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专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意题（讲义）-2024年高考英语二轮复习讲义（新教材新高考）
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这是一份专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意题（讲义）-2024年高考英语二轮复习讲义（新教材新高考），文件包含专题02阅读理解之主旨大意题讲义原卷版docx、专题02阅读理解之主旨大意题讲义解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共32页， 欢迎下载使用。
2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！
专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意题(讲义)
目 录
TOC \ "1-3" \p " " \h \z \u \l "_Tc147941319" 考点 阅读理解之主旨大意题 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页
\l "_Tc147941317" -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页
\l "_Tc147941318" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页
\l "_Tc147941320" 【真题研析·规律探寻】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页
考向1 考查文章标题-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页
考向2 考查文章大意-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页
考向3 考查段落大意题----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7页
\l "_Tc147941321" 【核心提炼·考向探究】----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8页
1．命题规律--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8页
2．常用解题方法----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8页
\l "_Tc147941326" 【题型特训·命题预测】------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页
预测考向1 考查文章标题--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页
预测考向2 考查文章大意--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13页
预测考向3 考查段落大意--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14页
考点 阅读理解之主旨大意题
考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考阅读理解主旨大意题考向分布。
（1）文章标题
（2）文章大意
（3）段落大意
总结高考考点，探究主旨大意的命题规律。
近年来，高考阅读理解主旨大意题主要考查：文章标题、文章大意和段落大意。
考向1 考查文章标题
1.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B篇）
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgramme at fur lw-incme schls. The prgramme aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighburhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgramme evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes.“We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgramme’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
( )27.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Rescuing schl gardens
B.Experiencing cuntry life
C.Grwing vegetable lvers
D.Changing lcal landscape
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。 通读全文并根据第一段中“The prgramme aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.”和第四段中“Prgramme evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes.”可知,该项目旨在帮助学生发展科学技能、培养环境意识和养成健康的生活方式。计划评估显示,学生们由于这些课程吃了更多的蔬菜。C项“Grwing vegetable lvers”一语双关,其中grwing既能表明蔬菜爱好者正在增加,也可指爱好种植蔬菜的人。
(一)理解标题的三大特点：1. 概括性——准确而又简短；2. 针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；3. 醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
(二)确定文章标题：1. 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，看哪个选项能准确概括主旨；2. 反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项；3. 研读、比较四个选项：研读四个选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、概括性等。
2.(2023年1月·浙江卷·阅读理解D篇)
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装)has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE)prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
35．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Pllinatrs: T Leave r t StayB．Slar Energy: Hpe fr the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD．Slar Farms: A New Develpment
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D。
通过文章的主题句总结概括文章标题：
本文主题句放在文章的末尾，先摆出事实细节，最后总结, 从而得出结论, 要求考生耐心地读完全文。
有时主题句首尾呼应，开篇先提出主题，结尾再次升华主题。
考向2 考查文章大意
1.（2023年1月·浙江卷·阅读理解B 篇）
Live with rmmates? Have friends and family arund yu? Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.
I experienced this when I started switching t a zer waste lifestyle five years ag, as I was living with my parents, and I cntinue t experience this with my husband, as he is nt cmpletely zer waste like me. I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.
Zer waste was a radical lifestyle mvement a few years back. I remember shwing my parents a vide f Bea Jhnsn, sharing hw cl I thught it wuld be t buy grceries with jars, and have s little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars f zer waste grceries, and my dad cmmented n hw silly it was fr me t carry jars everywhere. It came ff as a bit discuraging.
Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. I had my wn bedrm, s I wrked n remving things I didn’t need. Since I had my wn tiletries (洗漱用品), I was able t start persnalising my rutine t be mre sustainable. I als ffered t ck every s ften, s I prtined ut a bit f the cupbard fr my wn zer waste grceries. Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire.
As yu make yur lifestyle changes, yu may find yurself wanting t speak up fr yurself if thers cmment n what yu’re ding, which can turn itself int a whle husehld debate. If yu have individuals wh are nt n bard, yur wrds prbably wn’t d much and can ften leave yu feeling mre discuraged.
S here is my advice: Lead by actin.
27．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw t get n well with ther family members.
B．Hw t have ne’s wn persnal space at hme.
C．Hw t live a zer waste lifestyle in a husehld.
D．Hw t cntrl the budget when buying grceries.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。故选C。
记叙文的文章大意：纯记叙文通常没有主题句,需要读者自己领悟,从中归纳提炼;但有的在文尾作者会发表感慨、感悟或就此发表议论,主旨也就在此;还有的先发表某种议论或感慨再讲一个故事或经历,主旨就在文首。
本题是一篇记叙文，文章大意需要归纳总结文中的主要内容。
2.（2020·全国新课标II·阅读理解B 篇）
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
27．What is the text mainly abut?
A．A mathematical methd.B．A scientific study.
