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押浙江卷第42-45题 阅读理解（说明文）（原卷版+解析版）
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这是一份押浙江卷第42-45题 阅读理解（说明文）（原卷版+解析版），文件包含押浙江卷第42-45题阅读理解说明文原卷版docx、押浙江卷第42-45题阅读理解说明文解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共27页， 欢迎下载使用。
阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。因此，阅读理解要多下功夫。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。
在阅读理解方面考纲对考生有六大要求，即理解主旨要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义、作出简单判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构、理解作者的意图观点态度。这六个能力要求对应我们常见的六种题型：主旨大意题、细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、文章结构题和作者观点态度题。
（2023·浙江杭州·中考真题）
We all enjy being part f a grup—there’s n better wrk than teamwrk, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwrk can be hard. In fact, it was s difficult that I left my ffice jb and started wrking frm hme n my wn. It’s a much better fit fr me, and it has made me think abut why teamwrk can make ur jbs harder rather than easier.
Persnalities (个性) can make teamwrk difficult. There’s ften smene n the team that puts their needs first. The team ften ges alng with this persn, whse ideas might nt be the best, just the ludest. Just ne difficult persnality can make teamwrk hard. Cmbine (结合) several challenging persnality types, and it’s even harder.
Nt having enugh time tgether can als make teamwrk challenging. Fr example, I was nce n a team where we never had enugh time t meet as a grup. T successfully wrk as a team, yu need time tgether—and lts f it.
A final reasn teamwrk is difficult is because there’s ften n training n hw t wrk n a team. Yu can’t just put peple in a rm and expect them t wrk well with each ther. Yu need t build trust with yur team members. Think f ftball players: They aren’t just given a ball and tld t play. They practice, and they train.
Team can be hard, but wrking alne has its challenges, t. When my cmputer desn’t wrk, I dn’t have an IT persn t turn t. When I have a great idea, I dn’t have anyne t share it with t see if it really is a great idea. Dn’t get me wrng—I still like my team f ne and enjy making all f the imprtant decisins myself. But nw I realize what was wrng with the teamwrk I did in the past and hw gd teamwrk culd be if dne crrectly. And that’s useful infrmatin—because ne day I might want t turn my ME TEAM int a WE TEAM.
1．Why did the writer chse t wrk frm hme n his wn?
A．T keep himself busier.B．T keep himself healthier.
C．T make his jb easier.D．T make his team harder.
2．Which f the fllwing makes teamwrk difficult?
A．Strng persnality.B．Lts f teamwrk time.C．Challenging ideas.D．Clear team rles.
3．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．WE TEAM has hardly any advantages.B．ME TEAM needs a lt f IT engineers.
C．ME TEAM has n challenges fr the writer.D．WE TEAM may be the writer’s chice ne day.
4．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T shw the advantages f teamwrk.B．T tell the imprtance f teamwrk.
C．T intrduce the influence f teamwrk.D．T explain the difficulties f teamwrk.
（2023·浙江宁波·中考真题）
Plants are mre than just pretty t lk at. They give us fruits, vegetables and fd we eat. Sme plants even prvide materials fr medicine r building things. But d yu knw that plants can d smething even mre amazing? They can make ur hmes, schls and wrkplaces much healthier.
We spend a large part f ur day indrs. Unluckily, the air inside buildings can ften be full f chemicals（化学物质）frm many things arund us. This pr air quality（质量）can make us feel sick, causing sre eyes and thrats, and even making it hard fr us t breathe. When the air inside buildings gets really bad, peple even call them “sick buildings”.
The gd news is that plants are like nature’s little superheres. They have a magic pwer fighting against bad air. Plants breathe in carbn dixide (CO2) and breathe ut xygen (O2) which we humans need t live. They can als add misture t the air if it’s t dry, making it mre cmfrtable fr us t breathe.
________ Scientists have discvered that plants have the ability t take in harmful chemicals, making the air arund us safer t breathe. They set up a cmpletely clsed building called “bi-hme” fr experiments. Befre they added plants, the air inside was full f chemicals and peple fund it hard t breathe. But after they added plants, the air gt much cleaner and it became easier t breathe. T make the air inside even better, the scientists used different kinds f plants. After a while, the building wasn’t a “sick building” any mre. Peple culd g inside withut feeling unwell.
S yu see, plants are fantastic! They are nt nly beautiful t lk at, but they als prvide us with fd, help create materials and play an imprtant rle in ur health. They make ur indr envirnments cleaner and healthier, making us feel better. Next time yu see a plant, remember all the amazing things it can d fr us!
5．Which f the fllwing is ne way fr plants t imprve the air inside buildings?
A．They breathe ut carbn dixide.B．They prduce xygen.
C．They give ut harmful chemicals.D．They make the air dry.
6．Which can be the best t fill in the blank ________ in Paragraph 4?
A．But the mst amazing thing plants can d is t clean the air.
B．But ne interesting thing plants can d is t build things.
C．But plants can prvide what humans need t eat.
D．But plants can be used t make medicine fr humans.
7．Hw des the writer supprt his pinin abut plants imprving air quality?
A．By telling persnal experiences.B．By prviding numbers and frms.
C．By questining famus scientists.D．By using scientific experiments.
8．What des the writer mainly want t tell us?
A．Plants are imprtant fr prviding fd.B．Plants make peple lk much better.
C．Plants are gd fr indr envirnments.D．Plants make it easier t build huses.
