_______________________________________________________________
41. Why is it imprtant t put “I” back int team?
_______________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Accrding t Danile Pink, the effective way t mtivate the 85% emplyees is t set the gal the cmpany wuld like their emplyees t achieve.
_______________________________________________________________
43. As an individual, hw can yu play yur rle in a team?
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Instead f fcusing n themselves as individuals, team members shuld wrk tgether t achieve their cmmn gals.
41. It can imprve wrkplace prductivity and emplyee engagement.
42. Accrding t Danile Pink, the effective way t mtivate the 85% emplyees is t set the gal the cmpany wuld like their emplyees t achieve.
Accrding t Daniel Pink, the best way t mtivate emplyees is nt thrugh the carrt and stick apprach but rather thrugh allwing and enabling them t direct their wn lives.
43. As an individual in a team, I shuld firstly understand my rle within the team and wrk t achieve my duties t the best f my ability. Wrking well with thers is als imprtant because it shws that I’m cmmitted t achieving bth persnal and rganizatinal gals.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了习语N ‘I’ in Team的意义，团队成员应该共同努力实现共同目标，而不是把注意力集中在个人身上。而现在有证据表明，把“我”放回团队可以提高工作场所的生产力和员工敬业度。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“The idim “N ‘I’ in Team” is based n a pun-The wrd “team” des nt cntain the letter “i”, which highlights the idea that instead f fcusing n themselves as individuals, team members shuld wrk tgether t achieve their cmmn gals.(习语“N ‘I’ in Team”基于双关语——team一词不包含字母i，这强调了团队成员应该共同努力实现共同目标，而不是把注意力集中在个人身上)”可知，N ‘I’ in Team强调了团队成员不应该把注意力集中在个人身上，而应该共同努力实现他们的共同目标。故答案为Instead f fcusing n themselves as individuals, team members shuld wrk tgether t achieve their cmmn gals.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Evidence suggests that putting the “I” back int team can imprve wrkplace prductivity and emplyee engagement.(有证据表明，把“我”放回团队可以提高工作场所的生产力和员工敬业度)”可知，把“我”放回团队很重要，是因为这可以提高工作场所的生产力和员工敬业度。故答案为It can imprve wrkplace prductivity and emplyee engagement.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段“In Daniel Pink’s bk Drive, he argues that the best way t mtivate emplyees is nt thrugh the carrt and stick apprach but rather thrugh allwing and enabling them t direct their wn lives.(在Daniel Pink的《驱动力》一书中，他认为激励员工的最佳方式不是胡萝卜加大棒的方法，而是允许并使他们能够指导自己的生活)”可知，“激励85%员工的有效方法是设定公司希望员工实现的目标”表述错误，Daniel Pink认为激励员工的最佳方式不是胡萝卜加大棒的方法，而是允许并使他们能够指导自己的生活。故答案为Accrding t Danile Pink, the effective way t mtivate the 85% emplyees is t set the gal the cmpany wuld like their emplyees t achieve.
Accrding t Daniel Pink, the best way t mtivate emplyees is nt thrugh the carrt and stick apprach but rather thrugh allwing and enabling them t direct their wn lives.
【43题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“It’s imprtant that each member knws the directin the team is wrking tward, their respnsibilities, and hw they aim t achieve the team’s cllective gals. It’s essential that grup members within the team share wrklads and help each ther t succeed.(重要的是，每个成员都知道团队的工作方向、他们的责任以及他们如何实现团队的集体目标。团队中的团队成员共享工作负载并相互帮助以取得成功是至关重要的)”可知，作为团队中的个人，要想在团队中发挥自己的作用，我应该首先了解自己在团队中的角色，并尽我所能履行职责。与他人良好合作也很重要，因为这表明我致力于实现个人和组织目标。故答案为As an individual in a team, I shuld firstly understand my rle within the team and wrk t achieve my duties t the best f my ability. Wrking well with thers is als imprtant because it shws that I’m cmmitted t achieving bth persnal and rganizatinal gals.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是李华。你的英国笔友Chris第一次去中国同学家中做客。他给你发来邮件，询问去中国家庭做客的社交礼仪。请你用英文给他回邮件，内容包括：
1. 社交礼仪；
2. 提出建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Chris,
Hw’s everything ging? I’m delighted t learn that yu are having dinner with a Chinese family. Chinese culture values certain custms during scial gatherings, s I’d like t share sme tips n hw t behave prperly during yur stay here.
First, like English peple, the Chinese attach great imprtance t being punctual. S, please arrive n time. It’s als custmary t bring a small gift t shw yur appreciatin. Presents like flwers r a bttle f wine will be much welcmed. When at the dinner table, yu’re advised t participate in the cnversatin. But remember nt t talk with yur muth full. It will be quite embarrassing and implite. Finally, dn’t frget t cmpliment the hst n the delicius fd. It’s cnsidered plite t express yur enjyment f the meal.
I hpe my tips might be helpful fr yu. Enjy the gathering with yur friends.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Chris回邮件，介绍去中国家庭做客的社交礼仪，并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→pleased
建议：tip→suggestin
感激：appreciatin→gratitude
参加：participate in→take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：But remember nt t talk with yur muth full. It will be quite embarrassing and implite.
拓展句：But remember nt t talk with yur muth full, which will be quite embarrassing and implite.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m delighted t learn that yu are having dinner with a Chinese family.（运用了that引导宾语从句）
【高分句型2】When at the dinner table, yu’re advised t participate in the cnversatin.（运用了when引导时间状语从句的省略）
2024. 01
本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
笔试(共三部分100分)
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
All my friends had made the ftball cheerleading team except me. My name was ___1___ frm the list. I still sat with them at lunch, still laughed at their jkes, ___2___ I felt as if I didn’t belng. I fught back tears, wanting t be strng.
