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初中英语人教新目标八年级下册Unit 10知识点整理
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这是一份初中英语人教新目标八年级下册Unit 10知识点整理，共6页。
八年级英语下册Unit 10知识点【Useful expressions】 1.yard sale 庭院拍卖会2.bread maker 面包机3.soft toy 软体玩具；布绒玩具4.check out 察看；观察5.board games 棋类游戏；桌游6.bring back sweet memories 带回甜蜜的回忆7.give away 捐赠，赠送8.in need 贫困；在困境中9.junior high school 初级中学10.primary school 小学11.give up 放弃12.for a while 一会儿13.according to...根据......14.regard...as...把......视为.....；看待15.part with...放弃......；交出......16.no longer 不再17.to be honest 说实在的；实话说18.search for...搜寻......；寻找......19.close to...几乎；接近......20.clear out 清理；丢掉21.in order to do sth.为了做某事22.as for...至于...... 【Target sentences】How long have you had that bike over there?I have had it for three years.I have had it since I was a child.You can also give old things away to people in need.We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms.We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.Although he has not played with his old toys for a long time, …For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday, ……, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now.I have been away for the past few years.Even though it’s old, it’s full of interesting places to see and things to do.It's been around for hundreds of years.It's been around for as long as I can remember.As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts,but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now.Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside tosearch for work in the cities.According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change.Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interesthow their hometowns have changed.Zhong Wei hasn’t been back in close to three years.【Language points】1.—How long have you had that bike over there?—I’ve had it for three years.how long 多长时间在此处引导特殊疑问句，用于询问“多长时间”，常与现在完成时连用。对其回答时常用“for+时间段（for可省略）”“since+过去的时间点或从句”或“since+时间段+ago”。—How long has she been in China? —She has been in China since three years ago.—How long have you learned English? —For more than five years./More than five years.2.Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.memory n.记忆；回忆，其复数形式为 memories。What is your earliest memory?【拓展延伸】① memory 作名词，还可意为“记忆力”。I have a bad memory.② memorize 作动词，意为“记忆”。My Chinese teacher asked me to memorize the poem.3.You can also give old things away to people in need.（1）give away 赠送; 捐赠He was giving his collection away for nothing.【拓展延伸】与 give 相关易混淆的短语有：give out 分发；give off 放出，释放；give in 投降，屈服；give up 停止，放弃；He wouldn’t give out any information.（2）in need 贫困；在困境中；为固定短语in need of 意为“需要……”。We are collecting money for children in need.A friend in need is a friend indeed.(谚语)患难见真情。After working for twelve hours, she was in great need of a rest.4.And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids.（1）check out 察看；观察为“动词 + 副词”型短语，若代词作其宾语，要放在 check 与 out 之间。该短语中 check 作动词，意为“检查，审查”。Maybe we should go to the library and check it out.【拓展延伸】① check out 还有“结账离开”的意思，其反义短语为 check in，意为“（在旅馆、机场等）登记，报到”。— What time should we check out?— By 2 p.m.We’ve checked in at the hotel.② check还可作名词，意为“检查；支票”。Can I pay by check?（2）soft 作形容词，意为“软的；柔软的”，反义词为 hard，“坚硬的”。It is very relaxing for me to lie on a soft sofa after a long time study.【拓展延伸】soft 的其他常见含义：① （声音或音乐）轻柔的，柔和的。It is easy for me to fall asleep with soft music.② （颜色或灯光）柔和的，不耀眼的。I like to read a book in the park in the soft light of the afternoon.③ 不强烈的，和缓的。多用来形容雨、雪、风等。Soft rain started falling and we went back home quickly.5.We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms.clear out 清理；丢掉;为“动词 + 副词”型短语，代词作其宾语时要位于 clear 与 out 之间。该短语中，clear 作动词，意为“清理；清除”。The closet is dirty, and we need to clear it out.It is Kelly’s turn to clear the table.6.We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.（1） decided to do sth.决定做某事 to each sell 不定式作宾语（2）that 引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词 things (3) no longer 不再，为固定短语，相当于 not ...any longer。Mr.Smith no longer works here (= doesn't work here any longer).It’s hard for me to see him as often as before.7.For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday ...own v.拥有；有own 在此处作及物动词，相当于 have。