C．A wman psychlgistD．A teaching prgram.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
科研报告或调查报告：反映科学实验或调研结果的报道或科普类说明文，内容主要包括“科研实验 结果或调查结果+实验研究过程或调查的具体情况”两大部分,文章主旨就是科研或调查结果，因此主题句通常在首段,且常伴有 accrding t a study, a study shwed/prved, this is suggested by the results f new research n, scientists recently reprted, a study claimed 等。
考向3 考查段落大意
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇节选）
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent,the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
( )32.What is Paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A.The methds f estimatin.
B.The underlying lgic f the effect.
C.The causes f peple’s errrs.
D.The design f Galtn’s experiment.
【答案】B
【解析】段落大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same…the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.”可知,本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的,各不相同的误差平均在一起,相互抵消,就会产生更准确的估计,独立估计的平均因误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式
2.（2023·1月浙江卷·阅读理解C篇节选）
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that’s why, hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
31．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．Scial interactin is key t understanding symbls.
B．The human brain has ptential yet t be develped.
C．Ancient philsphers set gd examples fr debaters.
D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【答案】A
【解析】段落大意题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins.(意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。
阅读理解之主旨大意考点的必备知识：
一、命题规律：
1．命题规律：主旨大意题旨在考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力，是阅读理解中的高难度题，一定要把它作为最后一道题来做。概括全文大意最简单的方法就是把每段的大意串起来考虑。
2．考查类型：主要考查文章标题、段落大意题、文章大意题。
3．考查趋势：主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中的必考点，每年必考，一般考查1——2题。
二、 常用的解题方法
1. 如何判断文章标题
（1）思维导图
（2）文章标题类设问方式
·The best title f the passage is ________.
·Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
·What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
·The mst apprpriate title f the passage is ______.
（3）文章标题的特点
1.概括性：能概括全文并体现文章的主旨；
2.针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；
3.新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；
4.精准性：不改变原文的意思和感情色彩
5.简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。
（4）错误选项的特点
断章取义(仅为文中一细节)；以偏概全；离题太远。
（5）解题技巧：
（6）思维方法：
要首先找出文章的主题句，然后根据文章主题句确定文章标题，如果没有主题句再寻找全文重复性强的关键词或者概括全文。
① 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；
② 反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；
③ 研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。
2. 如何判断文章大意
（1）思维导图
（2） 文章大意类设问方式
·What's the main idea/pint f the passage?
·The passage is mainly abut ________.
·The passage is mainly cncerned abut ________.
·Which f the fllwing best states the main idea f the passage?
·Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea/theme f the passage?
·In this passage the authr discusses primarily ________.
·The subject discussed in this text is ________.
·The general/main idea f the passage is abut ________.
（3）解题技巧：
方法1：主题句法
解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。
(1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句
(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句
方法2：高频词法
全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
方法3：逆向思维法
在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。
3. 如何判断段落大意
（1）思维导图
（2）段落大意类设问方式
·What des the authr tell us in Paragraph
·The main idea f the secnd paragraph prbably is ________.
·The first paragraph is mainly abut ________.
·Which f the fllwing can best summarize Para.1?
·What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
（3）解题技巧：
段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
【2024年高考命题预测】
根据高考考情分析2024年高考将：（1）考查文章标题；（2）文章大意；（3）段落大意。一般考查1—2题。
预测考向1 考查文章标题
1.（2024·广东省高三联考·阅读理解C）
Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely cnsidered a strng weapn in effrts against glbal warming. But are they like what peple believe? The Radiant Energy Grup (REG) stated effects f EVs vary with cuntries. In sme natins, EVs lead t the release f mre carbn gases than gasline cars. The grup reckned gas emissins caused by a gasline vehicle and frm charging an EV. Cuntries where charging an EV is cleaner than driving a gasline-pwered car use a lt f nuclear r slar pwer.
Sales f electric cars are rising the fastest in Eurpe. Data frm REG suggests EVs in Pland actually create mre carbn emissins because their electrical systems depend s much n cal. In ther Eurpean cuntries, hwever, EVs result in fewer emissins. The cuntries with the biggest carbn gas reductin use much clean pwer. The first was Switzerland at 100 percent carbn reductins ver gasline vehicles.
Germany and Spain create lts f electricity frm the sun and wind. But the sun and wind dn’t add t a cuntry’s electrical system equally thrughut the day. Fr this reasn, carbn emissins saved by driving an EV aren’t fixed. Charging in the afternn, when there’s mre sun and wind, saves 16 t 18 percent mre carbn than at night when electrical systems are mre likely t be using gas r cal.
The gap in emissins between electric and gasline-pwered vehicles has narrwed in recent years. In Eurpe, carmakers have been required t meet EU CO2 emissins f perfrmance standards. They’ve made their gasline engines mre fuel-efficient. As a result, carbn emissins f new gasline-pwered cars in Eurpe have fallen an average f 25 percent in the past years. But EV sales in Eurpe are backed by gvernment spending and rules against new gasline engine cars after 2035. Majr autmakers have set targets t sell mainly EVs in Eurpe in the cming years.
Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．What Benefits D EVs Bring?B．Will EVs Replace Gasline Cars in Eurpe?