Knwing that next year wuld bring a new rund f try-uts, I started practicing and was determined t see my name n the list. Hwever, my dad suggested that I get invlved in a schl-sprt-___3___ as anyne culd sign up with n try-uts. I had n idea what I was getting myself int. I nly ___4___ I might participate in it until I made the cheerleading team again.
On the track team, running pushed me t wrk harder than I ever knew I culd. Race after race, I cntinued t feel my lungs burning frm the ___5___. I guessed that I wanted t ___6___ myself t see if I culd imprve my running time.
The next year when spring came arund, I was thrilled t make the ftball cheerleading team, when, incredibly, I received a letter frm a new crss-cuntry cach, ___7___ me t jin his running team. I didn’t have a reasn fr chsing running ver cheerleading, ___8___ the fact that I fllwed my heart.
When I called the cach and tld him I wuld give it a try, I never realized that ne simple ___9___ wuld change the directin f my life. Within ne year, I became ne f the fastest female crss-cuntry runners.
We can be wh we were brn t be r we can just fllw the crwd. And when I chse t be a runner, I chse t be _____10_____ t myself.
1. A. cmingB. missingC. turningD. changing
2. A. butB. sC. rD. fr
3. A. thrwingB. cheerleadingC. ftballD. running
4. A. recrdedB. heardC. figuredD. cncluded
5. A. effrtB. diseasesC. needsD. interest
6. A. acceptB. challengeC. expressD. treat
7. A. sendingB. askingC. teachingD. reminding
8. A. in case fB. in spite fC. rather thanD. ther than
9. A. decisinB. cmplaintC. evaluatinD. expectatin
10. A. friendlyB. tlerantC. trueD. respectful
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在足球队落选后，选择参加无需选拔的跑步队，在挑战自我的过程中不断努力，最终成为了一名优秀的越野赛跑选手的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：名单上没有我的名字。A. cming来；B. missing错过，思念；C. turning转身；D. changing改变。根据“I still sat with them at lunch, still laughed at their jkes, ___2___ I felt as if I didn’t belng.”可知，作者的名字没有出现在足球啦啦队名单上。这里missing为形容词，在句中作表语，表示“缺席的；不在的”。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：我仍然和他们一起吃午饭，仍然为他们讲的笑话发笑，但我觉得自己好像不属于这里。A. but但是；B. s因此；C. r或者；D. fr因为。根据“I still sat with them at lunch, still laughed at their jkes,”和“I felt as if I didn’t belng.”可知，两句之间为转折关系。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我父亲建议我参加一项学校运动——跑步，因为任何人都可以报名参加，不需要经过选拔。A. thrwing投掷；B. cheerleading啦啦队；C. ftball足球；D. running跑步。根据下文“On the track team, running pushed me t wrk harder than I ever knew I culd.”可知，作者参加了跑步队。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是想我可能会参加直到我再次成为啦啦队员。A. recrded记录；B. heard听说；C. figured认为，想；D. cncluded推断。根据“I might participate in it until I made the cheerleading team again.”可知，此处表示作者当时的想法。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一场又一场的比赛，我仍然感到我的肺在努力燃烧。A. effrts努力；B. diseases疾病；C. needs需要；D. interest兴趣。根据“On the track team, running pushed me t wrk harder than I ever knew I culd.”可知，作者在跑步队很努力。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我猜我想挑战一下自己，看看我是否能提高我的跑步时间。A. accept接受；B. challenge挑战；C. express表达；D. treat对待。根据“t see if I culd imprve my running time.”可知，作者想挑战自己。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二年春天来临的时候，我兴奋地加入了足球啦啦队，但令人难以置信的是，我收到了一位新的越野教练的来信，邀请我加入他的跑步队。A. sending发送；B. asking邀请；C. teaching教；D. reminding提醒。根据“I received a letter frm a new crss-cuntry cach,”可知，新的越野教练邀请作者加入跑步队。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：我没有理由选择跑步而不是啦啦队，除了我跟随自己的心。A. in case f万一；B. in spite f尽管；C. rather than而不是；D. ther than除了。根据“I didn’t have a reasn fr chsing running ver cheerleading,”可知，除了听从自己的内心，作者没有选择啦啦队，而是选择了跑步。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我打电话给教练，告诉他我要试一试时，我从未意识到一个简单的决定会改变我的生活方向。A. decisin决定；B. cmplaint抱怨；C. evaluatin评价；D. expectatin期待。根据“wuld change the directin f my life.”可知，一个简单的决定改变了作者的生活方向。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我选择成为一名跑步者时，我选择做真实的自己。A. friendly友好的；B. tlerant宽容的；C. true真实的；D. respectful有礼貌的。根据“We can be wh we were brn t be r we can just fllw the crwd.”可知，作者选择做一个真正的自己，而不是随波逐流。故选C。
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The turtle dve is the UK’s fastest-declining bird species, accrding t a recent study. The data, ____11____ (recrd) by almst 1, 000 vlunteers, farmers and cunty bird clubs, shws there are nw nearly 2, 100 pairs left, dwn frm sme 125, 000 pairs in 1970. Lss f habitats and shting in suthern Eurpe ____12____(think)t be driving the decline. There is hpe, hwever, as the gvernment ____13____ (wrk) with landwners t allw mre fd supplies in the habitats nw.
