资料中包含下列文件，点击文件名可预览资料内容
还剩12页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：2025年高考英语【重点·难点】专练（新高考专用）
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
重难点03 阅读理解细节理解题-2025年高考英语 （原卷版+解析版）
展开
这是一份重难点03 阅读理解细节理解题-2025年高考英语 （原卷版+解析版），文件包含重难点03阅读理解细节理解题-2025年高考英语热点·重点·难点专练新高考专用原卷版docx、重难点03阅读理解细节理解题-2025年高考英语热点·重点·难点专练新高考专用解析版2docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共38页， 欢迎下载使用。
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
分析今年高考题可知，细节理解类题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
预计2024年高考细节理解题仍旧占比7-8题。
近3年新高考细节理解数据分析
掌握技巧,灵活运用
(1)细心审题,直接就题找答案提取“带着问题找答案”的方法,先从问题中抓住关键性尚(题眼),然后以此为线索运用略读及查读的技巧快速:得在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句, 仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案。
(2)变通理解,间接转述找答案
细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述,命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生,即对原句细微处做改动,摘取原文词语或结构进行改造,因果倒置,把A的观点说成B的观点等。
(3)多点归纳,综合事实找答案
细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息,而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时,一定要全面捕捉相关信息,进行综合分析、归纳,切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。
明确干扰,破除陷阱
(1)扩大或缩小范围
文章为了表达准确严密,经常通过加上相应的词语限制如涉及数量时常用many,almst all,nearly, mre than, ver, nly afew,nrmally等限制。有些干扰项改变或去掉限定词语,甚至是扩大或缩小语言范围。
(2)偷换概念
命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。
(3)正误并存
在干扰项中,某个句子或词语是正确的,其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面,正误并存,命题者常会借此以假乱真。
典例分析
典例一
（2023·新高考I卷B 篇）When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
1．What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．He was fnd f traveling.B．He enjyed being alne.
C．He had an inquiring mind.D．He lnged t be a dctr.
2．Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A．T feed the animals.B．T build an ecsystem.
C．T prtect the plants.D．T test the ec-machine.
【答案】1．C 2．D
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
典例二
（2023·新高考II卷B 篇）Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
5．What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A．She used t be a health wrker.B．She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C．She wns a fast fd restaurant.D．She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
【答案】5．D
5．细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Spruts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Spruts的发起者。故选D。
（建议用时：8分钟/篇）
1.（2023·江苏·统考模拟预测）A vast majrity f peple usually argue that cycling can make a significant cntributin t ur wrld. In reality, there is a gap between desired and actual numbers. In Germany, fr instance, nly 20% f the everyday shrt-distance trips are cvered by bicycle. When enquiring abut the causes, researchers fund ne pint repeatedly tps the list: the perceived r ptential risk n the bike rutes used. Increasing the share f cycling trips thus depends crucially n well-develped bike paths.
Hwever, designing efficient bike path netwrks is a cmplex task that invlves balancing a variety f limitatins while meeting verall demand. In additin, many districts are cnfrnted with a shrtage f funds available fr imprving the infrastructure. Researchers prpse a new apprach t generating efficient bike path netwrks. This cnsiders demand distributin and the rute ptin f cyclists based n preferences fr secure utings. Typically, minimizing the travel distance is far frm the slely gal. Aspects such as attractiveness f a rute are als taken int accunt.
Under real cnditins, a bike path netwrk is created by cnstantly adding bike paths t mre streets. This time, researchers start with an ideal, cmplex netwrk, in which all streets in a city are equipped with a bike path. In a virtual prcess, they gradually remve less used bike path sectins frm this netwrk. The rute selectin f cyclists is cntinuusly updated. Thus, a series f bike path netwrks is created and is always adapted t the current usage. Each stage f it crrespnds t a variant that culd be carried ut with less financial supprt.
“We illustrate the applicability f this demand-driven planning fr crwded urban areas f Dresden and Hamburg,” explains researcher Christph Steinacker. “We are appraching a real-life issue here using the theretic tlbx f netwrk dynamics and cmpare efficient bike path netwrks under different cnditins.”
1．Why d peple rarely cycle?
A．They think f cycling as inefficient.B．They usually take lng-distance trips.
C．They’re cncerned abut the security.D．They’re unable t find special bike rads.
2．What is a challenge fr gd bike path netwrks?
A．Tight budgets.B．Cmplex rutes.
C．Maximized travel distance.D．Decreasing cycling demand.
3．What can be learned abut the planning put frward by researchers?
A．It will be updated nce in a while.B．It is cntrary t the real-life design.
C．It ensures every street has a bike path.D．It serves as a mdel fr ther districts.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Gd Planning Gets the Bike RllingB．A gd Netwrk Benefits Mre Peple
C．Cycling Paths Change Crwded Urban AreasD．A New Cncept Cntributes t a Better Wrld
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者通过研究如何建立发达的自行车道路网来提高自行车出行。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In Germany, fr instance, nly 20% f the everyday shrt-distance trips are cvered by bicycle. When enquiring abut the causes, researchers fund ne pint repeatedly tps the list: the perceived r ptential risk n the bike rutes used.(比如说，在德国，每天的短距离行程中，只有20%是骑自行车出行。当被问及其原因时，研究者发现其中一个一直高居榜首：骑行路线的感知风险和潜在风险。)”可知，很少有人选择自行车出行是因为他们担心感知风险和潜在风险的存在，担心安全问题，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Hwever, designing efficient bike path netwrks is a cmplex task that invlves balancing a variety f limitatins while meeting verall demand. In additin, many districts are cnfrnted with a shrtage f funds available fr imprving the infrastructure.(然而，设计高效的自行车路线网络是一个复杂的任务，它包括平衡一系列限制的同时，还要满足全面的需求。而且，很多地区面临着提升设施的可用资金的短缺问题。)”可知，建立好的自行车道路网所遇到的挑战是资金短缺，预算紧张的问题，故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“This time, researchers start with an ideal, cmplex netwrk, in which all streets in a city are equipped with a bike path. In a virtual prcess, they gradually remve less used bike path sectins frm this netwrk. The rute selectin f cyclists is cntinuusly updated. Thus, a series f bike path netwrks is created and is always adapted t the current usage.(这一次，研究者想出了一个理想的、复杂的道路网络，城市里所有街道都配备一条自行车道。在现实过程中，他们逐渐地从网络里移除了使用较少的自行车道。骑行者对道路的选择也在不断更新中。因此，就创造出了一系列的自行车道路网，它也总是在适应当前的使用状况。)”可推知，研究者提出的计划道路网是每个城市里所有街道都配备一条自行车道，但在实际过程中，却因为一些自行车道使用较少，而不得不逐渐减少它们，故研究者提出的计划与实际生活中的设计截然不同，故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段末句“Increasing the share f cycling trips thus depends crucially n well-develped bike paths.(因此，增加自行车出行的比例至关重要地取决于发达的自行车道。)”以及后文对如何建立发达的自行车道可知，本文主要围绕通过建立发达的自行车道来鼓励人们骑行，故A项“好的计划能让自行车运转起来”符合文章标题，故选A。
2.（2023·浙江温州·统考一模）Five-year-ld Mustafa is smiling fr the first time in ages. She did nt receive a new ty r her favrite candy; rather, she gt a wig (假发).
Mustafa had t g thrugh painful prcedures after being diagnsed (诊断) with cancer at an early age. Her father expressed her sadness when she lst her hair after mnths f chemtherapy (化疗). “She saw children her age jumping in playgrunds and spending hurs styling their hair, while she culdn’t. Lsing her hair made her hpeless, negatively impacting her respnse t treatment,” the girl’s father said.
Cming frm a less frtunate family, Mustafa nw sits in a humble hairdresser’s in Cair, sliding her fingers thrugh her new lng hair as she lks in the mirrr with fresh enthusiasm. Behind that smile and renewed cnfidence is Salam, frm Egypt, wh has been persnally funding and designing free wigs fr children with cancer t give them pwer t defeat their illness.
Salam tk up his missin when he saw a viral vide n scial media f a yung cancer patient wh was excited at receiving a new wig. It was the mment when he decided t prvide free wigs t children with cancer t lift up their spirits. “Many families can barely affrd expensive cancer treatment csts, let alne cstly csmetic (美容) services that can play a huge rle in restring children’s cnfidence and giving them strength t cntinue their treatment,” said Salam.
As part f the self-funded initiative, Salam purchases the necessary requirements t make a wig, while his father helps design hairstyles t serve different children. S far, Salam has helped ver 15 children walk ut f his shp empwered with big smiles.
Despite the several challenges, Salam said making wigs gives him as much happiness as it des fr his yung custmers. “Children need the emtinal and mral supprt t g thrugh this tugh illness.” He added, “Lsing their hair drives them t withdraw int themselves ut f fear and embarrassment. I cannt help in their treatment, but I can help them get thrugh it.”
5．Why are a ty and candy mentined in paragraph 1?
A．T suggest the girl’s age.
B．T imply a serius illness.
C．T shw the shrtage f tys.
D．T highlight the value f the wig.
6．What can be learned frm the father’s wrds?
A．Hair style matters much.
B．Sprts benefit Mustafa.
C．Hair lss depressed Mustafa.
D．Mustafa’s treatment failed.
7．What led t Salam’s decisin n the missin?
A．His sympathy.
B．Family supprt.
C．Gvemment fund.
D．Mustafa’s enthusiasm.
8．What kind f persn is Salam accrding t the passage?
A．Cautius and creative.B．Inspiring and talented.
C．Caring and determined.D．Ambitius and patient.
【答案】5．D 6．C 7．A 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了埃及的萨拉姆，他一直在为患有癌症的儿童个人资助和设计免费假发，给他们战胜疾病的力量，后来他决定为患癌症的孩子们提供免费的假发，让他们振作起来。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Five-year-ld Mustafa is smiling fr the first time in ages. She did nt receive a new ty r her favrite candy; rather, she gt a wig (假发).(五岁的穆斯塔法这么多年来第一次露出了笑容。她没有收到新玩具或她最喜欢的糖果；相反，她得到了一顶假发)”可推知，第一段提到的玩具和糖果来突出假发的价值。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She saw children her age jumping in playgrunds and spending hurs styling their hair, while she culdn’t. Lsing her hair made her hpeless, negatively impacting her respnse t treatment,(她看到同龄的孩子在操场上蹦蹦跳跳，花上几个小时做发型，而她却不能。失去头发让她绝望，对她的治疗产生了负面影响)”可知，父亲的话表明，脱发使穆斯塔法很沮丧。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段中的““Many families can barely affrd expensive cancer treatment csts, let alne cstly csmetic (美容) services that can play a huge rle in restring children’s cnfidence and giving them strength t cntinue their treatment,” said Salam.(“许多家庭几乎负担不起昂贵的癌症治疗费用，更不用说昂贵的美容服务了，而美容服务可以在恢复孩子们的信心、给他们继续治疗的力量方面发挥巨大作用，”萨拉姆说)”可知，萨拉姆很同情这些孩子的遭遇，所以开始行动起来。由此推知，萨拉姆的同情促使他决定执行这项任务。故选A。
8．推理判断题。第四段中的““Many families can barely affrd expensive cancer treatment csts, let alne cstly csmetic (美容) services that can play a huge rle in restring children’s cnfidence and giving them strength t cntinue their treatment,” said Salam.(“许多家庭几乎负担不起昂贵的癌症治疗费用，更不用说昂贵的美容服务了，而美容服务可以在恢复孩子们的信心、给他们继续治疗的力量方面发挥巨大作用，”萨拉姆说)”可推知，萨拉姆很有爱心。根据最后一段中的“Despite the several challenges, Salam said making wigs gives him as much happiness as it des fr his yung custmers.(萨拉姆说，尽管遇到了一些挑战，但制作假发给他带来的快乐和为他的年轻顾客带来的快乐一样多)”可推知，萨拉姆是一个意志坚定的人。故选C。
3.（2023·浙江金华·校联考一模）The rmantic Rhine, which flws mre than 700 miles frm Switzerland t the Nrth Sea, is ne f the mst ppular cruising(巡游) rivers in Eurpe, with many ptins available. Take a lk at things t d in Rhine River!
Amsterdam
Many Rhine River Cruises begin r end in Amsterdam. This city is ppular amng multiple age grups and types f travelers fr its relaxing atmsphere. Grab a bicycle and enjy an afternn f cafes, art, and histrical sites. The Anne Frank Huse is a ppular attractin in Amsterdam. Be sure t check if yur river cruise can help with advance tickets as the lines are cnsistently lng, thugh.
