专题01 阅读理解细节理解题 （原卷版+解析版）

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从近几年高考英语阅读理解题型来看，事实细节题目增多，其难度也稍有加大。其表现有：题目设置顺序与全文行文不尽一致；题目信息与原文信息表达方式不完全相同；答案获取需跨段落搜集等。
从考查侧重点分析看，考题重点由原来的考查语言知识点，如介词搭配、冠词选择及固定句型运用等转向考查学生的语言实际运用能力和语篇运用能力，如概括短文大意、根据短文信息进行推测、猜测词义等。
从阅读理解部分所选材料看，题材多样，情景各异。但多数与考生的实际生活有或多或少的联系。考生结合其生活实际及常识，根据短文所提供的信息，仔细斟酌一番，还是不难做出答案的。
必备应对策略及突破方法使用趋势分析：考生运用平时积累的语言知识，如词汇、语法等，通读短文，作到理解大意;在通读时，注意搜索短文中的5个“W”和1个“H”，5个“W”指的是what，when，where，wh，why; 1个“H”指的是hw，并留意其所在位置，要求考生能快速地辨认、记忆事实细节；在熟悉材料的情况下，带着问题去找答案。这往往要求考生以略读或通篇跳读为主，寻找与答案相关细节；在做概括、推理题时，需要考生通过思维，将理解的内容加以系统化、条理化，方可作答。
题型特征总览
题型突破攻略
解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。
一、点式细节理解题
式细节理解题答案可以在原文中找到，考生一般可以通过读原文中的某句话或某个词语便能得出答案，此类题属于低层次题。解答点式细节理解题，采取“先题后文，题干定位法”，即从问题中抓关键词(题眼)，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干相吻合的关键词或与关键信息相关的段落，仔细推敲，最后确定答案。
1.直接信息题：一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。
【典型例题】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)
All custmers travelling n TransLink services must be in pssessin f a valid ticket befre barding.Fr ticket infrmatin，please ask at yur lcal statin r call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effrt t ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be n guarantee f cnnectins between trains r between train services and bus services.
21．What wuld yu d t get ticket infrmatin?
A．Call 13 16 17.
B．Visit
C．Ask at the lcal statin.
D．Check the train schedule.
【分析】
·第一步 找关键词：ticket infrmatin
·第二步 定位到原文：在原文中定位原词ticket infrmatin，确定关键句为第一段的第二句“Fr ticket infrmatin，please ask at yur lcal statin r call 13 12 30.”。
·第三步 比对选项：想要获得票务信息可以咨询当地车站。
2.间接信息题：一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，要求在理解的基础上，对原文信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。
【典型例题】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D)
Dr.Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines.They made a living as divers，spearfishing r harvesting shellfish.“We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders，”Dr.Jubilad said.“I culd see them actually walking under the sea.”
34．Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?
A．They culd walk n stilts all day.
B．They had a superb way f fishing.
C．They culd stay lng underwater.
D．They lived n bth land and water.
【分析】
·第一步 找关键词：astnished
·第二步 定位到原文：利用同义词复现确定答案，由关键词astnished定位文中的“We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders”为信息句，astnished与amazed为同义词 。
·第三步 比对选项：年轻的Jubilad对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长时间。
3.数字计算题：要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。
【典型例题】 (2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读A)
Visitr Infrmatin
Hw__t__Get__t__Hlker
By Car：Fllw brwn signs n A590 frm J36，M6.Apprximate travel times：Windermere—20 minutes，Kendal—25 minutes，Lancaster—45 minutes，Manchester—1 hur 30 minutes.
By Rail：The nearest statin is Cark－in－Cartmel with trains t Carnfrth，Lancaster and Prestn fr cnnectins t majr cities & airprts.
Opening__Times
Sunday－Friday (clsed n Saturday ) 11：00 am－4：00pm，30th March－2nd Nvember.
Admissin__Charges
Hall & Gardens Gardens
Adults： ￡12.00 ￡8.00
Grups: ￡9.00 ￡5.50
22．Hw much shuld a member f a tur grup pay t visit Hall & Gardens?
A．￡12.00. B．￡ 9.00.
C．￡8.00.D．￡ 5.50.
【分析】
·第一步 找关键词：Hall & Gardens
·第二步 定位到原文：利用原文数据和题干数据关系确定答案，有Admissin Charges及Grups：
￡9.00 ￡5.50的内容可直接得出答案。
·第三步 比对选项：团队参观霍克庄园和花园每人是9英镑。
二、网式细节理解题
网式细节理解题要根据原文中的多处信息才能得出答案。因此在解答该类题目时一定要不厌其烦，题目涉及的多处细节要一一找出，并对选项和原文进行一一比对，做到万无一失。
【典型例题】 (2015·浙江卷阅读A)
The children sat stunned and silent.Was this a teacher talking? One girl，wh had just cme t us frm a schl where she had had a very hard time，lked at me steadily fr a lng time after I had finished.Then，still lking at me，she said slwly and seriusly，“Mr.Hlt，d yu really mean that？”I said just as seriusly，“I mean every wrd f it.”
During the spring she really astnished me.One day，she was reading at her desk.Frm a glimpse f the illustratins I thught I knew what the bk was.I said t myself，“It can’t be，”and went t take a clser lk.Sure enugh，she was reading Mby Dick，in the editin with wdcuts.I said，“Dn’t yu find parts f it rather heavy ging？” She answered，“Oh，sure，but I just skip ver thse parts and g n t the next gd part.”
44．Which f the fllwing statements abut the girl is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．She skipped ver thse easy parts while reading.
B．She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
C．She learned t appreciate sme parts f the difficult bks.
D．She turned ut t be a tp student after cming t this schl.
【分析】
·第一步 分析选项：标出选项重要信息词。
·第二步 确定目标选项：根据选项重要信息词定位到文中第二段中的“I said，‘Dn’t yu find parts f next gd part.’”确定目标选项A和C。B和D项未提及。
·第三步 逐一对照：虽然女孩读的书有些部分有难度，但是女孩在阅读时，会跳过那些晦涩难懂的部分，选择容易理解的部分来阅读。故A项错误，选C项。
对于一般的多细节理解题，虽然不像正误判断题一样逐个选项与原文排查，但这类题目的答案也是综合原文多个信息得出的，因此也要不厌其烦，认真分析，方能得出正确答案。
【典型例题】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)
Sme parents will buy any high－tech ty if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with math－related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine，an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children at the University f Chicag，fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills.Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知)after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme，educatin and the amunt f parent talk，Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child－parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
24．In which aspect d children benefit frm puzzle play?
A．Building cnfidence.
B．Develping spatial skills.
C．Learning self－cntrl.
D．Gaining high－tech knwledge.
【分析】
·第一步 分析题干：根据题干定位到children benefit frm puzzle play。
·第二步 一一比对信息源：由第二段中的“Psychlgist Susan skills.” 及第三段内容的信息源，不厌其烦，一一比对。
名校资源学练
1
（2023秋·辽宁沈阳·高三校联考期末）The wrld has seen many inventins. While mst peple are prud f thse assciate with their names, there are things making inventrs feel the ther way.
The pp-up (弹出) advert, by Ethan Zuckerman
Pp-up ads are cnvenient fr thse wh are interested, but mst peple get annyed when they are n cmputers. They may cntain cmputer viruses. Just as we wuld blame the inventr, the man humbly accepted his inventin isn’t ne f the best. In his essay, Zuckerman wrte abut the mst hateful thing, “I wrte the cde t launch the windw and run an ad in it.”
The emticn, by Sctt E. Fahlman
Emticns began t ccupy screens crazily in 2011 and gained great ppularity, especially with yung men. It had been fur years since Fahlman first used a “smiley face” in a cmputer message. He created the emticn as a jke marker. But things are different. “It has gne t places I dn’t apprve f,” he cmplained t The Wall Street Jurnal in 2013. “It shuldn’t have been created.”
The ffice cubicle (隔间), by Bb Prpst
In 1968, Bb Prpst came up with the idea ffice cubicles, smething that “wuld build a futuristic and tidy ffice style with n real walls r drs and prvide a mre cmfrtable envirnment”. But the man has cme t hate what he has invented, as Prpst recalled t Frtune at age 80, “They’ve changed and just becme cubicles”.
The K-Cup, by Jhn Sylvan
It seems everyne has a Keurig cffee maker fr K-Cups. Jhn Sylvan invented the K-Cup, aimed at facilitating ffice life f white-cllar wrkers. Nw it’s cmmn in huses and cmpanies. Hwever, the single-serve plastic cffee cups aren’t ec-friendly. “I feel bad smetimes that I ever did it”, Sylvan admits. But! Gd news fr Mr. Sylvan: Keuring nw ffers varieties f recyclable K-Cups.
1. When was the emticn invented?
A. In 2007.B. In 2009.C. In 2011.D. In 2013.
2. Which ne was created fr ffice wrkers’ cnvenience?
A. The pp-up advert.B. The emticn.C. The ffice cubicle.D. The K-Cup.
3. What d the abve inventins have in cmmn?
A. They benefit human life greatly.
B. Their creatrs are blamed by the public.
C. Their inventrs feel regretful.
D. They are very ppular with yung peple.
2
（2023春·广东深圳·高三深圳市福田区福田中学校考阶段练习）A shcking news reprt has revealed that mre than ne in five species f maple trees faces extinctin, warning that 75% f the threatened species are “gegraphically restricted” in their native regins.
The trees are experiencing a vast decline in habitat, due t urban develpment, wd harvesting and agricultural expansin. Time is running ut fr the wrld's bidiversity. Every recent survey f plants and animals in the wild pints t this. This is happening nearly everywhere rarer maples exist. And because f climate change, the narrw habitats that supprt species at the edges f dry places and at the tps f muntains are quickly disappearing.
The trees can be fund in subtrpical and trpical regins, as far suth as Indnesia. The nly species fund in the UK, the field maple is nt under threat. Nt nly are the trees a ppular attractive feature in parks and public spaces, but they are a key part f the natural ecsystem in wdlands, as well as being an imprtant wd crp in several cuntries. Althugh the sugar maple in Nrth America, which prduces maple juice, is nt endangered, tw f the clsest relatives t the species are endangered.
The reprt ntes that cnserving at-risk species in their natural habitat is the best cnservatin tactic. But cllectins in btanical gardens and seed banks-called "ex situ cllectins" can act as insurance plicies against extinctin. There are currently 14 species f maple, including fur that are critically endangered, which are absent frm these types f cllectins.
One species in Mexic, the Acer binzayedii, is in “desperate need f cnservatin"”despite nly being discvered in 2017. “It is at risk frm climate change in its clud frest habitat and threatened by lgging and frest fires while it is als absent frm 'ex situ cllectins',” the reprt adds. The reprt recmmends develping cnservatin plans, mnitring species currently nt at risk t ensure ppulatins are maintained, and adding thse missing maple species t seed banks.
4. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. Actin t prtect maple trees.B. The dangerus situatin f maple trees.
C. Varius maple trees' habitats in the wrld.D. The cnditins fr diversity in maple trees.
5. What d the field maple and the sugar maple have in cmmn?
A. They cannt prduce juice.B. They are fund in America.
C. They are nt at risk f extinctin.D. They have tw endangered relatives.
6. What des the underlined wrd “tactic” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Tpic.B. Apprach.C. Result.D. Cnclusin.
7. What's the main purpse f the reprt?
A. T ffer a prpsal.B. T recmmend a prduct.
C. T intrduce maple species.D. T warn peple f disasters.
3
（2023秋·辽宁大连·高三庄河高中校考阶段练习）When British musician Paul Bartn perfrms in central Thailand lately, the listeners react wildly. Sme pull his hair r jump n his pian. Others steal his music. The behavir is nrmal, hwever, because these crwds are truly wild—wild mnkeys t be exact.
Bartn plays ften t the animals in Lpburi, an area knwn fr its ppulatins f wild mnkeys. The pianist hpes the music shws bring calm t the animals during the crna virus(COVID-19) crisis.