own 的名词形式为owner，意为“物主，主人”。The little girl is the owner of this book.She owns many kinds of books.【拓展延伸】① own作形容词，意为“（用于强调）自己的；本人的”，常作定语修饰名词。I saw it with my own eyes.② own 作代词，常与one’s连用，意为“自己的东西；自己独有的东西”。on one’s own 单独；独自of one’s own 属于自己的You can’t expect him to do it all on his own.I’d like to have a place of my own.8.My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys.(1) part v.离开；分开part 在此处作动词，part with 意为“放弃、交出（尤指不舍得的东西）”，为“动词 + 介词”构成的短语，其后常接名词或代词作宾语。The crowd parted to let him through.They felt sad to part with the old house.(2) certain adj.某种；某事；某人certain 作形容词,在此处意为“某种；某事；某人”，通常用于名词前作定语。A certain person called me yesterday.There are certain things I should discuss with my mother.【拓展延伸】 certain 作形容词，还可表示“确信的，无疑的”，与 sure 同义，此时常用作表语。certainly 作副词，表示“确信地，无疑地”be certain of/ about“对……有把握”。If you want to be certain of getting a ticket, book now.I’m not certain when it will be ready.9.As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now.（1）as for 至于；关于；为固定短语，其中 for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动词 -ing 形式作宾语。As for the weather, it will be a sunny day tomorrow.You can ask the others, but as for myself, I’ll be busy at home.（2）to be honest 说实在的；通常作插入语，其后常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。与 to be honest 意思相近的短语是 to tell (you) the truth“老实说；说实话”。honest 作形容词，意为“诚实的；老实的”。To be honest, he is an honest and hard-working boy.（3） while n.一段时间；一会儿while 在此处用作名词，意为“一段时间；一会儿”，常用单数形式，与不定冠词 a 连用。常用搭配有：after a while 过了一会儿 for a while 暂时，一会儿in a while 不久，马上once in a while 偶尔；有时He comes to our room for a chat once in a while.【拓展延伸】while 还可作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，作并列连词，意为“而；然而”，表示对比、转折。While the discussion was still going on, George came in.There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast.10.Jim has been in Japan for three days.have been in + 地点名词，常与时间段连用，表示“待在某地（多长时间）”。当 have been in 后面接地点副词时，省略 in。— How long have you been in China?— I have been here since six years ago.11.It’s been around for at least 20 years.around adv.在某处；在附近此处 around 作地点副词，表示“在附近；在某处”。I told you.He’s not around.【拓展延伸】around 作副词，还可意为“大约，左右；四周；掉头”，作介词，意为“在……附近；到处”等。There are around one hundred students here.(adv.大约)We spent years travelling around in an old car.(adv.到处)She turned the car around and drove off.(adv.掉头)There is a new movie theater open around the corner. (prep.在附近)12.Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.search v.& n.搜索；搜查① search在此处作动词，意为“搜索；搜查”。search ( + 地点) for sb./ sth.（在某处）搜寻某人/某物search sb.搜某人的身He searched for his schoolbag everywhere.Visitors are regularly searched as they enter the building.② search 意为“搜索；搜查”时还可作名词。in search of 意为“寻找……”。They made a long search for the missing child.Tom went to the big city in search of a good job.13.Among these is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father.among prep.在（其）中；……之一among 作介词，用于三者或三者以上的情况，其常见用法如下：① 用来引出最高级的比较范围。The movie is the best among the modern movies.② 表示“……之一”，相当于“one of …”。New York is among( = one of ) the largest cities in the world.【特别提醒】表示“三个或三个以上的人或物中的每两个之间”，应用 between，而不用 among。She takes some medicine between meals.她在两餐之间吃些药。(不可换为among)14.Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed.regard v.（尤指以某种方式）注视，凝视；将……认为；把……视为；看待(1) regard 在此处作动词，意为“（尤指以某种方式）注视，凝视”。She stood back and regarded him coldly.(2) regard作动词时，还可意为“将……认为；把……视为；看待”，regard…as…表示“把……当作/视为……”His work is highly regarded by artists.We always regard red as the symbol of hope and good luck.15.According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change.according to 在此处意为“据……所说”。According to Professor Li, robots play an important role in people’s daily life.According to the timetable, the train leaves at 8:27.16.In my hometown, there was a big old tree opposite the school.opposite prep.与……相对；在……对面 adj.对面的；另一边的17.considerconsider v.注视；仔细考虑① consider 作及物动词，意为“注视”。He considered the man for some time before speaking to him.② consider 作动词，还可意为“仔细考虑”，与 think about 同义。consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”。The government continues to consider ways to solve the problem.You have to consider what to do next.I seriously considered having a short trip after this important exam.③consider ...as...把......看成......