专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意题（练习）-2024年高考英语二轮复习练习（新教材新高考）

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2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！
专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意题
目 录
TOC \ "1-1" \p " " \h \z \u \l "_Tc148019150" 主旨大意题 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
一、（最新模拟）阅读理解之阅读理解之主旨大意---文章标题-------------------------------------------------------------2
二、（最新模拟题）阅读理解之主旨大意---文章大意---------------------------------------------------------------------14
三、（最新模拟题）阅读理解之主旨大意---段落大意---------------------------------------------------------------------24
四、（高考真题）阅读理解之主旨大意-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
02 阅读理解之主旨大意题
最新模拟演练
一、阅读理解之主旨大意---文章标题
1.（2024·安徽省皖东十校联盟高三月考）
Cancer-fighting genes in elephants culd help t tackle ne f the biggest killers f peple, accrding t research. Despite their large bdies and lng lifespans (寿命), elephants are much less likely t die frm cancer than humans, with death rates f less than 5 per cent.
The paradx has puzzled scientists because mre cells leads t greater replicatins, which increases the pssibility f the bdy failing t detect damaged DNA r a faulty cell that can result in tumurs (肿瘤). Elephants live fr almst as lng as humans, and can weigh up t five tns.
Hwever, a grup f British and Eurpean scientists say they have taken a big step twards slving Pet’s paradx, named after the British epidemilgist Sir Richard Pet. Elephants, they say, carry a much larger, mre diverse grup f tumur-fighting prteins.
The findings, published last week in the jurnal Mlecular Bilgy and Evlutin, raise hpes that the cancer-fighting genes in elephants culd be the key t tackling cancer, which kills abut 167,000 Britns each year. Cells keep dividing thrughut an rganism’s life, each carrying the risk f prducing a tumur. One f the bdy’s weapns is a gene called p53, knwn as the “guardian f the genme”, which hunts cells with faulty DNA．It encurages the cell t repair itself r self-destruct, keeping the cell frm binding with thers and prducing tumurs.
Humans have tw versins f p53 but elephants have 40, said the researchers, including thse frm Oxfrd and Edinburgh universities. Bichemical analysis and cmputer simulatins als shwed that an elephant’s p53 genes are structurally slightly different, prviding a much larger anti-cancer tlkit. The researchers suspect that while faulty cells might be able t skirt tw p53 versins, they cannt bind t ther cells as easily in the face f dzens.
The findings will pen the way fr research n hw p53 genes are activated and n medical treatment fr humans.
1．What has puzzled scientists?
A．Few elephants end up dying frm cancer.B．Elephants live lng and weigh enrmusly.
C．Mre cells lead t higher chances f tumurs.D．A larger bdy is less likely t discver faulty cells.
2．What can be learnt frm paragraph 4?
A．Hw many Britns die each year.B．Hw the anti-cancer gene wrks.
C．Hw the research was carried ut.D．What have the findings been applied t.
3．Which quality f elephants’ p53 genes cntributes t preventing tumurs?
A．Their sizes.B．Their lifespans.C．Their appearances.D．Their varieties.