C．Hw D EVs Affect Carbn Emissins?D．D Electric Cars Really Help the Envirnment?
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely cnsidered a strng weapn in effrts against glbal warming. But are they like what peple believe? (电动汽车被广泛地认为是一种对抗全球变暖的利器。但是他们真的像人们认为的那样吗？)”可知，作者在第一段提出了这个话题，后续段落对这个话题进行了分析、解释，由此可知，本文主要讲的是电动汽车并不一定对环境有益，故选D。
2.（2024·辽宁省辽东南协作校高三月考·阅读理解C）
Mishra, an Indian-brn student at the University f British Clumbia in Vancuver, was picking up alchl bttles after an evening party with friends, when he drpped a bttle. As Mishra swept up the glass, he wndered, “Where des this g after the bttle is brken?” After researching, Mishra learned that 77% f glass bttles, even thse that are put in a recycling bin, end up in landfills after the glass breaks.
Mishra spent hurs learning hw t neatly cut and create all srts f new items frm ld glass. Then, tgether with a few ther peers, he funded a start-up called Rescued Glass YVR. The grup brwsed beach cleanups and restaurants t gather used glass bttles, which we returned int a variety f platters, candles, glasses, and ther items in their micr factry, When they sell these items in lcal markets, they gt psitive feedback, “It turns ut that peple are really enjying it,” said Mishra, “They like the prduct,”
The student start-up built a name fr itself and grew in size. By the end f 2022, it had a team f nearly tw dzen students and had already succeeded in rescuing mre than 6, 000 bttles. That’s when Rescued Glass YVR decided t rebrand and cmeback bigger.
The business gave themselves anther name-Msa. Mishra said, “In thse huse parties the alchl that we were drinking was Msa, The name really helps us when we are thinking abut larger cnversatins. It’s always imprtant that yu remember where yu’re cming frm and where the prcess f this entire idea ever started.” In additin t prducing beautiful decr items and saving glass frm landfills, Msa has inspired ther Vancuverites t get invlved in making the wrld a better place.
It is said that glass prducing is respnsible fr 86 millin tns f carbn emissins(排放)yearly, in additin t the garbage glass that ends up in landfills, Msa is making gd use f glass, and inspiring thers t d s as well. All because f a little inspiratin after a cllege party.
What can be the best title f this text?
A．Turn Trash Int TreasureB．Make Every Penny Cunt
C．Inspiratin Leads t SuccessD．Create Smething Frm Nthing
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Mishra创立公司，将旧酒瓶变成生活用品的故事，算是变废为宝。所以用A项“Turn Trash Int Treasure”作为本文题目，与文章主题相符合。故选A项。
预测考向2 考查文章大意
（2024·广东省高三联考·阅读理解D）
Pet Wadswrth Lngfellw said “music is the universal language f mankind”, and there’s grwing evidence that he was right. New research shws peple with Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆) disease ften respnd t familiar music r sng lyrics, even when their memries and ability t participate in cnversatin may be flagging.
Jnathan Graff-Radfrd,Dctr f Medicine,explains n The May Clinic website why this may be: “Musical memries are ften preserved in Alzheimer’s patients because key brain areas linked t musical memry are relatively undamaged by the disease.”
When English senir Ted McDermtt was diagnsed with Alzheimer in 2016, his sn Simn McDermtt fund Ted became verbally and physically vilent as the disease prgressed. Grateful fr the resurces prvided by the Alzheimer’s Sciety, Simn and 80-year-ld Ted made vides f their daily car duets (二重唱) fr a fundraising ‘‘Singing fr the Brain” prgram in 2019. Truly remarkable,cnsidering that sme days Ted didn’t recgnize Simn.
The sngs brught them t the attentin f the public. In just a few mnths their effrts had cnsiderable success n YuTube, raising ver 100,000, and resulting in a cntract with Decca Recrds fr 80-year-ld Ted. Althugh Ted has begun t decline a little in the last years, he always remembers the wrds t his favrite sngs and is happy t g with Simn daily in the car t sing. Different music-related prgrams and prjects are ffered by the U.K. Alzheimer’s Sciety rganizatins. These prgrams are designed fr peple with Alzheimer t prvide mental stimulatin in a supprtive scial envirnment.
Scial engagement and keeping yur brain active, alng with a healthy diet and exercising, may seem like bvius gd habits t fllw fr yur health in general. They’ve als been prven t be factrs in reducing the risk f develping Alzheimer.
It’s never t late t start taking care f yur bdy and yur brain — s make music appreciatin r singing part f the rutine f yur lved ne struggling with Alzheimer. As William Shakespeare said, “If music be the fd f lve,play n.”
What is the text mainly abut?
A．80-year-ld Ted defeats Alzheimer’s disease.
B．The pwer f music fr Alzheimer’s patients.
C．Pets inspire Alzheimer’s patients with music.