【答案】11. recrded
12. are thught
13. is wrking
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国衰退最快的鸟类物种斑鸠数量下降的原因，政府正在采取措施保护他们。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：由近1000名志愿者、农民和县鸟类俱乐部记录的数据显示，现在只剩下近2100对，低于1970年的12.5万对。分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语形式在句中作定语，且动词recrd与被修饰词The data构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填recrded。
【12题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：南欧栖息地的丧失和枪击事件被认为是造成这种下降的原因。句子陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时，空处动词与主语构成被动关系，句子应用被动语态，主语Lss f habitats and shting in suthern Eurpe“南欧栖息地的丧失和枪击事件”是两个方面，故be动词用are。故填are thught。
【13题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，还是有希望的，因为现在政府正在与土地所有者合作，允许更多的食物供应到栖息地。根据句中时间状语nw可知，句子应用现在进行时，主语the gvernment为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is wrking。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In May the COMA C919, China’s first dmestically designed passenger plane, ____14____ (successful) cmpleted its first flight, marking a milestne in China’s space histry. S far, China has slved ____15____ (difficulty) in mre than 100 key technlgies and applied fr mre than 10,000 patents. In the past, China mainly depended ____16____ the technlgies frm ther cuntries, but it is applying its wn tday, helping t prmte the high-quality ____17____ (develp) f the cuntry’s ecnmy.
【答案】14. successfully
15. difficulties
16. n 17. develpment
【解析】
【导语】本文一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国第一架国产客机中国商飞C919成功在5月完成首飞，标志着中国航天史上的一个里程碑。
14题详解】
考查副词。句意：5月，中国第一架国产客机中国商飞C919成功完成首飞，标志着中国航天史上的一个里程碑。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词cmpleted，应用副词successfully，在句中作状语。故填successfully。
【15题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：到目前为止，中国已经解决了100多项关键技术的困难，申请了1万多项专利。根据mre than 100 key technlgies可知，此处difficulty指具体困难，应用复数形式。故填difficulties。
【16题详解】
考查介词。句意：过去，中国主要依赖其他国家的技术，但今天正在应用自己的技术，有助于推动国家经济的高质量发展。depend n“依靠，依赖”为固定短语。故填n。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：过去，中国主要依赖其他国家的技术，但今天正在应用自己的技术，有助于推动国家经济的高质量发展。分析句子可知，空处在句中作宾语，应用名词develpment，不可数名词。故填develpment。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Anna Jnes is a jurnalist, ____18____ first bk, Divide-The Relatinship Crisis Between Twn and Cuntry, was lnglisted fr the 2022 James Crpper Wainwright Prize. ____19____ (grw) up n a farm and wrking in the city have given Anna a rare insight int rural life. Anna started the nn-prfit cmmunicatins prject “Just Farmers” in 2018. She als runs a media educatin prgram t help farmers find cnfidence t share ____20____ they have experienced with the wider wrld.
【答案】18. whse
19. Grwing
20. what
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了安娜·琼斯的第一本书《城乡关系危机的划分》入围2022年詹姆斯·克罗珀·温赖特奖。她从小在农村长大，使得她对农村生活有独特见解，并创立一些项目来帮助农民。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：安娜·琼斯是一名记者，她的第一本书《城乡关系危机的划分》入围2022年詹姆斯·克罗珀·温赖特奖。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且先行词Anna Jnes在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whse。故填whse。
【19题详解】
考查动名词。句意：在农场长大和在城市工作让安娜对农村生活有了难得的了解。分析句子可知，空处应用动名词形式在句中和wrking一起作并列主语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Grwing。
【20题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：她还开办了一个媒体教育项目，帮助农民找到信心，与更广泛的世界分享他们的经历。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指代事情，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
If yu wuld like t vlunteer abrad, yu’ve cme t the right place. Here are a variety f vlunteering pprtunities, including medical, sprts, and wildlife cnservatin in Africa, which can help gain hands-n internatinal wrk experience and learn things yu’ll never get ut f a textbk.
Medical and Healthcare Prjects
If yu’re a medical student hping t gain sme valuable experience, we have suitable placements fr yu. We have prjects, which can really use the skills f qualified vlunteers, such as dctrs, nurses, dentists and a whle range f prfessins. If yu are unskilled, but have an interest and wuld like t assist in this field then yu can als help in many prject areas.
Sprts Caching Prjects
Our sprts vlunteer prjects invlve children f different ages and abilities, r smetimes adults as well. Therefre, anyne with sprts caching skills will be put t very gd use, trying t bring n the African sprts stars f the future. Yu’ll be able t help rganize sprting activities, teach new sprts t the children, cach them in their sprts sessins and even play ftball against the lcal team-dn’t expect t win!
Wildlife and Cnservatin Prjects
Wildlife cnservatin vlunteering in Africa can be hard wrk at times as yu have t deal with the human-wildlife cnflicts and ensure lcal cmmunities benefit frm cnservatin. Hwever, there are sme majr psitives, generally based in sme f the mst amazing natural areas. They get yu behind the scenes f places that turists will ften pay large amunts f mney t visit n hliday. If yu have relevant cnservatin experience r qualificatins, r as part f yur studies, then please get in tuch.