Neuschwanstein Castle
This fairytale castle is in the heart f Bavaria, Germany. Situated in the Black Frest, and cnjuring up(唤起) visins f princes and princesses, it is an extremely ppular turist attractin. It was in fact ne f the inspiratins fr Walt Disney’s Sleeping Beauty Castle. If yur Rhine River cruise includes a stp in Munich, there’s a gd chance that visits t Neuschwanstein will be available.
Strasburg
If yu’re lking fr a classic Eurpean cuntry twn, this is the stp fr yu Strasburg has a typical French feel, with cbblestned streets, small shps, and f curse a cathedral. Be sure t visit picturesque Petite France, the histric quarter f twn, and Rhan Palace t walk in the ftsteps f Marie Antinette, the last queen f France befre the French Revlutin. Strasburg is als a delightful place fr visit fr Christmas markets.
Basel
Sharing three internatinal brders: Switzerland, Germany, and France, Basel presents a fascinating cmbinatin f cultures, cuisines, and languages. Yu can enjy several wnderful histric sights in Basel, within a shrt distance frm each ther, and dn’t miss a walk thrugh the Btanical Gardens
9．What d Amsterdam and Strasburg have in cmmn?
A．They have histrical sites.
B．They have a relaxing French style.
C．They are hme t big shpping malls.
D．They are famus fr the picturesque scenery.
10．What might be the reasn fr Neuschwanstein Castle’s ppularity?
A．Its mysterius stry.B．Its favurable lcatin
C．Its fairytale rmance.D．Its inspiratin fr films.
11．Which stp wuld yu recmmend mst t thse wh want t experience diverse cultures?
A．AmsterdamB．Neuschwanstein Castle.
C．StrasburgD．Basel.
【答案】9．A 10．C 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在莱茵河畔的四个典型城市。
9．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Many Rhine River Cruises begin r end in Amsterdam. This city is ppular amng multiple age grups and types f travelers fr its relaxing atmsphere. Grab a bicycle and enjy an afternn f cafes, art, and histrical sites. The Anne Frank Huse is a ppular attractin in Amsterdam. Be sure t check if yur river cruise can help with advance tickets as the lines are cnsistently lng, thugh. (许多莱茵河游船在阿姆斯特丹开始或结束。这座城市因其轻松的氛围而受到不同年龄层和类型的游客的欢迎。抓一辆自行车，享受一个下午的咖啡馆，艺术，和历史遗迹。安妮·弗兰克之家是阿姆斯特丹一个受欢迎的景点。不过，一定要检查一下你的游船能否帮你提前订票，因为队伍总是很长。)”和文章第四段“If yu’re lking fr a classic Eurpean cuntry twn, this is the stp fr yu Strasburg has a typical French feel, with cbblestned streets, small shps, and f curse a cathedral. Be sure t visit picturesque Petite France, the histric quarter f twn, and Rhan Palace t walk in the ftsteps f Marie Antinette, the last queen f France befre the French Revlutin. Strasburg is als a delightful place fr visit fr Christmas markets. (如果你正在寻找一个经典的欧洲乡村小镇，那么斯特拉斯堡是你的不二之选。斯特拉斯堡有典型的法国风情，鹅卵石铺成的街道，小商店，当然还有大教堂。一定要参观风景如画的小法兰西，历史悠久的小镇和罗汉宫，走在法国大革命前法国最后一位女王玛丽·安托瓦内特的脚步中。斯特拉斯堡也是参观圣诞集市的好地方。)”可知，阿姆斯特丹和斯特拉斯堡都有历史遗迹。故选A。
10．推理判断题。由文章第三段“This fairytale castle is in the heart f Bavaria, Germany. Situated in the Black Frest, and cnjuring up(唤起) visins f princes and princesses, it is an extremely ppular turist attractin. It was in fact ne f the inspiratins fr Walt Disney’s Sleeping Beauty Castle. If yur Rhine River cruise includes a stp in Munich, there’s a gd chance that visits t Neuschwanstein will be available. (这座童话般的城堡位于德国巴伐利亚州的中心。它坐落在黑森林里，让人联想到王子和公主，是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点。事实上，它是华特·迪斯尼睡美人城堡的灵感来源之一。如果你的莱茵河游轮在慕尼黑有一站，那么你很有可能可以参观新天鹅堡。)”可知，新天鹅堡受欢迎的原因可能是因为它是童话般的城堡。故选C。
11．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Sharing three internatinal brders: Switzerland, Germany, and France, Basel presents a fascinating cmbinatin f cultures, cuisines, and languages. Yu can enjy several wnderful histric sights in Basel, within a shrt distance frm each ther, and dn’t miss a walk thrugh the Btanical Gardens (巴塞尔共有三个国际边界：瑞士、德国和法国，展现了文化、美食和语言的迷人结合。您可以在巴塞尔欣赏几处美妙的历史景点，彼此相距不远，也不要错过植物园的漫步)”可知，这里有不同的文化。故选D。
4.（2023·浙江温州·统考一模）In 1970s, a psychlgist named J. P. Guilfrd cnducted a famus study f creativity knwn as the nine-dt puzzle (九点谜题). He challenged research subjects t cnnect all nine dts using just fur straight lines withut lifting their pencils frm the page. All the participants limited the pssible slutins t thse within the imaginary square. Only 20 percent managed t break ut f the cnfinement (束缚) and cntinue their lines in the white space surrunding the dts.
The fact that 80 percent f the participants were effectively blinded by the bundaries f the square led Guilfrd t jump t the sweeping cnclusin that creativity requires yu t g utside the bx. The idea went viral. Overnight, it seemed that creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers hw t think utside the bx. The cncept enjyed such strng ppularity that n ne bthered t check the facts. N ne, that is, befre tw different research teams-Clarke Burnham with Kenneth Davis, and Jseph Alba with Rbert Weisberg-ran anther experiment.
Bth teams fllwed the same way f dividing participants int tw grups. The first grup was given the same instructins as the participants in Guilfrd’s experiment. The secnd grup was tld that the slutin required the lines t be drawn utside the imaginary bx. Guess what? Only 25 percent slved the puzzle. In statistical terms, this 5 percent imprvement is insignificant as this culd be called sampling errr.
Let’s lk a little mre clsely at the surprising result. Slving this prblem requires peple t literally think utside the bx. Yet participants’ perfrmance was nt imprved even when they were given specific instructins t d s. That is, direct and clear instructins t think utside the bx did nt help. That this advice is useless shuld effectively have killed ff the much widely spread — and therefre, much mre dangerus — metaphr (比喻) that ut-f-the-bx thinking bsts creativity. After all, with ne simple yet brilliant experiment, researchers had prven that the cnceptual link between thinking utside the bx and creativity was a misunderstanding.
12．What did the nine-dt puzzle study fcus n?
A．Visual perceptin.
B．Thinking patterns.
C．Practical experience.
D．Theretical knwledge.
13．Why did the tw research teams run the fllw-up experiment?
A．T test the catchy cncept.
B．T cntradict the initial idea.
C．T cllect supprting evidence
D．T identify the underlying lgic.
14．Which f the fllwing best describes the fllw-up experiment?
A．Grundless.B．Inspiring.C．Fruitless.D．Revealing.
15．Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．Puzzle Slving: A Key T Creativity
B．Thinking Outside the Bx: A Misguided Idea
C．Nine-Dt Puzzle: A Magic Test
D．Creative Thinking: We Fell Fr The Trap
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了20世纪70年代，一位名叫J. P.吉尔福德的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”, 这让吉尔福德得出了一个笼统的结论：创造力需要你跳出框框。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He challenged research subjects t cnnect all nine dts using just fur straight lines withut lifting their pencils frm the page. All the participants limited the pssible slutins t thse within the imaginary square. Only 20 percent managed t break ut f the cnfinement (束缚) and cntinue their lines in the white space surrunding the dts. (他要求研究对象在不把铅笔从纸上拿起来的情况下，用四条直线把九个点连起来。所有的参与者都将可能的解决方案限制在虚方范围内。只有20%的人成功地打破了限制，在圆点周围的白色空间里继续他们的线条)”可推知，九点谜题研究的重点是思维模式。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The idea went viral. Overnight, it seemed that creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers hw t think utside the bx. The cncept enjyed such strng ppularity that n ne bthered t check the facts. N ne, that is, befre tw different research teams-Clarke Burnham with Kenneth Davis, and Jseph Alba with Rbert Weisberg-ran anther experiment. (一夜之间，各地的创造力专家似乎都在教管理者如何跳出固有思维。这个概念非常受欢迎，以至于没有人费心去核实事实。在两个不同的研究小组——克拉克·伯纳姆和肯尼斯·戴维斯以及约瑟夫·阿尔巴和罗伯特·维斯伯格——进行另一个实验之前，没有人做过另一个实验)”可推知，两个研究小组进行了后续实验来测试这个吸引人的概念。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Yet participants’ perfrmance was nt imprved even when they were given specific instructins t d s. That is, direct and clear instructins t think utside the bx did nt help. That this advice is useless shuld effectively have killed ff the much widely spread — and therefre, much mre dangerus — metaphr (比喻) that ut-f-the-bx thinking bsts creativity.(然而，即使给了参与者明确的指示，他们的表现也没有得到改善。也就是说，直接而明确的跳出思维定式的指示并没有帮助。这个建议是无用的，这应该有效地扼杀了广泛传播的——因此，更危险的——开箱即用思维促进创造力的比喻。毕竟，通过一个简单而出色的实验，研究人员已经证明，打破常规思考和创造力之间的概念联系是一种误解)”可推知，后续的实验很有启示意义。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“In 1970s, a psychlgist named J. P. Guilfrd cnducted a famus study f creativity knwn as the nine-dt puzzle (九点谜题). (20世纪70年代，一位名叫J. P.吉尔福德的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”)”及下文介绍可知，文章主要介绍了20世纪70年代，一位名叫J. P.吉尔福德的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”, 这让吉尔福德得出了一个笼统的结论:创造力需要你跳出框框。由此可知，Nine-Dt Puzzle: A Magic Test(九点谜题：一个神奇的测试)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
5.（2023·浙江宁波·统考一模）When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez takes dwn any unusual behaviur she sees n the rad. She then feeds these int machine-learning algrithms (算法), a frm f AI, which are intended t prduce a system reliable enugh fr a car t drive itself withut any disturbance frm the driver, and cpe with all situatins n the rad. But this prving hard t achieve, carmakers chse t scale back many attempts t d s. Last year, fr instance, Uber, a ride-hailing service, sld ff its unit develping self-driving cars at a lw price.
Autnmus vehicles are basted as being nt just cnvenient but ptentially safer. Hwever, just as peple take time t learn hw t drive safely, machines are n exceptin. The RAND Crpratin, an American think-tank, calculates that t develp a system 20% safer than a human driver, a fleet f 100 self-driving cars wuld have t perate 24 hurs a day, 365 days a year, and cver 14 billin kilmetres. At average rad speeds, that wuld take abut 400 years.
Carmakers such as Prsche therefre accelerate the develpment prcess using simulatrs (模拟器). These teach sftware abut danger nly rarely encuntered in reality. Dr Martinez and her clleagues emply “game engines”, the prgrams that generate pht realistic images in cmputer games, t d this. These are used t create virtual wrlds thrugh which the sftware can drive.
Hw quickly, if ever, all this will translate int reality remains t be seen. Bth regulatrs and custmers will need t vercme dubt that a sftware driver really can be safer than human. Frm Prsche’s pint f view, thugh, there is ne ther relevant questin. Given that much f the reasn fr wning a sprts car is fr wners t shw ff what they regard as their driving skills, just hw big a market will there be fr a versin where sftware takes thse basting rights away?
16．What d the underlined wrds “scale back” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．MakeB．Overlk.C．Encurage.D．Reduce.
17．The learning prcess f autnmus vehicles’ safe driving can be described as___________.
A．time-cnsumingB．fast-pacedC．thught-prvkingD．well-designed
18．What challenge d autnmus vehicles bring t Prsche?
A．Ensuring the pleasure f drivingB．Making their sprts cars affrdable.
C．Remving public dubts abut safety.D．Integrating game engines int their vehicles.