D．A gd habit t fllw fr yur physical health.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Pet Wadswrth Lngfellw said “music is the universal language f mankind”, and there’s grwing evidence that he was right. （诗人Wadswrth Lngfellw说“音乐是人类的普遍语言”，越来越多的证据表明他是对的。）”和最后一段的“As William Shakespeare said, “If music be the fd f lve, play n.”（正如威廉·莎士比亚所说：“如果音乐是爱的食物，那就继续演奏吧。”）”可知，文章引用诗人朗费罗和莎士比亚所说的话表明文章从头到尾都在谈音乐对老年痴呆患者有益。故选B。
预测考向3 考查段落大意
1.（2024·浙江省嘉兴市高三一模教学测试·阅读理解C节选）
In the past, mst libraries didn’t fcus much n prgrams fr kids whse age made it impssible fr them t be quiet n demand. But grwing knwledge abut the imprtance f kids and teens learning thrugh hands-n experiences has since caused a sea change in hw libraries cnnect with yung readers. Nw libraries begin ffering interactive prgrams fr kids, including crafts, bard games, and stry times. These types f prgrams certainly aren’t designed t be silent.
What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The past and the present f libraries.B．The reasn fr the change f libraries.
C．The activities fr yung children in libraries.D．The cnnectin between libraries and readers.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。由文章第三段“In the past, mst libraries didn’t fcus much n prgrams fr kids whse age made it impssible fr them t be quiet n demand. But grwing knwledge abut the imprtance f kids and teens learning thrugh hands-n experiences has since caused a sea change in hw libraries cnnect with yung readers. Nw libraries begin ffering interactive prgrams fr kids, including crafts, bard games, and stry times. These types f prgrams certainly aren’t designed t be silent. (在过去，大多数图书馆都不太关注为孩子们提供的项目，因为孩子们的年龄使他们无法按需保持安静。但是，人们越来越了解儿童和青少年通过亲身体验学习的重要性，这导致图书馆与年轻读者的联系发生了翻天覆地的变化。现在，图书馆开始为孩子们提供互动节目，包括手工艺品、棋盘游戏和故事时间。这些类型的程序当然不是为了静音而设计的。)”可知，本段主要讲图书馆改变的原因。故选B项。
2.（2024·山东省高三上学期适应性联考（一）·阅读理解B节选）
Damn Carsn calls himself a matchmaker (媒人) f the never-ending waste f American sciety, trying nt t pair peple with peple, but things with peple.
In the late 1990s, Carsn was n break frm business schl in Vail, Clrad, when he discvered the vast wrld f waste. He began thinking abut creating a secndhand stre that wuld sell ld materials and keep them ut f being wasted. As a result, in 2010, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials appeared.
4．What is paragraph tw mainly abut?
A．Carsn’s schl lessns.
B．Carsn’s jurney t Clrad.
C．The start f Carsn’s business.
D．The serius waste f materials.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“In the late 1990s, Carsn was n break frm business schl in Vail, Clrad, when he discvered the vast wrld f waste. He began thinking abut creating a secndhand stre that wuld sell ld materials and keep them ut f being wasted. As a result, in 2010, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials appeared.(上世纪90年代末，Clrad在科罗拉多州韦尔的商学院休学期间，发现了这个巨大的废物世界。他开始考虑开一家二手店，出售旧材料，防止它们被浪费。结果，在2010年，他的公司Repurpsed Materials出现了)”可知，本段主要讲述Carsn的生意是如何创办的，故选C。
考点
题型
文章标题
阅读理解
2023
试卷类型
设问
考点
[2023年1月·浙江卷]D
35．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
文章标题
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]B
27.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
文章标题
2022
2022年全国甲卷
阅读C27. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
文章标题
2022年全国乙卷
阅读C31. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
文章标题
2021
2021年新高考I卷
C篇31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
文章标题
2021年全国甲卷
D篇15. What is the best title fr the text?
文章标题
2021年全国乙卷
C篇31. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
文章标题
2021年新高考II卷
C篇11. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
文章标题
考点
题型
文章大意
阅读理解
2023
试卷类型
设问
考点
【2023年1月·浙江卷】
27．What is the text mainly abut?
文章大意
2022
2022年全国甲卷
阅读C31. What is the text mainly abut?