21. In Wildlife and Cnservatin Prjects, yu will ______.
A. pay fr the hliday visits
B. rganize cmmunity activities
C. prvide medical services
D. handle the human-wildlife cnflicts
22. What benefits can yu get frm the three prjects?
A. Prfessinal trainings.
B. Qualificatin prmtin.
C. Wrk experience.
D. Histrical adventures.
23. The passage is intended t ______.
A. describe life in Africa
B. share traveling memries
C. intrduce vlunteering prjects
D. explain the imprtance f wrking abrad
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个非洲的志愿者服务项目。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Wildlife and Cnservatin Prjects部分“Wildlife cnservatin vlunteering in Africa can be hard wrk at times as yu have t deal with the human-wildlife cnflicts and ensure lcal cmmunities benefit frm cnservatin.(在非洲做野生动物保护志愿者有时是一项艰巨的工作，因为你必须处理人类与野生动物的冲突，并确保当地社区从保护中受益)”可知，在野生动物和保护项目中，您将处理人类与野生动物之间的冲突。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Here are a variety f vlunteering pprtunities, including medical, sprts, and wildlife cnservatin in Africa, which can help gain hands-n internatinal wrk experience and learn things yu’ll never get ut f a textbk.(这里有各种各样的志愿服务机会，包括非洲的医疗、体育和野生动物保护，这有助于获得实际的国际工作经验，并学到课本上永远不会学到的东西)”可知，你可以从这三个项目中获得工作经验。故选C项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Here are a variety f vlunteering pprtunities, including medical, sprts, and wildlife cnservatin in Africa, which can help gain hands-n internatinal wrk experience and learn things yu’ll never get ut f a textbk.(这里有各种各样的志愿服务机会，包括非洲的医疗、体育和野生动物保护，这有助于获得实际的国际工作经验，并学到课本上永远不会学到的东西)”可知，文章主要介绍了三个非洲的志愿者服务项目。故选C项。
B
Muth pen in wnder and hrrr, Laurent Pelletier stares at the bush cricket that has landed in frnt f him n the picnic table. “Can we eat it?” he asks his mum. “Can I take it as a travel cmpanin?”
In early 2022, Laurent’s parents decided t quit their jbs. They tk their fur children, Mia, Lé, Clin, and Laurent, travelled ver 52, 000 miles and visited 13 cuntries. Over the mnths, the wrld cnstantly unveiled (显露) itself. The kids played pat-a-cake with unifrmed schlchildren in Btswana, and while in Tanzania they tried African traditinal dances with lcals and stayed n a banana farm. In Thailand, they tuched an elephant, calling ut in surprise at hw rugh it felt. Rarely did they talk abut why they were abrad in the first place, with ne exceptin. While travelling alng a dusty Mnglian highway last summer, Laurent, wh had seemed unaware f what was t cme, asked, “What des it mean t be blind? Hw will I crss the street? Will I be able t drive a car?”
“It’s like when yu have yur eyes clsed,” his mther said. “It wn’t happen vernight, but slwly, ver years. ”Being blind, she cntinued, didn’t mean the end f the wrld. Rather, the wrld wuld be different. Nthing wuld prevent them frm ding mst things, including skiing, swimming r even becming scientists wh wrked n cures fr their disease. Laurent ndded, then went back t making up his wn games t pass the time.
The fur kids will becme blind, likely in adulthd. They have a disease called retinitis pigmentsa (RP), a grup f related eye disrders that cause prgressive eyesight lss. By far, it has n effective treatment, and it will gradually take away their eyesight. Hwever, their parents still want their kids t lead full lives, whether they’re blind r nt. The trip has reinfrced (增强) what they believe all these years-the kids will find their way.
Each day, their parents watch the kids change, physically and emtinally. Laurent grws taller and needs mre independence. Bth Lé and Clin becme mre cnfident and utging, unafraid t engage with strangers. “Tday, my eyesight is gd and I’m ging t make the mst f it, ”says Mia. “Tmrrw, we will rise t the challenge. ”
24. Accrding t the passage, what did the family experience n their trip?
A. They did the farm wrk.
B. They tk elephant rides.
C. They cmpleted z turs.
D. They enjyed the flk dance.
25. What made Laurent’s parents decide t quit their jbs?
A. Their kids’ health.
B. Their wrk challenges.
C. Their family dreams.
D. Their passin fr nature.
26. What did the trip mainly bring t the kids?
A. Strng bdies.
B Scial skills.
C. Psitive mindset.
D. Language ability.
27. What can we mainly cnclude frm this passage?
A. Travelling is t seek fr an interesting life.
B. Nthing is impssible t a determined heart.
C. One’s ptential cannt always be underrated.
D. Treasure what yu have and live life t the fullest.
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了劳伦特的父母带着他们的四个成年后会失明的孩子去环游世界，体现出一种要珍惜现在所拥有的并尽情享受生活的人生态度。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The kids played pat-a-cake with unifrmed schlchildren in Btswana, and while in Tanzania they tried African traditinal dances with lcals and stayed n a banana farm. (在博茨瓦纳，孩子们与穿制服的学童一起玩拍蛋糕游戏，在坦桑尼亚，他们与当地人一起尝试非洲传统舞蹈，并住在香蕉农场。)”可知，这家人很喜欢民间舞蹈。故选D项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In early 2022, Laurent’s parents decided t quit their jbs. They tk their fur children, Mia, Lé, Clin, and Laurent, travelled ver 52, 000 miles and visited 13 cuntries. (2022年初，劳伦特的父母决定辞职。他们带着他们的四个孩子，Mia、Lé、Clin和Laurent，旅行了52000英里，访问了13个国家。)”和文章最后一段“Each day, their parents watch the kids change, physically and emtinally. (每天，他们的父母都看着孩子们在身体和情感上发生变。化)”可知，劳伦特的父母决定辞职是为了带孩子们去看世界，是为了让孩子们身心健康。故选A项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Laurent grws taller and needs mre independence. Bth Lé and Clin becme mre cnfident and utging, unafraid t engage with strangers. “Tday, my eyesight is gd and I’m ging t make the mst f it, ”says Mia. “Tmrrw, we will rise t the challenge. ” (劳伦特长高了，需要更多的独立性。Lé和Clin都变得更加自信和外向，不怕与陌生人交往。米娅说：“今天，我的视力很好，我将充分利用它。明天，我们将迎接挑战。”)”可知，旅行让孩子们有非常积极的心态。故选C项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第四段“Hwever, their parents still want their kids t lead full lives, whether they’re blind r nt. (然而，他们的父母仍然希望他们的孩子过上充实的生活，无论他们是否失明。)”可知，文章主要讲述劳伦特的父母带着他们的四个成年后会失明的孩子环游世界，体现出一种要珍惜现在所拥有的并尽情享受生活的人生态度。故选D项。
C
T Much Infrmatin
Cmputer hackers, in rder t get mre secret infrmatin, cnstantly imprve at breaking int cyberdefenses (网络防御系统) t steal valuable dcuments. S sme researchers prpse using an artificial-intelligence algrithm (算法) t hpelessly cnfuse them, nce they break in, by hiding the real deal in a muntain f misleading dcuments and infrmatin.