④consider that...认为......He has never considered how to solve the problem.Do you consider that we can finish the project ahead of time?18.Zhong Wei hasn’t been back in close to three years.close to 几乎；接近He was close to tears.他几乎要掉眼泪了。It’s close to six o’clock.Let’s go.（= almost）My house is close to the new supermarket.（= near）19.…, and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood memories. hold v.拥有；抓住hold 作动词，意为“拥有；抓住”，其过去式和过去分词均为held。All people hold the same dream to have a peaceful world.Hold the rope so that you won’t fall.【拓展延伸】hold 的其他常见含义：① 表示“召开，举行”。They will hold a party on Sunday.② 表示“容纳；包含”，不用于进行时态。The movie theater holds 500 people.【Grammar Focus】现在完成时一、含 since 或 for 的现在完成时某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“for + 时间段”“ since＋过去的时间点或从句”或“since + 时间段＋ago”连用。He has worked here for over twenty years.He has learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.She’s been at this school since five years ago.【拓展延伸】含 for 和含 since 的现在完成时的句子有时可互相转换。我从13年前开始就住在这里。I’ve lived here since 13 years ago.= I’ve lived here for 13 years.= It has been 13 years since I began to live here.二、现在完成时中的谓语动词在现在完成时中，与“for + 时间段”“since + 过去的时间点或从句”或“since ＋时间段＋ago”连用的动词必须为延续性动词。常见的延续性动词有 have，live，teach，learn，work，study ，know 等；常见的非延续性动词（词组）有 come，go，leave，start，die，finish，become，join，buy，get married 等。他入团两年了。( × ) He has joined the League for two years.( √ ) He has been a League member for two years.这块手表我买了两年了。( × ) I have bought this watch for two years.( √ ) I have had this watch for two years.【拓展延伸】部分非延续性动词（词组）和与之对应的延续性动词（词组）的表达。【Topic writing】The changes in my hometownMy hometown has changed a lot in recent years. In the past, the air here was very fresh and the environment was good.The houses were small and old.People went to work on foot or by bike.It used to be a very quiet place.Now things are quite different.The houses are big and bright.Many people have their own cars.The changes have brought young people a modern life.They all feel happy.But there are fewer trees than before.The environment is not as good as before, either.I hope my hometown will be more and more beautiful so that we can live a happier life.
八年级英语下册Unit 10知识点【Useful expressions】 1.yard sale 庭院拍卖会2.bread maker 面包机3.soft toy 软体玩具；布绒玩具4.check out 察看；观察5.board games 棋类游戏；桌游6.bring back sweet memories 带回甜蜜的回忆7.give away 捐赠，赠送8.in need 贫困；在困境中9.junior high school 初级中学10.primary school 小学11.give up 放弃12.for a while 一会儿13.according to...根据......14.regard...as...把......视为.....；看待15.part with...放弃......；交出......16.no longer 不再17.to be honest 说实在的；实话说18.search for...搜寻......；寻找......19.close to...几乎；接近......20.clear out 清理；丢掉21.in order to do sth.为了做某事22.as for...至于...... 【Target sentences】How long have you had that bike over there?I have had it for three years.I have had it since I was a child.You can also give old things away to people in need.We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms.We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.Although he has not played with his old toys for a long time, …For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday, ……, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now.I have been away for the past few years.Even though it’s old, it’s full of interesting places to see and things to do.It's been around for hundreds of years.It's been around for as long as I can remember.As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts,but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now.Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside tosearch for work in the cities.According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change.Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interesthow their hometowns have changed.Zhong Wei hasn’t been back in close to three years.【Language points】1.—How long have you had that bike over there?—I’ve had it for three years.how long 多长时间在此处引导特殊疑问句，用于询问“多长时间”，常与现在完成时连用。对其回答时常用“for+时间段（for可省略）”“since+过去的时间点或从句”或“since+时间段+ago”。—How long has she been in China? —She has been in China since three years ago.—How long have you learned English? —For more than five years./More than five years.2.Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.memory n.