文章大意
2021年6月浙江卷
C篇10. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
文章大意
考点
题型
段落大意
阅读理解
2023
试卷类型
设问
考点
2023浙江1月高考
C篇31．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
段落大意
2023·新高考I卷
D篇32.What is Paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
段落大意
2022
2022·新高考I卷
阅读D14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
段落大意
2022·全国甲卷 D
阅读D32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
段落大意
2021
2021年全国乙卷
B篇24. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
段落大意
2021年6月浙江卷
C篇10. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
段落大意
考点要求
考题统计
考情分析
文章标题
3年8考
【命题规律】
根据新高考三年的考情分析，主旨大意题主要集中考查：文章标题、文章大意；段落大意。
【命题预测】
2024年高考还会考查主旨大意题，一般在试卷中考查1--2个小题。
文章大意
3年3考
段落大意
3年6考
关键词法
反复出现的词语，多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词
主题句法
根据文章主题句，确定中心词充当标题
串联法
分析文章细节，确定共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，确定标题
逆向法
根据四个选项，考虑其可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳选项
转折词
如but，hwever，in fact，actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点。
总结词
如therefre，thus，in shrt，cnclude 等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题。
疑问句
若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。
2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！
专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意题(讲义)
目 录
TOC \ "1-3" \p " " \h \z \u \l "_Tc147941319" 考点 阅读理解之主旨大意题 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页
\l "_Tc147941317" -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页
\l "_Tc147941318" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页
\l "_Tc147941320" 【真题研析·规律探寻】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页
考向1 考查文章标题-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页
考向2 考查文章大意-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页
考向3 考查段落大意题----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7页
\l "_Tc147941321" 【核心提炼·考向探究】----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8页
1．命题规律--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8页
2．常用解题方法----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8页
\l "_Tc147941326" 【题型特训·命题预测】------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页
预测考向1 考查文章标题--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页
预测考向2 考查文章大意--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13页
预测考向3 考查段落大意--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14页
考点 阅读理解之主旨大意题
考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考阅读理解主旨大意题考向分布。
（1）文章标题
（2）文章大意
（3）段落大意
总结高考考点，探究主旨大意的命题规律。
近年来，高考阅读理解主旨大意题主要考查：文章标题、文章大意和段落大意。
考向1 考查文章标题
1.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B篇）
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgramme at fur lw-incme schls. The prgramme aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighburhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgramme evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes.“We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgramme’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
( )27.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Rescuing schl gardens
B.Experiencing cuntry life
C.Grwing vegetable lvers
D.Changing lcal landscape
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。 通读全文并根据第一段中“The prgramme aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.”和第四段中“Prgramme evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes.”可知,该项目旨在帮助学生发展科学技能、培养环境意识和养成健康的生活方式。计划评估显示,学生们由于这些课程吃了更多的蔬菜。C项“Grwing vegetable lvers”一语双关,其中grwing既能表明蔬菜爱好者正在增加,也可指爱好种植蔬菜的人。
(一)理解标题的三大特点：1. 概括性——准确而又简短；2. 针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；3. 醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
(二)确定文章标题：1. 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，看哪个选项能准确概括主旨；2. 反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项；3. 研读、比较四个选项：研读四个选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、概括性等。
2.(2023年1月·浙江卷·阅读理解D篇)
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装)has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE)prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
35．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Pllinatrs: T Leave r t StayB．Slar Energy: Hpe fr the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD．Slar Farms: A New Develpment
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D。
通过文章的主题句总结概括文章标题：
本文主题句放在文章的末尾，先摆出事实细节，最后总结, 从而得出结论, 要求考生耐心地读完全文。
有时主题句首尾呼应，开篇先提出主题，结尾再次升华主题。
考向2 考查文章大意
1.（2023年1月·浙江卷·阅读理解B 篇）
Live with rmmates? Have friends and family arund yu? Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.
I experienced this when I started switching t a zer waste lifestyle five years ag, as I was living with my parents, and I cntinue t experience this with my husband, as he is nt cmpletely zer waste like me. I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.
Zer waste was a radical lifestyle mvement a few years back. I remember shwing my parents a vide f Bea Jhnsn, sharing hw cl I thught it wuld be t buy grceries with jars, and have s little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars f zer waste grceries, and my dad cmmented n hw silly it was fr me t carry jars everywhere. It came ff as a bit discuraging.
Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. I had my wn bedrm, s I wrked n remving things I didn’t need. Since I had my wn tiletries (洗漱用品), I was able t start persnalising my rutine t be mre sustainable. I als ffered t ck every s ften, s I prtined ut a bit f the cupbard fr my wn zer waste grceries. Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire.
As yu make yur lifestyle changes, yu may find yurself wanting t speak up fr yurself if thers cmment n what yu’re ding, which can turn itself int a whle husehld debate. If yu have individuals wh are nt n bard, yur wrds prbably wn’t d much and can ften leave yu feeling mre discuraged.
S here is my advice: Lead by actin.
27．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw t get n well with ther family members.
B．Hw t have ne’s wn persnal space at hme.
C．Hw t live a zer waste lifestyle in a husehld.
D．Hw t cntrl the budget when buying grceries.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。故选C。
记叙文的文章大意：纯记叙文通常没有主题句,需要读者自己领悟,从中归纳提炼;但有的在文尾作者会发表感慨、感悟或就此发表议论,主旨也就在此;还有的先发表某种议论或感慨再讲一个故事或经历,主旨就在文首。
本题是一篇记叙文，文章大意需要归纳总结文中的主要内容。
2.（2020·全国新课标II·阅读理解B 篇）
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
27．What is the text mainly abut?
A．A mathematical methd.B．A scientific study.
C．A wman psychlgistD．A teaching prgram.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
科研报告或调查报告：反映科学实验或调研结果的报道或科普类说明文，内容主要包括“科研实验 结果或调查结果+实验研究过程或调查的具体情况”两大部分,文章主旨就是科研或调查结果，因此主题句通常在首段,且常伴有 accrding t a study, a study shwed/prved, this is suggested by the results f new research n, scientists recently reprted, a study claimed 等。
考向3 考查段落大意
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇节选）
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent,the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
( )32.What is Paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A.The methds f estimatin.