The disease has caused prblems fr the mnkeys, t. They are hungry. The restrictins n turism mean fewer peple cme t see the mnkeys and feed them.
The mnkeys quickly surrund Bartn when he plays Greensleeves, Beethven's Fur Elise and Michael Nyman's Diary f Lve. Sme f the creatures sit n his chair, while thers climb up his bdy and tuch his head. But, Bartn keeps his attentin n his perfrmance, even as a small mnkey runs ver his hands n the instrument. Other mnkeys take cntrl f his music papers. “I was glad and surprised t find that they were actually eating the music as I was playing it.”
The mnkeys are Bartn's latest animal fans. Past wildlife audience included elephants living in special prtected areas. Bartn hpes t raise peple's awareness f the mnkeys' hunger. At the same time, he hpes t study their behavir as they react t classical music.
“Cme tgether and dn't let the pandemic stp the wild mnkeys getting gd nutritius fd. We need t make an effrt t make sure that they eat prperly. And when they eat prperly they will be calmer,” said 59 -year-ld Bartn.
8. Why des the musician play t the wild mnkeys?
A. T see the wild animals just being themselves.
B. T study their behavir as they react t pp music.
C. T raise mney fr the wild mnkeys' hunger.
D. T help calm them during COVID -19 crisis.
9. What kind f music des the musician play?
A. Cntemprary music.B. Classical music.
C. Cuntry music.D. Ppular music.
10. What des the underlined phrase “eating the music" in Paragraph 4 refer t ?
A. Stealing his music papers.B. Eating his music papers.
C. Disturbing his perfrmance.D. Enjying his playing
11. What can we infer frm the text?
A. Wild mnkeys like t play with the musician.
B. Peple will start t prtect the wild mnkeys.
C. The COVID-19 has damaged much t the wrld.
D. Music can make the wild animals mre active.
4
（2023·浙江·模拟预测）As COVID-19 hit and the wrld went int varying levels f lckdwn (封锁), it became difficult fr researchers t knw what was happening in the cean. But nw, yu can jin the eOceans platfrm t help researchers gather data n ceans and cean ecsystems in real-time.
Dwnlading the eOceans app n yur smartphne and lgging what yu see when yu are n the cast r in the cean, including any animals, peple, pllutin r even an empty beach, yu can help researchers mnitr the wrld’s ceans. The app lets yu nte yur bservatins as well as uplad phts. This infrmatin is then linked t yur gegraphical lcatin and is made accessible t scientists studying that regin. Using eOceans data, researchers can remtely mnitr hw ceans and castal cmmunities wrldwide are happening, including in the cntext f the pandemic (疫情).
In reality, bservatins recrded thrugh eOceans are already prviding valuable insights. During Australia’s lckdwn, fr example, the largest grup f turtles in the cuntry’s histry was sptted by researchers using eOceans data. And in Hawaii, data frm the app suggests that clearer waters are assciated with a reductin in turists during the pandemic.
Negative impacts f the pandemic n the cean have als been picked up thrugh the app, including an increase in pllutin frm persnal prtective equipment, as well as pandemic-related interruptins t marine (海洋的) recvery fllwing a 2019 il leak in Brazilian waters. In future, data frm eOceans culd help enable early detectin f hazards (危害), such as il leaks, s that they can be dealt with sner, says Christine Ward-Paige, funder and chief scientist at eOceans.
“Till nw, mre than 1,000 peple have already jined the eOceans platfrm,” says Ward-Paige. “But mre data n wild life sptted alng castlines, as well as infrmatin n hw peple are using these spaces, are still needed.”
12. Hw can peple help researchers mnitr the cean thrugh the eOceans platfrm?
A. By dwnlading and bserving sme data f hazards.
B. By sptting and marking the previus marine recvery.
C. By cllecting and uplading timely ceanic infrmatin.
D. By detecting and reprting yur present gegraphical lcatin.
13. Which discvery has been made based n the eOceans data?
A. An il leak ccurring in Australian waters.
B. The largest turtle fund in Australia’s histry.
C. A factr cntributing t clearer waters in Hawaii.
D. A bm f turism appearing during the pandemic.
14. What is Ward-Paige’s attitude twards the future f eOceans platfrm?
A. Indifferent.B. Optimistic.
C. Dubtful.D. Anxius.
15. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. Keeping an eye n the cean.B. Caring abut the cean pllutin.
C. Shwing lve t castal creatures.D. Mnitring the quality f seawater.
5
（2023·四川成都·成都外国语学校校考模拟预测）Maeve Higgins nce set herself a task. The Irish-brn cmedian wanted t see what life wuld be like if she stpped laughing at things that weren’t funny. Turns ut it wasn’t as easy as she thught. “It was s hard,” she says. “ Laughter is a lubricant (润滑油) and is expected, and it’s really hard nt t d it.”
Higgins suggests there’s smething particularly special abut being part f the shared experience that is live cmedy — that curius magic that ccurs when peple cme tgether specifically t laugh.
Cmedy is mre than just a pleasant way t pass an evening, humur mre than smething t amuse. They’re interwven int ur everyday existence. Whether yu’re sharing an amusing stry at a party r telling a dark jke at a funeral, humur is everywhere. But what is it fr? And can humur, as cmedy, change hw we feel, what we think r even what we d?
As an essential part f human interactin, humur has been n the minds f thinkers fr centuries. One f the mst enduring theries f humur was put frward by the philspher Thmas Hbbes. It asserts that humur appears t make fun f the weak and exert superirity. While this is clearly the functin f sme cmedy, it’s far frm a cmplete explanatin fr the verall purpse f humur.
Fr sme cmedians, it’s nt just abut getting laughs — it’s abut changing what we think and maybe even what we d. If there’s ne cmic wh is really typical f this, it’s Jsie Lng. A scial justice activist and a cmedian, Lng has a reputatin fr delightful, ptimistic humur and strytelling.
As her career has evlved, she has cnsciusly put scial and plitical tpics at the heart f her act. She believes that cmedians have a rle t play in challenging sme f the mst pressing issues f the day.
British cmic Stephen K Ams sells ut venues seating thusands, year in, year ut. Ams firmly believes that when cmics cnsciusly deal with pressing r cntrversial （有争议的）scial issues like racism, they can reach peple n a much mre meaningful level than that achieved by briefly lifting smene’s md. And while it may be difficult t quantify, he says, the scial and psychlgical impact f cmedy deserves much greater recgnitin.
The research backs this up. Althugh the rle f cmedy is t be entertaining first and fremst, Sharn Lckyer, a scilgist wh studies humur, has identified a number f pssible ther functins. These include challenging steretypes (刻板印象).
Ams’s wrk frequently settles the issues f race by challenging steretypes.”I dn’t d things fr shck value,” he says. “ I d stuff that matters t me. In the ld days it was just abut ding jkes. We’ve mved n — peple are talking abut things that matter. ”
16. What d the first tw paragraphs mainly talk abut?
A. The benefits f laughing.
B. What a cmedian’s daily wrk is abut.
C. Why Maeve Higgins chse t be a cmedian.
D. Maeve Higgins’ understanding f the appeal f cmedy.
17. What des the underlined phrase in Paragraph 4 mst prbably mean?
A. Prtect the weak frm the evil.
B. Encurage peple t be strnger.
C. Be determined t imprve neself.
D. Shw yu are better than ther peple.
18. Accrding t the article, hw des cmedy have an effect n scial issues?
A. By gradually influencing peple’s attitudes.
B. By urging pliticians t try and slve the issues.
C. By quickly yet thrughly changing peple’s thinking.
D. By calling n the whle sciety t pay attentin t the issues.
19. Accrding t the article, cmedy includes the fllwing rles except ________ .
A. getting peple t laugh
B. prmting scial prgress
C. influencing peple’s ideas
D. making peple mre prductive
6
（2023秋·山西太原·高三太原五中校考期末）Research has shwn that disrupting ne's natural “mrning lark” (早起鸟) r “night wl” (夜猫子) tendency can result in immral behavir at wrk.
Wh desn't lve a flexible wrk schedule? Being able t make yur wn hurs, cme in when yu're ready and leave when yu're dne, step ut t attend a child's presentatin at schl, have a midday appintment, r even squeeze in a quick wrkut r nap as a guaranteed pick-me-up — flexibility greatly imprves ne's quality f life.
The benefits dn't stp there, hwever. Research has shwn that having flexible wrk hurs actually makes ne a better persn. Hw s? It's been fund that disrupted sleep patterns —in the frm f having t act utside f yur nrmal inclinatin t be a mrning “lark” r a night “wl” — can result in strange, unethical, and ut-f-line behavir.
Science jurnalist Linda Geddes said, “If yu dn't get enugh sleep, research suggests yu are mre likely t have unethical behavir, such as being mean, bullying yur fellw emplyees r falsifying receipts. But it's nt just wls: the larks tend t behave mre unethically in the evening, and wls in the mrning. S ideally, yu want t intrduce flexible wrking."
Emplyers wuld be wise t allw their emplyees t start whenever they feel ready — whether it's at the crack f dawn r at 11 a.m., and t allw breaks r pauses in the day as needed — because that wuld mean better prductivity, perfrmance, and behavir.
This shift is already happening, with the New Yrk Times recently reprting that 27 percent f US emplyers nw ffer the flexibility t wrk utside nrmal business hurs, up frm 22 percent in 2014; and 68 percent allw telecmmuting as needed (up frm 54 percent in 2014). With the natinal unemplyment rate at its lwest in 50 years, emplyers are having t becme mre cmpetitive in what they ffer wrkers, and flex-hurs seem like a n-brainer, highly beneficial t all.
20. What is mainly talked abut in Paragraph 2?
A. Ways t imprve life quality.
B. Peple's activities in their free time.
C. Methds t get a flexible wrk schedule.
D. The advantages f flexibility in wrk time.
21. What des the underlined wrd “inclinatin” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Judgment.B. Tendency.C. Reactin.D. Chice.
22. What is the effect t change peple's sleep pattern accrding t Geddes?
A. They will shw their nature mre easily.
B. They tend t suffer frm sleep prblems.
C. They tend t behave immrally in their wrk.
D. They will get mre flexibility in wrking time.
23. What d the figures in the last paragraph indicate?
A. The unemplyment rate is increasing.
B. Emplyers are getting mre free time.
C. Flexible wrking has been creating mre jbs.
D. Mre emplyers adpt a flexible wrk schedule.
7
（2023春·广西柳州·高三柳州市第三中学校考开学考试）Frm the very beginning f schl we make bks and reading a cnstant surce f pssible failure and public humiliatin. When children are little we make them read alud, befre the teacher and ther children, s that we can be sure they “knw” all the wrds they are reading. This means that when they dn't knw a wrd, they are ging t make a mistake, right in frnt f everyne. After having taught fifth-grade classes fr fur years, I decided t try at all csts t rid them f their fear and dislike f bks, and t get them t read ftener and mre adventurusly.
One day sn after schl had started, I said t them, “Nw I’m ging t say smething abut reading that yu have prbably never heard a teacher say befre. I wuld like yu t read a lt f bks this year, but I want yu t read them nly fr pleasure. I am nt ging t ask yu questins t find ut whether yu understand the bks r nt. If yu understand enugh f a bk t enjy it and want t g n reading it, that’s enugh fr me. Als I’m nt ging t ask yu what wrds mean.”
The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, wh had just cme t us frm a schl where she had had a very hard time, lked at me steadily fr a lng time after I had finished. Then, still lking at me, she said slwly and seriusly, “Mr Hlt, d yu really mean that?” I said just as seriusly, “I mean every wrd f it.”
During the spring she really astnished me. One day, she was reading at her desk. Frm a glimpse f the illustratins I thught I knew what the bk was. I said t myself, “It can’t be.” and went t take a clser lk. Sure enugh, she was reading Mby Dick, in editin with wdcuts. I said, “Dn’t yu find parts f it rather heavy ging?” She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip ver thse parts and g n t the next gd part.”
This is exactly what reading shuld be and in schl s seldm is, an exciting, jyus adventure. Find smething, dive int it, take the gd parts, skip the bad parts, get what yu can ut f it, g n t smething else. Hw different is ur mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap f “understanding” that can be dug ut f a bk!