（2023·浙江台州·中考真题）
The race is n t get mre electric cars n the rad. Peple predict that electric cars might be mre cmmn in the future. But accrding t a 2021 survey by Pew Research Center, mre than half f U, S, adults like gas-pwered cars better. They say electric cars are expensive and charging (充电) them is a big prblem. Fr nw, mst peple plan t stick with gas-pwered cars. We ask yung readers what they think abut electric cars.
9．Over half f the American adults agree that electric cars ________ accrding t the survey.
A．have n prblem in chargingB．are bad fr the envirnment
C．are expensive and less cnvenientD．can wrk better in cld weather
10．The underlined wrd “pricey” prbably means “________”.
A．fastB．slwC．cheapD．expensive
11．Sandy develps her idea mainly by ________.
A．telling striesB．listing factsC．asking questinsD．using sayings
12．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Shuld all cars be electric?
B．Will cars be cmmn in the future?
C．Can electric cars help slw climate change?
D．Are gas-pwered cars bad fr the envirnment?
阅读理解的正确选项特征：
1.原文复现(选项与原文同形式复现)
2.同义转换(通过短语、词性或同义词转换)
3.理解推断(通过逻辑关系及细节分析，进行推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义和隐含意义)
阅读理解的干扰选项特征：
1.细节理解题
说明文常考题型 2.推理判断题
3.词义猜测题
4.主旨大意题/段落大意题
5.逻辑排序题
一．主旨大意题/段落大意题
1.命题形式。
一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或题目设题，针对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意。
2.常见设问方式
1）标题类
(1)The best title/headline fr this passage might be__________.
(2)What is the best title fr the passage?
(3)Which f the fllwing wuld be suitable as a title fr the passage?
2）大意类
(1)This passage chiefly deals with__________.
(2)What’s the tpic f the article?
(3)What is the subject discussed in the text?
3.题目特点
1）考查的范围:基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等
2）运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法,对文章进行高度概括或总结,属于高层次题。
4.解题步骤
1）略读法：快速阅读材料首尾段及段首句,找出各个段落的主题句
2）把各个段落的主题句联系起来,着眼于全文结构安排,概括出文章的中心
3）排除干扰项：利用生活常识编造干扰项,把文中的细节当主旨,利用局部信息编造干扰项,编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题
5.常见解题方法
摘句归纳法(首尾句)、合并归纳法、取主舍次法
二．逻辑排序题
1.命题形式。
给出从原文中抽取出来的5或6个具体事实，要求学生按照事件发生的先后顺序进行排列或以图片的形式呈现，主要考查学生对说明顺序的理解
2.常见设问方式
Which is the crrect rder fr pets t enter the cmpetitin?
What is the crrect rder f the fllwing events frm the passage?
In what rder did the fllwing happen in Darwin's life?
3.解题步骤
1）先易后难。选择自己最熟悉、最明显的答案先判断,根据“先易后难”的原则逐个排除。
2）找关键词。如表顺序的at first, first, secnd, third等。
3）上下句联系。这种题所采用的语句一般都是在上句与下句或上半句与下半句之间有一定的对应关系,我们只要抓住它们的联系就可以解答了。
4.常见解题方法
“观察+对比+定位+排除”的方法：
首先观察选项的特点,一般情况下,四个选项中都是有两个相同的顺序组合作为事件发生的顺序开头,到文中去定位,排除错误的选项;接着进行第二轮对比排除,最后得到正确答案。
三．词义猜测题
1.命题形式。
在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。
2.常见设问方式
What des the underlined wrd “” in Paragraph 3 mean?
The underlined wrd “...” means “ ” in this passage.
3.解题步骤
1）根据题干定位单词所在段落
2）理解词所在上下句
3）根据上下句语境推断
4.解题方法
1）根据文章中心或主题猜测词义。
2）利用构词法猜测词义
3）根据上下文的同义或对比关系来理解词义。
4）根据上下文的因果关系或顺承关系猜测词义。
5）根据生活经验或常识猜测词义。
（2024·浙江杭州·一模）
Have yu ever fund yurself in a situatin where yu’re talking t smene but they keep lking at their phne? This is called “phubbing”—a mix f the wrds “phne” and “snubbing (不理睬)”. When smene is “phubbing”, they’re using their phne t lk thrugh the nline news, check messages, play games and s n, instead f fcusing n the cnversatin r spending time with the peple they’re with. The wrd was first used back in 2012, when fewer peple had smartphnes. And nw that mst peple have smartphnes, phubbing is a cmmn prblem.
Mst peple wuld agree that it’s rude t fcus n yur phne when yu’re spending time with anther persn. The expert William Hansn thinks s, t. “Phubbing is a n-n!” he says. “If yu have planned t g ut with friends, fcus n them and nt n yur phne.” Studies have fund that phubbing can damage yur relatinships with thers. Phubbing can make peple feel excluded. They have a strng sense f nt being accepted and thse wh “phub” are thught f as less plite and caring. S science has shwn that phubbing is nt gd fr us—but why d we d it? It might be because we are feeling bred, wrried r stressed. Or it might be because we are addicted t (沉溺于) checking ur phnes, especially scial media. Whatever the reasn may be, phubbing is a bad habit and can make us miss ut n real mments with the peple arund us.
S the next time yu’re spending time with a friend r family member, try and keep yur phne ut f sight!
13．When smene is phubbing, what is he prbably ding?
A．Buying a new smartphne.B．Checking the nline news.
C．Keeping the phne ut f sight.D．Talking with peple beside him.