19．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Prsche: Sprts Cars at RiskB．Self-driving Cars: Still Sme Way t G
C．Simulatrs: The Cre f Autnmus VehiclesD．Machine Learning Algrithms: The Arrival f Al
【答案】16．D 17．A 18．A 19．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述开发自动驾驶汽车的问题以及对跑车市场的影响。
16．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Last year, fr instance, Uber, a ride-hailing service, sld ff its unit develping self-driving cars at a lw price.(例如，去年，叫车服务公司优步（Uber）低价出售了开发自动驾驶汽车的部门)”可知，后文低价出售自动驾驶汽车的部门的例子说明汽车制造商选择减少许多这样做的尝试。故划线词意思是“减少”。故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“The RAND Crpratin, an American think-tank, calculates that t develp a system 20% safer than a human driver, a fleet f 100 self-driving cars wuld have t perate 24 hurs a day, 365 days a year, and cver 14 billin kilmetres. At average rad speeds, that wuld take abut 400 years.(据美国智库兰德公司(RAND Crpratin)计算，要开发一个比人类驾驶员安全20%的系统，100辆自动驾驶汽车的车队必须一年365天，每天24小时运行，行驶140亿公里。按照平均道路速度，这需要大约400年的时间)”可知，自动驾驶汽车安全驾驶的学习过程是非常耗时的。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Frm Prsche’s pint f view, thugh, there is ne ther relevant questin. Given that much f the reasn fr wning a sprts car is fr wners t shw ff what they regard as their driving skills, just hw big a market will there be fr a versin where sftware takes thse basting rights away?(不过，从保时捷的角度来看，还有一个相关的问题。考虑到拥有跑车的主要原因是为了炫耀他们认为自己的驾驶技术，那么一个软件夺走了这些炫耀权利的版本会有多大的市场？)”可知，自动驾驶汽车在确保驾驶的乐趣方面会给保时捷带来挑战。故选A。
19．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Autnmus vehicles are basted as being nt just cnvenient but ptentially safer. Hwever, just as peple take time t learn hw t drive safely, machines are n exceptin. The RAND Crpratin, an American think-tank, calculates that t develp a system 20% safer than a human driver, a fleet f 100 self-driving cars wuld have t perate 24 hurs a day, 365 days a year, and cver 14 billin kilmetres. At average rad speeds, that wuld take abut 400 years.(自动驾驶汽车被吹嘘为不仅方便，而且可能更安全。然而，就像人们花时间学习如何安全驾驶一样，机器也不例外。据美国智库兰德公司(RAND Crpratin)计算，要开发一个比人类驾驶员安全20%的系统，100辆自动驾驶汽车的车队必须一年365天，每天24小时运行，行驶140亿公里。按照平均道路速度，这需要大约400年的时间)”结合文章主要讲述开发自动驾驶汽车的问题以及对跑车市场的影响。可知，B选项“自动驾驶汽车：仍有一段路要走”最符合文章标题。故选B。
6.（2023·浙江金华·校联考一模）I ask every student I interview fr admissin t my institutin, Pitzer Cllege, the same questin, “What d yu lk frward t the mst in cllege?” I was astnished and delighted recently when a student replied, “I lk frward t the pssibility f failure.” Of curse, this is nt hw mst students respnd t the questin when sitting befre the persn wh can make decisins abut their academic futures, but this yung man tk a risk.
“Yu see, my parents have never let me fail,” he said. “When I want t take a chance at smething, they remind me it’s nt a safe rute t take. Taking a mre demanding curse r trying an activity I may nt succeed in, they tell me, will ruin my chances at cllege admissin.”
I wish I culd tell yu this is an uncmmn stry, but kids all ver the wrld admit they are under great pressure t be perfect. When I was traveling in China last fall and asked a Chinese student what she did fr fun, she replied: “I thught I wasn’t suppsed t tell yu that? I wuldn’t want yu t think I am nt serius abut my wrk!”
Students are usually in shck when I laugh and tell them I never expect perfectin. Of curse, this ges against everything they’ve been tld. Hw culd a dean (院长) f admissin at ne f America’s mst selective institutins nt want the best and the brightest? The reality is, perfectin desn’t exist, and we dn’t expect t see it in a cllege applicatin. In fact, admissin fficers tend t questin students wh present themselves as individuals withut shrtcmings.
We get the mst excited when we read an applicatin that seems real. It’s s rare t hear stries f defeat. If their perspectives are f lessns learned, these applicants tend t jump t the tp at highly selective clleges. We believe an errr in high schl shuld nt define the rest f yur life, but hw yu respnd culd shape yu frever.
20．What can we learn abut the student in the first tw paragraphs?
A．He is taught nt t take risks.
B．He tries t avid any chance f failure.
C．He cares little abut his academic futures
D．He is seldm allwed t take part in activities.
21．Why des the authr mentin the Chinese student in paragraph 3?
A．T emphasize the imprtance f hard wrk.
B．T cmpare students frm different cuntries.
C．T give an example f the students he favrs.
D．T illustrate the widespread stress n students
22．What is prbably admissin fficers’ attitude twards a perfect applicatin?
A．Dubtful.B．Cnfused.C．Favrable.D．Casual.
23．What is the key t success in cllege accrding t the authr?
A．A desire fr perfectin
B．The ability t learn frm defeats.
C．The pprtunity f making mistakes.
D．An experience f defeat in high schl
【答案】20．A 21．D 22．A 23．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者是大学的面试官，但是从不会期待学生做得过于完美，因为作者认为有失败经历的申请才是真实的，学生也应该从失败中获益。
20．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“When I want t take a chance at smething, they remind me it’s nt a safe rute t take. Taking a mre demanding curse r trying an activity I may nt succeed in, they tell me, will ruin my chances at cllege admissin. (当我想尝试某事时，他们会提醒我这不是一条安全的路。他们告诉我，选一门难度更高的课程或尝试一项我可能不会成功的活动，会毁掉我被大学录取的机会。)”可知，这个学生被父母教导不要冒险。故选A。
21．推理判断题。由文章第三段“I wish I culd tell yu this is an uncmmn stry, but kids all ver the wrld admit they are under great pressure t be perfect. When I was traveling in China last fall and asked a Chinese student what she did fr fun, she replied:“ I thught I wasn’t suppsed t tell yu that? I wuldn’t want yu t think I am nt serius abut my wrk!” (我希望我能告诉你，这是一个不同寻常的故事，但世界各地的孩子都承认，他们面临着巨大的压力，要做到完美。去年秋天，当我在中国旅行时，问一位中国学生她做了什么好玩的事，她回答说：“我以为我不应该告诉你？我不想让你认为我对工作不认真！”)”可知，作者在第3段提到中国学生是想说明学生普遍承受的压力。故选D。
22．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“The reality is, perfectin desn’t exist, and we dn’t expect t see it in a cllege applicatin. In fact, admissin fficers tend t questin students wh present themselves as individuals withut shrtcmings. (现实是，完美是不存在的，我们也不指望在大学申请中看到完美。事实上，招生官往往会质疑那些表现得没有缺点的学生。)”可知，招生官对一份完美的申请可能往往会质疑。故选A。
23．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“We believe an errr in high schl shuld nt define the rest f yur life, but hw yu respnd culd shape yu frever. (我们相信，高中时的一个错误不应该决定你的余生，但你的应对方式可能会永远影响你。)”可知，作者认为，在大学里取得成功的关键是从失败中学习的能力。故选B。
7.（2023·广东佛山·佛山一中校考二模）When yu were at schl, were yu ever tld t stp daydreaming and cncentrate? It was easy fr yur mind t wander if yu weren’t interested in what yu were learning r if yu had better things t think abut. Staying fcused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding hw t d it, and knwing what is distracting yu, can help.
Scientists have lked at what makes us delay and fund a number f ways t help us stay in the zne. One f the mst bvius things is eliminating nise. Research by Science Fcus magazine fund silence is the best fr cncentratin, r a gentle backgrund hum and cffee shp nise is great! It als fund turning ff ntificatins n yur phne, r switching it ff altgether, remves a majr distractin and helps us fcus n the task at hand.
Anther pssible cure fr a shrt attentin span is brain training. Psychlgists and neurscientists are increasingly interested in ur ability t settle dwn and have lked at what we can change inside ur head t make us cncentrate. An article fr BBC Future by Carline Williams says that “Attentin Researcher Nilli Lavie f University Cllege Lndn has fund that making a task mre visually demanding takes up mre prcessing pwer and leaves the brain nthing left t prcess distractins.” S, keeping yur mind busy might be the answer.
There are mre practical tips t keeping yur mind fcused. These include making a list r timetable f the tasks yu have t d, finding a wrkspace where yu’re nt tempted t d ther things, r chewing sme gum! It’s pssible the mvement in yur muth ccupies parts f the brain that might therwise get distracted.
But accrding t Science Fcus magazine, distractin isn’t all bad. “If we were always s fcused that we never g distracted, we’d miss ptential changes, such as threats, in ur envirnment. Distractin is vital fr survival.”
24．Which f the fllwing is similar t the underlined phrase in paragrapb 2?
A．Cncerned.B．Enthusiastic.C．Calm.D．Absrbed.
25．Why des the authr suggest keeping ur mind busy?
A．T intrduce a mental recvery.
B．T explain the cause f distractin.
C．T recmmend a kind f intelligence training.
D．T suggest a way t train the brain t cncentrate.
26．What is Science Fcus magazine’s attitude t distractin?
A．Cntradictry.B．All-sided.C．Dubtful.D．Puzzling.
27．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Hw t Stay FcusedB．The Harm f Distractin
C．The Research abut DistractinD．The Benefits f Keeping Fcused
【答案】24．D 25．D 26．B 27．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了成年人容易分心，对此科学家研究了导致分心的原因并给出了一些有助于保持专注的方法。
24．词句猜测题。第一段中“Staying fcused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding hw t d it, and knwing what is distracting yu, can help.(在成年人的生活中，保持专注仍然是一个挑战，但了解如何做到这一点，知道是什么让你分心，会有所帮助。)”提出问题：成年人容易分心，无法专注，而画线词所以在句“Scientists have lked at what makes us delay and fund a number f ways t help us stay...(科学家们研究了导致我们拖延的原因，并找到了一些方法帮助我们……)”告诉我们，科学家们已经找到了原因，并给出一些帮助我们stay in the zne的方法。由此推知，in the zne即第一段中所说的“专注”，与D选项absrbed“全神贯注的”意思相近。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Anther pssible cure fr a shrt attentin span is brain training. Psychlgists and neurscientists are increasingly interested in ur ability t settle dwn and have lked at what we can change inside ur head t make us cncentrate.(另一种治疗注意力持续时间短的方法是大脑训练。心理学家和神经科学家对我们安定下来的能力越来越感兴趣，并研究了我们可以改变大脑内部的什么来让我们集中注意力。)”和““Attentin Researcher Nilli Lavie f University Cllege Lndn has fund that making a task mre visually demanding takes up mre prcessing pwer and leaves the brain nthing left t prcess distractins.” S, keeping yur mind busy might be the answer.(“伦敦大学学院的注意力研究员Nilli Lavie发现，让一项任务对视觉的要求更高，会消耗更多的处理能力，让大脑无法处理分心的事情。”所以，让你的大脑忙碌起来可能是答案。)”可推知，作者建议让我们的大脑保持忙碌是在提出一种训练大脑集中注意力的方法。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But accrding t Science Fcus magazine, distractin isn’t all bad. “If we were always s fcused that we never gt distracted, we’d miss ptential changes, such as threats, in ur envirnment. Distractin is vital fr survival.”(但根据《科学焦点》杂志，分心也不全是坏事。“如果我们总是如此专注，从不分心，我们就会错过环境中的潜在变化，比如威胁。分散注意力对生存至关重要。”)”可推知，《科学焦点》杂志对“分心”的态度是客观全面的。故选B。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Staying fcused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding hw t d it, and knwing what is distracting yu, can help.(在成年人的生活中，保持专注仍然是一个挑战，但了解如何做到这一点，知道是什么让你分心，会有所帮助)”和第二段中“Scientists have lked at what makes us delay and fund a number f ways t help us stay in the zne.(科学家们研究了导致我们分心的原因，并找到了一些帮助我们保持状态的方法)”可知，文章主要说明了成年人容易分心，对此科学家研究了导致分心的原因并给出了一些有助于保持专注的方法。所以，A项“Hw t stay fcused (如何保持专注)”是文章最佳标题。故选A。
8.（2023·湖北襄阳·襄阳四中校考模拟预测）Fr years, I rejected this part f myself, until I realized what I was missing.
I used t be prud f my suthern rigin. My wn vice reflected my family’s past and present, all suthern. While grwing up, I began t realize utside f ur regin, sutherners were ften dismissed as uncultured and uneducated, ignrant and narrw-minded. In that awkward stage between teenager and adult, my accent was a symbl f everything I hated abut my life in the rural Suth.
The prcess f getting rid f my accent began in high schl with Gilmre Girls. After each episde, I’d stand befre a mirrr, practicing the characters’ lines in an effrt t speak like a “nrmal” white upper-middle-class girl. Eventually, I was successful at breaking dwn my tngue and rebuilding it. Every time I was asked where I was frm, I wuld say “near Memphis” r make an ambiguus statement abut my cuntry backgrund.