4．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Scientists Find Anti-cancer Genes in Elephants
B．P53 Genes Play Essential Rle in Fighting Cancer
C．Elephant Genes Culd Be Key t Preventing Cancer
D．Grundbreaking Medical Treatment fr Cancer n the Way
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，大象体内的抗癌基因可能有助于解决人类最大的杀手之一。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及相关研究发现。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Despite their large bdies and lng lifespans (寿命), elephants are much less likely t die frm cancer than humans, with death rates f less than 5 per cent.(尽管大象体型庞大，寿命长，但它们死于癌症的可能性远低于人类，死亡率不到5%)”可知，让科学家们感到困惑的是很少有大象最终死于癌症。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“The findings, published last week in the jurnal Mlecular Bilgy and Evlutin, raise hpes that the cancer-fighting genes in elephants culd be the key t tackling cancer, which kills abut 167,000 Britns each year. Cells keep dividing thrughut an rganism’s life, each carrying the risk f prducing a tumur. One f the bdy’s weapns is a gene called p53, knwn as the “guardian f the genme”, which hunts cells with faulty DNA. It encurages the cell t repair itself r self-destruct, keeping the cell frm binding with thers and prducing tumurs.(上周发表在《分子生物学与进化》杂志上的这一发现，让人们看到了希望：大象身上的抗癌基因可能是攻克癌症的关键。英国每年约有16.7万人死于癌症。在生物体的一生中，细胞不断分裂。每个细胞都有产生肿瘤的风险。人体的武器之一是p53基因，它被称为“基因组守护者”，它会搜寻有缺陷DNA的细胞。它促使细胞自我修复或自我毁灭，防止细胞与其他细胞结合并产生肿瘤)”可推知，第四段说明了抗癌基因是如何工作的。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Bichemical analysis and cmputer simulatins als shwed that an elephant’s p53 genes are structurally slightly different, prviding a much larger anti-cancer tlkit.(生化分析和计算机模拟也表明，大象的p53基因在结构上略有不同，这提供了一个更大的抗癌工具包)”可知，p53基因的外表特点有助于大象预防肿瘤。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“The findings, published last week in the jurnal Mlecular Bilgy and Evlutin, raise hpes that the cancer-fighting genes in elephants culd be the key t tackling cancer, which kills abut 167,000 Britns each year.(上周发表在《分子生物学与进化》杂志上的这一发现，让人们看到了希望：大象身上的抗癌基因可能是攻克癌症的关键)”和最后一段“The findings will pen the way fr research n hw p53 genes are activated and n medical treatment fr humans.(这一发现将为研究p53基因如何被激活以及人类的医学治疗开辟道路)”结合本文主要讲的是大象抗癌基因可能是对抗癌症的关键。由此可知，C选项“大象基因可能是预防癌症的关键”最符合文章标题。故选C。
2.（2024·山东省高三上学期适应性联考（一））
Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.
Imagine the first butterfly yu stp t admire after a lng winter r the scenery atp a hill after a fresh hike. Smetimes existence delivers us small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.
T better understand this appreciatin, we cnducted a series f studies invlving ver 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their cping strategies t relieve their stress. Thse managing stress by fcusing n their appreciatin fr life’s beauty reprted experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the fllw-ups, we asked them t rate the extent t which they agreed with varius statements, such as “I have a great appreciatin fr the beauty f life” and ther statements related t cherence, purpse, existential mattering. Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.
The final results cnfirmed ur riginal thery: appreciating small things can make life feel mre meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw. Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.
1．What is the authr’s belief in meaningful life?
A．Owning the cherence f life.
B．Setting a lng-term career gal.
C．Valuing what matters just t us.
D．Enjying present beauty f life.
2．What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A．The apprach t cnducting the studies.
B．The analysis f the specific bjectives.
C．The necessity f a lng-term gal in life.
D．The lgic behind experiential appreciatin.
3．What challenges us t feel mre meaningful life accrding t the text?
A．Our fast-paced mdern lifestyle.
B．The lack f emplyment chances.
C．Our fcus n individual feelings.
D．The ignrance f future utcmes.
4．What can be the best title f the passage?
A．Appreciating the past.
B．Living in the mment.
C．Finding yurself back.