14．What des the underlined wrd “excluded” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Left ut.B．Mad.C．Prud.D．Satisfied.
15．What is the main purpse f this text?
A．T call n peple nt t use smartphnes.
B．T shw the imprtance f smartphnes.
C．T intrduce what “phubbing” is t the readers.
D．T value the real mments with the peple arund us.
16．Where wuld the readers prbably find this passage?
A．In a stry bk.B．In an art magazine.
C．In a math textbk.D．In a scial magazine.
（2024·浙江杭州·一模）Headphnes are helpful. They are gd fr blcking ut nise. And we use them t listen t music n influencing thers. But headphnes can be harmful, t. They can cause hearing lss if the vlume (音量) is t lud. Studies shw that ne ut f every 10 kids in the United States has sme hearing lss. The cause is lud nise.Hw Hearing Wrks
An ear has many wrking parts. Their jb is t turn sund int smething yur brain can understand. And there are cells (细胞) inside the car that help yu hear. “We call them hair cells,” Jackie Clark says. “They lk like hairs standing up.” Clark is a prfessr at the University f Texas, She studies hw lud nises affect (影响) ur ears.
Sund mves and makes the hair cells mve back and frth. Lud nises can damage (损害) these cells by getting them nt straight anymre. Once the cells are damaged, they dn’t grw back.
One sign f hearing lss is tinnitus. It’s a ringing in the cars. “It’s like smene is playing the vilin fr a lng time,” Clark says. “It’s difficult t get away frm it.” And the damage affects mre than yur ears. It can cause wrries and stress.
Hw can yu prtect yur ears? Keep the vlume n yur headphnes lw. Yu shuld be able t hear sunds arund yu. And ther peple shuldn’t hear nise frm yur headphnes.Measuring (测量) Sund
Sunds r nises are everywhere. Raindrps are 40 decibels (分贝) while firewrks are 140 decibels. What abut yur headphnes? They can g higher than 100 decibels. That’s t lud. T prtect yur ears, keep yur headphnes at abut half vlume. And dn’t listen t lng. Abut an hur a day is safe.
17．Which f the fllwing can be put int ?
A．Prtect Yur EarsB．Hw Hearing Lses
C．Keep Away frm StressD．The damage f vilins
18．Which f the fllwing things has higher vlume than headphnes?
A．Cnversatin.B．City Traffic.C．TV.D．Firewrks.
19．Which f the fllwing will the writer agree with?
A．Mst American children have sme hearing lss.
B．It’s prper t keep the headphnes at 100 decibels.
C．Hair cells can grw back again after being damaged.
D．A persn with tinnitus may feel wrried and nervus.
20．What’s the purpse f this text?
A．T intrduce hw hearing wrks and lses.
B．T advise hw t use headphnes prperly.
C．T teach peple hw t measure the sunds.
D．T tell peple different ways t prtect ears.
（2024·浙江杭州·一模）①Have yu ever visited any traditinal Chinese gardens? They lk like mre natural sights than sme Western Gardens. They have a lng histry. As early as 1500, there were tw main types f gardens: imperial gardens and private gardens. Imperial gardens were fr the use f the emperr and his family. Private gardens were built by imprtant fficials r wealthy businessmen. Bth types f gardens were built fr hunting and resting.
②The Summer Palace in Beijing is China’s mst famus imperial garden. It cvers abut 3,000,000 m². Kunming Lake takes up almst three-furths f the garden’s ttal area. There are ver 3,000 ancient buildings and mre than 400,000 plants in the garden. Yu can als see mre than 40,000 valuable wrks frm each ancient perid. With such a rich cllectin, the garden is knwn as the “Imperial Garden Museum.”
③As fr private gardens, the mst famus ne is the Humble Administratr’s Garden (拙政园) in Suzhu. It has an area f nly 41,000 m². It is quite small cmpared t imperial gardens, but it’s beautiful. When yu are standing in any crner f the garden, it all lks like a lifelike picture. And the whle garden lks different in different seasns.
④The traditinal Chinese gardens have been designed (设计) t lk naturally frmed. Muntains and waters, trees and flwers, huses and twers are well-rganized. They dn’t lk crwded tgether at all. In fact, Chinese gardens are in sme ways very much like traditinal Chinese sight paintings. The tw have influenced and develped alngside ne anther. Bth f them shw the imprtance f nature in Chinese culture.
21．What’s Paragraph 1 mainly abut?
A．The wners f Chinese gardens.B．The histry f Chinese gardens.
C．Tw main kinds f Chinese gardens.D．Tw main reasns fr building gardens.
22．The numbers in Paragraph 2 are t shw that ________.
A．the Summer Palace is very large in sizeB．the imperial garden is used by the emperr
C．the garden museum has a rich cllectinD．Kunming Lake takes up a lt f space
23．What can we knw abut traditinal Chinese gardens accrding t the passage?
A．The things in the gardens were nt frmed prperly.
B．The private gardens in Suzhu are famus fr the size.
C．They are different frm Chinese traditinal sight paintings.
D．They were mainly built fr the wners t hunt and rest.
24．Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage?
A．B．C．D．
（2024·浙江·一模）A student prject has shwn anther pwer f AI—it can be gd at lcating where phts were taken. The prject is knwn as Predicting Image Gelcatins (r PIGEON, fr shrt). It’s the wrk f three Stanfrd students: Michal Skreta, Silas Alberti and Lukas Haas. They designed it in rder t find ut lcatins n Ggle Street View (谷歌街景).