Nw I’m living in a big city with a respectable jb dwntwn. Every step I walk frm the train statin t the ffice seems victrius. Hwever, I’ve been pretending and I’m fed up with it. Occasinally my ld self escapes frm my lips when encuraged by an extra glass f whiskey, but I uncnsciusly g back t the safety f the unaccented minutes later, making me feel as if I’m a fraud — a girl wh frgets where she cmes frm. Then gradually I’ve becme kind f hmesick that leads me t put n the ld Highwmen recrd and dance arund, singing with all the accent s I’ve gt left.
My grandmther used t tell me, “Girl, dn’t yu frget where yu cme frm?” Memries are fading by time but this ne has remained impressed n my mind. S, I decide t mve back. I’m still searching fr what it means t be suthern, but nw I’m ding it with all the “y’alls”, and “ain’ts” I’ve kept back fr s lng.
28．Why did the authr decide t get rid f her suthern accent?
A．Because she hated the suthern rural life.B．Because it reflected her shameful past.
C．Because it made her laughed at by thers.D．Because she was misled by prejudice.
29．What’s the main idea f Paragraph 3?
A．The authr learnt the language well.B．The authr managed t rebuild her accent.
C．The authr made a white upper class girl.D．The authr finally succeeded in big cities.
30．What cntributed mst t the authr’s return t her suthern accent?
A．Her grandmther’s wrds.B．Her hmesickness.
C．Her bredm f pretending.D．Her ver-drinking.
31．What message des the passage want t cnvey?
A．Everyne has his dark secret.B．Gd helps thse wh help themselves.
C．There’s always a silver lining in the clud.D．Yu shuld never cmprmise wh yu are.
【答案】28．D 29．B 30．C 31．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者因为别人的偏见以及追求更好的生活改变自己的南方口音，但后来才意识到这样做抹杀了自己身份的一部分，决定找回自己的南方口音。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“While grwing up, I began t realize utside f ur regin, sutherners were ften dismissed as uncultured and uneducated, ignrant and narrw-minded. In that awkward stage between teenager and adult, my accent was a symbl f everything I hated abut my life in the rural Suth.(在成长过程中，我开始意识到，在我们的地区之外，南方人经常被视为没有文化、没有受过教育、无知和心胸狭窄。在青少年和成年人之间的尴尬阶段，我的口音象征着我讨厌的南方农村生活的一切)”可知，作者被别人对南方人的偏见误导，决定改掉自己的南方口音，故选D。
29．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The prcess f getting rid f my accent began in high schl with Gilmre Girls. After each episde, I’d stand befre a mirrr, practicing the characters’ lines in an effrt t speak like a ‘nrmal’ white upper-middle-class girl. Eventually, I was successful at breaking dwn my tngue and rebuilding it.(摆脱口音的过程始于高中的Gilmre Girls。每集结束后，我都会站在镜子前，练习角色的台词，努力让自己说话像一个‘正常’的白人中上层女孩。最终，我成功地打破了我的说话方式并重建了起来)”可知，本段主要讲述作者花费很大力气去模仿Gilmre Girls剧中角色的台词，最后成功改掉了自己的南方口音，故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Hwever, I’ve been pretending and I’m fed up with it.(然而，我一直在假装，我受够了)”可知，作者受够了一直假装，决定找回自己的南方口音，故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合倒数第二段中“but I uncnsciusly g back t the safety f the unaccented minutes later, making me feel as if I’m a fraud — a girl wh frgets where she cmes frm.(这让我觉得自己好像是个骗子——一个忘记自己来自哪里的女孩)”和最后一段中“My grandmther used t tell me, ‘Girl, dn’t yu frget where yu cme frm?’ Memries are fading by time but this ne has remained impressed n my mind. S, I decide t mve back.(我的祖母曾经对我说：‘女孩，你不要忘记你来自哪里吗？’记忆随着时间的流逝而褪色，但这一件事却深深地印在我的脑海里。所以，我决定回来)”可知，文章主要讲述作者因为别人的偏见以及追求更好的生活改变自己的口音，但后来才意识到这样做抹杀了自己身份的一部分，决定找回自己的南方口音，所以本文想要传达的是“永远不要妥协，做真实的自己”，故选D。
9.（2023·山东·德州市第一中学校联考模拟预测）Damn Carsn calls himself a matchmaker (媒人) f the never-ending waste f American sciety, trying nt t pair peple with peple, but things with peple.
In the late 1990s, Carsn was n break frm business schl in Vail, Clrad, when he discvered the vast wrld f waste. He began thinking abut creating a secndhand stre that wuld sell ld materials and keep them ut f being wasted. As a result, in 2010, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials appeared.
Fr nearly ten years, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials, has nt been lking t recycle the waste he gets — breaking it dwn t make smething new — but rather finding new hmes fr thrwn-away gds in their riginal frms.
Carsn, a husband and father f three adult children, is far frm wasteful. Frugal is hw he describes himself. The clthes he’s wearing all came frm a charity shp; his truck was bught with 290, 000 kilmeters driven.
“Why break smething dwn, why melt smething dwn, if it still has value?” he asks. An ld il-field pipe might be melted dwn and turned int a car bumper, but it still takes an amunt f pwer t finish the cmplete change. Why nt leave it as a steel pipe? Why nt turn it int a fence pst n a farm? The nly cst is transprt.
American industrial facilities create and thrw abut 7.6 billin tns f unwanted industrial materials every year. Fr the mment, Carsn’s unique business finds new lives fr millins f kilgrams f industrial waste every year.
32．What is paragraph tw mainly abut?
A．Carsn’s schl lessns.
B．Carsn’s jurney t Clrad.
C．The start f Carsn’s business.
D．The serius waste f materials.
33．What is Repurpsed Materials aimed at?
A．Marketing wastes t peple in need.
B．Breaking dwn the wasted gds.
C．Manufacturing industrial prducts.
D．Recycling the thrwn-away stuffs.
34．Hw des Carsn describe his life?
A．Ecnmical.B．Petic.C．Tugh.D．Risky.
35．What can we learn frm Carsn?
A．Well began, half dne.
B．Innvative thinking cunts.
C．One is never t ld t learn.
D．Hard wrk will pay back.
【答案】32．C 33．A 34．A 35．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，·文章讲述了达蒙卡森经营公司，为一些被废弃的垃圾寻找新的归宿，不需再次浪费能源回收，保护环境的故事。
32．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“In the late 1990s, Carsn was n break frm business schl in Vail, Clrad, when he discvered the vast wrld f waste. He began thinking abut creating a secndhand stre that wuld sell ld materials and keep them ut f being wasted. As a result, in 2010, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials appeared.(上世纪90年代末，Clrad在科罗拉多州韦尔的商学院休学期间，发现了这个巨大的废物世界。他开始考虑开一家二手店，出售旧材料，防止它们被浪费。结果，在2010年，他的公司Repurpsed Materials出现了)”可知，本段主要讲述Carsn的生意是如何创办的，故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段“Fr nearly ten years, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials, has nt been lking t recycle the waste he gets — breaking it dwn t make smething new — but rather finding new hmes fr thrwn-away gds in their riginal frms.(近十年来，他的公司Repurpsed Materials并没有寻求回收他得到的垃圾——将其分解成新的东西——而是为那些被丢弃的物品以原本的样子寻找新的归宿)”可知，Repurpsed Materials的目标是将废品卖给有需要的人，故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Frugal is hw he describes himself.(节俭是他对自己的描述)”可知，Carsn用节俭描述自己的生活，故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段“Fr nearly ten years, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials, has nt been lking t recycle the waste he gets — breaking it dwn t make smething new — but rather finding new hmes fr thrwn-away gds in their riginal frms.(近十年来，他的公司Repurpsed Materials并没有寻求回收他得到的垃圾——将其分解成新的东西——而是为那些被丢弃的物品以原本的样子寻找新的归宿)”和最后一段中“Fr the mment, Carsn’s unique business finds new lives fr millins f kilgrams f industrial waste every year.(目前，Carsn的独特业务每年为数百万公斤的工业废物找到新的生命)”可知，Carsn的公司并没有将回收的垃圾分解成新的东西，而是为那些被丢弃的物品以原本的样子寻找新的归宿，这项独特业务每年为数百万公斤的工业废物找到新的生命，由此可推知“创新思维很重要”，故选B。
10.（2023·山东·德州市第一中学校联考模拟预测）Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.
Imagine the first butterfly yu stp t admire after a lng winter r the scenery atp a hill after a fresh hike. Smetimes existence delivers us small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.
T better understand this appreciatin, we cnducted a series f studies invlving ver 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their cping strategies t relieve their stress. Thse managing stress by fcusing n their appreciatin fr life’s beauty reprted experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the fllw-ups, we asked them t rate the extent t which they agreed with varius statements, such as “I have a great appreciatin fr the beauty f life” and ther statements related t cherence, purpse, existential mattering. Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.
The final results cnfirmed ur riginal thery: appreciating small things can make life feel mre meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw. Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.
36．What is the authr’s belief in meaningful life?
A．Owning the cherence f life.
B．Setting a lng-term career gal.
C．Valuing what matters just t us.
D．Enjying present beauty f life.
37．What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A．The apprach t cnducting the studies.
B．The analysis f the specific bjectives.
C．The necessity f a lng-term gal in life.
D．The lgic behind experiential appreciatin.
38．What challenges us t feel mre meaningful life accrding t the text?
A．Our fast-paced mdern lifestyle.
B．The lack f emplyment chances.
C．Our fcus n individual feelings.
D．The ignrance f future utcmes.
39．What can be the best title f the passage?
A．Appreciating the past.
B．Living in the mment.
C．Finding yurself back.
D．Embracing the future.
【答案】36．D 37．D 38．A 39．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是体验性欣赏的好处以及我们要活在当下，欣赏生活中的美。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.(许多学者认为，一个有意义的存在归结为三个因素：一个人的生命的连贯性，拥有明确的长期目标，相信自己的生命是重要的。但我们认为还有另一个因素需要考虑。)”，第二段的“We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”和最后一段的“Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.(然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义。)”可知，作者对有意义的生活的信念是享受当下的生活之美。故选D。
37．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.(我们的研究结果显示，越多的人表示他们“欣赏生活”，他们就越觉得自己的存在有价值。在随后的实验中，我们通过要求参与者观看令人敬畏的视频进一步探索了这一现象，他们也报告说，与那些观看更中性视频的人相比，他们在这些时刻有更大的体验感激感和生活意义。)”可知，第三段的主要内容是体验式欣赏背后的逻辑。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw.(我们现代、快节奏、以项目为导向的生活方式让每一天都充满了目标。我们忙得不可开交，试图使我们的产出最大化。这使得我们很容易忽略正在发生的事情。)”可知，我们快节奏的现代生活方式使感受更有意义的生活有了挑战。故选A。
39．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”和最后一段的“Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.(然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义。)”可知，本文主要讲的是体验性欣赏的好处以及我们要活在当下，欣赏生活中的美，因此最好的题目是B选项“Living in the mment.(活在当下。)”。故选B。
试卷类型
年份
篇序
体裁
话题
题量
新高考I卷
2023
A
应用文
自行车租赁和有导游的城市游
3
B
记叙文
生态设计助力生态系统的自我修复
2
C
说明文
数字机简主义
3
D
说明文
集体商议的智慧
1
新高考II卷
2023
A
应用文
黄石国家公园的四项游园活动
3
B
记叙文
学校菜园项目
2
C
说明文
阅读艺术
1
D
说明文
人类与大自然互动
3
新高考I卷
2022
A
说明文
文学概论课程评分原则
2
B
议论文
不要浪费食物
3
C
说明文
让养老院的老人养鸡
1
D
说明文
语音演变
2
新高考II卷
2022
A
应用文
儿童博物馆团体游
3
B
夹叙夹议
孙子误把儿童读物当平板电脑
1
C
说明文
使用Textalyzer来监控司机
1
D
说明文
锻炼对心脏的好处
2
新高考I卷
2021
A
应用文
罗马旅游社介绍
3
B
记叙文
翻乐谱的男子Rbert Titterman
3
C
说明文
保护野生动物和湿地
2
D
议论文
大众化曲解情商本义
1
新高考II卷
2021
A
应用文
约克郡夏日活动
3
B
记叙文
照顾两只幼虎
2
C
说明文
推动艺术教育的发展
2
D
议论文
牧牛机器人的研制
3
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
分析今年高考题可知，细节理解类题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
预计2024年高考细节理解题仍旧占比7-8题。
近3年新高考细节理解数据分析
掌握技巧,灵活运用
(1)细心审题,直接就题找答案提取“带着问题找答案”的方法,先从问题中抓住关键性尚(题眼),然后以此为线索运用略读及查读的技巧快速:得在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句, 仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案。
(2)变通理解,间接转述找答案
细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述,命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生,即对原句细微处做改动,摘取原文词语或结构进行改造,因果倒置,把A的观点说成B的观点等。
(3)多点归纳,综合事实找答案
细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息,而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时,一定要全面捕捉相关信息,进行综合分析、归纳,切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。
明确干扰,破除陷阱
(1)扩大或缩小范围
文章为了表达准确严密,经常通过加上相应的词语限制如涉及数量时常用many,almst all,nearly, mre than, ver, nly afew,nrmally等限制。有些干扰项改变或去掉限定词语,甚至是扩大或缩小语言范围。
(2)偷换概念
命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。
(3)正误并存
在干扰项中,某个句子或词语是正确的,其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面,正误并存,命题者常会借此以假乱真。
典例分析
典例一
（2023·新高考I卷B 篇）When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
1．What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．He was fnd f traveling.B．He enjyed being alne.