The algrithm, called Wrd Embedding-based Fake Online Repsitry Generatin Engine (WE-FORGE), creates decys f patents under develpment. If hackers were after, say, the recipe fr a new drug, they wuld have t find the relevant needle in a sea f false dcuments. This culd mean checking each recipe in detail-and perhaps investing in a few dead-end nes. “The name f the game here is, ‘Make it harder, ” explains V. S Subrahmanian, its develper, Dartmuth Cllege Cyber Security researcher. “Pain thse stealing frm yu. ”
Subrahmanian says he tackled this prject after reading that cmpanies are unaware f new kinds f cyberattacks fr an average f 312 days after they begin. “Hackers have almst a year t decamp with all ur dcuments, patents and intellectual prperty, ”he says. “They have stlen almst everything. It’s nt just the crwn jewels-it’s the crwn jewels, and the jewels f the cleaning lady, and the watch f the secretary!”
The dcuments prduced by WE-FORGE culd als act as hidden traps t cnfuse hackers, says Rachel Tbac, CEO f ScialPrf Security. These dcuments might alert security when accessed. Cmpanies have typically used human-created false cpies fr this strategy. But nw the algrithm is able t d that fr us.
The system prduces cnvincing traps by searching thrugh a dcument fr key wrds. Fr each ne it finds, it calculates a list f related cncepts and replaces the riginal term with ne chsen at randm. The prcess can prduce dzens f dcuments that cntain n patent infrmatin but still lk credible. Subrahmanian and his team asked cmputer science and chemistry graduates t evaluate real and false patents frm their respective fields. And the humans fund the WE-FORGE-created dcuments highly believable.
WE-FORGE might eventually expand its bundary. Bth Subrahmanian and Tbac think this research will attract cmmercial interest. “I culd definitely see an rganizatin investing in this type f prduct ” Tbac says. “If this creates believable decys withut releasing sensitive details within thse traps, then I think yu’ve gt a huge with there. ”
28. What des the underlined wrd “decys” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Misleading dcuments.
B. Original terms.
C Cmputer perating systems.
D. Cyber securities.
29. In Paragraph 3, what Subrahmanian says indicates ______.
A. the greediness f hackers
B. the wealth f the cmpanies
C. the unreliability f the netwrk
D. the variety f intellectual prperty
30. What can we learn abut WE-FORGE?
A. It will sund alarm upn being perated.
B. It is prfitable fr the users by aviding their lss.
C. It has attracted investrs fr its applicatin in many fields.
D. It can cmpse irrelevant cncepts in the false dcuments.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种人工智能算法(WE-FORGE)，该算法能够产生黑客盗取文件的伪造文件，将真实文件隐藏在堆积如山的伪造文件中，从而迷惑黑客，避免用户的损失。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“If hackers were after, say, the recipe fr a new drug, they wuld have t find the relevant needle in a sea f false dcuments. (比如说，如果黑客在寻找一种新药的配方，他们将不得不在虚假文件中大海捞针)”可知，该算法(WE-FORGE)能够产生黑客盗取文件的伪造文件，将真实文件隐藏在堆积如山的伪造文件中，混淆视听，故划线词指的是那些误导黑客的文件。故选A项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Hackers have almst a year t decamp with all ur dcuments, patents and intellectual prperty, ”he says. “They have stlen almst everything. It’s nt just the crwn jewels-it’s the crwn jewels, and the jewels f the cleaning lady, and the watch f the secretary!”(他说：“黑客有将近一年的时间带着我们所有的文件、专利和知识产权潜逃。他们几乎偷走了所有东西。不仅是皇冠上的珠宝，还有皇冠上的宝石，还有清洁女工的珠宝，以及秘书的手表！”)”可知，Subrahmanian的话表明黑客无所不偷，非常贪婪。故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The dcuments prduced by WE-FORGE culd als act as hidden traps t cnfuse hackers, says Rachel Tbac, CEO f ScialPrf Security. These dcuments might alert security when accessed. Cmpanies have typically used human-created false cpies fr this strategy. But nw the algrithm is able t d that fr us.(ScialPrf Security首席执行官Rachel Tbac表示，WE-FORGE制作的文件也可能成为迷惑黑客的隐藏陷阱。访问这些文档时，可能会向安全部门发出警报。公司通常使用人为创建的虚假副本来实现这一策略。但现在算法能够为我们做到这一点)”可知，WE-FORGE制作的文件可以迷惑黑客，避免用户的损失，这对于用户来说是有益的。故选B项。
D
The scientists behind a new database f mre than 400 extreme weather attributin (归因) studies have perfrmed an essential service. This piece f wrk, drawing tgether every study f this type, ught t create a greater sense f urgency arund plicymaking and campaigning. It shws that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and flds have all been made far mre likely by greenhuse gas emissins. And it spells ut the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent f glbal heating’s cnsequences.
Until the early 2000s, when the first attributin studies were published, it was harder t link CO2 in the atmsphere with glbal heating’s sensible effects. Thanks t a grwing bdy f research, nw we knw. The last summer’s recrd-breaking “heat dme”(热穹顶) acrss the glbe wuld have been almst impssible withut human-caused climate change.
“Beauty is truth, truth beauty,” wrte the pet Jhn Keats just ver 200 years ag. When it cmes t climate, truth can feel clser t terrr these days. But scientists are right t insist that the reality must be faced. Indeed, this is the nly way t avid the mst disastrus utcmes. In a new bk, Hthuse Earth, Prf Bill McGuire argues that we have reached a stage when minimising dangers shuld be regarded as “climate appeasement”.
