2024人教版初中英语七年级上册专练1—名词

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新七上语法专练 1——名词一、名词分类（一）专有名词个人、地方、机构等专有名称。如： Shanghai, Li Lei 等。专有名词的首字母通常要大写。具体说来，它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。如：Jim, China, July,Friday, Christmas, English 等。（二）普通名词1. 个体名词：某类人或东西中的个体。如：fighter, gun, country, cup, desk, student 等。一般可数，有单复数形式。2. 集体名词：若干个体组成的集合体。如：family, class, team, police。一般看作复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。（具体见“主谓一致”这一课“特殊的情况 4”）3. 物质名词：无法分为个体的实物。如：cotton, tea, air 等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。4. 抽象名词：动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如：health, happiness, love, work, life 等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。二、可数名词(一)单数变复数变化规则规则变化类别构成方法词尾加-s词尾加-es例词一般情况以 s, x, ch, sh 等结尾的词cup →cups, friend →friends, banana →bananasclass →classes, box →boxes, watch →watches,wish →wishes以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词 变 y 为 i，再加-esdictionary →dictionaries, family →families以 f 或 fe 结尾的词把 f/fe 变为 v，再加-es knife →knives词尾加-sroof →roofs以 o 结尾的词词尾加-estomato →tomatoes, potato →potatoes,hero—heroes,(英雄))Negro—Negroes(黑人)词尾加-sradio →radiosphoto →photos不规则变化(常见部分)man →men policeman→policemen woman→women policewoman→policewomen child→childrenmouse→mice sheep→sheep fish→fish deer→deer tooth→teeth foot→feet goose→geese1.改变单数名词中的元音字母或其他形式。如：man→men, policeman→policemen, woman→women,tooth→teeth, foot→feet, goose→geese, mouse(老鼠)→mice, child→children 等。2.单复数形式相同。如：sheep, deer, fish 等。以 ese 或 ss 结尾的表示民族、国家的人的名词也一样单复数同形。如：Chinese,Japanese, Swiss 等。以 an 结尾或其他形式结尾的表示民族、国家的人的名词变复数时在词尾加-s。如 ：Americans, Asians,1 Russians, Australians, Italians, Germans 等。3.man, woman 等修饰名词构成合成词时，一般两个词都变化。如：man servant→men servants, womandoctor→women doctors 等。但是其他合成名词只需把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式即可。如：shoe factory→shoe factories 鞋厂(三)可数名词用法：1.可数名词可以被基数词(如 one)、不定冠词(a, an)或 some, many, several, few, a few, a lot of, lots of,enough, plenty of, a number of 等修饰。 2. 对可数名词的量提问时，要用 how many。三、不可数名词(1)一般没有复数形式。如：some bread，a little milk 等。(2)不能用不定冠词a/an或指示代词this, that, these, those或数词one, two, three等修饰，但可用定冠词the或some,any,或lots of/a lot of(许多)来修饰。There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。(3)不可数名词的数量要借助”基数词+表示量的名词+ of”短语表达，如 three pieces of bread (三块面包)，two glasses of milk (两杯牛奶)等。(4)作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数"量词"时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。(5)用代词指代不可数名词时，用单数 it，不用复数 they 或 them。(6)对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用 how much。如 ：How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶？三、名词所有格 表示名词间的所属关系“......的”(一)’s 所有格①单数名词以及不以 S 结尾的复数名词的所有格形式在词尾加’s。Peter’s book 皮特的书 my father’s jacket 我爸爸的夹克衫 children’s music 儿童音乐②名词已有复数词尾-s，只加’ Grandparents’ room 爷爷奶奶的房间 teachers’ books 老师们的书③两个名词并列，表示共同拥有：只在第二个名词后加’s Tom and Lily’s father 汤姆和莉莉的爸爸(共同的爸爸)分别拥有：分别加’s Tom’s and Lily’s fathers 汤姆的爸爸和莉莉的爸爸(各自的爸爸)(二)of 所有格 无生命的名词的所属关系一般要用介词 of 短语来构成a map of China 一张中国地图a photo of my family 我的一张全家福巩固练习（一）写出下列名词的复数形式wolf→__________family→__________lady→__________day→__________hero→__________watch→__________class→__________peach→__________candy→__________story→_________boy→__________glass→__________flash→__________box→__________dish→__________knife→__________bus→__________watch→__________leaf→__________wife→__________tomato→__________ potato→__________radio→__________ zoo→__________photo→__________ piano→__________2 （二）根据句意及所给单词填空1. Look at those ______________ (child).2. I can see a _____________ standing near thedoor. (policeman)book.9. What color is it? It’s _____ orange.10. _____ skirt in purple is at a good price.11. There is only ____ apple on the table.12. She is ____ old woman but looks like youngerthan ____ eighteen-year-old girl.13. Mr. Cool writes ____ ad for his clothes store.14. Here is ____ article about how to keephealthy.3. Do you want some __________ ? (potato)4. In autumn, you can see a lot of __________ onthe ground. (leaf)5. He has two ________. One is blue , the other isyellow.(box)6. ________ (this) are my English books.7. The two boys are my ____________.(student)8. -- _____ those your parents?--Yes, they _____.9. My aunt Jane and my mother are __________.10.I have two _________(watch).15. I have ____ milk and my sister has ____ breadevery morning.