C．He had an inquiring mind.D．He lnged t be a dctr.
2．Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A．T feed the animals.B．T build an ecsystem.
C．T prtect the plants.D．T test the ec-machine.
【答案】1．C 2．D
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
典例二
（2023·新高考II卷B 篇）Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
5．What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A．She used t be a health wrker.B．She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C．She wns a fast fd restaurant.D．She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
【答案】5．D
5．细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Spruts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Spruts的发起者。故选D。
（建议用时：8分钟/篇）
1.（2023·江苏·统考模拟预测）A vast majrity f peple usually argue that cycling can make a significant cntributin t ur wrld. In reality, there is a gap between desired and actual numbers. In Germany, fr instance, nly 20% f the everyday shrt-distance trips are cvered by bicycle. When enquiring abut the causes, researchers fund ne pint repeatedly tps the list: the perceived r ptential risk n the bike rutes used. Increasing the share f cycling trips thus depends crucially n well-develped bike paths.
Hwever, designing efficient bike path netwrks is a cmplex task that invlves balancing a variety f limitatins while meeting verall demand. In additin, many districts are cnfrnted with a shrtage f funds available fr imprving the infrastructure. Researchers prpse a new apprach t generating efficient bike path netwrks. This cnsiders demand distributin and the rute ptin f cyclists based n preferences fr secure utings. Typically, minimizing the travel distance is far frm the slely gal. Aspects such as attractiveness f a rute are als taken int accunt.
Under real cnditins, a bike path netwrk is created by cnstantly adding bike paths t mre streets. This time, researchers start with an ideal, cmplex netwrk, in which all streets in a city are equipped with a bike path. In a virtual prcess, they gradually remve less used bike path sectins frm this netwrk. The rute selectin f cyclists is cntinuusly updated. Thus, a series f bike path netwrks is created and is always adapted t the current usage. Each stage f it crrespnds t a variant that culd be carried ut with less financial supprt.
“We illustrate the applicability f this demand-driven planning fr crwded urban areas f Dresden and Hamburg,” explains researcher Christph Steinacker. “We are appraching a real-life issue here using the theretic tlbx f netwrk dynamics and cmpare efficient bike path netwrks under different cnditins.”
1．Why d peple rarely cycle?
A．They think f cycling as inefficient.B．They usually take lng-distance trips.
C．They’re cncerned abut the security.D．They’re unable t find special bike rads.
2．What is a challenge fr gd bike path netwrks?
A．Tight budgets.B．Cmplex rutes.
C．Maximized travel distance.D．Decreasing cycling demand.
3．What can be learned abut the planning put frward by researchers?
A．It will be updated nce in a while.B．It is cntrary t the real-life design.
C．It ensures every street has a bike path.D．It serves as a mdel fr ther districts.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Gd Planning Gets the Bike RllingB．A gd Netwrk Benefits Mre Peple
C．Cycling Paths Change Crwded Urban AreasD．A New Cncept Cntributes t a Better Wrld
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者通过研究如何建立发达的自行车道路网来提高自行车出行。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In Germany, fr instance, nly 20% f the everyday shrt-distance trips are cvered by bicycle. When enquiring abut the causes, researchers fund ne pint repeatedly tps the list: the perceived r ptential risk n the bike rutes used.(比如说，在德国，每天的短距离行程中，只有20%是骑自行车出行。当被问及其原因时，研究者发现其中一个一直高居榜首：骑行路线的感知风险和潜在风险。)”可知，很少有人选择自行车出行是因为他们担心感知风险和潜在风险的存在，担心安全问题，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Hwever, designing efficient bike path netwrks is a cmplex task that invlves balancing a variety f limitatins while meeting verall demand. In additin, many districts are cnfrnted with a shrtage f funds available fr imprving the infrastructure.(然而，设计高效的自行车路线网络是一个复杂的任务，它包括平衡一系列限制的同时，还要满足全面的需求。而且，很多地区面临着提升设施的可用资金的短缺问题。)”可知，建立好的自行车道路网所遇到的挑战是资金短缺，预算紧张的问题，故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“This time, researchers start with an ideal, cmplex netwrk, in which all streets in a city are equipped with a bike path. In a virtual prcess, they gradually remve less used bike path sectins frm this netwrk. The rute selectin f cyclists is cntinuusly updated. Thus, a series f bike path netwrks is created and is always adapted t the current usage.(这一次，研究者想出了一个理想的、复杂的道路网络，城市里所有街道都配备一条自行车道。在现实过程中，他们逐渐地从网络里移除了使用较少的自行车道。骑行者对道路的选择也在不断更新中。因此，就创造出了一系列的自行车道路网，它也总是在适应当前的使用状况。)”可推知，研究者提出的计划道路网是每个城市里所有街道都配备一条自行车道，但在实际过程中，却因为一些自行车道使用较少，而不得不逐渐减少它们，故研究者提出的计划与实际生活中的设计截然不同，故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段末句“Increasing the share f cycling trips thus depends crucially n well-develped bike paths.(因此，增加自行车出行的比例至关重要地取决于发达的自行车道。)”以及后文对如何建立发达的自行车道可知，本文主要围绕通过建立发达的自行车道来鼓励人们骑行，故A项“好的计划能让自行车运转起来”符合文章标题，故选A。
2.（2023·浙江温州·统考一模）Five-year-ld Mustafa is smiling fr the first time in ages. She did nt receive a new ty r her favrite candy; rather, she gt a wig (假发).
Mustafa had t g thrugh painful prcedures after being diagnsed (诊断) with cancer at an early age. Her father expressed her sadness when she lst her hair after mnths f chemtherapy (化疗). “She saw children her age jumping in playgrunds and spending hurs styling their hair, while she culdn’t. Lsing her hair made her hpeless, negatively impacting her respnse t treatment,” the girl’s father said.
Cming frm a less frtunate family, Mustafa nw sits in a humble hairdresser’s in Cair, sliding her fingers thrugh her new lng hair as she lks in the mirrr with fresh enthusiasm. Behind that smile and renewed cnfidence is Salam, frm Egypt, wh has been persnally funding and designing free wigs fr children with cancer t give them pwer t defeat their illness.
Salam tk up his missin when he saw a viral vide n scial media f a yung cancer patient wh was excited at receiving a new wig. It was the mment when he decided t prvide free wigs t children with cancer t lift up their spirits. “Many families can barely affrd expensive cancer treatment csts, let alne cstly csmetic (美容) services that can play a huge rle in restring children’s cnfidence and giving them strength t cntinue their treatment,” said Salam.
As part f the self-funded initiative, Salam purchases the necessary requirements t make a wig, while his father helps design hairstyles t serve different children. S far, Salam has helped ver 15 children walk ut f his shp empwered with big smiles.
Despite the several challenges, Salam said making wigs gives him as much happiness as it des fr his yung custmers. “Children need the emtinal and mral supprt t g thrugh this tugh illness.” He added, “Lsing their hair drives them t withdraw int themselves ut f fear and embarrassment. I cannt help in their treatment, but I can help them get thrugh it.”
5．Why are a ty and candy mentined in paragraph 1?
A．T suggest the girl’s age.
B．T imply a serius illness.
C．T shw the shrtage f tys.
D．T highlight the value f the wig.
6．What can be learned frm the father’s wrds?
A．Hair style matters much.
B．Sprts benefit Mustafa.
C．Hair lss depressed Mustafa.
D．Mustafa’s treatment failed.
7．What led t Salam’s decisin n the missin?
A．His sympathy.
B．Family supprt.
C．Gvemment fund.
D．Mustafa’s enthusiasm.
8．What kind f persn is Salam accrding t the passage?
A．Cautius and creative.B．Inspiring and talented.
C．Caring and determined.D．Ambitius and patient.
【答案】5．D 6．C 7．A 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了埃及的萨拉姆，他一直在为患有癌症的儿童个人资助和设计免费假发，给他们战胜疾病的力量，后来他决定为患癌症的孩子们提供免费的假发，让他们振作起来。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Five-year-ld Mustafa is smiling fr the first time in ages. She did nt receive a new ty r her favrite candy; rather, she gt a wig (假发).(五岁的穆斯塔法这么多年来第一次露出了笑容。她没有收到新玩具或她最喜欢的糖果；相反，她得到了一顶假发)”可推知，第一段提到的玩具和糖果来突出假发的价值。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She saw children her age jumping in playgrunds and spending hurs styling their hair, while she culdn’t. Lsing her hair made her hpeless, negatively impacting her respnse t treatment,(她看到同龄的孩子在操场上蹦蹦跳跳，花上几个小时做发型，而她却不能。失去头发让她绝望，对她的治疗产生了负面影响)”可知，父亲的话表明，脱发使穆斯塔法很沮丧。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段中的““Many families can barely affrd expensive cancer treatment csts, let alne cstly csmetic (美容) services that can play a huge rle in restring children’s cnfidence and giving them strength t cntinue their treatment,” said Salam.(“许多家庭几乎负担不起昂贵的癌症治疗费用，更不用说昂贵的美容服务了，而美容服务可以在恢复孩子们的信心、给他们继续治疗的力量方面发挥巨大作用，”萨拉姆说)”可知，萨拉姆很同情这些孩子的遭遇，所以开始行动起来。由此推知，萨拉姆的同情促使他决定执行这项任务。故选A。
8．推理判断题。第四段中的““Many families can barely affrd expensive cancer treatment csts, let alne cstly csmetic (美容) services that can play a huge rle in restring children’s cnfidence and giving them strength t cntinue their treatment,” said Salam.(“许多家庭几乎负担不起昂贵的癌症治疗费用，更不用说昂贵的美容服务了，而美容服务可以在恢复孩子们的信心、给他们继续治疗的力量方面发挥巨大作用，”萨拉姆说)”可推知，萨拉姆很有爱心。根据最后一段中的“Despite the several challenges, Salam said making wigs gives him as much happiness as it des fr his yung custmers.(萨拉姆说，尽管遇到了一些挑战，但制作假发给他带来的快乐和为他的年轻顾客带来的快乐一样多)”可推知，萨拉姆是一个意志坚定的人。故选C。
3.（2023·浙江金华·校联考一模）The rmantic Rhine, which flws mre than 700 miles frm Switzerland t the Nrth Sea, is ne f the mst ppular cruising(巡游) rivers in Eurpe, with many ptins available. Take a lk at things t d in Rhine River!
Amsterdam
Many Rhine River Cruises begin r end in Amsterdam. This city is ppular amng multiple age grups and types f travelers fr its relaxing atmsphere. Grab a bicycle and enjy an afternn f cafes, art, and histrical sites. The Anne Frank Huse is a ppular attractin in Amsterdam. Be sure t check if yur river cruise can help with advance tickets as the lines are cnsistently lng, thugh.
Neuschwanstein Castle
This fairytale castle is in the heart f Bavaria, Germany. Situated in the Black Frest, and cnjuring up(唤起) visins f princes and princesses, it is an extremely ppular turist attractin. It was in fact ne f the inspiratins fr Walt Disney’s Sleeping Beauty Castle. If yur Rhine River cruise includes a stp in Munich, there’s a gd chance that visits t Neuschwanstein will be available.
Strasburg
If yu’re lking fr a classic Eurpean cuntry twn, this is the stp fr yu Strasburg has a typical French feel, with cbblestned streets, small shps, and f curse a cathedral. Be sure t visit picturesque Petite France, the histric quarter f twn, and Rhan Palace t walk in the ftsteps f Marie Antinette, the last queen f France befre the French Revlutin. Strasburg is als a delightful place fr visit fr Christmas markets.