24. Accrding t the passage, children’s fear and dislike f bks may result frm________.
A. reading little and thinking littleB. reading ften and adventurusly
C. being made t read t muchD. being made t read alud befre thers
25. Upn hearing the teacher’s talk, the children prbably felt that________.
A. it sunded stupidB. it was nt surprising at all
C. it sunded t gd t be trueD. it was n different frm ther teachers' talk
26. Which f the fllwing statements abut the girl is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. She skipped ver thse easy parts while reading.
B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
C. She learned t appreciate sme parts f the difficult bks.
D. She turned ut t be a tp student after cming t this schl.
27. Frm the teacher’s pint f view, ________.
A. children cannt tell gd parts frm bad parts while reading
B. children shuld be left t decide what t read and hw t read
C. reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in schl
D. reading invlves understanding every little piece f infrmatin
8
（2023春·重庆·高三开学考试）In Judgement Day, ne f the hit film series Terminatr, a cybrg(生化人) played by Schwarzenegger culd heal his skin wund magically, that is, he makes the skin repair itself in less than a secnd. Recently, accrding t Mirrr, a smart electrnic skin like it has been develped, which is as strng, stretchy and sensitive as humans’.
Previus attempts t "electrnically" cpy human skin have fallen shrt. Making suitably flexible electrnics that can perfrm delicate tasks while als enduring the bumps and scrapes f everyday life is challenging, and each material invlved must be carefully engineered. The previus sensr layer was t weak r t strng, reducing its durability, sensitivity r flexibility, which makes it mre likely t break.
With the develpment f 2D sensrs and hydrgel(水凝胶), scientists’ effrts paid ff, linking sensr layer with skin functinally and durably. Study authr Dr Jie Shen said, "Hydrgels are mre than 70 percent water, making them very cmpatible(相容的) with human skin tissues. By prestretching the hydrgel in all directins, applying a layer f nan（纳米）wires, and then carefully cntrlling its release, we created cnductive pathways t the sensr layer that remained cmplete even when the material was stretched t 28 times its riginal size. Meanwhile, skin electrnics kept changing at a spectacular pace."
This e-skin can sense temperature and tuch frm up t 8 inches away, react t things in under ne tenth f a secnd and repair itself mre than 5,000 times. The new inventin culd help mnitr a range f bilgical infrmatin, including changes in bld pressure. While the first prt f call is medical, the e-skin culd benefit a wide range f prducts ne day, such as mnitring the structural cnditin f furniture and planes.
28. Why is a cybrg in Judgement Day mentined in Paragraph l?
A. T intrduce the tpic.B. T infrm the backgrund.
C. T advertise the hit film.D. T recmmend Schwarzenegger.
29. What made the previus attempts fall shrt?
A. The delicate tasks.B. The unsuitable sensr layer.
C. The bumps and scrapes f everyday life.D. The cmpatibility with human skin tissues.
30. What can we infer abut the e-skin frm the last paragraph?
A. It can sense and react exactly like humans’ skin.
B. It may be used t check the cnditin f bridges.
C. It can make human beings live as lng as they want.
D. It will turn human beings int cybrgs that never die.
31. What’s the main idea f the passage?
A. Electrnic skin has a wide range f applicatins.
B. Hydrgel cntributes t develping electrnic skin.
C. Attempts t develp electrnic skin have fallen shrt.
D. Smart electrnic skin has been develped by scientists.
9
（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·牡丹江市第三高级中学校考三模）An artist in Oakland, Califrnia is using his skills t help the hmeless. Greg Klehn builds very small shelters that make life n the streets a little mre cmfrtable. The structures ffer the hmeless sme safety and prtectin frm bad weather. Each little huse als has wheels n the bttm s it can g wherever its wner ges.
Greg Klehn has given away at least 20 tiny huses. Several are n the radside near an active railrad. On a recent day, Mr.Klehn stps at ne t visit Oscar Yung. The tw men hug. Inside his little shelter Mr.Yung gets relief frm cld nights n the streets. Mr.Klehn als visits Sweet­Pea, anther friend wh als lives in ne f the little hmes the artist built. She says it keeps her safe and prtects her belngings.
In the mrnings, Mr. Klehn searches the streets fr building materials. He gathers what he can and takes it t his studi. There, he puts the huses tgether. Empty cffee bags becme rf material. A washing machine dr and refrigeratr part becme windws. Nails,screws and the sticky glue hld all the pieces tgether. The artist als attaches a small electrical device t the huse. The device is pwered by the sun.
Sme f the peple living n the streets nce had nrmal huses f their wn. But sme f the peple say they have learned t live with less and they are thankful t that man.
Mr.Klehn says his wrk is nt a scial prject. He says he is just smene using his skills t help his hmeless neighbrs.
32. The fllwing are the advantages f the small shelters EXCEPT ________.
A. saving pwer and energy
B. prtecting pssessins f the hmeless
C. decrating the streets where they are
D. keeping the hmeless safe and cmfrtable
33. We can learn frm the passage that ________.
A. Greg Klehn has sld at least 20 tiny huses
B. an act f kindness has made peple simple and grateful
C. the shelters are immvable
D. the gvernment has gt invlved in the actin
34. The passage is likely taken frm ________.
A. an fficial reprt
B. an art review
C. a science magazine
D. a news reprt
35. What’s the main idea f the passage?
A. An artist creates hmes fr the hmeless.
B. A mre cmfrtable shelter n the streets.
C. A successful scial prject in Oakland.
D. An artist makes a living by designing small shelters.
10
（2023·陕西·统考一模）Having wrked fr mre than a decade in finance in the il industry in Canada, Tri Fahey fund herself wanting mre frm life. But it wasn't thrugh desperatin that her circumstances changed: “I didn't get fed up and strm ff, nthing like that; it was curisity abut ther interests and wanting t experience smething new.”
Fahey left her jb and cmpleted an MBA befre setting up a mve t New Yrk t begin a degree. Hwever, the pprtunity f an pen year between the MBA and the degree came up, and as a keen turing cyclist, Fahey realised that a much dreamed-abut adventure was nw becming a pssibility: "The ride in Africa had been n my fantasy list. It was a mment when I realised that I culd d anything, s I shuld."
Fahey rde acrss Africa, a 7,500-mile trip that tk fur mnths. The whle experience had a life-changing impact. Fahey said: “Bicycles prvide a literal freedm. Yu dn't allw yurself t feel like that in everyday life because there are s many distractins. But when yu' re ut n the bike and there's nthing else, yu' re really free t experience what life is.”
Pst-degree, Fahey wrked n prjects with the UNDP(United Natins Develpment Prject) in Mntenegr with the aim f bringing investment t rural cmmunities.
It was while wrking n these prjects that the seeds were swn fr the next new investment. “It was thrugh my trip acrss Africa that I discvered pannier and rack systems incnvenient and I was never ging t use them again.” Little did she knw this wuld lead her t start up her wn cmpany.
In 2013, Apidura was brn, prducing strage slutins fr peple lking t travel the wrld by bike, race acrss cntinents and carry all they need t d s. It's nw a successful glbal brand, but Fahey remains reflective abut what else the cmpany can d fr peple.
36. Why did Fahey leave her jb in Canada?
A. She was bred with the jb.B. She was disappinted with life.
C. She wanted t add new dimensins t her life.D. She fund it hard t adjust t the circumstances.
37. Which can best describe Fahey's ride experience in Africa?
A. Demanding.B. Liberating.C. Eventful.D. Dangerus.
38. Why did Fahey launch Apidura?
A. T encurage bicycle traveling.B. T make her investment prfitable.
C. T help cyclists carry traveling stuff.D. T increase the pleasure f riding bikes.
39. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. A tugh path t fame.B. An adventure acrss Africa.
C. The benefits f green travelling.D. The stry behind the birth f Apidura.
11
（2023·湖南衡阳·衡阳市八中校考模拟预测）Amanda Kfeds had fund a strange lump in her arm ne day and visited a dctr at a friend's urging. During this time, she was enrlled in schl fr educatin and was currently uninsured due t the expense. She planned t save mney s she culd get n her husband' s insurance and then seek medical treatment fr the cancer.
Her friends and family didn't want her t pstpne her treatment due t the expense. They tk matters int their wn hands and started a GFundMe campaign. The friend came up with the creative idea t spread the wrd and invite family, friends, and strangers wh wanted t help t participate in a dnatin flash mb (快闪行动).The event started an utpuring f enrmus genersity frm the lcal cmmunity.
Amanda and her husband Clint teared up as the crwd passed by and the dnatins pured in. The generus act f kindness gave the family a cmfrting, and ptimistic feeling during a time when all hpe seemed lst. Clint said that Amanda struggled with the idea f asking fr help. She felt guilty and undeserving cmpared t thers wh are als struggling.
In the time since, Amanda has enrlled in an insurance plan and has finished chemtherapy. Life fr the family has started getting back t their nrmal rutine.
Once Amanda gt her strength back, she returned t schl and cmpleted her bachelr's degree in educatin. She is nw a teacher. She said the experience mtivated her t instill (灌输) the value f charity in her children. The family is nw inspired t vlunteer in their lcal neighbrhd and cntribute t crwdfunding (众筹) effrts. They are grateful fr the pprtunity t give back and help thers as many have helped them.
The cuple said they feel blessed by the strng supprt. PassItOn wants t celebrate thse heres during the family's darkest time. These individuals perfectly demnstrate the value f cmmunity. It is with the help f their genersity that the family is nw happy, healthy and whle.
40. Why did Amanda Kfeds pstpne her treatment?
A. She was admitted t a schl.
B. Her family culdn't affrd the medical cst.
C. N gd dctrs culd treat her cancer.
D. Her friends and family refused t assist her.
41. What did her friends d t help Amanda Kfeds?
A. They started a dnatin flash mb.
B. They funded a cmmunity schl.
C. They supprted her thrugh lcal hspitals.
D. They fught fr assistance frm the whle cuntry.
42. Which wrd best describes the cuple's feeling when strngly supprted?
A. Guilty.B. Satisfied.C. Anxius.D. Grateful.
43. What can we learn frm Amanda Kfeds' stry?
A. Hard wrk pays ff.
B. The value f charity is great.
C. Educatin is the key t success.
D. A friend is never knwn till a man has need.
12
（2023·湖北荆门·荆门市龙泉中学校联考二模）What limits yu frm hiking mre ften? Many cmplain that they dn't have a suitable partner t g with. Why nt take a lk at the great hiking clubs acrss Canada?
• Yukn Outdrs Club
Website: yuknutdrsclub.ca
Membership cst: $10 fr a single membership; $15 fr a family membership
Descriptin: The club arranges day hikes, backpacking trips, cane trips, muntain biking, crss-cuntry skiing trips, snwsheing trips and varius wrkshps fr members t gain new skills and valuable infrmatin.
• UBC Varsity Outdr Club
Website: ubc-vc.cm
Membership cst: Students $40； nn-UBC students $60
Descriptin: The UBC Varsity Outdr Club is a scial grup that hikes, muntaineers, rck climbs and ice climbs. Travel and utdr-minded UBC students and nn-students are welcme t jin. The UBC VOC has als cnstructed a few backcuntry cttages in the Cast Muntains.
• Pender Harbr Hiking Grup
Website: penderharburhiking.weebly. Cm
Membership cst: Free.
Descriptin: The Pender Harbr Hiking Grup ffers hikes scheduled tw mnths in advance, s get n the mailing list r check the website regularly t find a hike that's right fr yu! Hikes are usually ne and a half t tw hurs lng, but sme full-day hikes are scheduled, depending n members, interest.
• Vernn Outdrs Club
Website: vernnutdrsclub. Org
Membership cst: A single membership is $25, and students pay $10, Children are free.
Descriptin: Basting a membership f clse t 200 peple, the Vernn Outdrs Club is an active grup that enjys hiking and cycling. The grup rganizes a Tuesday Rambles event each week and als hsts multi-day trips.