（四）名词所有格 1）汉译英爸爸的书_________________妈妈的包__________________妈妈们的包___________________老师的笔_____________________爷爷的茶_____________________学生们的作业_________________Amy 和 Sam 的妈妈_______________________Amy 和 Sam 的妈妈们 _____________________墙的颜色_____________________中国的首都_____________________我的狗的名字_____________________2）在恰当的地方加上’，’s，s’或 ofJackson new song is great.11.I have some __________ (photo) of my family.12.Do you like these ____________(dictionary)?13.Are those your _________(bus)?14.I have three ___________ (watch).15.Look,there are nine __________(box).16.There are five ___________ (family).17.She takes four _________ (photo).18.He has six ____________ (tomato).19.There are seven ______ (man).20.There are three __________ (Chinese).（三）用 a,an,the, /填空1. Math is ______ useful subject. We have twomath classes for _____ hour on Tuesday.2. We can draw when we have ______ art.3. Tom likes to play _____ computer games onSunday.This is the children room.These are the girls books.Look, that is Daming and Sam house.Cai Xukun and Lu Han faces are different.What is the color SpongeBob（海绵宝宝）.（五）名词单复数综合练习4. Yu Mei has ____very busy Friday.5. Do you have _____ art festival this year?6. There is ____ schedule of Class 10 on ____wall.1. -I am very hungry and thirsty after a day’swork.-Would you like some ____ and _____?A.sandwiches; orange juice7. Anita is ____ American girl, but her friendYang Ting is ____ Chinese girl.B.sandwich; orange juicesC.sandwiches; orange juices8. Harry Potter(哈利波特) is ____ interestingD.sandwich; orange juice3 2. Five _____ teachers are teaching those _____students patiently.C. two days holiday D. two days’ holiday14.Katherine was excited to receive roses fromher husband on _____ Day.A.women; boyC.woman; boyB.women; boysD.woman; boysA.Woman B.Women C.Woman’s D.Women’s15.______ like ______ by air.3. Mary likes ____ and ____ noodles very much.A.beef; potatosC.beefs; potatoB.eggs; tomatoesD.egg; tomatoA. Greens, travelling B. The Green, travelingC. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling（六）根据句意和提示填空4. I’m told your class has 3 new comers. Yes, oneis a _____, the other two are______.1. Are these your ________ (盒子)?A.Japan; GermanyB.Japanese; German2. I know his ________ (朋友) Gina and Grace.They________ (be) in the same(相同的)school.This______(be) Gina’s ruler._____is red.3. Lucy and Lily are_______(姐妹),They ______(be) from an English_______(family). Their________(父母)are in China now. _______(these) jacket is Lucy’s.C.Japanese; Germans D.Japanese; Germen5. Look!There is a cat, two _____ and four _____in the picture. A.lions; sheeps B.sheep; deerC.dog; snake D.cat; elephants6. Would you like _______ , please?A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waterC. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters7. The students visited Mike’s farm and sawmany _____ there.4. I have two ________________ (铅笔盒) and_____ ________(一块橡皮). Here ______ (be)five _______________ (字典）and three____________ (手表)in my schoolbag.5. Are those _____ (box) yours? Here ____ (be) afamily photo in it and there are five ________(family) in the photo.A. bird B. duck C. sheepD. rabbit8. Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat ____ thesedays.--Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D.the chicken9. ______ room is here.6. This is my _________(parent) room. These are______________(Sally and Sam) watches in it.7. ________________ (Tom and Tim) father is inthe first photo, their ________ (sister)A. Kate’s and Jane’sC. Kate and Jane’sB. Kate’s and JaneD. Kate and Jane10.Tom is a friend of _______.A. my mother’s B. my motherschoolbags are in the first photo, too.C. my mothersD. mother’s of me8. This is my __________ (cousin) pencil box,_______________ (Jack and Tom) rulers in it.9. Mimi is __________________________(我猫的名字), it is my_____________(parents).10.It is my __________ (brother) room, these are______________ (Lily and Eric) rooms, theyare my _________________ (uncle and aunt)sons.11. --- Whose cup is this? --- It’s _______.A. Liu Hua B. Liu Hua’s C. Liu Huas D. Li Huas’12.The teachers over there are_________.A.John’s and Kate’sC.Johns and Kates’B.John’s and KateD. John and Kate13.We’re going to have _______ next month.A. two day’ holiday B. two day holiday4