Basel
Sharing three internatinal brders: Switzerland, Germany, and France, Basel presents a fascinating cmbinatin f cultures, cuisines, and languages. Yu can enjy several wnderful histric sights in Basel, within a shrt distance frm each ther, and dn’t miss a walk thrugh the Btanical Gardens
9．What d Amsterdam and Strasburg have in cmmn?
A．They have histrical sites.
B．They have a relaxing French style.
C．They are hme t big shpping malls.
D．They are famus fr the picturesque scenery.
10．What might be the reasn fr Neuschwanstein Castle’s ppularity?
A．Its mysterius stry.B．Its favurable lcatin
C．Its fairytale rmance.D．Its inspiratin fr films.
11．Which stp wuld yu recmmend mst t thse wh want t experience diverse cultures?
A．AmsterdamB．Neuschwanstein Castle.
C．StrasburgD．Basel.
【答案】9．A 10．C 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在莱茵河畔的四个典型城市。
9．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Many Rhine River Cruises begin r end in Amsterdam. This city is ppular amng multiple age grups and types f travelers fr its relaxing atmsphere. Grab a bicycle and enjy an afternn f cafes, art, and histrical sites. The Anne Frank Huse is a ppular attractin in Amsterdam. Be sure t check if yur river cruise can help with advance tickets as the lines are cnsistently lng, thugh. (许多莱茵河游船在阿姆斯特丹开始或结束。这座城市因其轻松的氛围而受到不同年龄层和类型的游客的欢迎。抓一辆自行车，享受一个下午的咖啡馆，艺术，和历史遗迹。安妮·弗兰克之家是阿姆斯特丹一个受欢迎的景点。不过，一定要检查一下你的游船能否帮你提前订票，因为队伍总是很长。)”和文章第四段“If yu’re lking fr a classic Eurpean cuntry twn, this is the stp fr yu Strasburg has a typical French feel, with cbblestned streets, small shps, and f curse a cathedral. Be sure t visit picturesque Petite France, the histric quarter f twn, and Rhan Palace t walk in the ftsteps f Marie Antinette, the last queen f France befre the French Revlutin. Strasburg is als a delightful place fr visit fr Christmas markets. (如果你正在寻找一个经典的欧洲乡村小镇，那么斯特拉斯堡是你的不二之选。斯特拉斯堡有典型的法国风情，鹅卵石铺成的街道，小商店，当然还有大教堂。一定要参观风景如画的小法兰西，历史悠久的小镇和罗汉宫，走在法国大革命前法国最后一位女王玛丽·安托瓦内特的脚步中。斯特拉斯堡也是参观圣诞集市的好地方。)”可知，阿姆斯特丹和斯特拉斯堡都有历史遗迹。故选A。
10．推理判断题。由文章第三段“This fairytale castle is in the heart f Bavaria, Germany. Situated in the Black Frest, and cnjuring up(唤起) visins f princes and princesses, it is an extremely ppular turist attractin. It was in fact ne f the inspiratins fr Walt Disney’s Sleeping Beauty Castle. If yur Rhine River cruise includes a stp in Munich, there’s a gd chance that visits t Neuschwanstein will be available. (这座童话般的城堡位于德国巴伐利亚州的中心。它坐落在黑森林里，让人联想到王子和公主，是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点。事实上，它是华特·迪斯尼睡美人城堡的灵感来源之一。如果你的莱茵河游轮在慕尼黑有一站，那么你很有可能可以参观新天鹅堡。)”可知，新天鹅堡受欢迎的原因可能是因为它是童话般的城堡。故选C。
11．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Sharing three internatinal brders: Switzerland, Germany, and France, Basel presents a fascinating cmbinatin f cultures, cuisines, and languages. Yu can enjy several wnderful histric sights in Basel, within a shrt distance frm each ther, and dn’t miss a walk thrugh the Btanical Gardens (巴塞尔共有三个国际边界：瑞士、德国和法国，展现了文化、美食和语言的迷人结合。您可以在巴塞尔欣赏几处美妙的历史景点，彼此相距不远，也不要错过植物园的漫步)”可知，这里有不同的文化。故选D。
4.（2023·浙江温州·统考一模）In 1970s, a psychlgist named J. P. Guilfrd cnducted a famus study f creativity knwn as the nine-dt puzzle (九点谜题). He challenged research subjects t cnnect all nine dts using just fur straight lines withut lifting their pencils frm the page. All the participants limited the pssible slutins t thse within the imaginary square. Only 20 percent managed t break ut f the cnfinement (束缚) and cntinue their lines in the white space surrunding the dts.
The fact that 80 percent f the participants were effectively blinded by the bundaries f the square led Guilfrd t jump t the sweeping cnclusin that creativity requires yu t g utside the bx. The idea went viral. Overnight, it seemed that creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers hw t think utside the bx. The cncept enjyed such strng ppularity that n ne bthered t check the facts. N ne, that is, befre tw different research teams-Clarke Burnham with Kenneth Davis, and Jseph Alba with Rbert Weisberg-ran anther experiment.
Bth teams fllwed the same way f dividing participants int tw grups. The first grup was given the same instructins as the participants in Guilfrd’s experiment. The secnd grup was tld that the slutin required the lines t be drawn utside the imaginary bx. Guess what? Only 25 percent slved the puzzle. In statistical terms, this 5 percent imprvement is insignificant as this culd be called sampling errr.
Let’s lk a little mre clsely at the surprising result. Slving this prblem requires peple t literally think utside the bx. Yet participants’ perfrmance was nt imprved even when they were given specific instructins t d s. That is, direct and clear instructins t think utside the bx did nt help. That this advice is useless shuld effectively have killed ff the much widely spread — and therefre, much mre dangerus — metaphr (比喻) that ut-f-the-bx thinking bsts creativity. After all, with ne simple yet brilliant experiment, researchers had prven that the cnceptual link between thinking utside the bx and creativity was a misunderstanding.
12．What did the nine-dt puzzle study fcus n?
A．Visual perceptin.
B．Thinking patterns.
C．Practical experience.
D．Theretical knwledge.
13．Why did the tw research teams run the fllw-up experiment?
A．T test the catchy cncept.
B．T cntradict the initial idea.
C．T cllect supprting evidence
D．T identify the underlying lgic.
14．Which f the fllwing best describes the fllw-up experiment?
A．Grundless.B．Inspiring.C．Fruitless.D．Revealing.
15．Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．Puzzle Slving: A Key T Creativity
B．Thinking Outside the Bx: A Misguided Idea
C．Nine-Dt Puzzle: A Magic Test
D．Creative Thinking: We Fell Fr The Trap
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了20世纪70年代，一位名叫J. P.吉尔福德的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”, 这让吉尔福德得出了一个笼统的结论：创造力需要你跳出框框。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He challenged research subjects t cnnect all nine dts using just fur straight lines withut lifting their pencils frm the page. All the participants limited the pssible slutins t thse within the imaginary square. Only 20 percent managed t break ut f the cnfinement (束缚) and cntinue their lines in the white space surrunding the dts. (他要求研究对象在不把铅笔从纸上拿起来的情况下，用四条直线把九个点连起来。所有的参与者都将可能的解决方案限制在虚方范围内。只有20%的人成功地打破了限制，在圆点周围的白色空间里继续他们的线条)”可推知，九点谜题研究的重点是思维模式。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The idea went viral. Overnight, it seemed that creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers hw t think utside the bx. The cncept enjyed such strng ppularity that n ne bthered t check the facts. N ne, that is, befre tw different research teams-Clarke Burnham with Kenneth Davis, and Jseph Alba with Rbert Weisberg-ran anther experiment. (一夜之间，各地的创造力专家似乎都在教管理者如何跳出固有思维。这个概念非常受欢迎，以至于没有人费心去核实事实。在两个不同的研究小组——克拉克·伯纳姆和肯尼斯·戴维斯以及约瑟夫·阿尔巴和罗伯特·维斯伯格——进行另一个实验之前，没有人做过另一个实验)”可推知，两个研究小组进行了后续实验来测试这个吸引人的概念。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Yet participants’ perfrmance was nt imprved even when they were given specific instructins t d s. That is, direct and clear instructins t think utside the bx did nt help. That this advice is useless shuld effectively have killed ff the much widely spread — and therefre, much mre dangerus — metaphr (比喻) that ut-f-the-bx thinking bsts creativity.(然而，即使给了参与者明确的指示，他们的表现也没有得到改善。也就是说，直接而明确的跳出思维定式的指示并没有帮助。这个建议是无用的，这应该有效地扼杀了广泛传播的——因此，更危险的——开箱即用思维促进创造力的比喻。毕竟，通过一个简单而出色的实验，研究人员已经证明，打破常规思考和创造力之间的概念联系是一种误解)”可推知，后续的实验很有启示意义。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“In 1970s, a psychlgist named J. P. Guilfrd cnducted a famus study f creativity knwn as the nine-dt puzzle (九点谜题). (20世纪70年代，一位名叫J. P.吉尔福德的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”)”及下文介绍可知，文章主要介绍了20世纪70年代，一位名叫J. P.吉尔福德的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”, 这让吉尔福德得出了一个笼统的结论:创造力需要你跳出框框。由此可知，Nine-Dt Puzzle: A Magic Test(九点谜题：一个神奇的测试)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
5.（2023·浙江宁波·统考一模）When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez takes dwn any unusual behaviur she sees n the rad. She then feeds these int machine-learning algrithms (算法), a frm f AI, which are intended t prduce a system reliable enugh fr a car t drive itself withut any disturbance frm the driver, and cpe with all situatins n the rad. But this prving hard t achieve, carmakers chse t scale back many attempts t d s. Last year, fr instance, Uber, a ride-hailing service, sld ff its unit develping self-driving cars at a lw price.
Autnmus vehicles are basted as being nt just cnvenient but ptentially safer. Hwever, just as peple take time t learn hw t drive safely, machines are n exceptin. The RAND Crpratin, an American think-tank, calculates that t develp a system 20% safer than a human driver, a fleet f 100 self-driving cars wuld have t perate 24 hurs a day, 365 days a year, and cver 14 billin kilmetres. At average rad speeds, that wuld take abut 400 years.
Carmakers such as Prsche therefre accelerate the develpment prcess using simulatrs (模拟器). These teach sftware abut danger nly rarely encuntered in reality. Dr Martinez and her clleagues emply “game engines”, the prgrams that generate pht realistic images in cmputer games, t d this. These are used t create virtual wrlds thrugh which the sftware can drive.
Hw quickly, if ever, all this will translate int reality remains t be seen. Bth regulatrs and custmers will need t vercme dubt that a sftware driver really can be safer than human. Frm Prsche’s pint f view, thugh, there is ne ther relevant questin. Given that much f the reasn fr wning a sprts car is fr wners t shw ff what they regard as their driving skills, just hw big a market will there be fr a versin where sftware takes thse basting rights away?
16．What d the underlined wrds “scale back” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．MakeB．Overlk.C．Encurage.D．Reduce.
17．The learning prcess f autnmus vehicles’ safe driving can be described as___________.
A．time-cnsumingB．fast-pacedC．thught-prvkingD．well-designed
18．What challenge d autnmus vehicles bring t Prsche?
A．Ensuring the pleasure f drivingB．Making their sprts cars affrdable.
C．Remving public dubts abut safety.D．Integrating game engines int their vehicles.