When presented with a few persnal phts it had never seen befre, the prgram was, in mst cases, able t make accurate (准确的) guesses abut where the phts were taken. PIGEON wrks well because it can pick up n all the little things in phts. It can ntice small differences in leaves, sil and weather.
Like s many applicatins f AI, it culd help peple find ut the lcatins f ld phts frm relatives. It may als allw scientists t d surveys f an area fr invasive (入侵的) plants. Skreta believes rdinary peple will als find it useful. “Yu like this place in Italy. Where in the wrld culd yu g if yu want t see smething similar?” he says.
Just as a saying ges, “ ▲ .” It’s wrth nting that the prgram culd als be used t let ut infrmatin abut peple that they never wanted t share, says Jay Stanley, an expert at the American Civil Liberties Unin. Stanley wrries that cmpanies might sn use AI t find ut where yu’ve traveled. Gvernments might check yur phts t see if yu’ve visited certain cuntries. Being fllwed is als a great threat, he says. While peple have lng been able t remve GPS lcatin infrmatin frm phts they pst nline, that may nt wrk anymre. “Frm a privacy pint f view, yur lcatin can be a very sensitive (敏感的) set f infrmatin,” he says.
Stanley thinks the use f AI fr gelcatin will becme even mre pwerful ging frward. He dubts there’s much t be dne—except t realize what’s in the backgrund phts yu pst nline.
25．The first tw paragraphs mainly tell us ________.
A．what PIGEON can dB．which field PIGEON is used in
C．hw PIGEON wrksD．why PIGEON can pick up n little things
26．Which can be the best t fill in the blank ▲ in Paragraph 4?
A．Bad news has wingsB．Each cin has tw sides
C．All gd things came t an endD．There’s n such thing as a free lunch
27．The underlined wrd “threat” in Paragraph 4 might mean ________.
A．methdB．ppularityC．chanceD．danger
28．We can learn that the use f AI fr gelcatin ________.
A．was wrked ut by a studentB．prevents a plant ging int a place
C．requires t be imprved at presentD．makes the backgrund f a pht livelier
（23-24九年级下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）
29．Hw can yu interest yur listeners at the beginning?
A．By listing yur ideas.
B．By telling a funny stry.
C．By standing up straight.
D．By saying simple wrds.
30．Which is the “big day” accrding t the text?
A．The day yu prepare vides.
B．The day yu get sme advice.
C．The day yu visit yur friends.
D．The day yu make a presentatin.
31．What is the gd way t end yur presentatin?
A．T repeat tpics.
B．T shw thanks.
C．T make suggestins.
D．T share main ideas.
32．Which questin culd best help us find ut the writer’s purpse?
A．Did the writer try t teach us skills?
B．Did the writer help us understand ideas?
C．Did the writer invite us t attend a curse?
D．Did the writer ask us t be plite in public?
Henry, 12 years ld, San Francisc
I think we shuld all have electric cars. This wuld cut dwn air pllutin and allw us t breathe better. Cleaner air als means there will be fewer animals dying. Think f all the lives we have lst by destrying ur envirnment.
Sme peple think electric cars are pricey. But their prices are cming dwn. What’s mre, gas csts a lt mre than electricity. Once yu use the gas, it’s gne. Anyway, I think we’re ging t run ut f gas at sme pint. This will make electric cars a need. Als, d yu knw that electric cars can travel 33 miles fr abut a dllar? Yu can’t say that fr gas. All cars shuld be electric!
Sandy, 13 years ld, New Yrk
I dn’t think all cars shuld be electric. First f all, charging statins are less cmmn than gas statins. This makes electric cars a lt less cnvenient fr lng trips. What’s mre, cld weather des harm t the batteries (电池). They can’t wrk well as usual. And electric cars are als mre expensive than cmmn cars. A new electric car usually csts arund $ 11, 000 mre than a new gar car. True, electric cars help slw climate change. But thrwing batteries away can hurt ur planet.
方法
定义
方法
定义
无中生有
文中无信息支撑，但符合语境要求
偷梁换柱
利用文中同结构短语或句型以假乱真
黑白颠倒
与文中所述事实相反
张冠李戴
利用文中词语迷惑做题
断章取义
仅为文中细节，对某一细节进行阐述(主旨大意)
以偏概全
用文章某个部分内容表达整篇文章或段落的中心思想(主旨大意、段落大意)
Presentatin (展示) skills are imprtant at schl and in ther areas f life. Sme peple dn’t like giving presentatins because they dn’t knw what t say r because they get nervus abut public speaking. Here’s sme advice t help yu make presentatins easier and mre enjyable.
Get rganisedThe best presentatins are well planned and clearly rganized. Think abut tpics (话题) and
chse a prper ne. In ne tpic, three r fur main ideas will be fine. The beginning f yur presentatin shuld be interesting. Fr example, yu can tell a shrt, funny stry t make peple laugh.
Use phts r videsTry t use phts r vides.
These things make yur perfrmance mre exciting and help yu remember what yu’re ging t say. Hwever, yu shuldn’t use t many. The “star” f yur presentatin shuld be yu, nt yur phts r vides.
Practice befre yur perfrmanceYu need t practice many times befre the “big day’. Practice saying any unusual wrds. Then write the main ideas n small cards t help yu remember. Practice in frnt f a mirrr and time yur presentatin. Finally, yu can recrd yur perfrmance r ask a friend t watch yu and then make suggestins fr imprvements.
