人教版新高考英语二轮复习习题训练--阅读理解　主旨大意题——文章大意类

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考点分类练(七)　主旨大意题——文章大意类A(2021·山东烟台一模)The paper, published in May by the Journal of Marketing Research, analysed purchases made from a single large European retailer and found that free shipping did encourage customers to buy more. But it also increased purchases of items that historically have higher return rates, such as clothing or products from lesser-known brands. Thus, returns also increased as a result of the promotions, to the point where profits were erased. In one part of the paper, during the typically four-week periods when free shipping was offered, online order volumes rose 11%. But when the cost of returns was compared with the sales proceeds(收入), the authors calculated that on balance the results for the promotion periods amounted to an average of 0.7% loss. In one analysis that ran for two months, the researchers found that the return rate for customers who bought low-risk products—like office supplies, or products from well-known brands—averaged about 22%. In another analysis, the researchers attempted to better understand motivations of online shoppers by measuring their attitudes towards free shipping. They found two things were happening. First, consumers saw free shipping as compensation for taking a risk on a product. Second, feelings of gratitude for having shipping costs eliminated(消除) made them happy and thus more willing to make a risky purchase. Prof.Neslin advises companies to look at whether their own free-shipping promotions are profitable before they launch such campaigns. Also, he advises companies to identify which products get returned more often than others and try to provide customers with more information about those products, so they can make more informed choices. 1.What erased the profits according to the first paragraph? A.The risky customers. B.The European retailer. C.The returned items. D.The lesser-known brands. 2.What can we learn from the passage? A.Consumers risked purchasing a product when free shipping came along with it. B.Free shipping encouraged customers to buy products from well-known brands. C.Online order volumes rose only when free shipping was offered as compensation. D.Purchases of office supplies also increased during the typically four-week periods. 3.What is the passage mainly about? A.Low-risk products. B.Return rates. C.Increased purchases. D.Free shipping.  B(2021·湖北黄冈高三4月模拟)An advance in electronic publishing could make the e-book you are reading seem as dated as a silent film. Publishers hope to explore the growing success of e-books by releasing versions with added soundtracks(电影原声音乐) and musical accompaniments. The noise in the first multimedia books—released in Britain—include the rain hitting a window in a Sherlock Holmes tale. When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create tension. Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noise will ruin the simple pleasure of having the imagination stimulated by reading. Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency, said the new generation of computer-literate readers was used to multiple sensory input. She said,“Young people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that’s what the market wants then we should respond to the market.”Booktrack’s sound effects work by estimating the user’s reading speed. Each time you “turn” a page, the software reassesses where you have reached in the text and times the sounds to switch on accordingly. If the soundtrack becomes out of sync(同步), a click on any word will reset it. Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading. David Nicholls, author of Our Day, the best-seller now released as a film, said, “This sounds like the opposite of reading. I have enough trouble reading an e-book because I’m constantly distracted by emails.”Stuart MacBride , the crime writer whose novel Shatter the Bones was an e-book best-seller,sells 18% of his books as electronic downloads. He said,“If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don’t need someone to tell me what teacups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.”4.What do publishers expect an e-book soundtrack to do? A.Help to release an e-book as a film. B.Help readers improve reading speed. C.Add tension at a book’s exciting point. D.Get readers familiar with the background. 5.Who is in favour of added soundtracks for e-books? A.Sherlock Holmes. B.Caroline Michel. C.David Nicholls. D.Stuart MacBride. 6.What do we know about Stuart MacBride? A.He was a person who was easy to get angry. B.He knew a great deal of tea. C.Eighty-two percent of his books described crime. D.He imagined sounds related to the story when reading. 7.What’s the main idea of the passage? A.Opinions about e-books with soundtracks. B.Response to the need of the book market. C.Reasons for traditional e-books becoming outdated. D.Suggestions on encouraging readers’ imagination.  C(2021·湖南长郡十五校高三联考)For most people, graduation is an exciting day the celebration of years of hard work. My graduation day was not. I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had flown in from across the country to attend the celebration. But just like everyone else in my class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse. What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loan was drawing closer. You know that feeling when you wake up in fear? That feeling became a constant in my life. Days felt like weeks, weeks like months. And the most frustrating part was no matter how much I tried, I just couldn’t seem to make any progress. So what did I do to maintain my sanity(理智)? I decided to write. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearer—a little brighter. Something about writing gave me hope. And if you want something badly enough, sometimes a little hope is all you need! So I put my thoughts into a children’s book. And then one day, without any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world—just a lot of hard work and perseverance—I was offered a publishing contract for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. I was offered a second book deal. Then, a few months later, I got an interview and was hired shortly. The moral of this story is... don’t give up. Even if things look bleak now, don’t give up. If you work hard, things will always get better. Oftentimes all we need is the courage to overcome difficulties. 8.From paragraph 2, we can learn that the author probably 　　　.  A.was having an exciting graduationB.was getting into financial difficultiesC.missed the life in the universityD.had just applied for the student loan9.How did the author change the frustrating situation? A.By sending applications. B.By offering contracts. C.By keeping writing. D.By publishing books. 10.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bleak” in the last paragraph? A.Unattractive. 　　　　　B.Hopeless. C.Thrilling.  D.Promising. 11.What is the passage mainly about? A.Success belongs to the persevering. B.A contented mind is a permanent feast. C.A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner. D.Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.