44. Which club has built remte shelters fr hikers?
A. The Yukn Outdrs Club.
B. The Vernn Outdrs Club.
C. The UBC Varsity Outdr Club.
D. The Pender Harbr Hiking Grup.
45. What shuld yu d if yu hpe t hike with the Pender Harbur Hiking Grup?
A. Make a prper appintment.
B. Fllw the website r the mail.
C. Develp yur interest in hiking.
D. Arrange tw mnths ahead f time.
46. What d the fur clubs have in cmmn?
A. Bking in advance.
B. Charging membership fee.
C. Prviding skill wrkshps.
D. Organizing hiking activities.
13
（2023春·上海·高三复旦附中校考阶段练习）
E-cigarettes Ban:Gd news fr Tbacc?
The prpsed ban n flavred e-cigarettes may drive many Americans back t cigarettes,said Christpher Palmeri and Jeff Green in the Ls Ange Times.
Respnding t an utbreak f hundreds f serius lung illnesses frm vapes(电子烟)that killed a seventh persn this week, FDA(食物药品监管局)will utlaw everything but tbacc-flavred-cigarettes, as Michigan and New Yrk state recently did. Flavrs like buttered ppcrn and mang helped create "an explsin" in teen vaping. But hundreds f thusands f teens already addicted t nictine-and 9 millin adults wh vape--may simply replace vaping with tbacc prducts. By banning favred vapes the gvernment may be "clsing the shed dr after the hrse has gtten ut."
Nbdy vapes "because the flavr is s amazing," said David Marcus in The Federalist cm. That's why the ban is s clueless."If kids want t taste bubble gum,they can buy,yu knw,bubble gum." Vaping giants like Juul need t be hnest abut the fact that they’re in the nictine business, and mnitr themselves accrdingly. They shuld spend billins ensuring that stres dn’t sell t minrs instead f tuting the "scientific cnclusin"that e-cigarettes are safer than smking. The burning invlved in smking cigarettes creates tar and a bunch f chemicals nt present in e-cigarettes' watery vapr. True, but nictine is als a dangerus and addictive drug and vaping liquid itself cntains chemicals that damage bld vessels(血管)."The idea f safe smking" is"a lie," and the vaping industry's fruit- and candy-flavred pds" are prf f evil intent."
"The massive increase in teen vapers" is a reasnable cncern, said Rbert Gebelhff in Washingtn the evidence suggests that the lung illnesses that led the gvernment t act were caused by black-market prducts cut with dangerus substance.Banning favred vapes will nly drive mre nictine addicts and teens t the black market,which will be happy t prvide fruity pds. Instead f banning flavrs, the gvernment "shuld empwer the FDA t fully regulate the industry." That wuld let science,"nt panic,guide ur plicy."
47. What led t the prpsed ban n e-cigarettes?
A. Ppular flavrs like mang led t teen nictine addictin.
B. The lack f prper legal supervisin in the vaping industry.
C. An increased number f deaths resulting frm lung diseases.
D. The sharp increase in the sale f unhealthy tbacc prducts.
48. What might happen if the ban takes effect?
A. FDA wuld regulate the tbacc industry mre effectively.
B. The vaping industry wuld be mre strictly mnitred.
C. The evil intent f the vaping industry wuld be revealed.
D. The tbacc industry might regain its previus glry.
49. The underlined wrd "tuting"prbably means________.
A. PrmtingB. challengingC. assumingD. tlerating
50. What is the writer's attitude twards vape ban?
A. Supprtive.B. DisapprvingC. UninterestedD. Impartial.
14
（2023秋·湖南娄底·高三湖南省新化县第一中学校考期末）One night in March, five years ag, during happy hur at a bar in my hmetwn, I made a surprise annuncement t my friends: I was ging t shut dwn my law practice and attempt t travel arund the glbe in a year. What’s mre, I wuld d it withut taking any flights r making a single advance reservatin f any kind. My annuncement drew mixed reactins frm my friends. Sme ffered supprt and encuragement, while thers were mre dubtful.
Once I’d said the wrds, there was n turning back. It tk mnths t shut dwn my law practice and get things in rder. Once I set ff n my adventure in Octber 2016, I fund that travelling withut using planes was nt easy. Trying t circle the glbe in 16 mnths (it tk me a bit lnger than the initial 12 mnths I planned) made it even tugher. Even s, travelling verland was the mst awe-inspiring way t truly understand the immensity f ur wnderful planet.
I tk three cnsecutive vernight buses t travel 3,000 km thrugh Argentina, frm Ushuaia, the wrld’s suthernmst city, t the capital Buens Aires. I wuld lk ut the windws fr hurs n end at the cmpletely unspiled plains, as if humans had never tuched it.
It tk seven cnsecutive days and nights n trains t get frm Mscw t Beijing, each day spent gazing ut the windws fr hurs as the West Siberian Plain swept by. Smetimes, I wuldn’t see a village r a human being fr 10 hurs. Later in my jurney, it tk 22 days n a carg freighter t get frm New Zealand thrugh the Panama Canal and back t Philadelphia, t finish my rund-the-wrld adventure.
It turned ut that travelling with n reservatins was far less difficult than I had imagined. Pulling int a city n a bus with a backpack, lking in a guidebk fr a few suggestins f accmmdatins, and then finding an empty rm was never much f a prblem anywhere. It als kept me flexible and pen abut all my travel plans, which is advice I give everyne wh asks—plan far less than yu think yu shuld.
51. The authr’s trip was special in that .
A. he made it at the expense f giving up his jbB. it hardly cst him anything
C. he did nt make advance bking r travel by airD. it was a glbal trip
52. The authr mst prbably returned t the United States in .
A. June 2017B. December 2018
C. Octber 2017D. February 2018
53. What’s the crrect rder f the places that the authr travelled t?
①Mscw ②Philadelphia ③New Zealand ④Ushuaia ⑤Beijing ⑥Buens
A. ⑤④①⑥③②B. ④⑥①⑤③②
C. ④⑤①⑥③②D. ⑤①⑥④③②
54. What des the authr think f his arund-the-wrld tur?
A. challenging but pleasingB. dangerus but wnderful
C. bring and disappintingD. cstly and painful
15
（2023秋·江苏南京·高三南京市第三高级中学校考期末）Mther Nature is a cruel mistress. Why? Read n t find the answer.
Venice
This icnic city is sinking rapidly. The canals that make up the streets f Venice rise 2mm every year, making relics f histry g under the surface f water and destrying architecture. Experts warn that withut interventin(干预), this city will disappear back int the water at an even faster rate, cnsumed by rising sea level frm melting plar ice caps.
Machu Picchu
These icnic ruins have drawn adventurus turists int the muntains f Suth America.The frces f natural ersin(侵蚀)have been accelerated by turism and this landmark faces severe influence frm increasing ft traffic. The Peruvian gvernment recently suggested a cable car that wuld cut ut the intense hike up t the ruins, making the site instantly accessible t millins but the future f Machu Picchu remains uncertain.
Glacier Natinal park
Perhaps yu've heard that the ice caps are melting. But nwhere is mre apparent in the United States than in Glacier Natinal Park.Estimates indicate that the glaciers that are part f the beauty f this natinal landmark will disappear entirely in the next tw decades.
The Great Barrier Reef
Hidden frm view beneath the waves, the Great Barrier Reef has been rapidly dying ff. Nearly fifty percent f cral which nce ccupied a large area is gne,destryed by pllutin and disease.
55. What can we learn abut Machu Picchu?
A. It's famus fr cable cars.
B. It has n cnvenient traffic.
C. It's well preserved by the lcals.
D. It bears a heavy burden f turism.
56. Which place prbably needs visitrs t dive int the water t enjy its beauty?
A. Venice.B. Machu Picchu.
C. Glacier Natinal Park.D. The Great Barrier Reef.
57. What d the abve attractins have in cmmn?
A. They all have a lng histry.
B. They're all threatened by climate.
C. They're all in danger f disappearing.
D. They're all well-knwn fr natural scenery.
16
（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考一模）There has been a lt f publicity (宣传) recently surrunding 5G, the next generatin f wireless technlgy fr the wrld. But what is this technlgy and hw might it change ur lives?
What is 5G?
5G stands fr fifth generatin, meaning the next step in the prgressin f technlgy t replace the current 4G system. 4G was the replacement fr 3G, which came after 2G, and s n. These systems are wireless cmputer netwrks. Earlier “G” systems were designed t imprve mbile cmmunicatin peratins. Each new technlgy brught majr imprvements in speed and greatly increased netwrk capacity. The new 5G system prmises mre f the same. It is expected t permit mre users t d mre things-at a faster rate. Higher internet speeds and larger netwrk capacity shuld result in better perfrmance fr device users cnnected t 5G. Hwever, technlgy experts say there is a majr way that 5G is different than the earlier systems. It will mve well beynd mbile netwrk technlgy t affect many mre devices and industries than ther “G” versins.
When will it be available?
Befre we can all use 5G, wireless cmpanies and phne makers will have t cmplete and deply (部署) a whle new system. New phnes and cmmunicatin equipment must be built. American wireless cmpanies have been preparing fr the new system fr sme time. They have been creating new netwrk equipment and buying bradcasting space t carry 5G signals. They have built news G antennas(天线)t serve American cities and twns. Wireless prviders will invest at least $275 billin n 5G-related netwrks in the United States, the industry grup CTIA reprted. The first U.S, launch f 5G is expected t happen smetime this year. Industry experts expect it will take a few mre year t g natinwide. It will take even lnger t reach rural areas. China is expected t launch 5G smetime in 2020, while Eurpean natins are likely t build their systems mre slwly ver time.
58. Which system is widely used nwadays?
A. 5G.B. 2G.C. 3GD. 4G.
59. Which f the fllwing is NOT 5G system’s advantage t the ther Gs?
A. It will allw mre users t d mre things.B. The internet speed will be much higher.
C. The users will spend much less mney n it.D. It will affect mre devices and industries
60. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. 5G system has nthing t d with phne makers.
B. There is much wrk t d befre 5G cmes int use.
C. New phnes will be much smarter than thse used nw.
D. 4G system will be stpped as sn as 5G cmes int use.
61. In which rder will the fllwing cuntries use 5G system accrding t the passage?
A. USA→China→Eurpean natins.B. China→USA→Eurpean natins.
C. USA→Eurpean natins→China.D. Eurpean natins→China→USA.
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（2023秋·四川宜宾·高三四川省宜宾市第四中学校校考期末）If yur fingers get chilly all year rund—even in the peak f summer—yu’re nt alne. Many peple get cld hands during all f the seasns, due t a number f causes, frm genetic t chrnic illnesses.
Cmmn reasns include being elderly and thin. If yur hands are regularly cld r numb, hwever, it’s a gd idea t see a dctr t rule ut mre serius causes. Cld hands are ne f the symptms f bth anemia (贫血症) and hypthyridism (甲状腺机能减退). Diabetes, which reduces bld circulatin, can als trigger it. And if yur heart is weak frm heart disease, yur bdy may priritize sending bld t yur cre ver yur limbs.
Fr many thers, cld hands are a sign they have a largely harmless cnditin called Raynaud’s disease. When any f us ges ut in the cld, ur bdies activate the muscles in ur smallest bld vessels t make them even smaller—a survival mechanism t keep bld, and thus warmer temperatures, in ur cre. Fr peple with Raynaud’s, this reactin is t strng, and instead f just a bit less bld ging t their fingers, far t little gets there.
Raynaud’s is mre cmmn in wmen, and it mst ften develps befre the age f 30. In fact, if yu develp Raynaud’s when yu’re lder—usually after 40—it can be a sign f anther underlying issue. That culd be a smaller prblem—a previus incident f frstbite (冻伤) r a sign f a mre serius autimmune cnditin, like lupus (狼疮).
Fr the majrity f peple living with Raynaud’s, medicatin wn’t be necessary. Hwever, a rare, mre severe frm f Raynaud’s affects less than ne in 1,000 peple. In these cases, bld can becme cmpletely blcked, causing sres n the hands. If they g untreated, it can lead t gangrene (坏疽) and, very rarely, amputatin (截肢).