Cnnect with yur audience (观众)Always lk at the audience when yu speak. Stand up straight, but dn’t stand still r mve arund much. Finally, be sure t thank yur audience when yu finish speaking. It’s a simple but gd way t end any presentatin.
阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。因此，阅读理解要多下功夫。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。
在阅读理解方面考纲对考生有六大要求，即理解主旨要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义、作出简单判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构、理解作者的意图观点态度。这六个能力要求对应我们常见的六种题型：主旨大意题、细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、文章结构题和作者观点态度题。
（2023·浙江杭州·中考真题）
We all enjy being part f a grup—there’s n better wrk than teamwrk, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwrk can be hard. In fact, it was s difficult that I left my ffice jb and started wrking frm hme n my wn. It’s a much better fit fr me, and it has made me think abut why teamwrk can make ur jbs harder rather than easier.
Persnalities (个性) can make teamwrk difficult. There’s ften smene n the team that puts their needs first. The team ften ges alng with this persn, whse ideas might nt be the best, just the ludest. Just ne difficult persnality can make teamwrk hard. Cmbine (结合) several challenging persnality types, and it’s even harder.
Nt having enugh time tgether can als make teamwrk challenging. Fr example, I was nce n a team where we never had enugh time t meet as a grup. T successfully wrk as a team, yu need time tgether—and lts f it.
A final reasn teamwrk is difficult is because there’s ften n training n hw t wrk n a team. Yu can’t just put peple in a rm and expect them t wrk well with each ther. Yu need t build trust with yur team members. Think f ftball players: They aren’t just given a ball and tld t play. They practice, and they train.
Team can be hard, but wrking alne has its challenges, t. When my cmputer desn’t wrk, I dn’t have an IT persn t turn t. When I have a great idea, I dn’t have anyne t share it with t see if it really is a great idea. Dn’t get me wrng—I still like my team f ne and enjy making all f the imprtant decisins myself. But nw I realize what was wrng with the teamwrk I did in the past and hw gd teamwrk culd be if dne crrectly. And that’s useful infrmatin—because ne day I might want t turn my ME TEAM int a WE TEAM.
1．Why did the writer chse t wrk frm hme n his wn?
A．T keep himself busier.B．T keep himself healthier.
C．T make his jb easier.D．T make his team harder.
2．Which f the fllwing makes teamwrk difficult?
A．Strng persnality.B．Lts f teamwrk time.C．Challenging ideas.D．Clear team rles.
3．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．WE TEAM has hardly any advantages.B．ME TEAM needs a lt f IT engineers.
C．ME TEAM has n challenges fr the writer.D．WE TEAM may be the writer’s chice ne day.
4．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T shw the advantages f teamwrk.B．T tell the imprtance f teamwrk.
C．T intrduce the influence f teamwrk.D．T explain the difficulties f teamwrk.
（2023·浙江宁波·中考真题）
Plants are mre than just pretty t lk at. They give us fruits, vegetables and fd we eat. Sme plants even prvide materials fr medicine r building things. But d yu knw that plants can d smething even mre amazing? They can make ur hmes, schls and wrkplaces much healthier.
We spend a large part f ur day indrs. Unluckily, the air inside buildings can ften be full f chemicals（化学物质）frm many things arund us. This pr air quality（质量）can make us feel sick, causing sre eyes and thrats, and even making it hard fr us t breathe. When the air inside buildings gets really bad, peple even call them “sick buildings”.
The gd news is that plants are like nature’s little superheres. They have a magic pwer fighting against bad air. Plants breathe in carbn dixide (CO2) and breathe ut xygen (O2) which we humans need t live. They can als add misture t the air if it’s t dry, making it mre cmfrtable fr us t breathe.
________ Scientists have discvered that plants have the ability t take in harmful chemicals, making the air arund us safer t breathe. They set up a cmpletely clsed building called “bi-hme” fr experiments. Befre they added plants, the air inside was full f chemicals and peple fund it hard t breathe. But after they added plants, the air gt much cleaner and it became easier t breathe. T make the air inside even better, the scientists used different kinds f plants. After a while, the building wasn’t a “sick building” any mre. Peple culd g inside withut feeling unwell.
S yu see, plants are fantastic! They are nt nly beautiful t lk at, but they als prvide us with fd, help create materials and play an imprtant rle in ur health. They make ur indr envirnments cleaner and healthier, making us feel better. Next time yu see a plant, remember all the amazing things it can d fr us!
5．Which f the fllwing is ne way fr plants t imprve the air inside buildings?
A．They breathe ut carbn dixide.B．They prduce xygen.
C．They give ut harmful chemicals.D．They make the air dry.
6．Which can be the best t fill in the blank ________ in Paragraph 4?
A．But the mst amazing thing plants can d is t clean the air.
B．But ne interesting thing plants can d is t build things.
C．But plants can prvide what humans need t eat.
D．But plants can be used t make medicine fr humans.
7．Hw des the writer supprt his pinin abut plants imprving air quality?
A．By telling persnal experiences.B．By prviding numbers and frms.
C．By questining famus scientists.D．By using scientific experiments.
8．What des the writer mainly want t tell us?
A．Plants are imprtant fr prviding fd.B．Plants make peple lk much better.
C．Plants are gd fr indr envirnments.D．Plants make it easier t build huses.
（2023·浙江台州·中考真题）
The race is n t get mre electric cars n the rad. Peple predict that electric cars might be mre cmmn in the future. But accrding t a 2021 survey by Pew Research Center, mre than half f U, S, adults like gas-pwered cars better. They say electric cars are expensive and charging (充电) them is a big prblem. Fr nw, mst peple plan t stick with gas-pwered cars. We ask yung readers what they think abut electric cars.