  考点分类练(七)　主旨大意题——文章大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现, 在线零售商长期以来一直通过免费送货的方式来鼓励客户购买更多产品, 但这种方式可能会减少公司的利润。1.C　解析: 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “Thus, returns also increased as a result of the promotions, to the point where profits were erased.” 可知, 促销的结果就是退货也增加了, 直到(退货过多)利润消失。故选C项。2.A　解析: 推理判断题。根据第四段的 “First, consumers saw free shipping as compensation for taking a risk on a product.” 可知, 消费者将免费送货视为对冒险购买产品的补偿。由此可推断, 当产品可免费送货时, 消费者愿意冒险购买产品。故选A项。3.D　解析: 主旨大意题。根据第一段 “The paper ... analysed purchases made from a single large European retailer and found that free shipping did encourage customers to buy more. But it also increased purchases of items that historically have higher return rates... Thus, returns also increased as a result of the promotions, to the point where profits were erased.” 中的这些信息以及下文的分析可知, 本文主要讲述了免费送货确实刺激了消费者购买更多的商品, 但这种方式可能会减少公司的利润。也就是说, 文章主要围绕免费送货展开描述。故选D项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了出版商希望通过发行带有配乐和音乐伴奏的版本来探索电子书的日益成功, 以及人们对此的不同看法。4.C　解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的 “When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create tension.” 可知, 当一本书的情节达到最激动人心的部分时, 背景音乐就会产生紧张感。由此推知, 出版商希望电子书的配乐能在书的激动人心之处增加紧张感。故选C项。5.B　解析:推理判断题。根据第四段中Caroline Michel所说的 “Young people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that’s what the market wants then we should respond to the market.” 可以推知, Caroline Michel赞成为电子书增加配乐。故选B项。6.D　解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中Stuart MacBride所说的 “If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don’t need someone to tell me what teacups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.” 可知, Stuart MacBride在阅读时能想象与故事相关的声音。故选D项。7.A　解析:主旨大意题。通读全文, 尤其根据第三段的 “Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers.” 以及第六段的 “Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading.” 可知, 本文主要介绍了人们对带有配乐的电子书的(不同)看法。故选A项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在毕业后虽然经历失败和恐惧, 但他不放弃, 最终走出困境的励志故事。8.B　解析:推理判断题。根据第二段的 “What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loan was drawing closer.” 可知, 作者在毕业后难以找到工作, 而学生贷款的还款期限日益逼近。由此推知, 作者面临经济困难。故选B项。9.C　解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的 “So what did I do to maintain my sanity? I decided to write.” 以及 “So I put my thoughts into a children’s book.” 可知, 作者通过坚持写作来改变自己令人沮丧的处境。故选C项。10.B　解析:词义猜测题。根据最后一段的 “The moral of this story is... don’t give up. Even if things look bleak now, don’t give up.” 可推知, 能够导致放弃的事情可能是无望的或者是糟糕的, 因此能够替换bleak的词应该是hopeless。故选B项。11.A　解析:主旨大意题。根据作者描述的个人经历以及最后一段内容可知, 本文主要谈论的是 “成功属于坚韧不拔的人”。故选A项。