B.The underlying lgic f the effect.
C.The causes f peple’s errrs.
D.The design f Galtn’s experiment.
【答案】B
【解析】段落大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same…the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.”可知,本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的,各不相同的误差平均在一起,相互抵消,就会产生更准确的估计,独立估计的平均因误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式
2.（2023·1月浙江卷·阅读理解C篇节选）
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that’s why, hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
31．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．Scial interactin is key t understanding symbls.
B．The human brain has ptential yet t be develped.
C．Ancient philsphers set gd examples fr debaters.
D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【答案】A
【解析】段落大意题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins.(意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。
阅读理解之主旨大意考点的必备知识：
一、命题规律：
1．命题规律：主旨大意题旨在考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力，是阅读理解中的高难度题，一定要把它作为最后一道题来做。概括全文大意最简单的方法就是把每段的大意串起来考虑。
2．考查类型：主要考查文章标题、段落大意题、文章大意题。
3．考查趋势：主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中的必考点，每年必考，一般考查1——2题。
二、 常用的解题方法
1. 如何判断文章标题
（1）思维导图
（2）文章标题类设问方式
·The best title f the passage is ________.
·Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
·What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
·The mst apprpriate title f the passage is ______.
（3）文章标题的特点
1.概括性：能概括全文并体现文章的主旨；
2.针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；
3.新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；
4.精准性：不改变原文的意思和感情色彩
5.简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。
（4）错误选项的特点
断章取义(仅为文中一细节)；以偏概全；离题太远。
（5）解题技巧：
（6）思维方法：
要首先找出文章的主题句，然后根据文章主题句确定文章标题，如果没有主题句再寻找全文重复性强的关键词或者概括全文。
① 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；
② 反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；
③ 研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。
2. 如何判断文章大意
（1）思维导图
（2） 文章大意类设问方式
·What's the main idea/pint f the passage?
·The passage is mainly abut ________.
·The passage is mainly cncerned abut ________.
·Which f the fllwing best states the main idea f the passage?
·Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea/theme f the passage?
·In this passage the authr discusses primarily ________.
·The subject discussed in this text is ________.
·The general/main idea f the passage is abut ________.
（3）解题技巧：
方法1：主题句法
解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。
(1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句
(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句
方法2：高频词法
全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
方法3：逆向思维法
在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。
3. 如何判断段落大意
（1）思维导图
（2）段落大意类设问方式
·What des the authr tell us in Paragraph
·The main idea f the secnd paragraph prbably is ________.
·The first paragraph is mainly abut ________.
·Which f the fllwing can best summarize Para.1?
·What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
（3）解题技巧：
段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
【2024年高考命题预测】
根据高考考情分析2024年高考将：（1）考查文章标题；（2）文章大意；（3）段落大意。一般考查1—2题。
预测考向1 考查文章标题
1.（2024·广东省高三联考·阅读理解C）
Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely cnsidered a strng weapn in effrts against glbal warming. But are they like what peple believe? The Radiant Energy Grup (REG) stated effects f EVs vary with cuntries. In sme natins, EVs lead t the release f mre carbn gases than gasline cars. The grup reckned gas emissins caused by a gasline vehicle and frm charging an EV. Cuntries where charging an EV is cleaner than driving a gasline-pwered car use a lt f nuclear r slar pwer.
Sales f electric cars are rising the fastest in Eurpe. Data frm REG suggests EVs in Pland actually create mre carbn emissins because their electrical systems depend s much n cal. In ther Eurpean cuntries, hwever, EVs result in fewer emissins. The cuntries with the biggest carbn gas reductin use much clean pwer. The first was Switzerland at 100 percent carbn reductins ver gasline vehicles.
Germany and Spain create lts f electricity frm the sun and wind. But the sun and wind dn’t add t a cuntry’s electrical system equally thrughut the day. Fr this reasn, carbn emissins saved by driving an EV aren’t fixed. Charging in the afternn, when there’s mre sun and wind, saves 16 t 18 percent mre carbn than at night when electrical systems are mre likely t be using gas r cal.
The gap in emissins between electric and gasline-pwered vehicles has narrwed in recent years. In Eurpe, carmakers have been required t meet EU CO2 emissins f perfrmance standards. They’ve made their gasline engines mre fuel-efficient. As a result, carbn emissins f new gasline-pwered cars in Eurpe have fallen an average f 25 percent in the past years. But EV sales in Eurpe are backed by gvernment spending and rules against new gasline engine cars after 2035. Majr autmakers have set targets t sell mainly EVs in Eurpe in the cming years.
Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．What Benefits D EVs Bring?B．Will EVs Replace Gasline Cars in Eurpe?
C．Hw D EVs Affect Carbn Emissins?D．D Electric Cars Really Help the Envirnment?