Like the histrical respnsibility fr carbn emissins, attitudes and experiences in the present crisis are unevenly and unjustly shared ut. Billins f peple arund the wrld, and abve all in the glbal suth, are caught up day-t-day in a struggle fr survival. This desn’t mean they dn’t recgnise glbal heating; subsistence (勉强维持生活) farmers and fishers are mre directly expsed t envirnmental damage than anyne else. But western gvernments, businesses and peple wh are relatively sheltered frm glbal heating’s wrst effects shuld recgnise this as the privilege that it is. With this year’s Climate Change Cnference fast appraching, western gvernments must fllw thrugh n their prmises f climate finance t enable a green transitin in the develping wrld.
The purpse f attributin science is nt simply t warn the wrld abut what is happening, but t aid preparatins fr what has nt happened yet. The mst alarming glbal trend, apart frm still-rising emissins that mean we are n curse fr 2. 5°C f heating, is the unexpected speed with which it is already causing chas. Given what we nw knw abut the impact f 1°C f warming, it is n exaggeratin t say that this trend is disastrus.
But alternatives exist, and insisting n this pint has never been mre imprtant. The alarming findings f attributin scientists can give rise t desperatin-but must nt be allwed t end determinatin and hpe.
31. The attributin studies imply that ____.
A. plicies addressing climate issues are ineffective
B. it is hard t link CO2 with the effects f glbal heating
C. the extent f glbal heating’s cnsequences is unpredictable
D. humans are t blame fr the increased ccurrence f disasters
32. Hw des Prf Bill McGuire feel abut the present climate crisis?
A. Wrried.B. Dubtful.
C. Optimistic.D. Puzzled.
33. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. The glbal suth is in urgent need f financial supprt.
B. The speeding up f glbal warming has spelled truble.
C. Glbal heating affects western cuntries t a larger extent.
D. The effrt t reduce greenhuse gas emissin has wrked.
34. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T urge the public t fllw the science.
B. T persuade the scientists t further their study.
C. T assess the current plicy n the climate crisis.
D. T cnfirm the public’s cncern fr glbal heating.
【答案】31. D 32. A 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了归因研究表明极端天气可能是由温室气体排放导致，从而呼吁人们要尊重科学，采取措施，避免更严重的后果。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“It shws that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and flds have all been made far mre likely by greenhuse gas emissins. And it spells ut the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent f glbal heating’s cnsequences.(报告显示，温室气体排放大大增加了强烈热浪、飓风和洪水发生的可能性。它还详细说明了令人担忧的不可预测性以及全球变暖后果的程度)”和第二段“Until the early 2000s, when the first attributin studies were published, it was harder t link CO2 in the atmsphere with glbal heating’s sensible effects. Thanks t a grwing bdy f research, nw we knw. The last summer’s recrd-breaking “heat dme” acrss the glbe wuld have been almst impssible withut human-caused climate change.(直到21世纪初，当第一批归因研究发表时，很难将大气中的二氧化碳与全球变暖的明显影响联系起来。多亏了越来越多的研究，现在我们知道了。如果没有人为造成的气候变化，去年夏天全球破纪录的“热穹顶”几乎是不可能的)”可知，归因研究表明，气候变暖是人类造成的，人类应为灾害的增加负责。故选D项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In a new bk, Hthuse Earth, Prf Bill McGuire argues that we have reached a stage when minimising dangers shuld be regarded as “climate appeasement”.(Bill McGuire教授在新书《温室地球》中认为，我们已经到了将危险降至最低视为“气候绥靖”的阶段)”可知，Bill McGuire认为现在人们只是降低危险，但对气候变暖不加抵制，退让屈服，从而对当前的气候危机感到担忧。故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The mst alarming glbal trend, apart frm still-rising emissins that mean we are n curse fr 2. 5°C f heating, is the unexpected speed with which it is already causing chas. Given what we nw knw abut the impact f 1°C f warming, it is n exaggeratin t say that this trend is disastrus.(最令人担忧的全球趋势是，除了排放量仍在上升，这意味着我们正朝着2.5°C的升温方向发展之外，它已经以出乎意料的速度造成混乱。考虑到我们现在所知道的1°C变暖的影响，可以毫不夸张地说，这种趋势是灾难性的)”可知，全球变暖的加速带来了麻烦。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。结合全文及文章第一段“The scientists behind a new database f mre than 400 extreme weather attributin(归因) studies have perfrmed an essential service. This piece f wrk, drawing tgether every study f this type, ught t create a greater sense f urgency arund plicymaking and campaigning. It shws that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and flds have all been made far mre likely by greenhuse gas emissins. And it spells ut the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent f glbal heating’s cnsequences.(一个由400多项极端天气归因研究组成的新数据库背后的科学家们提供了一项重要服务。这项工作汇集了每一项此类研究，应该会在决策和竞选活动中产生更大的紧迫感。这表明，强烈的热浪、飓风和洪水都更有可能是由温室气体排放造成的。它阐明了令人担忧的不可预测性以及全球变暖的后果)”可知，文章主要介绍了归因研究表明极端天气可能是由温室气体排放导致，从而呼吁人们要尊重科学，采取措施，避免更严重的后果。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Pwer f ”Like“
Like it r lve it, scial media is a majr part f life. Teens spend mre than half f their waking hurs nline. And mst f what they d is read and respnd t psts by friends and family. Clicking n a thumbs-up r a heart icn is an easy way t stay in tuch. ____35____
Clicking ”like“ n a pst can increase the number f peple wh see it. If ther peple have liked a pst, new viewers will be mre likely t like it t. Many scial media sites share mre f the higher-ranked psts. ____36____
Accrding t recent studies, viewing ne’s wn psts with a lt f likes activates the reward system in their brains, especially fr teens. Psitive respnses t teens’ wn phts (in the frm f many likes)tell them that their friends appreciate the material they’re psting. ____37____ Seeing smene else’s ppular pht, hwever, desn’t necessarily turn it n. Mre likely, it may affect behaviral attitudes.