19．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Prsche: Sprts Cars at RiskB．Self-driving Cars: Still Sme Way t G
C．Simulatrs: The Cre f Autnmus VehiclesD．Machine Learning Algrithms: The Arrival f Al
【答案】16．D 17．A 18．A 19．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述开发自动驾驶汽车的问题以及对跑车市场的影响。
16．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Last year, fr instance, Uber, a ride-hailing service, sld ff its unit develping self-driving cars at a lw price.(例如，去年，叫车服务公司优步（Uber）低价出售了开发自动驾驶汽车的部门)”可知，后文低价出售自动驾驶汽车的部门的例子说明汽车制造商选择减少许多这样做的尝试。故划线词意思是“减少”。故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“The RAND Crpratin, an American think-tank, calculates that t develp a system 20% safer than a human driver, a fleet f 100 self-driving cars wuld have t perate 24 hurs a day, 365 days a year, and cver 14 billin kilmetres. At average rad speeds, that wuld take abut 400 years.(据美国智库兰德公司(RAND Crpratin)计算，要开发一个比人类驾驶员安全20%的系统，100辆自动驾驶汽车的车队必须一年365天，每天24小时运行，行驶140亿公里。按照平均道路速度，这需要大约400年的时间)”可知，自动驾驶汽车安全驾驶的学习过程是非常耗时的。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Frm Prsche’s pint f view, thugh, there is ne ther relevant questin. Given that much f the reasn fr wning a sprts car is fr wners t shw ff what they regard as their driving skills, just hw big a market will there be fr a versin where sftware takes thse basting rights away?(不过，从保时捷的角度来看，还有一个相关的问题。考虑到拥有跑车的主要原因是为了炫耀他们认为自己的驾驶技术，那么一个软件夺走了这些炫耀权利的版本会有多大的市场？)”可知，自动驾驶汽车在确保驾驶的乐趣方面会给保时捷带来挑战。故选A。
19．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Autnmus vehicles are basted as being nt just cnvenient but ptentially safer. Hwever, just as peple take time t learn hw t drive safely, machines are n exceptin. The RAND Crpratin, an American think-tank, calculates that t develp a system 20% safer than a human driver, a fleet f 100 self-driving cars wuld have t perate 24 hurs a day, 365 days a year, and cver 14 billin kilmetres. At average rad speeds, that wuld take abut 400 years.(自动驾驶汽车被吹嘘为不仅方便，而且可能更安全。然而，就像人们花时间学习如何安全驾驶一样，机器也不例外。据美国智库兰德公司(RAND Crpratin)计算，要开发一个比人类驾驶员安全20%的系统，100辆自动驾驶汽车的车队必须一年365天，每天24小时运行，行驶140亿公里。按照平均道路速度，这需要大约400年的时间)”结合文章主要讲述开发自动驾驶汽车的问题以及对跑车市场的影响。可知，B选项“自动驾驶汽车：仍有一段路要走”最符合文章标题。故选B。
6.（2023·浙江金华·校联考一模）I ask every student I interview fr admissin t my institutin, Pitzer Cllege, the same questin, “What d yu lk frward t the mst in cllege?” I was astnished and delighted recently when a student replied, “I lk frward t the pssibility f failure.” Of curse, this is nt hw mst students respnd t the questin when sitting befre the persn wh can make decisins abut their academic futures, but this yung man tk a risk.
“Yu see, my parents have never let me fail,” he said. “When I want t take a chance at smething, they remind me it’s nt a safe rute t take. Taking a mre demanding curse r trying an activity I may nt succeed in, they tell me, will ruin my chances at cllege admissin.”
I wish I culd tell yu this is an uncmmn stry, but kids all ver the wrld admit they are under great pressure t be perfect. When I was traveling in China last fall and asked a Chinese student what she did fr fun, she replied: “I thught I wasn’t suppsed t tell yu that? I wuldn’t want yu t think I am nt serius abut my wrk!”
Students are usually in shck when I laugh and tell them I never expect perfectin. Of curse, this ges against everything they’ve been tld. Hw culd a dean (院长) f admissin at ne f America’s mst selective institutins nt want the best and the brightest? The reality is, perfectin desn’t exist, and we dn’t expect t see it in a cllege applicatin. In fact, admissin fficers tend t questin students wh present themselves as individuals withut shrtcmings.
We get the mst excited when we read an applicatin that seems real. It’s s rare t hear stries f defeat. If their perspectives are f lessns learned, these applicants tend t jump t the tp at highly selective clleges. We believe an errr in high schl shuld nt define the rest f yur life, but hw yu respnd culd shape yu frever.
20．What can we learn abut the student in the first tw paragraphs?
A．He is taught nt t take risks.
B．He tries t avid any chance f failure.
C．He cares little abut his academic futures
D．He is seldm allwed t take part in activities.
21．Why des the authr mentin the Chinese student in paragraph 3?
A．T emphasize the imprtance f hard wrk.
B．T cmpare students frm different cuntries.
C．T give an example f the students he favrs.
D．T illustrate the widespread stress n students
22．What is prbably admissin fficers’ attitude twards a perfect applicatin?
A．Dubtful.B．Cnfused.C．Favrable.D．Casual.
23．What is the key t success in cllege accrding t the authr?
A．A desire fr perfectin
B．The ability t learn frm defeats.
C．The pprtunity f making mistakes.
D．An experience f defeat in high schl
【答案】20．A 21．D 22．A 23．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者是大学的面试官，但是从不会期待学生做得过于完美，因为作者认为有失败经历的申请才是真实的，学生也应该从失败中获益。
20．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“When I want t take a chance at smething, they remind me it’s nt a safe rute t take. Taking a mre demanding curse r trying an activity I may nt succeed in, they tell me, will ruin my chances at cllege admissin. (当我想尝试某事时，他们会提醒我这不是一条安全的路。他们告诉我，选一门难度更高的课程或尝试一项我可能不会成功的活动，会毁掉我被大学录取的机会。)”可知，这个学生被父母教导不要冒险。故选A。
21．推理判断题。由文章第三段“I wish I culd tell yu this is an uncmmn stry, but kids all ver the wrld admit they are under great pressure t be perfect. When I was traveling in China last fall and asked a Chinese student what she did fr fun, she replied:“ I thught I wasn’t suppsed t tell yu that? I wuldn’t want yu t think I am nt serius abut my wrk!” (我希望我能告诉你，这是一个不同寻常的故事，但世界各地的孩子都承认，他们面临着巨大的压力，要做到完美。去年秋天，当我在中国旅行时，问一位中国学生她做了什么好玩的事，她回答说：“我以为我不应该告诉你？我不想让你认为我对工作不认真！”)”可知，作者在第3段提到中国学生是想说明学生普遍承受的压力。故选D。
22．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“The reality is, perfectin desn’t exist, and we dn’t expect t see it in a cllege applicatin. In fact, admissin fficers tend t questin students wh present themselves as individuals withut shrtcmings. (现实是，完美是不存在的，我们也不指望在大学申请中看到完美。事实上，招生官往往会质疑那些表现得没有缺点的学生。)”可知，招生官对一份完美的申请可能往往会质疑。故选A。
23．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“We believe an errr in high schl shuld nt define the rest f yur life, but hw yu respnd culd shape yu frever. (我们相信，高中时的一个错误不应该决定你的余生，但你的应对方式可能会永远影响你。)”可知，作者认为，在大学里取得成功的关键是从失败中学习的能力。故选B。
7.（2023·广东佛山·佛山一中校考二模）When yu were at schl, were yu ever tld t stp daydreaming and cncentrate? It was easy fr yur mind t wander if yu weren’t interested in what yu were learning r if yu had better things t think abut. Staying fcused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding hw t d it, and knwing what is distracting yu, can help.
Scientists have lked at what makes us delay and fund a number f ways t help us stay in the zne. One f the mst bvius things is eliminating nise. Research by Science Fcus magazine fund silence is the best fr cncentratin, r a gentle backgrund hum and cffee shp nise is great! It als fund turning ff ntificatins n yur phne, r switching it ff altgether, remves a majr distractin and helps us fcus n the task at hand.
Anther pssible cure fr a shrt attentin span is brain training. Psychlgists and neurscientists are increasingly interested in ur ability t settle dwn and have lked at what we can change inside ur head t make us cncentrate. An article fr BBC Future by Carline Williams says that “Attentin Researcher Nilli Lavie f University Cllege Lndn has fund that making a task mre visually demanding takes up mre prcessing pwer and leaves the brain nthing left t prcess distractins.” S, keeping yur mind busy might be the answer.
There are mre practical tips t keeping yur mind fcused. These include making a list r timetable f the tasks yu have t d, finding a wrkspace where yu’re nt tempted t d ther things, r chewing sme gum! It’s pssible the mvement in yur muth ccupies parts f the brain that might therwise get distracted.
But accrding t Science Fcus magazine, distractin isn’t all bad. “If we were always s fcused that we never g distracted, we’d miss ptential changes, such as threats, in ur envirnment. Distractin is vital fr survival.”
24．Which f the fllwing is similar t the underlined phrase in paragrapb 2?
A．Cncerned.B．Enthusiastic.C．Calm.D．Absrbed.
25．Why des the authr suggest keeping ur mind busy?
A．T intrduce a mental recvery.
B．T explain the cause f distractin.
C．T recmmend a kind f intelligence training.
D．T suggest a way t train the brain t cncentrate.
26．What is Science Fcus magazine’s attitude t distractin?
A．Cntradictry.B．All-sided.C．Dubtful.D．Puzzling.
27．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Hw t Stay FcusedB．The Harm f Distractin
C．The Research abut DistractinD．The Benefits f Keeping Fcused
【答案】24．D 25．D 26．B 27．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了成年人容易分心，对此科学家研究了导致分心的原因并给出了一些有助于保持专注的方法。
24．词句猜测题。第一段中“Staying fcused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding hw t d it, and knwing what is distracting yu, can help.(在成年人的生活中，保持专注仍然是一个挑战，但了解如何做到这一点，知道是什么让你分心，会有所帮助。)”提出问题：成年人容易分心，无法专注，而画线词所以在句“Scientists have lked at what makes us delay and fund a number f ways t help us stay...(科学家们研究了导致我们拖延的原因，并找到了一些方法帮助我们……)”告诉我们，科学家们已经找到了原因，并给出一些帮助我们stay in the zne的方法。由此推知，in the zne即第一段中所说的“专注”，与D选项absrbed“全神贯注的”意思相近。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Anther pssible cure fr a shrt attentin span is brain training. Psychlgists and neurscientists are increasingly interested in ur ability t settle dwn and have lked at what we can change inside ur head t make us cncentrate.(另一种治疗注意力持续时间短的方法是大脑训练。心理学家和神经科学家对我们安定下来的能力越来越感兴趣，并研究了我们可以改变大脑内部的什么来让我们集中注意力。)”和““Attentin Researcher Nilli Lavie f University Cllege Lndn has fund that making a task mre visually demanding takes up mre prcessing pwer and leaves the brain nthing left t prcess distractins.” S, keeping yur mind busy might be the answer.(“伦敦大学学院的注意力研究员Nilli Lavie发现，让一项任务对视觉的要求更高，会消耗更多的处理能力，让大脑无法处理分心的事情。”所以，让你的大脑忙碌起来可能是答案。)”可推知，作者建议让我们的大脑保持忙碌是在提出一种训练大脑集中注意力的方法。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But accrding t Science Fcus magazine, distractin isn’t all bad. “If we were always s fcused that we never gt distracted, we’d miss ptential changes, such as threats, in ur envirnment. Distractin is vital fr survival.”(但根据《科学焦点》杂志，分心也不全是坏事。“如果我们总是如此专注，从不分心，我们就会错过环境中的潜在变化，比如威胁。分散注意力对生存至关重要。”)”可推知，《科学焦点》杂志对“分心”的态度是客观全面的。故选B。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Staying fcused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding hw t d it, and knwing what is distracting yu, can help.(在成年人的生活中，保持专注仍然是一个挑战，但了解如何做到这一点，知道是什么让你分心，会有所帮助)”和第二段中“Scientists have lked at what makes us delay and fund a number f ways t help us stay in the zne.(科学家们研究了导致我们分心的原因，并找到了一些帮助我们保持状态的方法)”可知，文章主要说明了成年人容易分心，对此科学家研究了导致分心的原因并给出了一些有助于保持专注的方法。所以，A项“Hw t stay fcused (如何保持专注)”是文章最佳标题。故选A。
8.（2023·湖北襄阳·襄阳四中校考模拟预测）Fr years, I rejected this part f myself, until I realized what I was missing.
I used t be prud f my suthern rigin. My wn vice reflected my family’s past and present, all suthern. While grwing up, I began t realize utside f ur regin, sutherners were ften dismissed as uncultured and uneducated, ignrant and narrw-minded. In that awkward stage between teenager and adult, my accent was a symbl f everything I hated abut my life in the rural Suth.
The prcess f getting rid f my accent began in high schl with Gilmre Girls. After each episde, I’d stand befre a mirrr, practicing the characters’ lines in an effrt t speak like a “nrmal” white upper-middle-class girl. Eventually, I was successful at breaking dwn my tngue and rebuilding it. Every time I was asked where I was frm, I wuld say “near Memphis” r make an ambiguus statement abut my cuntry backgrund.
Nw I’m living in a big city with a respectable jb dwntwn. Every step I walk frm the train statin t the ffice seems victrius. Hwever, I’ve been pretending and I’m fed up with it. Occasinally my ld self escapes frm my lips when encuraged by an extra glass f whiskey, but I uncnsciusly g back t the safety f the unaccented minutes later, making me feel as if I’m a fraud — a girl wh frgets where she cmes frm. Then gradually I’ve becme kind f hmesick that leads me t put n the ld Highwmen recrd and dance arund, singing with all the accent s I’ve gt left.