9．Over half f the American adults agree that electric cars ________ accrding t the survey.
A．have n prblem in chargingB．are bad fr the envirnment
C．are expensive and less cnvenientD．can wrk better in cld weather
10．The underlined wrd “pricey” prbably means “________”.
A．fastB．slwC．cheapD．expensive
11．Sandy develps her idea mainly by ________.
A．telling striesB．listing factsC．asking questinsD．using sayings
12．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Shuld all cars be electric?
B．Will cars be cmmn in the future?
C．Can electric cars help slw climate change?
D．Are gas-pwered cars bad fr the envirnment?
阅读理解的正确选项特征：
1.原文复现(选项与原文同形式复现)
2.同义转换(通过短语、词性或同义词转换)
3.理解推断(通过逻辑关系及细节分析，进行推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义和隐含意义)
阅读理解的干扰选项特征：
1.细节理解题
说明文常考题型 2.推理判断题
3.词义猜测题
4.主旨大意题/段落大意题
5.逻辑排序题
一．主旨大意题/段落大意题
1.命题形式。
一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或题目设题，针对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意。
2.常见设问方式
1）标题类
(1)The best title/headline fr this passage might be__________.
(2)What is the best title fr the passage?
(3)Which f the fllwing wuld be suitable as a title fr the passage?
2）大意类
(1)This passage chiefly deals with__________.
(2)What’s the tpic f the article?
(3)What is the subject discussed in the text?
3.题目特点
1）考查的范围:基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等
2）运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法,对文章进行高度概括或总结,属于高层次题。
4.解题步骤
1）略读法：快速阅读材料首尾段及段首句,找出各个段落的主题句
2）把各个段落的主题句联系起来,着眼于全文结构安排,概括出文章的中心
3）排除干扰项：利用生活常识编造干扰项,把文中的细节当主旨,利用局部信息编造干扰项,编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题
5.常见解题方法
摘句归纳法(首尾句)、合并归纳法、取主舍次法
二．逻辑排序题
1.命题形式。
给出从原文中抽取出来的5或6个具体事实，要求学生按照事件发生的先后顺序进行排列或以图片的形式呈现，主要考查学生对说明顺序的理解
2.常见设问方式
Which is the crrect rder fr pets t enter the cmpetitin?
What is the crrect rder f the fllwing events frm the passage?
In what rder did the fllwing happen in Darwin's life?
3.解题步骤
1）先易后难。选择自己最熟悉、最明显的答案先判断,根据“先易后难”的原则逐个排除。
2）找关键词。如表顺序的at first, first, secnd, third等。
3）上下句联系。这种题所采用的语句一般都是在上句与下句或上半句与下半句之间有一定的对应关系,我们只要抓住它们的联系就可以解答了。
4.常见解题方法
“观察+对比+定位+排除”的方法：
首先观察选项的特点,一般情况下,四个选项中都是有两个相同的顺序组合作为事件发生的顺序开头,到文中去定位,排除错误的选项;接着进行第二轮对比排除,最后得到正确答案。
三．词义猜测题
1.命题形式。
在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。
2.常见设问方式
What des the underlined wrd “” in Paragraph 3 mean?
The underlined wrd “...” means “ ” in this passage.
3.解题步骤
1）根据题干定位单词所在段落
2）理解词所在上下句
3）根据上下句语境推断
4.解题方法
1）根据文章中心或主题猜测词义。
2）利用构词法猜测词义
3）根据上下文的同义或对比关系来理解词义。
4）根据上下文的因果关系或顺承关系猜测词义。
5）根据生活经验或常识猜测词义。
（2024·浙江杭州·一模）
Have yu ever fund yurself in a situatin where yu’re talking t smene but they keep lking at their phne? This is called “phubbing”—a mix f the wrds “phne” and “snubbing (不理睬)”. When smene is “phubbing”, they’re using their phne t lk thrugh the nline news, check messages, play games and s n, instead f fcusing n the cnversatin r spending time with the peple they’re with. The wrd was first used back in 2012, when fewer peple had smartphnes. And nw that mst peple have smartphnes, phubbing is a cmmn prblem.
Mst peple wuld agree that it’s rude t fcus n yur phne when yu’re spending time with anther persn. The expert William Hansn thinks s, t. “Phubbing is a n-n!” he says. “If yu have planned t g ut with friends, fcus n them and nt n yur phne.” Studies have fund that phubbing can damage yur relatinships with thers. Phubbing can make peple feel excluded. They have a strng sense f nt being accepted and thse wh “phub” are thught f as less plite and caring. S science has shwn that phubbing is nt gd fr us—but why d we d it? It might be because we are feeling bred, wrried r stressed. Or it might be because we are addicted t (沉溺于) checking ur phnes, especially scial media. Whatever the reasn may be, phubbing is a bad habit and can make us miss ut n real mments with the peple arund us.
S the next time yu’re spending time with a friend r family member, try and keep yur phne ut f sight!
13．When smene is phubbing, what is he prbably ding?
A．Buying a new smartphne.B．Checking the nline news.
C．Keeping the phne ut f sight.D．Talking with peple beside him.
14．What des the underlined wrd “excluded” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Left ut.B．Mad.C．Prud.D．Satisfied.
15．What is the main purpse f this text?
A．T call n peple nt t use smartphnes.