____38____ In ne 2011 study, in which teens ding driving task in a lab tk mre risks when their friends were arund, suggests that teens were changing their behavir t try t get scial apprval. Last year, researchers recruited (招募) 32 teens t check whether they make similar changes when using scial media. They fund that ppular phts might signal t them that what’s in thse phts is scially acceptable. ____39____ That means that what yu like nline has the pwer t influence nt just what thers like, but even what they d.
A like is a scial cue. Teens use it t learn hw t navigate their scial wrld. Clicking”like“ is a simple act that can have cmplex results. All tech users will be thughtful abut scial media.
A. As a result, that ppularity can feed n itself.
B. It’s n surprise that feedback frm peers affects hw teens behave.
C. Jining scial media can give peple a sense f being in the knw.
D. Their brains respnd t thse likes by turning n the reward center.
E. Fr example, images related t alchl may encurage teens t drink.
F. And that can, inapprpriately, make us feel less successful than them.
G. But thse ”likes“ can have pwer that ges beynd a simple cnnectin.
【答案】35. G 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了点赞对青少年产生的影响。
【35题详解】
上文“Clicking n a thumbs-up r a heart icn is an easy way t stay in tuch.(点击竖起大拇指或心形图标是保持联系的简单方法)”说明点赞是一种比较简单的保持联系方式，G项“但这些“赞”的力量可以超越简单的联系”与其紧密衔接，“a simple cnnectin”与“an easy way t stay in tuch”相呼应，并引出文章的主题，符合语境。故选G项。
【36题详解】
上文“Clicking ”like“ n a pst can increase the number f peple wh see it. If ther peple have liked a pst, new viewers will be mre likely t like it t. Many scial media sites share mre f the higher-ranked psts.(在帖子上点击“点赞”可以增加浏览人数。如果其他人也喜欢某个帖子，新观众也更有可能喜欢它。许多社交媒体网站分享更多排名较高的帖子)”说明社交媒体网站分享排名较高的帖子，那么就可以吸引更多的人点赞，A项“因此，这种受欢迎程度可以靠自己来维持”承接上文，阐述了前面句子产生的结果，符合语境。故选A项。
【37题详解】
上文“Accrding t recent studies, viewing ne’s wn psts with a lt f likes activates the reward system in their brains, especially fr teens. Psitive respnses t teens’ wn phts (in the frm f many likes)tell them that their friends appreciate the material they’re psting. (根据最近的研究，大量点赞观看自己的帖子会激活他们大脑中的奖励系统，尤其是对青少年来说。对青少年自己照片的积极回应(以许多赞的形式)告诉他们，他们的朋友很欣赏他们发布的材料)”提到青少年看到自己的帖子被点赞会激活他们大脑的奖励系统，D项“他们的大脑通过打开奖励中心来对这些赞做出反应”承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。
【38题详解】
下文“In ne 2011 study, in which teens ding driving task in a lab tk mre risks when their friends were arund, suggests that teens were changing their behavir t try t get scial apprval.(在2011年的一项研究中，当朋友在身边时，在实验室里完成驾驶任务的青少年会承担更多的风险，这表明青少年正在改变自己的行为，试图获得社会认可)”说明青少年有朋友在身边时，他们会改变自己的行为，B项“毫不奇怪，来自同龄人的反馈会影响青少年的行为”与举例说明的内容吻合，符合语境。故选B项。
【39题详解】
上文“They fund that ppular phts might signal t them that what’s in thse phts is scially acceptable.(他们发现，受欢迎的照片可能会向他们发出信号，表明这些照片中的内容是社会可以接受的)”，空处承上启下，下文“That means that what yu like nline has the pwer t influence nt just what thers like, but even what they d.(这意味着你在网上喜欢的东西不仅能影响别人喜欢的东西，甚至能影响他们的行为)”，E项“例如，与酒精有关的图片可能会鼓励青少年饮酒”举例内容与上文观点一致，其中“images ”与上文phts”相对应，“may encurage teens t drink”与下文“influence nt just what thers like, but even what they d”相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The idim “N ‘I’ in Team” is based n a pun (双关语)-The wrd “team” des nt cntain the letter “i”, which highlights the idea that instead f fcusing n themselves as individuals, team members shuld wrk tgether t achieve their cmmn gals.
When it cmes t achieving success, there’s n denying that teamwrk plays a crucial rle. We’ve all been there-grup prjects at schl, wrking with clleagues at the ffice r playing sprts with teammates. A successful team agrees and sets gals based n utcmes and results t cmplete its tasks. It’s imprtant that each member knws the directin the team is wrking tward, their respnsibilities, and hw they aim t achieve the team’s cllective gals. It’s essential that grup members within the team share wrklads and help each ther t succeed.
Mstly, in typical wrkplace culture, being fcus n individual pursuits is cnsidered plain selfish, but is supprting individuals in their wn pursuits really anti-team? Evidence suggests that putting the “I” back int team can imprve wrkplace prductivity and emplyee engagement. In the 1990s the Harvard Business Schl did research, demnstrating the benefits f giving emplyees paid time t fllw their wn individual pursuits. Since then, sme ntable cmpanies have intrduced unstructured time int their wrkplaces.
Glbally, 85% f emplyees are disengaged in their wrk. In Daniel Pink’s bk Drive, he argues that the best way t mtivate emplyees is nt thrugh the carrt and stick apprach but rather thrugh allwing and enabling them t direct their wn lives. When teams understand what matters t the individuals within them, they are able t better empathize with each ther and have each thers’ backs.