62. What’s the purpse f paragraph 1?
A. intrduce a tpicB. present an argument
C. describe the charactersD. clarify his writing purpse
63. Accrding t the text, which f the fllwing is nt the cause f cld hands?
A. diabetesB. heart diseaseC. agingD. besity
64. What d we knw abut Raynaud’s disease?
A. It appears when bld vessels in yur bdy verreact t high temperatures.
B. Males never suffer frm it befre the age f 30.
C. In sme cases, it can be a sign f sme health issues.
D. Fr mst peple, it is a serius health prblem.
65. What will the authr talk abut in the fllwing paragraph?
A. The reasns why peple have cld hands
B. Ways t treat Raynaud’s disease and prevent cld hands
C. Medical research n Raynaud’s Disease
D. Disadvantages f cld hands
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（2023·安徽安庆·高三安庆市第二中学校考阶段练习）In my secnd year f high schl, I tk my first cmputer science curse, which helped me realize I was interested in sftware. The idea f creating smething frm just lines f cdes and lgic was very fascinating. And I didn't put as much time int music as I used t, thinking practicing the pian was just a waste f time.
A year later, when I gt back n the pian, I quickly nticed my musical ear was nt as strng as it was befre. I culd n lnger hear the difference between a perfect 4th and a perfect 5th r between a D and D flat. Then I had a firm decisin t get my skills t where it used t be. After weeks f practicing, I didn't see much prgress. I was extremely discuraged and felt that I wuld have t accept that I n lnger will be able t play as well as I used t.
While watching hundreds f tutrials nline n hw t cde in Swift I came up with an idea. What if I used the knwledge I gained frm these tutrials t develp an app that wuld help train my musical ear. After hurs f cding, I develped an app that wuld play a different series f ntes, then the user wuld have t type in the crrespnding ntes t what they heard. When I was n the subway r had sme extra time I culd easily pen up the app n my phne and use it t help my musical ear. In abut 2 mnths, I regained the skills I lst.
This experience helped me see smething that I never nticed befre. Prgramming gives me a platfrm t express my ideas; in a similar way, playing the pian gives me a way t express my feelings. When playing thrugh a sng fr the first time I hear many errrs. Similarly, when I run my prgram fr the first time there are usually many mistakes. In bth f these cases, it takes patience t g thrugh each measure r line t hear r find the errr. I realized when I’m playing the pian I am als practicing my prgramming skills and vice versa.
66. What happened t the authr a year ag?
A. He realized his strength.B. He invented lines f cdes.
C. He develped anther hbby.D. He was t busy t practice pian.
67. Which f the fllwing can best describe the authr?
A. Determined and creative.B. Hard-wrking and gifted.
C. Easy-ging and generus.D. Independent and energetic.
68. What can we infer abut the authr frm the third paragraph?
A. He received musical training nline.
B. He imprved himself by studying nline.
C. He gt inspired frm the tutrials nline.
D. He made gd use f the app he dwnladed nline.
69. What can the authr learn frm the experience?
A. He came t realize it is imprtant t develp sme gd qualities.
B. He understd the meaning f the saying “practice makes perfect”.
C. He fund prgramming and playing the pian have smething in cmmn.
D. He felt it necessary t imprve himself in prgramming and playing the pian.
参考答案
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1. A 2. D 3. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了几种让人反感的发明。
1. 细节理解题。由文章第三段“Emticns began t ccupy screens crazily in 2011 and gained great ppularity, especially with yung men. It had been fur years since Fahlman first used a “smiley face” in a cmputer message.（表情符号在2011年开始疯狂占据屏幕，并获得了极大的人气，尤其是在年轻男性中。法尔曼第一次在电脑信息中使用“笑脸”已经过去四年了）”可知，表情符号开始占据屏幕是2011年，而法尔曼第一次在电脑信息中使用“笑脸”已经过去四年了，由此可以推出第一次出现表情符应是2007年的时候。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。由文章最后一段“It seems everyne has a Keurig cffee maker fr K-Cups. Jhn Sylvan invented the K-Cup, aimed at facilitating ffice life f white-cllar wrkers.（似乎每个人都有一个K-Cup的Keurig咖啡机。 约翰·塞尔万发明了K-Cup，旨在方便白领的办公室生活）”可知，K-Cup是为了方便白领的办公生活而发明的。故选D项。
3. 推理判断题。由文章第二段“Just as we wuld blame the inventr, the man humbly accepted his inventin isn’t ne f the best.（就像我们会责备发明者一样，这个人谦卑地接受了他的发明不是最好的）”，第二段“It shuldn’t have been created.（它不应该被创造）”，第三段“But the man has cme t hate what he has invented（但是这个人已经开始憎恨他所发明的东西 ）”，以及第四段“I feel bad smetimes that I ever did it（有时我为自己做过的事感到内疚）”可知，这四个发明的共同点是发明者都感到后悔。故选C项。
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4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】本文是新闻报道。一则令人震惊的新闻报道显示，超过五分之一的枫树物种面临灭绝，并警告说，75%的受威胁物种在其原生地受到“地理限制”。文章介绍了枫树濒临灭绝的原因和保护策略。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The trees are experiencing a vast decline in habitat, due t urban develpment, wd harvesting and agricultural expansin. Time is running ut fr the wrld's bidiversity. Every recent survey f plants and animals in the wild pints t this. This is happening nearly everywhere rarer maples exist. And because f climate change, the narrw habitats that supprt species at the edges f dry places and at the tps f muntains are quickly disappearing.(由于城市发展、木材采伐和农业扩张，这些树木的栖息地正在急剧减少。留给世界生物多样性的时间不多了。最近对野生动植物的每一项调查都指向这一点。这种情况几乎发生在所有稀有枫树存在的地方。而且由于气候变化，在干旱地区边缘和山顶支持物种的狭窄栖息地正在迅速消失)”可知，该段主要讲了由于城市发展，伐木和农业扩张，枫树面临生长地正在急剧减少的危险处境。故选B。
5. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The nly species fund in the UK, the field maple is nt under threat. Nt nly are the trees a ppular attractive feature in parks and public spaces, but they are a key part f the natural ecsystem in wdlands, as well as being an imprtant wd crp in several cuntries. Althugh the sugar maple in Nrth America, which prduces maple juice, is nt endangered, tw f the clsest relatives t the species are endangered.(作为在英国唯一发现的树种，野枫树并没有受到威胁。这些树木不仅是公园和公共空间中受欢迎的吸引人的特征，而且是林地自然生态系统的重要组成部分，也是一些国家的重要木材作物。虽然生产枫汁的北美糖枫树并不濒危，但该物种的两种近亲却濒临灭绝)”可知，作为在英国发现的唯一一种野枫树，它并没有受到威胁；生产枫汁的北美糖枫并没有濒临灭绝，两者共同之处是它们都没有灭绝的危险。故选C。
6. 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The reprt ntes that cnserving at-risk species in their natural habitat is the best cnservatin”以及后文“But cllectins in btanical gardens and seed banks-called "ex situ cllectins" can act as insurance plicies against extinctin.(但是在植物园和种子库的收藏——被称为“迁地收集”——可以作为防止物种灭绝的保险措施)”可知，报告指出，在自然生长地保护濒危物种是最好的保护策略，但是在植物园和被称为“迁地收集”的种子库的物种收集可以作为防止物种灭绝的保险策略。故tactic意为“策略；方法”，与apprach意思一致。A. Tpic.主题；B. Apprach.方法；C. Result.结果；D. Cnclusin.结论。故选B。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The reprt recmmends develping cnservatin plans, mnitring species currently nt at risk t ensure ppulatins are maintained, and adding thse missing maple species t seed banks.(该报告建议制定保护计划，监测目前没有危险的物种以维持数量，并将那些消失的枫树物种添加到种子库中)”可推知，该报告的主要目的是提出建议。故选A。
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8. D 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。英国音乐家Paul Bartn最近在泰国中部演出，希望能缓解新冠病毒危机带给动物的压力，带来了很好的反响。
8. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Bartn plays ften t the animals in Lpburi, an area knwn fr its ppulatins f wild mnkeys. The pianist hpes the music shws bring calm t the animals during the crna virus(COVID-19) crisis.)( Bartn经常和Lpburi的动物们玩耍，Lpburi是一个以野生猴子群而闻名的地区。这位钢琴家希望音乐表演能在冠状病毒疫情期间给动物带来平静)”可知，音乐家对着野生猴子演奏是为了帮助他们在新冠肺炎疫情期间保持镇静。故选D。
9. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The mnkeys quickly surrund Bartn when he plays Greensleeves, Beethven's Fur Elise and Michael Nyman's Diary f Lve.(当Bartn演奏《绿袖》、贝多芬的《致爱丽丝》和Michael Nyman的《爱的日记》时，猴子们很快就把他包围了)”可知，音乐家演奏的是古典音乐。故选B。
10. 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“The mnkeys quickly surrund Bartn when he plays Greensleeves, Beethven's Fur Elise and Michael Nyman's Diary f Lve.(当Bartn演奏《绿袖》、贝多芬的《致爱丽丝》和Michael Nyman的《爱的日记》时，猴子们很快就把他包围了)”以及画线词上文“I was glad and surprised t find that they were actually”以及后文“as I was playing it”可知，让Bartn高兴和惊讶的是，在他演奏音乐的时候，猴子真地在欣赏他的演奏。画线词指的是“欣赏他的演奏”。故选D。
11. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Bartn plays ften t the animals in Lpburi, an area knwn fr its ppulatins f wild mnkeys. The pianist hpes the music shws bring calm t the animals during the crna virus(COVID-19) crisis.( Bartn经常和Lpburi的动物们玩耍，Lpburi是一个以野生猴子群而闻名的地区。这位钢琴家希望音乐表演能在冠状病毒疫情期间给动物带来平静)”以及第三段“The disease has caused prblems fr the mnkeys, t. They are hungry. The restrictins n turism mean fewer peple cme t see the mnkeys and feed them.(这种疾病也给猴子带来了问题。他们挨饿。对旅游业的限制意味着更少的人来看猴子和喂它们)”可推知，新冠肺炎疫情给世界造成严重损害。故选C。
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12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。在疫情封锁的状态下，人们可以通过eOceans平台及时收集和上传海洋信息帮助研究人员监测海洋。
12. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Dwnlading the eOceans app n yur smartphne and lgging what yu see when yu are n the cast r in the cean, including any animals, peple, pllutin r even an empty beach, yu can help researchers mnitr the wrld’s ceans.”（在你的智能手机上下载eOceans应用程序，记录你在海岸或海洋中看到的东西，包括任何动物、人、污染，甚至是空旷的海滩，你可以帮助研究人员监测世界海洋。）和第一段最后一句“But nw, yu can jin the eOceans platfrm t help researchers gather data n ceans and cean ecsystems in real-time.”（但现在，你可以加入eOceans平台，帮助研究人员实时收集海洋和海洋生态系统的数据。）可知，人们可以通过eOceans平台及时收集和上传海洋信息帮助研究人员监测海洋。故选C。
13. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“And in Hawaii, data frm the app suggests that clearer waters are assciated with a reductin in turists during the pandemic.”（在夏威夷，应用程序的数据显示，更清澈的水与流感期间游客的减少有关。）可知，根据eOceans的数据，研究人员得出了一个有助于夏威夷水域更清澈的因素。故选C。
14. 推理判断题。根据倒第二段最后一句“In future, data frm eOceans culd help enable early detectin f hazards (危害), such as il leaks, s that they can be dealt with sner, says Christine Ward-Paige, funder and chief scientist at eOceans.”（eOceans的创始人兼首席科学家克里斯汀·沃德·佩奇说，在未来，来自eOceans的数据可以帮助人们及早发现危险，如石油泄漏，以便及早处理。）可知，克里斯汀·沃德·佩奇对eOceans平台的未来很乐观。故选B。
15. 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Dwnlading the eOceans app n yur smartphne and lgging what yu see when yu are n the cast r in the cean, including any animals, peple, pllutin r even an empty beach, yu can help researchers mnitr the wrld’s ceans.”（在你的智能手机上下载eOceans应用程序，记录你在海岸或海洋中看到的东西，包括任何动物、人、污染，甚至是空旷的海滩，你可以帮助研究人员监测世界海洋。）可知，文章主要是讲人们通过eOceans平台可以帮助研究人员监测世界海洋。故选A。
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16. D 17. D 18. A 19. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过Higgins对喜剧具有的吸引力的理解引出喜剧所具有的作用，包括让人开怀大笑、影响人们的想法和促进社会的进步。
16. 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Maeve Higgins nce set herself a task. The Irish-brn cmedian wanted t see what life wuld be like if she stpped laughing at things that weren’t funny. Turns ut it wasn’t as easy as she thught. “It was s hard,” she says. “ Laughter is a lubricant and is expected, and it’s really hard nt t d it.””（Maeve Higgins曾经为自己设定了一个任务。这位爱尔兰裔喜剧演员想看看如果她停止嘲笑那些不好笑的事情会怎样。事实证明，这并不像她想的那么容易。她说：“那太难了”。“笑是一种润滑剂，并且被人期待，要做到不笑真的很难”。）根据第二段的“Higgins suggests there’s smething particularly special abut being part f the shared experience that is live cmedy — that curius magic that ccurs when peple cme tgether specifically t laugh.”（Higgins提到作为现场喜剧的共享体验的一部分，这是很特别的东西，当人们特意聚在一起为了笑时，就会产生奇特的魔力。）由此可知，前两段主要讨论的是Maeve Higgins如何看待喜剧的魅力和吸引力的，即Higgins对喜剧具有的吸引力的理解。故选D。
17. 短语猜测题。根据划线短语前面的“ humr appears t make fun f the weak ”（幽默的作用似乎是为了取笑弱者。）and后面的内容是幽默的第二个作用，它应该与“取笑弱者”的感情色彩类似，而A项（保护弱者远离邪恶），B项（鼓励人们变得更坚强）和C项（决心提高自己）均不能与and之前的内容相匹配。由此可知，划线短语最可能的意思是“表明你比其他人更优秀”。故选D。
18. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Ams firmly believes that when cmics cnsciusly deal with pressing r cntrversial （有争议的）scial issues like racism, they can reach peple n a much mre meaningful level than that achieved by briefly lifting smene’s md. And while it may be difficult t quantify, he says, the scial and psychlgical impact f cmedy deserves much greater recgnitin.”（Stephen K Ams坚信当喜剧演员有意识地处理诸如种族主义之类的紧迫或有争议的社会问题时，喜剧演员所能带给人们的意义要比短暂提升某人的情绪要有意义得多。他说，尽管这可能难以量化，但喜剧对社会和心理的影响值得更多的认可。）由此可知，喜剧通过逐渐影响人们对某些问题的态度从而对社会问题产生影响。故选A。
19. 细节理解题。根据第五段的“Fr sme cmedians, it’s nt just abut getting laughs — it’s abut changing what we think and maybe even what we d. ”（对于一些喜剧演员来说，喜剧的作用不仅仅在于使人开怀大笑，还在于改变我们的想法，甚至改变我们的工作。）根据第六段的“As her career has evlved, she has cnsciusly put scial and plitical tpics at the heart f her act. She believes that cmedians have a rle t play in challenging sme f the mst pressing issues f the day. ”（随着事业的发展，她有意识地将社会和政治话题作为行为的核心。她认为，喜剧演员可以在挑战当今最紧迫的问题中发挥作用。）由此可知，喜剧的作用包括：让人开怀大笑、影响人们的想法和促进社会的进步，而文中并未提到D项（使人们更有工作效率）。故选D。
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20. D 21. B 22. C 23. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍改变人们天生睡眠模式的害处从而提出弹性工作时间的好处以及现在越来越多的雇主开始给员工实行弹性工作时间。
20. 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容以及第三段首句“The benefits dn't stp there, hwever.(然而，好处还不止于此。)”可知，第二段主要讨论了灵活的工作时间能够带来的好处。故选D。
21. 词义猜测题。文章第一段“Research has shwn that disrupting ne's natural “mrning lark” (早起鸟) r “night wl” (夜猫子) tendency can result in immral behavir at wrk.(研究表明，打乱一个人天生的“早起鸟”或“夜猫子”的习惯，可能会导致工作中的不道德行为。)”和第三段划线词后句“can result in strange, unethical, and ut-f-line behavir.(会导致奇怪的、不道德的和越轨的行为。)”可知，同样是指扰乱人们的睡眠模式或者睡眠倾向。所以inclinatin为“趋势，倾向”之意。故选B。
22. 细节理解题。根据首段以及第四段“Science jurnalist Linda Geddes said, “If yu dn't get enugh sleep, research suggests yu are mre likely t have unethical behavir, such as being mean, bullying yur fellw emplyees r falsifying receipts.(科学记者琳达·格迪斯说：“研究表明，如果你睡眠不足，你更有可能做出不道德的行为，比如变得刻薄、欺负同事或伪造收据。”)”可知，打乱人们的睡眠模式，人们得不到充足的睡眠，会在工作中表现出不道德的行为。故选C。
23. 推理判断题。上一段介绍了雇主应该采取的明智做法就是让员工在觉得准备好的时候上班，而本段首句则是承接上文，指出这种转变已经发生了，然后指出27%的美国雇主为员工提供灵活的工作时间，由此判断这些数字是用来证明更多的雇主在实行弹性工作时间。故选D。
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24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者作为老师为了改变学生讨厌读书的状况，鼓励学生只为乐趣而读，将读书变成了愉悦的过程。
24. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“When children are little we make them read alud, befre the teacher and ther children, s that we can be sure they “knw” all the wrds they are reading. This means that when they dn’t knw a wrd, they are ging t make a mistake, right in frnt f everyne. (当孩子们还小的时候，我们让他们当着老师和其他孩子的面大声朗读，这样我们就可以确保他们“知道”他们正在读的所有单词。这就意味着当他们连一个单词都不认识的时候，他们就会当着所有人的面犯错误)”可知，在众人面前犯错误会引起孩子的挫败感。由此推知，孩子们对书的恐惧和厌恶可能是由于被要求在别人面前大声朗读。故选D项。
25. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? (孩子们坐着目瞪口呆，一言不发。这是老师在说话吗？)”可知，孩子们很震惊。由此推知，老师的话听起来太过美好而不敢相信它是真的，故选C项。
26. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“I said, “Dn’t yu find parts f it rather heavy ging?” She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip ver thse parts and g n t the next gd part.”(我说：“难道你不觉得这本书中的一些章节太难吗？”她回答：“哦，当然，但我只是跳过这些部分继续下一个好的部分。”)”可知，当作者问这个女孩是否觉得某些章节太难时，女孩回答说她会跳过难理解的部分，继续看下一章精彩的部分。由此可知，她学会了欣赏困难书籍的某些部分。故选C项。
27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Find smething, dive int it, take the gd parts, skip the bad parts, get what yu can ut f it, g n t smething else.(找到一些东西，埋头去读它们，抓住好的部分，跳过坏的部分，从中得到你能得到的，然后再去读其他的。)”可判断出，从老师的角度看，应该让孩子们决定读什么和怎样读。故选B项。
8
28. A 29. B 30. B 31. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了最近科学家们经过多次尝试之后，研发出和人类皮肤一样强壮，有弹性和敏感的智能电子皮肤。
28. 推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“In Judgement Day, ne f the hit film series Terminatr, a cybrg played by Schwarzenegger culd heal his skin wund magically, that is, he makes the skin repair itself in less than a secnd.”可知，在热门电影系列《终结者》之一的《审判日》中，施瓦辛格扮演的生化人可以神奇地治愈伤口，即他可以在不到一秒钟的时间内完成皮肤修复。根据第一段的第二句“Recently, accrding t Mirrr, a smart electrnic skin like it has been develped, which is as strng, stretchy and sensitive as humans’.”可知，最近，根据Mirrr的说法，一种类似智能皮肤的电子皮肤已经被开发出来了，它具有与人类一样强壮，有弹性和敏感的特性。本句中的代词it代指上文电影中的生化人的皮肤，因此上文提到热门电影中的生化人是为了引出本文的话题。故选A。
29. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The previus sensr layer was t weak r t strng, reducing its durability, sensitivity r flexibility, which makes it mre likely t break.”可知，先前的传感器层太弱或太强，降低了其耐用性，灵敏度或柔韧性，使其更容易破裂。由此可知，使先前的尝试功亏一篑的是没有找到合适的感应层。故选B。
30. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“While the first prt f call is medical, the e-skin culd benefit a wide range f prducts ne day, such as mnitring the structural cnditin f furniture and planes.”可知，虽然第一个应用的领域是医疗服务，但是未来的电子皮肤可以使多种产品受益，例如监视家具和飞机的结构状况。由此可知，未来的电子皮肤可以用来监测事物的内部结构，可以推断出电子皮肤可能会被用来检测桥梁的情况。故选B。
31. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Recently, accrding t Mirrr, a smart electrnic skin like it has been develped, which is as strng, stretchy and sensitive as humans’.”可知，最近，根据Mirrr的说法，一种类似智能皮肤的电子皮肤已经被开发出来了，它与人类皮肤一样强壮，有弹性和敏感。由此可知，本文主要讲的是科学家们近期研发出了智能电子皮肤，并在下文中介绍了研发时所遇到的困难、突破和使用前景，所以D项“科学家们研发出了智能电子皮肤”符合文意。故选D。
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32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。全文讲述了一位艺术家用废旧物品制造小房子并捐赠给无家可归的人的故事。
32. 细节理解题。根据倒第三段最后一句“The device is pwered by the sun.(这个装置是由太阳供电的)”可知，这种小房子很省电，所以选项A是它的优势，排除选项A；根据第二段最后一句“She says it keeps her safe and prtects her belngings.(她说，这能保证她的安全，保护她的财产)”可知，这种小房子可以保护无家可归者的财产，所以选项B是它的优势，排除选项B；根据第一段第一句和第二句“Greg Klehn builds very small shelters that make life n the streets a little mre cmfrtable. The structures ffer the hmeless sme safety and prtectin frm bad weather.(Greg Klehn建造了非常小的庇护所，让街道上的生活更加舒适。这些建筑为无家可归者提供了一些安全保障，并保护他们免受恶劣天气的影响)”可知，这种小房子确保无家可归者的安全和舒适，所以选项D是它的优势，排除选项D；文中没有提到这种小房子可以起到装饰作用，所以选项C不是它的优势，故选A。
33. 细节理解题。根据倒第二段最后一句“But sme f the peple say they have learned t live with less and they are thankful t that man. (但一些人说，他们已经学会用更少的钱生活，他们对那个人心存感激)”可知，一个善举让人们变得简单和感恩。故选B。
34. 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“An artist in Oakland, Califrnia is using his skills t help the hmeless. (加利福尼亚州奥克兰市的一位艺术家正在用他的技能帮助无家可归的人)”可知，文章第一句就概括了全文，表明文章要讲的事情，所以这是新闻报道中的导语。根据最后一段“Mr.Klehn says his wrk is nt a scial prject. He says he is just smene using his skills t help his hmeless neighbrs. (克勒恩先生说，他的工作不是一个社会项目。他说，他只是一个用自己的技能帮助无家可归的邻居的人)”可知，这是转述受采访的人说的话。由此推知，这是一篇新闻报道。故选D。