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely cnsidered a strng weapn in effrts against glbal warming. But are they like what peple believe? (电动汽车被广泛地认为是一种对抗全球变暖的利器。但是他们真的像人们认为的那样吗？)”可知，作者在第一段提出了这个话题，后续段落对这个话题进行了分析、解释，由此可知，本文主要讲的是电动汽车并不一定对环境有益，故选D。
2.（2024·辽宁省辽东南协作校高三月考·阅读理解C）
Mishra, an Indian-brn student at the University f British Clumbia in Vancuver, was picking up alchl bttles after an evening party with friends, when he drpped a bttle. As Mishra swept up the glass, he wndered, “Where des this g after the bttle is brken?” After researching, Mishra learned that 77% f glass bttles, even thse that are put in a recycling bin, end up in landfills after the glass breaks.
Mishra spent hurs learning hw t neatly cut and create all srts f new items frm ld glass. Then, tgether with a few ther peers, he funded a start-up called Rescued Glass YVR. The grup brwsed beach cleanups and restaurants t gather used glass bttles, which we returned int a variety f platters, candles, glasses, and ther items in their micr factry, When they sell these items in lcal markets, they gt psitive feedback, “It turns ut that peple are really enjying it,” said Mishra, “They like the prduct,”
The student start-up built a name fr itself and grew in size. By the end f 2022, it had a team f nearly tw dzen students and had already succeeded in rescuing mre than 6, 000 bttles. That’s when Rescued Glass YVR decided t rebrand and cmeback bigger.
The business gave themselves anther name-Msa. Mishra said, “In thse huse parties the alchl that we were drinking was Msa, The name really helps us when we are thinking abut larger cnversatins. It’s always imprtant that yu remember where yu’re cming frm and where the prcess f this entire idea ever started.” In additin t prducing beautiful decr items and saving glass frm landfills, Msa has inspired ther Vancuverites t get invlved in making the wrld a better place.
It is said that glass prducing is respnsible fr 86 millin tns f carbn emissins(排放)yearly, in additin t the garbage glass that ends up in landfills, Msa is making gd use f glass, and inspiring thers t d s as well. All because f a little inspiratin after a cllege party.
What can be the best title f this text?
A．Turn Trash Int TreasureB．Make Every Penny Cunt
C．Inspiratin Leads t SuccessD．Create Smething Frm Nthing
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Mishra创立公司，将旧酒瓶变成生活用品的故事，算是变废为宝。所以用A项“Turn Trash Int Treasure”作为本文题目，与文章主题相符合。故选A项。
预测考向2 考查文章大意
（2024·广东省高三联考·阅读理解D）
Pet Wadswrth Lngfellw said “music is the universal language f mankind”, and there’s grwing evidence that he was right. New research shws peple with Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆) disease ften respnd t familiar music r sng lyrics, even when their memries and ability t participate in cnversatin may be flagging.
Jnathan Graff-Radfrd,Dctr f Medicine,explains n The May Clinic website why this may be: “Musical memries are ften preserved in Alzheimer’s patients because key brain areas linked t musical memry are relatively undamaged by the disease.”
When English senir Ted McDermtt was diagnsed with Alzheimer in 2016, his sn Simn McDermtt fund Ted became verbally and physically vilent as the disease prgressed. Grateful fr the resurces prvided by the Alzheimer’s Sciety, Simn and 80-year-ld Ted made vides f their daily car duets (二重唱) fr a fundraising ‘‘Singing fr the Brain” prgram in 2019. Truly remarkable,cnsidering that sme days Ted didn’t recgnize Simn.
The sngs brught them t the attentin f the public. In just a few mnths their effrts had cnsiderable success n YuTube, raising ver 100,000, and resulting in a cntract with Decca Recrds fr 80-year-ld Ted. Althugh Ted has begun t decline a little in the last years, he always remembers the wrds t his favrite sngs and is happy t g with Simn daily in the car t sing. Different music-related prgrams and prjects are ffered by the U.K. Alzheimer’s Sciety rganizatins. These prgrams are designed fr peple with Alzheimer t prvide mental stimulatin in a supprtive scial envirnment.
Scial engagement and keeping yur brain active, alng with a healthy diet and exercising, may seem like bvius gd habits t fllw fr yur health in general. They’ve als been prven t be factrs in reducing the risk f develping Alzheimer.
It’s never t late t start taking care f yur bdy and yur brain — s make music appreciatin r singing part f the rutine f yur lved ne struggling with Alzheimer. As William Shakespeare said, “If music be the fd f lve,play n.”
What is the text mainly abut?
A．80-year-ld Ted defeats Alzheimer’s disease.
B．The pwer f music fr Alzheimer’s patients.
C．Pets inspire Alzheimer’s patients with music.