There is an “I” in team and when we start t implement prgrams that supprt individuals in their pursuits, we may just find they are mre creative, mre engaged and mre prductive.
40. What idea des the idim “N ‘I’ in Team” highlight?
_______________________________________________________________
41. Why is it imprtant t put “I” back int team?
_______________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Accrding t Danile Pink, the effective way t mtivate the 85% emplyees is t set the gal the cmpany wuld like their emplyees t achieve.
_______________________________________________________________
43. As an individual, hw can yu play yur rle in a team?
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Instead f fcusing n themselves as individuals, team members shuld wrk tgether t achieve their cmmn gals.
41. It can imprve wrkplace prductivity and emplyee engagement.
42. Accrding t Danile Pink, the effective way t mtivate the 85% emplyees is t set the gal the cmpany wuld like their emplyees t achieve.
Accrding t Daniel Pink, the best way t mtivate emplyees is nt thrugh the carrt and stick apprach but rather thrugh allwing and enabling them t direct their wn lives.
43. As an individual in a team, I shuld firstly understand my rle within the team and wrk t achieve my duties t the best f my ability. Wrking well with thers is als imprtant because it shws that I’m cmmitted t achieving bth persnal and rganizatinal gals.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了习语N ‘I’ in Team的意义，团队成员应该共同努力实现共同目标，而不是把注意力集中在个人身上。而现在有证据表明，把“我”放回团队可以提高工作场所的生产力和员工敬业度。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“The idim “N ‘I’ in Team” is based n a pun-The wrd “team” des nt cntain the letter “i”, which highlights the idea that instead f fcusing n themselves as individuals, team members shuld wrk tgether t achieve their cmmn gals.(习语“N ‘I’ in Team”基于双关语——team一词不包含字母i，这强调了团队成员应该共同努力实现共同目标，而不是把注意力集中在个人身上)”可知，N ‘I’ in Team强调了团队成员不应该把注意力集中在个人身上，而应该共同努力实现他们的共同目标。故答案为Instead f fcusing n themselves as individuals, team members shuld wrk tgether t achieve their cmmn gals.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Evidence suggests that putting the “I” back int team can imprve wrkplace prductivity and emplyee engagement.(有证据表明，把“我”放回团队可以提高工作场所的生产力和员工敬业度)”可知，把“我”放回团队很重要，是因为这可以提高工作场所的生产力和员工敬业度。故答案为It can imprve wrkplace prductivity and emplyee engagement.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段“In Daniel Pink’s bk Drive, he argues that the best way t mtivate emplyees is nt thrugh the carrt and stick apprach but rather thrugh allwing and enabling them t direct their wn lives.(在Daniel Pink的《驱动力》一书中，他认为激励员工的最佳方式不是胡萝卜加大棒的方法，而是允许并使他们能够指导自己的生活)”可知，“激励85%员工的有效方法是设定公司希望员工实现的目标”表述错误，Daniel Pink认为激励员工的最佳方式不是胡萝卜加大棒的方法，而是允许并使他们能够指导自己的生活。故答案为Accrding t Danile Pink, the effective way t mtivate the 85% emplyees is t set the gal the cmpany wuld like their emplyees t achieve.
Accrding t Daniel Pink, the best way t mtivate emplyees is nt thrugh the carrt and stick apprach but rather thrugh allwing and enabling them t direct their wn lives.
【43题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“It’s imprtant that each member knws the directin the team is wrking tward, their respnsibilities, and hw they aim t achieve the team’s cllective gals. It’s essential that grup members within the team share wrklads and help each ther t succeed.(重要的是，每个成员都知道团队的工作方向、他们的责任以及他们如何实现团队的集体目标。团队中的团队成员共享工作负载并相互帮助以取得成功是至关重要的)”可知，作为团队中的个人，要想在团队中发挥自己的作用，我应该首先了解自己在团队中的角色，并尽我所能履行职责。与他人良好合作也很重要，因为这表明我致力于实现个人和组织目标。故答案为As an individual in a team, I shuld firstly understand my rle within the team and wrk t achieve my duties t the best f my ability. Wrking well with thers is als imprtant because it shws that I’m cmmitted t achieving bth persnal and rganizatinal gals.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是李华。你的英国笔友Chris第一次去中国同学家中做客。他给你发来邮件，询问去中国家庭做客的社交礼仪。请你用英文给他回邮件，内容包括：
1. 社交礼仪；
2. 提出建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Chris,
Hw’s everything ging? I’m delighted t learn that yu are having dinner with a Chinese family. Chinese culture values certain custms during scial gatherings, s I’d like t share sme tips n hw t behave prperly during yur stay here.
First, like English peple, the Chinese attach great imprtance t being punctual. S, please arrive n time. It’s als custmary t bring a small gift t shw yur appreciatin. Presents like flwers r a bttle f wine will be much welcmed. When at the dinner table, yu’re advised t participate in the cnversatin. But remember nt t talk with yur muth full. It will be quite embarrassing and implite. Finally, dn’t frget t cmpliment the hst n the delicius fd. It’s cnsidered plite t express yur enjyment f the meal.
I hpe my tips might be helpful fr yu. Enjy the gathering with yur friends.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Chris回邮件，介绍去中国家庭做客的社交礼仪，并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→pleased
建议：tip→suggestin
感激：appreciatin→gratitude
参加：participate in→take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：But remember nt t talk with yur muth full. It will be quite embarrassing and implite.
拓展句：But remember nt t talk with yur muth full, which will be quite embarrassing and implite.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m delighted t learn that yu are having dinner with a Chinese family.（运用了that引导宾语从句）
【高分句型2】When at the dinner table, yu’re advised t participate in the cnversatin.（运用了when引导时间状语从句的省略）
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