B．T shw the imprtance f smartphnes.
C．T intrduce what “phubbing” is t the readers.
D．T value the real mments with the peple arund us.
16．Where wuld the readers prbably find this passage?
A．In a stry bk.B．In an art magazine.
C．In a math textbk.D．In a scial magazine.
（2024·浙江杭州·一模）Headphnes are helpful. They are gd fr blcking ut nise. And we use them t listen t music n influencing thers. But headphnes can be harmful, t. They can cause hearing lss if the vlume (音量) is t lud. Studies shw that ne ut f every 10 kids in the United States has sme hearing lss. The cause is lud nise.Hw Hearing Wrks
An ear has many wrking parts. Their jb is t turn sund int smething yur brain can understand. And there are cells (细胞) inside the car that help yu hear. “We call them hair cells,” Jackie Clark says. “They lk like hairs standing up.” Clark is a prfessr at the University f Texas, She studies hw lud nises affect (影响) ur ears.
Sund mves and makes the hair cells mve back and frth. Lud nises can damage (损害) these cells by getting them nt straight anymre. Once the cells are damaged, they dn’t grw back.
One sign f hearing lss is tinnitus. It’s a ringing in the cars. “It’s like smene is playing the vilin fr a lng time,” Clark says. “It’s difficult t get away frm it.” And the damage affects mre than yur ears. It can cause wrries and stress.
Hw can yu prtect yur ears? Keep the vlume n yur headphnes lw. Yu shuld be able t hear sunds arund yu. And ther peple shuldn’t hear nise frm yur headphnes.Measuring (测量) Sund
Sunds r nises are everywhere. Raindrps are 40 decibels (分贝) while firewrks are 140 decibels. What abut yur headphnes? They can g higher than 100 decibels. That’s t lud. T prtect yur ears, keep yur headphnes at abut half vlume. And dn’t listen t lng. Abut an hur a day is safe.
17．Which f the fllwing can be put int ?
A．Prtect Yur EarsB．Hw Hearing Lses
C．Keep Away frm StressD．The damage f vilins
18．Which f the fllwing things has higher vlume than headphnes?
A．Cnversatin.B．City Traffic.C．TV.D．Firewrks.
19．Which f the fllwing will the writer agree with?
A．Mst American children have sme hearing lss.
B．It’s prper t keep the headphnes at 100 decibels.
C．Hair cells can grw back again after being damaged.
D．A persn with tinnitus may feel wrried and nervus.
20．What’s the purpse f this text?
A．T intrduce hw hearing wrks and lses.
B．T advise hw t use headphnes prperly.
C．T teach peple hw t measure the sunds.
D．T tell peple different ways t prtect ears.
（2024·浙江杭州·一模）①Have yu ever visited any traditinal Chinese gardens? They lk like mre natural sights than sme Western Gardens. They have a lng histry. As early as 1500, there were tw main types f gardens: imperial gardens and private gardens. Imperial gardens were fr the use f the emperr and his family. Private gardens were built by imprtant fficials r wealthy businessmen. Bth types f gardens were built fr hunting and resting.
②The Summer Palace in Beijing is China’s mst famus imperial garden. It cvers abut 3,000,000 m². Kunming Lake takes up almst three-furths f the garden’s ttal area. There are ver 3,000 ancient buildings and mre than 400,000 plants in the garden. Yu can als see mre than 40,000 valuable wrks frm each ancient perid. With such a rich cllectin, the garden is knwn as the “Imperial Garden Museum.”
③As fr private gardens, the mst famus ne is the Humble Administratr’s Garden (拙政园) in Suzhu. It has an area f nly 41,000 m². It is quite small cmpared t imperial gardens, but it’s beautiful. When yu are standing in any crner f the garden, it all lks like a lifelike picture. And the whle garden lks different in different seasns.
④The traditinal Chinese gardens have been designed (设计) t lk naturally frmed. Muntains and waters, trees and flwers, huses and twers are well-rganized. They dn’t lk crwded tgether at all. In fact, Chinese gardens are in sme ways very much like traditinal Chinese sight paintings. The tw have influenced and develped alngside ne anther. Bth f them shw the imprtance f nature in Chinese culture.
21．What’s Paragraph 1 mainly abut?
A．The wners f Chinese gardens.B．The histry f Chinese gardens.
C．Tw main kinds f Chinese gardens.D．Tw main reasns fr building gardens.
22．The numbers in Paragraph 2 are t shw that ________.
A．the Summer Palace is very large in sizeB．the imperial garden is used by the emperr
C．the garden museum has a rich cllectinD．Kunming Lake takes up a lt f space
23．What can we knw abut traditinal Chinese gardens accrding t the passage?
A．The things in the gardens were nt frmed prperly.
B．The private gardens in Suzhu are famus fr the size.
C．They are different frm Chinese traditinal sight paintings.
D．They were mainly built fr the wners t hunt and rest.
24．Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage?
A．B．C．D．
（2024·浙江·一模）A student prject has shwn anther pwer f AI—it can be gd at lcating where phts were taken. The prject is knwn as Predicting Image Gelcatins (r PIGEON, fr shrt). It’s the wrk f three Stanfrd students: Michal Skreta, Silas Alberti and Lukas Haas. They designed it in rder t find ut lcatins n Ggle Street View (谷歌街景).
When presented with a few persnal phts it had never seen befre, the prgram was, in mst cases, able t make accurate (准确的) guesses abut where the phts were taken. PIGEON wrks well because it can pick up n all the little things in phts. It can ntice small differences in leaves, sil and weather.