记忆；回忆，其复数形式为 memories。What is your earliest memory?【拓展延伸】① memory 作名词，还可意为“记忆力”。I have a bad memory.② memorize 作动词，意为“记忆”。My Chinese teacher asked me to memorize the poem.3.You can also give old things away to people in need.（1）give away 赠送; 捐赠He was giving his collection away for nothing.【拓展延伸】与 give 相关易混淆的短语有：give out 分发；give off 放出，释放；give in 投降，屈服；give up 停止，放弃；He wouldn’t give out any information.（2）in need 贫困；在困境中；为固定短语in need of 意为“需要……”。We are collecting money for children in need.A friend in need is a friend indeed.(谚语)患难见真情。After working for twelve hours, she was in great need of a rest.4.And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids.（1）check out 察看；观察为“动词 + 副词”型短语，若代词作其宾语，要放在 check 与 out 之间。该短语中 check 作动词，意为“检查，审查”。Maybe we should go to the library and check it out.【拓展延伸】① check out 还有“结账离开”的意思，其反义短语为 check in，意为“（在旅馆、机场等）登记，报到”。— What time should we check out?— By 2 p.m.We’ve checked in at the hotel.② check还可作名词，意为“检查；支票”。Can I pay by check?（2）soft 作形容词，意为“软的；柔软的”，反义词为 hard，“坚硬的”。It is very relaxing for me to lie on a soft sofa after a long time study.【拓展延伸】soft 的其他常见含义：① （声音或音乐）轻柔的，柔和的。It is easy for me to fall asleep with soft music.② （颜色或灯光）柔和的，不耀眼的。I like to read a book in the park in the soft light of the afternoon.③ 不强烈的，和缓的。多用来形容雨、雪、风等。Soft rain started falling and we went back home quickly.5.We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms.clear out 清理；丢掉;为“动词 + 副词”型短语，代词作其宾语时要位于 clear 与 out 之间。该短语中，clear 作动词，意为“清理；清除”。The closet is dirty, and we need to clear it out.It is Kelly’s turn to clear the table.6.We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.（1） decided to do sth.决定做某事 to each sell 不定式作宾语（2）that 引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词 things (3) no longer 不再，为固定短语，相当于 not ...any longer。Mr.Smith no longer works here (= doesn't work here any longer).It’s hard for me to see him as often as before.7.For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday ...own v.拥有；有own 在此处作及物动词，相当于 have。own 的名词形式为owner，意为“物主，主人”。The little girl is the owner of this book.She owns many kinds of books.【拓展延伸】① own作形容词，意为“（用于强调）自己的；本人的”，常作定语修饰名词。I saw it with my own eyes.② own 作代词，常与one’s连用，意为“自己的东西；自己独有的东西”。on one’s own 单独；独自of one’s own 属于自己的You can’t expect him to do it all on his own.I’d like to have a place of my own.8.My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys.(1) part v.离开；分开part 在此处作动词，part with 意为“放弃、交出（尤指不舍得的东西）”，为“动词 + 介词”构成的短语，其后常接名词或代词作宾语。The crowd parted to let him through.They felt sad to part with the old house.(2) certain adj.某种；某事；某人certain 作形容词,在此处意为“某种；某事；某人”，通常用于名词前作定语。A certain person called me yesterday.There are certain things I should discuss with my mother.【拓展延伸】 certain 作形容词，还可表示“确信的，无疑的”，与 sure 同义，此时常用作表语。certainly 作副词，表示“确信地，无疑地”be certain of/ about“对……有把握”。If you want to be certain of getting a ticket, book now.I’m not certain when it will be ready.9.As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now.（1）as for 至于；关于；为固定短语，其中 for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动词 -ing 形式作宾语。As for the weather, it will be a sunny day tomorrow.You can ask the others, but as for myself, I’ll be busy at home.（2）to be honest 说实在的；通常作插入语，其后常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。与 to be honest 意思相近的短语是 to tell (you) the truth“老实说；说实话”。honest 作形容词，意为“诚实的；老实的”。To be honest, he is an honest and hard-working boy.（3） while n.一段时间；一会儿while 在此处用作名词，意为“一段时间；一会儿”，常用单数形式，与不定冠词 a 连用。常用搭配有：after a while 过了一会儿 for a while 暂时，一会儿in a while 不久，马上once in a while 偶尔；有时He comes to our room for a chat once in a while.【拓展延伸】while 还可作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，作并列连词，意为“而；然而”，表示对比、转折。While the discussion was still going on, George came in.There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast.10.Jim has been in Japan for three days.have been in + 地点名词，常与时间段连用，表示“待在某地（多长时间）”。当 have been in 后面接地点副词时，省略 in。— How long have you been in China?— I have been here since six years ago.11.It’s been around for at least 20 years.around adv.在某处；在附近此处 around 作地点副词，表示“在附近；在某处”。I told you.He’s not around.【拓展延伸】around 作副词，还可意为“大约，左右；四周；掉头”，作介词，意为“在……附近；到处”等。There are around one hundred students here.(adv.大约)We spent years travelling around in an old car.