My grandmther used t tell me, “Girl, dn’t yu frget where yu cme frm?” Memries are fading by time but this ne has remained impressed n my mind. S, I decide t mve back. I’m still searching fr what it means t be suthern, but nw I’m ding it with all the “y’alls”, and “ain’ts” I’ve kept back fr s lng.
28．Why did the authr decide t get rid f her suthern accent?
A．Because she hated the suthern rural life.B．Because it reflected her shameful past.
C．Because it made her laughed at by thers.D．Because she was misled by prejudice.
29．What’s the main idea f Paragraph 3?
A．The authr learnt the language well.B．The authr managed t rebuild her accent.
C．The authr made a white upper class girl.D．The authr finally succeeded in big cities.
30．What cntributed mst t the authr’s return t her suthern accent?
A．Her grandmther’s wrds.B．Her hmesickness.
C．Her bredm f pretending.D．Her ver-drinking.
31．What message des the passage want t cnvey?
A．Everyne has his dark secret.B．Gd helps thse wh help themselves.
C．There’s always a silver lining in the clud.D．Yu shuld never cmprmise wh yu are.
【答案】28．D 29．B 30．C 31．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者因为别人的偏见以及追求更好的生活改变自己的南方口音，但后来才意识到这样做抹杀了自己身份的一部分，决定找回自己的南方口音。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“While grwing up, I began t realize utside f ur regin, sutherners were ften dismissed as uncultured and uneducated, ignrant and narrw-minded. In that awkward stage between teenager and adult, my accent was a symbl f everything I hated abut my life in the rural Suth.(在成长过程中，我开始意识到，在我们的地区之外，南方人经常被视为没有文化、没有受过教育、无知和心胸狭窄。在青少年和成年人之间的尴尬阶段，我的口音象征着我讨厌的南方农村生活的一切)”可知，作者被别人对南方人的偏见误导，决定改掉自己的南方口音，故选D。
29．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The prcess f getting rid f my accent began in high schl with Gilmre Girls. After each episde, I’d stand befre a mirrr, practicing the characters’ lines in an effrt t speak like a ‘nrmal’ white upper-middle-class girl. Eventually, I was successful at breaking dwn my tngue and rebuilding it.(摆脱口音的过程始于高中的Gilmre Girls。每集结束后，我都会站在镜子前，练习角色的台词，努力让自己说话像一个‘正常’的白人中上层女孩。最终，我成功地打破了我的说话方式并重建了起来)”可知，本段主要讲述作者花费很大力气去模仿Gilmre Girls剧中角色的台词，最后成功改掉了自己的南方口音，故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Hwever, I’ve been pretending and I’m fed up with it.(然而，我一直在假装，我受够了)”可知，作者受够了一直假装，决定找回自己的南方口音，故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合倒数第二段中“but I uncnsciusly g back t the safety f the unaccented minutes later, making me feel as if I’m a fraud — a girl wh frgets where she cmes frm.(这让我觉得自己好像是个骗子——一个忘记自己来自哪里的女孩)”和最后一段中“My grandmther used t tell me, ‘Girl, dn’t yu frget where yu cme frm?’ Memries are fading by time but this ne has remained impressed n my mind. S, I decide t mve back.(我的祖母曾经对我说：‘女孩，你不要忘记你来自哪里吗？’记忆随着时间的流逝而褪色，但这一件事却深深地印在我的脑海里。所以，我决定回来)”可知，文章主要讲述作者因为别人的偏见以及追求更好的生活改变自己的口音，但后来才意识到这样做抹杀了自己身份的一部分，决定找回自己的南方口音，所以本文想要传达的是“永远不要妥协，做真实的自己”，故选D。
9.（2023·山东·德州市第一中学校联考模拟预测）Damn Carsn calls himself a matchmaker (媒人) f the never-ending waste f American sciety, trying nt t pair peple with peple, but things with peple.
In the late 1990s, Carsn was n break frm business schl in Vail, Clrad, when he discvered the vast wrld f waste. He began thinking abut creating a secndhand stre that wuld sell ld materials and keep them ut f being wasted. As a result, in 2010, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials appeared.
Fr nearly ten years, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials, has nt been lking t recycle the waste he gets — breaking it dwn t make smething new — but rather finding new hmes fr thrwn-away gds in their riginal frms.
Carsn, a husband and father f three adult children, is far frm wasteful. Frugal is hw he describes himself. The clthes he’s wearing all came frm a charity shp; his truck was bught with 290, 000 kilmeters driven.
“Why break smething dwn, why melt smething dwn, if it still has value?” he asks. An ld il-field pipe might be melted dwn and turned int a car bumper, but it still takes an amunt f pwer t finish the cmplete change. Why nt leave it as a steel pipe? Why nt turn it int a fence pst n a farm? The nly cst is transprt.
American industrial facilities create and thrw abut 7.6 billin tns f unwanted industrial materials every year. Fr the mment, Carsn’s unique business finds new lives fr millins f kilgrams f industrial waste every year.
32．What is paragraph tw mainly abut?
A．Carsn’s schl lessns.
B．Carsn’s jurney t Clrad.
C．The start f Carsn’s business.
D．The serius waste f materials.
33．What is Repurpsed Materials aimed at?
A．Marketing wastes t peple in need.
B．Breaking dwn the wasted gds.
C．Manufacturing industrial prducts.
D．Recycling the thrwn-away stuffs.
34．Hw des Carsn describe his life?
A．Ecnmical.B．Petic.C．Tugh.D．Risky.
35．What can we learn frm Carsn?
A．Well began, half dne.
B．Innvative thinking cunts.
C．One is never t ld t learn.
D．Hard wrk will pay back.
【答案】32．C 33．A 34．A 35．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，·文章讲述了达蒙卡森经营公司，为一些被废弃的垃圾寻找新的归宿，不需再次浪费能源回收，保护环境的故事。
32．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“In the late 1990s, Carsn was n break frm business schl in Vail, Clrad, when he discvered the vast wrld f waste. He began thinking abut creating a secndhand stre that wuld sell ld materials and keep them ut f being wasted. As a result, in 2010, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials appeared.(上世纪90年代末，Clrad在科罗拉多州韦尔的商学院休学期间，发现了这个巨大的废物世界。他开始考虑开一家二手店，出售旧材料，防止它们被浪费。结果，在2010年，他的公司Repurpsed Materials出现了)”可知，本段主要讲述Carsn的生意是如何创办的，故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段“Fr nearly ten years, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials, has nt been lking t recycle the waste he gets — breaking it dwn t make smething new — but rather finding new hmes fr thrwn-away gds in their riginal frms.(近十年来，他的公司Repurpsed Materials并没有寻求回收他得到的垃圾——将其分解成新的东西——而是为那些被丢弃的物品以原本的样子寻找新的归宿)”可知，Repurpsed Materials的目标是将废品卖给有需要的人，故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Frugal is hw he describes himself.(节俭是他对自己的描述)”可知，Carsn用节俭描述自己的生活，故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段“Fr nearly ten years, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials, has nt been lking t recycle the waste he gets — breaking it dwn t make smething new — but rather finding new hmes fr thrwn-away gds in their riginal frms.(近十年来，他的公司Repurpsed Materials并没有寻求回收他得到的垃圾——将其分解成新的东西——而是为那些被丢弃的物品以原本的样子寻找新的归宿)”和最后一段中“Fr the mment, Carsn’s unique business finds new lives fr millins f kilgrams f industrial waste every year.(目前，Carsn的独特业务每年为数百万公斤的工业废物找到新的生命)”可知，Carsn的公司并没有将回收的垃圾分解成新的东西，而是为那些被丢弃的物品以原本的样子寻找新的归宿，这项独特业务每年为数百万公斤的工业废物找到新的生命，由此可推知“创新思维很重要”，故选B。
10.（2023·山东·德州市第一中学校联考模拟预测）Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.
Imagine the first butterfly yu stp t admire after a lng winter r the scenery atp a hill after a fresh hike. Smetimes existence delivers us small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.
T better understand this appreciatin, we cnducted a series f studies invlving ver 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their cping strategies t relieve their stress. Thse managing stress by fcusing n their appreciatin fr life’s beauty reprted experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the fllw-ups, we asked them t rate the extent t which they agreed with varius statements, such as “I have a great appreciatin fr the beauty f life” and ther statements related t cherence, purpse, existential mattering. Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.
The final results cnfirmed ur riginal thery: appreciating small things can make life feel mre meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw. Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.
36．What is the authr’s belief in meaningful life?
A．Owning the cherence f life.
B．Setting a lng-term career gal.
C．Valuing what matters just t us.
D．Enjying present beauty f life.
37．What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A．The apprach t cnducting the studies.
B．The analysis f the specific bjectives.
C．The necessity f a lng-term gal in life.
D．The lgic behind experiential appreciatin.
38．What challenges us t feel mre meaningful life accrding t the text?
A．Our fast-paced mdern lifestyle.
B．The lack f emplyment chances.
C．Our fcus n individual feelings.
D．The ignrance f future utcmes.
39．What can be the best title f the passage?
A．Appreciating the past.
B．Living in the mment.
C．Finding yurself back.
D．Embracing the future.
【答案】36．D 37．D 38．A 39．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是体验性欣赏的好处以及我们要活在当下，欣赏生活中的美。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.(许多学者认为，一个有意义的存在归结为三个因素：一个人的生命的连贯性，拥有明确的长期目标，相信自己的生命是重要的。但我们认为还有另一个因素需要考虑。)”，第二段的“We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”和最后一段的“Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.(然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义。)”可知，作者对有意义的生活的信念是享受当下的生活之美。故选D。
37．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.(我们的研究结果显示，越多的人表示他们“欣赏生活”，他们就越觉得自己的存在有价值。在随后的实验中，我们通过要求参与者观看令人敬畏的视频进一步探索了这一现象，他们也报告说，与那些观看更中性视频的人相比，他们在这些时刻有更大的体验感激感和生活意义。)”可知，第三段的主要内容是体验式欣赏背后的逻辑。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw.(我们现代、快节奏、以项目为导向的生活方式让每一天都充满了目标。我们忙得不可开交，试图使我们的产出最大化。这使得我们很容易忽略正在发生的事情。)”可知，我们快节奏的现代生活方式使感受更有意义的生活有了挑战。故选A。
39．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”和最后一段的“Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.(然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义。)”可知，本文主要讲的是体验性欣赏的好处以及我们要活在当下，欣赏生活中的美，因此最好的题目是B选项“Living in the mment.(活在当下。)”。故选B。
试卷类型
年份
篇序
体裁
话题
题量
新高考I卷
2023
A
应用文
自行车租赁和有导游的城市游
3
B
记叙文
生态设计助力生态系统的自我修复
2
C
说明文
数字机简主义
3
D
说明文
集体商议的智慧
1
新高考II卷
2023
A
应用文
黄石国家公园的四项游园活动
3
B
记叙文
学校菜园项目
2
C
说明文
阅读艺术
1
D
说明文
人类与大自然互动
3
新高考I卷
2022
A
说明文
文学概论课程评分原则
2
B
议论文
不要浪费食物
3
C
说明文
让养老院的老人养鸡
1
D
说明文
语音演变
2
新高考II卷
2022
A
应用文
儿童博物馆团体游
3
B
夹叙夹议
孙子误把儿童读物当平板电脑
1
C
说明文
使用Textalyzer来监控司机
1
D
说明文
锻炼对心脏的好处
2
新高考I卷
2021
A
应用文
罗马旅游社介绍
3
B
记叙文
翻乐谱的男子Rbert Titterman
3
C
说明文
保护野生动物和湿地
2
D
议论文
大众化曲解情商本义
1
新高考II卷
2021
A
应用文
约克郡夏日活动
3
B
记叙文
照顾两只幼虎
2
C
说明文
推动艺术教育的发展
2
D
议论文
牧牛机器人的研制
3
相关试卷
专题01 阅读理解细节理解题 （原卷版+解析版）： 这是一份专题01 阅读理解细节理解题 （原卷版+解析版），文件包含01阅读理解细节理解题原卷版docx、01阅读理解细节理解题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共75页， 欢迎下载使用。
第15讲 阅读理解细节理解题（练）-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（原卷版+解析版）： 这是一份第15讲 阅读理解细节理解题（练）-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（原卷版+解析版），文件包含第15讲阅读理解细节理解题练-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测新教材新高考原卷版docx、第15讲阅读理解细节理解题练-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测新教材新高考解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共34页， 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题01 细节题 （原卷版+解析版 ）： 这是一份高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题01 细节题 （原卷版+解析版 ），文件包含专题01细节题原卷版doc、专题01细节题解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共27页， 欢迎下载使用。