D．Embracing the future.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是体验性欣赏的好处以及我们要活在当下，欣赏生活中的美。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.(许多学者认为，一个有意义的存在归结为三个因素：一个人的生命的连贯性，拥有明确的长期目标，相信自己的生命是重要的。但我们认为还有另一个因素需要考虑。)”，第二段的“We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”和最后一段的“Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.(然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义。)”可知，作者对有意义的生活的信念是享受当下的生活之美。故选D。
2．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.(我们的研究结果显示，越多的人表示他们“欣赏生活”，他们就越觉得自己的存在有价值。在随后的实验中，我们通过要求参与者观看令人敬畏的视频进一步探索了这一现象，他们也报告说，与那些观看更中性视频的人相比，他们在这些时刻有更大的体验感激感和生活意义。)”可知，第三段的主要内容是体验式欣赏背后的逻辑。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw.(我们现代、快节奏、以项目为导向的生活方式让每一天都充满了目标。我们忙得不可开交，试图使我们的产出最大化。这使得我们很容易忽略正在发生的事情。)”可知，我们快节奏的现代生活方式使感受更有意义的生活有了挑战。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”和最后一段的“Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.(然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义。)”可知，本文主要讲的是体验性欣赏的好处以及我们要活在当下，欣赏生活中的美，因此最好的题目是B选项“Living in the mment.(活在当下。)”。故选B。
3.（2024·广东省普语高中毕业班高三第二次调研）
Behind the enthusiastic sng f an all-male chir (合唱队) lies a frce that is better knwn fr shaping the lives f hpeful frgs and crickets, research suggests. Recrdings f a tp bys’ chir, nce directed by Jhann Sebastian Bach in Germany, reveal that the mre mature bys in the grup bsted their vices when girls were appreciating their perfrmances. The effect, seen nly amng the lder singers, aged 16 t 19, is thught t be similar behaviur mre ften bserved in frgs and crickets, which enhance their individual calls t stand ut frm the crwd during mate-attracting chruses.
“The bys’ singing sunds mre brilliant and has a mre attractive quality when girls are in the audience, but it is subtle,” said Keller, a prfessr wh led the wrk at the centre fr music in the brain at a university in Denmark. Keller and his clleagues teamed up with a well-knwn chir in Germany after a student and frmer member f the chir mentined that the bys bsted their vices in a barely nticeable manner when female audience members were present.
Sund analysis f the bys singing a sng cmpsed by Bach fund that, in the presence f girls aged 15 t 16, the bys imprved their vcal brilliance and carried pwer by putting mre energy. But it was unclear whether peple, as ppsed t sensitive sund devices, culd detect the shift in vices, and if they culd, whether the resulting sund was mre r less appealing because f the enhanced singer’s perfrmance.
T find ut, the researchers ran tw nline studies in which 2,247 male and female vlunteers listened t recrdings f the bys singing with and withut girls in the audience. While bth male and female participants shwed a difference between the tw perfrmances, nly female vlunteers preferred the bsted singing. “It’s really hard t tell,” Keller said. Details are published in a jurnal.
Fr the recrdings, the bys perfrmed nce befre an all-male audience and a secnd time when a grup f teenage girls jined the frnt rw n the pretence f being n a schl trip. In interviews after the cncert, the bys felt they sang better in frnt f the girls but nne admitted trying t attract their attentin.
Accrding t the scientists, the findings suggest chir singing is a special frm f scial cmmunicatin where cperatin and cmpetitiveness, the latter ptentially mtivated by the ppsite sex, can exist alngside ne anther. “Yu have a grup f peple wrking tgether,” said Keller, “but at the same time individually having this parallel channel f cmmunicatin, sending ut the cmpetitive signal saying: pick me!”
1．What drives the mature bys t sing better accrding t Paragraph 1?
A．Their directrs.B．Their audience.C．The frgs.D．The crickets.
2．What des the underlined wrd “subtle” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Brilliant.B．Cmpetitive.C．Unfrgettable.D．Unnticeable.
3．Hw did Keller’s team carry ut the research?
A．By bserving the singers.B．By studying dcuments.
C．By ding field research.D．By cnducting studies nline.