(adv.到处)She turned the car around and drove off.(adv.掉头)There is a new movie theater open around the corner. (prep.在附近)12.Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.search v.& n.搜索；搜查① search在此处作动词，意为“搜索；搜查”。search ( + 地点) for sb./ sth.（在某处）搜寻某人/某物search sb.搜某人的身He searched for his schoolbag everywhere.Visitors are regularly searched as they enter the building.② search 意为“搜索；搜查”时还可作名词。in search of 意为“寻找……”。They made a long search for the missing child.Tom went to the big city in search of a good job.13.Among these is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father.among prep.在（其）中；……之一among 作介词，用于三者或三者以上的情况，其常见用法如下：① 用来引出最高级的比较范围。The movie is the best among the modern movies.② 表示“……之一”，相当于“one of …”。New York is among( = one of ) the largest cities in the world.【特别提醒】表示“三个或三个以上的人或物中的每两个之间”，应用 between，而不用 among。She takes some medicine between meals.她在两餐之间吃些药。(不可换为among)14.Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed.regard v.（尤指以某种方式）注视，凝视；将……认为；把……视为；看待(1) regard 在此处作动词，意为“（尤指以某种方式）注视，凝视”。She stood back and regarded him coldly.(2) regard作动词时，还可意为“将……认为；把……视为；看待”，regard…as…表示“把……当作/视为……”His work is highly regarded by artists.We always regard red as the symbol of hope and good luck.15.According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change.according to 在此处意为“据……所说”。According to Professor Li, robots play an important role in people’s daily life.According to the timetable, the train leaves at 8:27.16.In my hometown, there was a big old tree opposite the school.opposite prep.与……相对；在……对面 adj.对面的；另一边的17.considerconsider v.注视；仔细考虑① consider 作及物动词，意为“注视”。He considered the man for some time before speaking to him.② consider 作动词，还可意为“仔细考虑”，与 think about 同义。consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”。The government continues to consider ways to solve the problem.You have to consider what to do next.I seriously considered having a short trip after this important exam.③consider ...as...把......看成......④consider that...认为......He has never considered how to solve the problem.Do you consider that we can finish the project ahead of time?18.Zhong Wei hasn’t been back in close to three years.close to 几乎；接近He was close to tears.他几乎要掉眼泪了。It’s close to six o’clock.Let’s go.（= almost）My house is close to the new supermarket.（= near）19.…, and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood memories. hold v.拥有；抓住hold 作动词，意为“拥有；抓住”，其过去式和过去分词均为held。All people hold the same dream to have a peaceful world.Hold the rope so that you won’t fall.【拓展延伸】hold 的其他常见含义：① 表示“召开，举行”。They will hold a party on Sunday.② 表示“容纳；包含”，不用于进行时态。The movie theater holds 500 people.【Grammar Focus】现在完成时一、含 since 或 for 的现在完成时某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“for + 时间段”“ since＋过去的时间点或从句”或“since + 时间段＋ago”连用。He has worked here for over twenty years.He has learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.She’s been at this school since five years ago.【拓展延伸】含 for 和含 since 的现在完成时的句子有时可互相转换。我从13年前开始就住在这里。I’ve lived here since 13 years ago.= I’ve lived here for 13 years.= It has been 13 years since I began to live here.二、现在完成时中的谓语动词在现在完成时中，与“for + 时间段”“since + 过去的时间点或从句”或“since ＋时间段＋ago”连用的动词必须为延续性动词。常见的延续性动词有 have，live，teach，learn，work，study ，know 等；常见的非延续性动词（词组）有 come，go，leave，start，die，finish，become，join，buy，get married 等。他入团两年了。( × ) He has joined the League for two years.( √ ) He has been a League member for two years.这块手表我买了两年了。( × ) I have bought this watch for two years.( √ ) I have had this watch for two years.【拓展延伸】部分非延续性动词（词组）和与之对应的延续性动词（词组）的表达。【Topic writing】The changes in my hometownMy hometown has changed a lot in recent years. In the past, the air here was very fresh and the environment was good.The houses were small and old.People went to work on foot or by bike.It used to be a very quiet place.Now things are quite different.The houses are big and bright.Many people have their own cars.The changes have brought young people a modern life.They all feel happy.But there are fewer trees than before.The environment is not as good as before, either.I hope my hometown will be more and more beautiful so that we can live a happier life.
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