35. 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句和第二句“An artist in Oakland, Califrnia is using his skills t help the hmeless. Greg Klehn builds very small shelters that make life n the streets a little mre cmfrtable. (加利福尼亚州奥克兰市的一位艺术家正在用他的技能帮助无家可归的人。Greg Klehn建造了非常小的庇护所，让街道上的生活更加舒适)”可知，文章主要是讲一位艺术家为无家可归的人建造家园。故选A。
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36. C 37. B 38. C 39. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了渴望体验新事物的Tri Fahey辞掉了工作，在接受MBA学位教育期间去非洲进行了自行车旅行，在旅途中感到很自由，还因此创办了自己的公司Apidura。
36. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Having wrked fr mre than a decade in finance in the il industry in Canada, Tri Fahey fund herself wanting mre frm life. But it wasn't thrugh desperatin that her circumstances changed: “I didn't get fed up and strm ff, nthing like that it was curisity abut ther interests and wanting t experience smething new.”(Tri Fahey在加拿大石油行业金融业工作了十多年，发现自己想从生活中得到更多。但她的情况并不是在绝望中改变的:“我并不是因为受够了而愤然离开，而是对其他兴趣的好奇，想要体验新事物。”)”可知，Fahey辞掉她在加拿大的工作是因为她想给她的生活增加新的维度。故选C。
37. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Fahey said: “Bicycles prvide a literal freedm. Yu dn't allw yurself t feel like that in everyday life because there are s many distractins. But when yu' re ut n the bike and there's nthing else, yu' re really free t experience what life is.”(Fahey说：“自行车提供了一种真正的自由。在日常生活中你不会有这样的感觉，因为有太多的干扰。但当你骑着自行车外出时，没有别的干扰，你就可以真正自由地体验生活。”)”可推知，Fahey在非洲的骑行经历很自由。故选B。
38. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中““It was thrugh my trip acrss Africa that I discvered pannier and rack systems incnvenient and I was never ging t use them again.” Little did she knw this wuld lead her t start up her wn cmpany.(“在我穿越非洲的旅途中，我发现pannier和rack系统很不方便，我再也不会使用它们了。”她当时根本不知道这会促使她创办自己的公司)”以及最后一段中“In 2013, Apidura was brn, prducing strage slutins fr peple lking t travel the wrld by bike, race acrss cntinents and carry all they need t d s.(2013年，Apidura诞生了，为那些想要骑自行车环游世界、跨大洲比赛并携带所需物品的人提供存储解决方案)”可知，Fahey创办Apidura是为了帮助骑自行车的人携带旅行物品。故选C。
39. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In 2013, Apidura was brn, prducing strage slutins fr peple lking t travel the wrld by bike, race acrss cntinents and carry all they need t d s. It's nw a successful glbal brand, but Fahey remains reflective abut what else the cmpany can d fr peple.(2013年，Apidura诞生了，为那些想要骑自行车环游世界、跨大洲比赛并携带所需物品的人提供存储解决方案。它现在是一个成功的全球品牌，但Fahey仍然在思考公司还能为人们做些什么)”结合文章主要讲述了渴望体验新事物的Tri Fahey辞掉了工作，在接受MBA学位教育期间去非洲进行了自行车旅行，在旅途中感到很自由，还因此创办了自己的公司Apidura，可知，这篇文章主要讲了Apidura诞生背后的故事。故选D。
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40. B 41. A 42. D 43. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Amanda 患癌后经济拮据，推迟学业，推迟治疗，她的朋友们知道后为她组织了快速众筹行动，亲人朋友们很快筹到钱治病。现在他们一家感恩，做志愿者回报社会。
40. 细节理解题。根据第一段“She planned t save mney s she culd get n her husband' s insurance and then seek medical treatment fr the cancer.(她计划省钱，这样她就可以买丈夫的保险，然后就可以为癌症看病了)”及第二段“Her friends and family didn't want her t pstpne her treatment due t the expense.(她的朋友和家人不希望她因为费用问题而推迟治疗)”可知，Amanda经济拮据，负担不起治疗费用。故选B项。
41. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The friend came up with the creative idea t spread the wrd and invite family, friends, and strangers wh wanted t help t participate in a dnatin flash mb (快闪行动). (有朋友想出了一个创意，想要传播这个消息，邀请想帮忙的家人、朋友和陌生人参加一个捐赠快闪会)”可知，朋友们为她举行了一下慈善捐款快闪行动。故选A项。
42. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“She said the experience mtivated her t instill (灌输) the value f charity in her children. The family is nw inspired t vlunteer in their lcal neighbrhd and cntribute t crwdfunding (众筹) effrts. They are grateful fr the pprtunity t give back and help thers as many have helped them.(她说这次经历促使她灌输慈善的价值给孩子们。现在全家被鼓舞当志愿者在当地社区,为众筹努力。他们很感激有机会回报别人，帮助别人，就像很多人曾经帮助过他们一样)”可知，Amanda夫妇很感恩。故选D项。
43. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“These individuals perfectly demnstrate the value f cmmunity. It is with the help f their genersity that the family is nw happy, healthy and whle.(这些人完美地展示了社区的价值。正是由于他们的慷慨相助，这个家庭现在才幸福、健康、完整)”并结合全文可知，全文主旨，慈善的价值是巨大的。故选B项。
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44. C 45. B 46. D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个可以提供徒步旅行的俱乐部。
44. 细节理解题。由文中第二部分UBC Varsity Outdr Club 介绍中“The UBC VOC has als cnstructed a few backcuntry cttages in the Cast Muntains.（UBC VOC在海岸山脉还建造了一些偏僻的村舍。）可知，只有UBC Varsity Outdr Club提到了为远足者建设了偏远的村舍。故选C项。
45. 细节理解题。由第三部分Pender Harbr Hiking Grup中“The Pender Harbr Hiking Grup ffers hikes scheduled tw mnths in advance, s get n the mailing list r check the website regularly t find a hike that's right fr yu!”（Pender Harbr远足小组提供提前两个月安排的远足，因此，请进入邮件列表或定期检查网站，以找到适合您的远足！）可知，该俱乐部的远足安排要关注网站或邮件，故选B项。
46. 推理判断题。由文中Pender Harbr Hiking Grup介绍中“Descriptin: The Pender Harbr Hiking Grup ffers hikes scheduled tw mnths in advance.”（ Pender Harbr远足小组提供提前两个月安排的远足）所以可推知是要提前订票安排的。 A项“Bking in advance.”（提前预定）可知文中并没有提到所有活动都要提前订票。同时该俱乐部介绍中“Membership cst: Free.”（会员费：免费）可知不收取会员费用，故B项“Charging membership fee.”（收取会员费）不对。 文中Yukn Outdrs Club介绍中提到“Descriptin: The club arranges day hikes, backpacking trips, cane trips, muntain biking, crss-cuntry skiing trips, snwsheing trips and varius wrkshps fr members t gain new skills and valuable. infrmatin.”（描述：俱乐部安排一日远足，背包旅行，独木舟旅行，山地自行车，越野滑雪旅行，雪鞋旅行和各种工作坊，供会员获得新技能和宝贵信息。）可知提到了获取技能。其他俱乐部未提及。故C项“Prviding skill wrkshps”（提供技能作坊）不对。根据• UBC Varsity Outdr Club中的“Descriptin: The UBC Varsity Outdr Club is a scial grup that hikes, muntaineers, rck climbs and ice climbs. ”描述:UBC Varsity户外俱乐部是一个社会团体，包括远足、登山、攀岩和攀冰。根据• Vernn Outdrs Club中的“Descriptin: Basting a membership f clse t 200 peple, the Vernn Outdrs Club is an active grup that enjys hiking and cycling.”描述:拥有近200名会员，弗农户外俱乐部是一个活跃的团体，喜欢徒步旅行和骑自行车。由此可知，四个俱乐部都组织徒步活动。故选D项。
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47. C 48. D 49. A 50. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国发布加香型电子烟禁令的原因以及对吸电子烟的人尤其是青少年以及电子烟行业和香烟行业的影响，同时作者也表达了自己对禁令和电子烟的看法。
47. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Respnding t an utbreak f hundreds f serius lung illnesses frm vapes(电子烟)that killed a seventh persn this week, FDA(食物药品监管局)will utlaw everything but tbacc-flavred-cigarettes...(由于电子烟造成的严重的肺病爆发，这个周内造成了7人死亡，作为回应，FDA宣布除了烟草味的烟，其余的烟都是不合法的)”由此可知，就是因为由于电子烟造成的死于肺病的人的增加，才有了对电子烟的禁令，故选C。
48. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The prpsed ban n flavred e-cigarettes may drive many Americans back t cigarettes(对有香味电子烟的禁令可能使美国人开始吸香烟)”以及根据第二段中“But hundreds f thusands f teens already addicted t nictine-and 9 millin adults wh vape--may simply replace vaping with tbacc prducts.(但是成千上万对尼古丁上瘾的青少年以及900万吸电子烟的成年人只会用烟草产品取代电子烟。)”由此可知，如果对电子烟的禁令生效，那么这些人会用烟草产品，那么烟草工业会更兴盛，烟草业可能会重拾昔日的辉煌，故选D。
49. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Vaping giants like Juul need t be hnest abut the fact that they’re in the nictine business, and mnitr themselves accrdingly. They shuld spend billins ensuring that stres dn’t sell t minrs instead f tuting the "scientific cnclusin"that e-cigarettes are safer than smking.(像Juul这样的电子烟大企业要知道他们也是尼古丁产业，也要依照禁令监督自己。他们应该花钱来确保商店不向未成年人出售电子烟，而不是tut电子烟比吸烟更安全这个“科学论断”。)”结合选项，可知，作为电子烟企业，在没有禁令之前，在宣传自己产品时，会“推销”电子烟比吸烟更安全这个“科学论断”，“tuting”意思是推销，故选A。
50. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“By banning favred vapes the gvernment may be "clsing the shed dr after the hrse has gtten ut."(禁止香味电子烟，政府就像“马出来后关上棚门”)”可知作者认为这个禁令没有意义。再结合第三段中“Nbdy vapes "because the flavr is s amazing," said David Marcus in The Federalist cm.That's why the ban is s clueless( David Marcus在The Federalist网站上说，没有人吸电子烟是因为它不错的味道。这是禁令毫无根据的原因。)”可知作者认为禁令毫无根据。以及最后一段中“Instead f banning flavrs, the gvernment "shuld empwer the FDA t fully regulate the industry.(与其禁止带香味的电子烟，政府不如授权给FDA来全面地规范这个行业。)”综合可推断作者对禁令是不赞同的态度，故选B。
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51. C 52. D 53. B 54. A
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲了作者在没有任何计划的前提下进行了环球旅行，结果证明毫无准备地旅行比想象的要容易得多。
51. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What’s mre, I wuld d it withut taking any flights r making a single advance reservatin f any kind.(此外，我也不会乘坐任何航班，也不会提前预订任何种类的机票)”可知，作者旅行的特别之处是没有提前预定，也没有坐飞机。故选C。
52. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Once I set ff n my adventure in Octber 2016, I fund that travelling withut using planes was nt easy. Trying t circle the glbe in 16 mnths (it tk me a bit lnger than the initial 12 mnths I planned) made it even tugher.(当我在2016年10月开始我的冒险之旅时，我发现不使用飞机旅行并不容易。试着在16个月内绕地球一周〔这比我最初计划的12个月要长一些〕让事情变得更加困难)”由此可知，作者2016年10月出发，16个月后返回，即作者最有可能在2018年2月回到美国。故选D。
53. 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“I tk three cnsecutive vernight buses t travel 3,000 km thrugh Argentina, frm Ushuaia, the wrld’s suthernmst city, t the capital Buens Aires. (我连续乘坐了三趟通宵巴士，从世界最南端的城市乌斯怀亚到首都布宜诺斯艾利斯，穿越阿根廷3000公里)”、第四段第一句“It tk seven cnsecutive days and nights n trains t get frm Mscw t Beijing (从莫斯科到北京坐了连续七天的火车)”及第四段最后一句“Later in my jurney, it tk 22 days n a carg freighter t get frm New Zealand thrugh the Panama Canal and back t Philadelphia, t finish my rund-the-wrld adventure. (在我后来的旅程中，我用了22天的时间乘坐货轮从新西兰穿过巴拿马运河回到费城，完成了我的环球冒险)”可知，作者的旅行路线是乌斯怀亚，布宜诺斯艾利斯，莫斯科，北京，新西兰，费城。故选B。
54. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I fund travelling withut using planes was nt easy.”可知，作者在2008年12月开始他的冒险之旅时，他发现不坐飞机旅行并不容易；结合最后一段中“It turned ut that travelling with n reservatins was far less difficult than had imagined. Pulling int a city n a bus with a backpack, lking in a guidebk fr a few suggestins f accmmdatins, and then finding an empty rm was never much f a prblem anywhere.(没有计划的旅行远没有想象中那么困难，带着背包坐公交车进城，在旅游指南上寻找一些住宿建议，然后找到一个住处在任何地方都不是什么大问题)”可推知，作者的态度是积极的，认为虽然旅行有一定挑战性，但总体上是愉快的。故选A。
15
55. D 56. D 57. C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了面临着消失危险的四个著名景点。
55. 细节理解题。根据Machu Picchu部分下的The frces f natural ersin(侵蚀)have been accelerated by turism and this landmark faces severe influence frm increasing ft traffic. The Peruvian gvernment recently suggested a cable car that wuld cut ut the intense hike up t the ruins, making the site instantly accessible t millins but the future f Machu Picchu remains uncertain.(旅游业加速了自然侵蚀，这个具有里程碑意义的地方正面临着步行带来的严重影响。秘鲁政府最近建议使用缆车，这样就可以减少到遗址的徒步旅行，让数百万人立即进入遗址，但马丘比丘的未来仍不确定。)可知，因为巨大的旅游负担，马丘比丘遗址受到了人类步行参观时所带来的毁灭性影响。D. It bears a heavy burden f turism.(它承受着旅游业带来的巨大压力。)符合以上说法，故选D项。
56. 推理判断题。根据The Great Barrier Reef部分下的Hidden frm view beneath the waves, the Great Barrier Reef has been rapidly dying ff.(隐藏在波浪之下，大堡礁正在迅速消亡。)可推测，游客需要潜入海中才能领略大堡礁的美。故选D项。
57. 细节理解题。根据Venice部分下的This icnic city is sinking rapidly.和this city will disappear back int the water at an even faster rate可知，威尼斯正在迅速下沉，将以很快的速度被海水淹没；根据Machu Picchu部分下的The frces f natural ersin(侵蚀)have been accelerated by turism and this landmark faces severe influence frm increasing ft traffic.可知，过重的旅游负担正在加速马丘比丘的自然侵蚀；根据Glacier Natinal park部分下的Perhaps yu’ve heard that the ice caps are melting.可知，冰川国家公园正在融化；根据The Great Barrier Reef部分下的Hidden frm view beneath the waves, the Great Barrier Reef has been rapidly dying ff. 可知，大堡礁正在迅速消亡。即文章提到的四个景点所面临的共同问题是，它们都有消失的危险。C. They’re all in danger f disappearing.(它们都面临着消失的危险)符合以上说法，故选C项。
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58. D 59. C 60. B 61. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上的下一代无线技术——5G，解释了什么是5G，5G的一些优势以及何时可以投入使用的问题。
58. 推理判断题。根据第三段中5G stands fr fifth generatin, meaning the next step in the prgressin f technlgy t replace the current 4G system.可知5G代表第五代，意味着技术进步的下一步将取代目前的4G系统。由此可推知，目前广泛使用的是4G。故选D。
59. 细节理解题。根据第三段中It is expected t permit mre users t d mre things-at a faster rate. Higher internet speeds and larger netwrk capacity shuld result in better perfrmance fr device users cnnected t 5G. Hwever, technlgy experts say there is a majr way that 5G is different than the earlier systems. It will mve well beynd mbile netwrk technlgy t affect many mre devices and industries than ther “G” versins.可知它有望允许更多的用户以更快的速度做更多的事情。更高的网速和更大的网络容量将为连接到5G的设备用户带来更好的性能。然而，技术专家表示，5G与早期系统有一个主要的不同之处。与其他“G”版本相比，它将远远超越移动网络技术，影响更多的设备和行业。由此可知，5G系统相对于其他系统的优势有它将允许更多的用户做更多的事情、网速将会高得多以及它将影响更多的设备和行业，除了C选项“用户在这上面花的钱会少得多”文章没有提到。故选C。
60. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Befre we can all use 5G, wireless cmpanies and phne makers will have t cmplete and deply (部署) a whle new system. New phnes and cmmunicatin equipment must be built. (在我们都能使用5G之前，无线公司和手机制造商必须完成并部署一套全新的系统。必须制造新的电话和通讯设备)以及后文Industry experts expect it will take a few mre year t g natinwide. It will take even lnger t reach rural areas. China is expected t launch 5G smetime in 2020, while Eurpean natins are likely t build their systems mre slwly ver time.可知行业专家预计还需要几年时间才能推广到全国。农村地区将需要更长的时间。中国预计将在2020年的某个时候推出5G，而随着时间的推移，欧洲国家可能会放慢其系统的建设速度。由此可推知，在5G投入使用之前还有很多工作要做。故选B。
61. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中The first U.S, launch f 5G is expected t happen smetime this year. Industry experts expect it will take a few mre year t g natinwide. It will take even lnger t reach rural areas. China is expected t launch 5G smetime in 2020, while Eurpean natins are likely t build their systems mre slwly ver time.可知在美国，5G预计将在今年的某个时候推出。行业专家预计还需要几年时间才能推广到全国。农村地区将需要更长的时间。中国预计将在2020年的某个时候推出5G，而随着时间的推移，欧洲国家可能会放慢其系统的建设速度。由此可知，5G系统的使用顺序为：美国→中国→欧洲国家。故选A。
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62. A 63. D 64. C 65. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，如果你的手指一年四季都在发冷，可能是得了雷诺氏病，解释了它的原因、症状、发病群体。
62. 推理判断题。由第一段“If yur fingers get chilly all year rund—even in the peak f summer—yu’re nt alne. Many peple get cld hands during all f the seasns, due t a number f causes, frm genetic t chrnic illnesses.”（如果你的手指一年四季都在发冷，即使是在盛夏时节，你也不孤单。许多人在整个季节都会手感冰冷，原因有很多，从遗传病到慢性病。），可推断出第一段的内容是为下文做铺垫，为了介绍一个疾病话题。故选A项。
63. 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Cmmn reasns include being elderly and thin.”（常见的原因包括年老体瘦。）和“Cld hands are ne f the symptms f bth anemia (贫血症) and hypthyridism (甲状腺机能减退). Diabetes, which reduces bld circulatin, can als trigger it. And if yur heart is weak frm heart disease, yur bdy may priritize sending bld t yur cre ver yur limbs.”（手冰冷是贫血和甲状腺功能减退的症状之一。糖尿病会减少血液循环，也会引发手冰冷。如果你的心脏因为心脏病而虚弱，你的身体可能会优先把血液输送到你的心脏而不是四肢。），可知年纪大、偏瘦、糖尿病和心脏病是导致双手冰冷的原因，文章并未提及肥胖导致双手冰冷。故选D项。
64. 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Raynaud’s is mre cmmn in wmen, and it mst ften develps befre the age f 30. In fact, if yu develp Raynaud’s when yu’re lder—usually after 40—it can be a sign f anther underlying issue.”（雷诺氏病在女性中更为常见，最常在30岁之前发病。事实上，如果你在40岁以后得雷诺氏病的话，这可能是另一个潜在问题的征兆。），可知在某些情况下，雷诺氏病可能是一些健康问题的征兆。故选C项。
65. 推理判断题。由最后一段“Fr the majrity f peple living with Raynaud’s, medicatin wn’t be necessary. Hwever, a rare, mre severe frm f Raynaud’s affects less than ne in 1,000 peple. In these cases, bld can becme cmpletely blcked, causing sres n the hands. If they g untreated, it can lead t gangrene (坏疽) and, very rarely, amputatin (截肢).”（对于大多数雷诺氏病患者来说，药物治疗是不必要的。然而，一种罕见的，更严重的雷诺氏病影响不到千分之一的人。在这种情况下，血液会完全阻塞，导致手部疼痛。如果他们得不到治疗，可能会导致坏疽和截肢。），可知本段主要讲不同雷诺氏病患者，有的不需要治疗，有的不治疗，后果严重，可推断出在下一段中，作者可能会谈论雷诺氏病的治疗及预防手部冰冷的方法。故选B项。
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66. C 67. A 68. C 69. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者一年前发现自己对软件很感兴趣，觉得编程很吸引人，但是一年后作者回到弹奏钢琴上后，发现乐感不如以前好了。练习了几周也没有进步于是非常沮丧，这时作者从网上的编程教程得到灵感，开发了一款应用程序，可以帮助训练乐感，这次经历也让作者意识到编程和钢琴二者是有共同点的。
66. 细节理解题。根据第一段中In my secnd year f high schl, I tk my first cmputer science curse, which helped me realize I was interested in sftware. The idea f creating smething frm just lines f cdes and lgic was very fascinating.可知在我高二的时候，我上了我的第一节计算机科学课，这让我意识到我对软件很感兴趣。仅仅从代码行和逻辑中创造一些东西的想法是非常吸引人的。以及第二段中A year later, when I gt back n the pian, I quickly nticed my musical ear was nt as strng as it was befre.可知一年后，当我回到钢琴上时，我很快发现我的乐感不如以前那么强了。由此可知，一年前作者发展了另一个爱好。故选C。
67. 推理判断题。根据第二段中Then I had a firm decisin t get my skills t where it used t be.(然后我下定决心要把我的技能提高到以前的水平)以及第三段中While watching hundreds f tutrials nline n hw t cde in Swift I came up with an idea. What if I used the knwledge I gained frm these tutrials t develp an app that wuld help train my musical ear. After hurs f cding, I develped an app that wuld play a different series f ntes, then the user wuld have t type in the crrespnding ntes t what they heard.(在网上看了数百个如何用Swift编码的教程后，我有了一个想法。如果我用这些教程学到的知识来开发一个应用程序，来帮助训练我的乐感会怎么样呢？经过几个小时的编码，我开发了一个应用程序，可以播放一系列不同的音符，然后用户必须根据他们听到的内容输入相应的音符)由此可推知，作者下定决心提高技能和用学到的知识开发了一个应用程序，可知作者是个有决心和创造力的人。故选A。
68. 推理判断题。根据第三段中While watching hundreds f tutrials nline n hw t cde in Swift I came up with an idea. What if I used the knwledge I gained frm these tutrials t develp an app that wuld help train my musical ear.可知在网上看了数百个如何用Swift编码的教程后，我有了一个想法。如果我用这些教程学到的知识来开发一个应用程序，来帮助训练我的乐感会怎么样呢？由此可推知，作者从网上的教程中获得了灵感。故选C。
69. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中In bth f these cases, it takes patience t g thrugh each measure r line t hear r find the errr. I realized when I’m playing the pian I am als practicing my prgramming skills and vice versa.可知在这两种情况下，需要耐心地去仔细检查每一小节或每一行，才能听到或找到错误。我意识到，当我弹钢琴的时候，我也在练习我的编程技巧，反之亦然。由此可知，作者能从这次经历中发现编程和弹钢琴有一些共同之处。故选C。考点考向
细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解, 特点是题干针对原文提到的某事物、现象或理论进行发问。
考查方式
命
题
方
式
1. 特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, wh, hw much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题;
2. 以是非题的形式。true/false, nt true/false或EXCEPT, 近年来这种题型较少;
3. 以Accrding t. . . 开头提问方式;
4. 以填空题的形式;
5. 就文中年代数字、排序、识图等提问
选
项
特
征
1. 正确选项的特征
同义替换: 对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换; 词性或者语态发生变化
语言简化: 把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化, 设置为答案
正话反说: 把原文中的意思反过来表达
2. 干扰选项的特征
张冠李戴: 是原文信息, 但不是题目要求的内容
无中生有: 符合常识, 但不是文章的内容
曲解文意: 与原文的内容极其相似, 只是在某个细节处有些变动
颠倒是非: 在意思上与原文大相径庭
正误参半: 部分正确, 部分错误
晓解题捷径
抓住文本中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键。一般采用寻读法。解题分三步
第一步: 读题干, 抓住关键词;
第二步: 带着问题快速阅读短文, 找出与问题有关的词语或句子;
第三步: 仔细对比选项和原文信息, 继而找出答案。