D．A gd habit t fllw fr yur physical health.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Pet Wadswrth Lngfellw said “music is the universal language f mankind”, and there’s grwing evidence that he was right. （诗人Wadswrth Lngfellw说“音乐是人类的普遍语言”，越来越多的证据表明他是对的。）”和最后一段的“As William Shakespeare said, “If music be the fd f lve, play n.”（正如威廉·莎士比亚所说：“如果音乐是爱的食物，那就继续演奏吧。”）”可知，文章引用诗人朗费罗和莎士比亚所说的话表明文章从头到尾都在谈音乐对老年痴呆患者有益。故选B。
预测考向3 考查段落大意
1.（2024·浙江省嘉兴市高三一模教学测试·阅读理解C节选）
In the past, mst libraries didn’t fcus much n prgrams fr kids whse age made it impssible fr them t be quiet n demand. But grwing knwledge abut the imprtance f kids and teens learning thrugh hands-n experiences has since caused a sea change in hw libraries cnnect with yung readers. Nw libraries begin ffering interactive prgrams fr kids, including crafts, bard games, and stry times. These types f prgrams certainly aren’t designed t be silent.
What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The past and the present f libraries.B．The reasn fr the change f libraries.
C．The activities fr yung children in libraries.D．The cnnectin between libraries and readers.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。由文章第三段“In the past, mst libraries didn’t fcus much n prgrams fr kids whse age made it impssible fr them t be quiet n demand. But grwing knwledge abut the imprtance f kids and teens learning thrugh hands-n experiences has since caused a sea change in hw libraries cnnect with yung readers. Nw libraries begin ffering interactive prgrams fr kids, including crafts, bard games, and stry times. These types f prgrams certainly aren’t designed t be silent. (在过去，大多数图书馆都不太关注为孩子们提供的项目，因为孩子们的年龄使他们无法按需保持安静。但是，人们越来越了解儿童和青少年通过亲身体验学习的重要性，这导致图书馆与年轻读者的联系发生了翻天覆地的变化。现在，图书馆开始为孩子们提供互动节目，包括手工艺品、棋盘游戏和故事时间。这些类型的程序当然不是为了静音而设计的。)”可知，本段主要讲图书馆改变的原因。故选B项。
2.（2024·山东省高三上学期适应性联考（一）·阅读理解B节选）
Damn Carsn calls himself a matchmaker (媒人) f the never-ending waste f American sciety, trying nt t pair peple with peple, but things with peple.
In the late 1990s, Carsn was n break frm business schl in Vail, Clrad, when he discvered the vast wrld f waste. He began thinking abut creating a secndhand stre that wuld sell ld materials and keep them ut f being wasted. As a result, in 2010, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials appeared.
4．What is paragraph tw mainly abut?
A．Carsn’s schl lessns.
B．Carsn’s jurney t Clrad.
C．The start f Carsn’s business.
D．The serius waste f materials.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“In the late 1990s, Carsn was n break frm business schl in Vail, Clrad, when he discvered the vast wrld f waste. He began thinking abut creating a secndhand stre that wuld sell ld materials and keep them ut f being wasted. As a result, in 2010, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials appeared.(上世纪90年代末，Clrad在科罗拉多州韦尔的商学院休学期间，发现了这个巨大的废物世界。他开始考虑开一家二手店，出售旧材料，防止它们被浪费。结果，在2010年，他的公司Repurpsed Materials出现了)”可知，本段主要讲述Carsn的生意是如何创办的，故选C。
考点
题型
文章标题
阅读理解
2023
试卷类型
设问
考点
[2023年1月·浙江卷]D
35．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
文章标题
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]B
27.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
文章标题
2022
2022年全国甲卷
阅读C27. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
文章标题
2022年全国乙卷
阅读C31. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
文章标题
2021
2021年新高考I卷
C篇31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
文章标题
2021年全国甲卷
D篇15. What is the best title fr the text?
文章标题
2021年全国乙卷
C篇31. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
文章标题
2021年新高考II卷
C篇11. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
文章标题
考点
题型
文章大意
阅读理解
2023
试卷类型
设问
考点
【2023年1月·浙江卷】
27．What is the text mainly abut?
文章大意
2022
2022年全国甲卷
阅读C31. What is the text mainly abut?
文章大意
2021年6月浙江卷
C篇10. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
文章大意
考点
题型
段落大意
阅读理解
2023
试卷类型
设问
考点
2023浙江1月高考
C篇31．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
段落大意
2023·新高考I卷
D篇32.What is Paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
段落大意
2022
2022·新高考I卷
阅读D14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
段落大意
2022·全国甲卷 D
阅读D32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
段落大意
2021
2021年全国乙卷
B篇24. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
段落大意
2021年6月浙江卷
C篇10. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
段落大意
考点要求
考题统计
考情分析
文章标题
3年8考
【命题规律】
根据新高考三年的考情分析，主旨大意题主要集中考查：文章标题、文章大意；段落大意。
【命题预测】
2024年高考还会考查主旨大意题，一般在试卷中考查1--2个小题。
文章大意
3年3考
段落大意
3年6考
关键词法
反复出现的词语，多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词
主题句法
根据文章主题句，确定中心词充当标题
串联法
分析文章细节，确定共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，确定标题
逆向法
根据四个选项，考虑其可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳选项
转折词
如but，hwever，in fact，actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点。
总结词
如therefre，thus，in shrt，cnclude 等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题。
疑问句
若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。
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