Like s many applicatins f AI, it culd help peple find ut the lcatins f ld phts frm relatives. It may als allw scientists t d surveys f an area fr invasive (入侵的) plants. Skreta believes rdinary peple will als find it useful. “Yu like this place in Italy. Where in the wrld culd yu g if yu want t see smething similar?” he says.
Just as a saying ges, “ ▲ .” It’s wrth nting that the prgram culd als be used t let ut infrmatin abut peple that they never wanted t share, says Jay Stanley, an expert at the American Civil Liberties Unin. Stanley wrries that cmpanies might sn use AI t find ut where yu’ve traveled. Gvernments might check yur phts t see if yu’ve visited certain cuntries. Being fllwed is als a great threat, he says. While peple have lng been able t remve GPS lcatin infrmatin frm phts they pst nline, that may nt wrk anymre. “Frm a privacy pint f view, yur lcatin can be a very sensitive (敏感的) set f infrmatin,” he says.
Stanley thinks the use f AI fr gelcatin will becme even mre pwerful ging frward. He dubts there’s much t be dne—except t realize what’s in the backgrund phts yu pst nline.
25．The first tw paragraphs mainly tell us ________.
A．what PIGEON can dB．which field PIGEON is used in
C．hw PIGEON wrksD．why PIGEON can pick up n little things
26．Which can be the best t fill in the blank ▲ in Paragraph 4?
A．Bad news has wingsB．Each cin has tw sides
C．All gd things came t an endD．There’s n such thing as a free lunch
27．The underlined wrd “threat” in Paragraph 4 might mean ________.
A．methdB．ppularityC．chanceD．danger
28．We can learn that the use f AI fr gelcatin ________.
A．was wrked ut by a studentB．prevents a plant ging int a place
C．requires t be imprved at presentD．makes the backgrund f a pht livelier
（23-24九年级下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）
29．Hw can yu interest yur listeners at the beginning?
A．By listing yur ideas.
B．By telling a funny stry.
C．By standing up straight.
D．By saying simple wrds.
30．Which is the “big day” accrding t the text?
A．The day yu prepare vides.
B．The day yu get sme advice.
C．The day yu visit yur friends.
D．The day yu make a presentatin.
31．What is the gd way t end yur presentatin?
A．T repeat tpics.
B．T shw thanks.
C．T make suggestins.
D．T share main ideas.
32．Which questin culd best help us find ut the writer’s purpse?
A．Did the writer try t teach us skills?
B．Did the writer help us understand ideas?
C．Did the writer invite us t attend a curse?
D．Did the writer ask us t be plite in public?
Henry, 12 years ld, San Francisc
I think we shuld all have electric cars. This wuld cut dwn air pllutin and allw us t breathe better. Cleaner air als means there will be fewer animals dying. Think f all the lives we have lst by destrying ur envirnment.
Sme peple think electric cars are pricey. But their prices are cming dwn. What’s mre, gas csts a lt mre than electricity. Once yu use the gas, it’s gne. Anyway, I think we’re ging t run ut f gas at sme pint. This will make electric cars a need. Als, d yu knw that electric cars can travel 33 miles fr abut a dllar? Yu can’t say that fr gas. All cars shuld be electric!
Sandy, 13 years ld, New Yrk
I dn’t think all cars shuld be electric. First f all, charging statins are less cmmn than gas statins. This makes electric cars a lt less cnvenient fr lng trips. What’s mre, cld weather des harm t the batteries (电池). They can’t wrk well as usual. And electric cars are als mre expensive than cmmn cars. A new electric car usually csts arund $ 11, 000 mre than a new gar car. True, electric cars help slw climate change. But thrwing batteries away can hurt ur planet.
方法
定义
方法
定义
无中生有
文中无信息支撑，但符合语境要求
偷梁换柱
利用文中同结构短语或句型以假乱真
黑白颠倒
与文中所述事实相反
张冠李戴
利用文中词语迷惑做题
断章取义
仅为文中细节，对某一细节进行阐述(主旨大意)
以偏概全
用文章某个部分内容表达整篇文章或段落的中心思想(主旨大意、段落大意)
Presentatin (展示) skills are imprtant at schl and in ther areas f life. Sme peple dn’t like giving presentatins because they dn’t knw what t say r because they get nervus abut public speaking. Here’s sme advice t help yu make presentatins easier and mre enjyable.
Get rganisedThe best presentatins are well planned and clearly rganized. Think abut tpics (话题) and
chse a prper ne. In ne tpic, three r fur main ideas will be fine. The beginning f yur presentatin shuld be interesting. Fr example, yu can tell a shrt, funny stry t make peple laugh.
Use phts r videsTry t use phts r vides.
These things make yur perfrmance mre exciting and help yu remember what yu’re ging t say. Hwever, yu shuldn’t use t many. The “star” f yur presentatin shuld be yu, nt yur phts r vides.
Practice befre yur perfrmanceYu need t practice many times befre the “big day’. Practice saying any unusual wrds. Then write the main ideas n small cards t help yu remember. Practice in frnt f a mirrr and time yur presentatin. Finally, yu can recrd yur perfrmance r ask a friend t watch yu and then make suggestins fr imprvements.
Cnnect with yur audience (观众)Always lk at the audience when yu speak. Stand up straight, but dn’t stand still r mve arund much. Finally, be sure t thank yur audience when yu finish speaking. It’s a simple but gd way t end any presentatin.
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