4．What can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Cperatin r CmpetitinB．Frce behind By’s Chir
C．Research int the PerfrmanceD．Attractive Frgs and Cricket Sngs
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。针对德国的男童合唱团的一项研究表明，当女孩在观众席中时，16至19岁的男孩会提高他们的歌声，以吸引异性的关注。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Recrdings f a tp bys’ chir, nce directed by Jhann Sebastian Bach in Germany, reveal thatthe mre mature bys in the grup bsted their vices when girls were appreciating their perfrmances. (曾经由德国约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫（Jhann Sebastian Bach）指挥的顶级男子合唱团的录音显示当女孩欣赏他们的表演时，乐队中更成熟的男孩会提高他们的声音。)”可知，有欣赏演出的观众会促使成熟的男孩唱得更好，故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Keller and his clleagues teamed up with a well-knwn chir in Germany after a student and frmer member f the chir mentined thatthe bys bsted their vices in a barely nticeable manner when female audience members were present(凯勒和他的同事们与德国一个著名的合唱团合作，因为合唱团的一名学生和前成员提到，当女性观众在场时，男孩们以一种几乎不引人注意的方式提高了他们的声音。) ”可知，本段首位内容相呼应，结尾部分是在解释划线词，即当有女孩在场时，男孩的歌声听起来更有才华，更有吸引力，但这很微妙，则划线词意为“不易察觉到的”，故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段的“T find ut, the researchers ran tw nline studies in which 2,247 male and female vlunteers listened t recrdings f the bys singing with and withut girls in the audience.(为了找到答案，研究人员进行了两项在线研究，其中2247名男性和女性志愿者分别听了男孩在有女孩和没有女孩的情况下唱歌的录音。)”可知，Keller的团队是通过在线调查进行这项研究的，故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“Behind the enthusiastic sng f an all-male chir lies a frce that is better knwn fr shaping the lives f hpeful frgs and crickets, research suggests. Recrdings f a tp bys’ chir, nce directed by Jhann Sebastian Bach in Germany, reveal that the mre mature bys in the grup bsted their vices when girls were appreciating their perfrmances. The effect, seen nly amng the lder singers, aged 16 t 19, is thught t be similar behaviur mre ften bserved in frgs and crickets, which enhance their individual calls t stand ut frm the crwd during mate-attracting chruses.(研究表明，在全男性唱诗班热情的歌声背后，隐藏着一种力量，这种力量以塑造充满希望的青蛙和蟋蟀的生活而闻名。约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫曾在德国指挥过一个顶级男孩合唱团，他们的录音显示，当女孩欣赏他们的表演时，乐队中更成熟的男孩会提高他们的声音。这种现象只在年龄较大的歌手(16岁至19岁)中出现，被认为是在青蛙和蟋蟀中更常见的类似行为，它们在吸引配偶的合唱中提高自己的叫声以从人群中脱颖而出。)”以及下文内容可知，文章描述了男孩合唱背后的驱动力量，即为了吸引异性而唱，因此B项(男孩合唱团背后的力量)可以概括文章内容，适合作为标题，故选B。
4.（2024·浙江省台州市高三上学期第一次教学质量评估）
Suth Baltimre is ften thught f as a place t avid—flks are taught t be careful f it. There was a mass shting this past July, and anther in early September.
“Peple think Curtis Bay is a dangerus place. It’s nt. It’s just we’re surrunded by dangerus things,” says Taysia Thmpsn, 17.
Taysia, is ne f the Free Yur Vice members, a grup f student activists fighting against a very different kind f danger in their neighbrhd: air pllutin and climate change. Nw, the fcus f their mvement is the muntains f cal. Cal releases a fine, black dust small enugh t get int peple’s lungs. It makes respiratry (呼吸的) diseases wrse, r can even cause disease and premature death. And there are the greenhuse gas emissins after the cal is burned.
The teens f Free Yur Vice are taking n a big ppnent: the massive gds transprtatin cmpany CSX, which transprted mre than 8 millin tns f cal thrugh Suth Baltimre in 2021. The gal is t eventually get the state regulatrs t deny the permit that CSX needs t perate, r at least require the cmpany t enclse all the cal, r at the very least put water nt all f it s there’s less dust blwing arund.
This past summer, Taysia and three ther students spent their time gathering evidence t try and get the cal pllutin ut f their neighbrhd. They used sticky paper t gather samples f dust frm all ver the neighbrhd t prve that the dust is frm cal. They are als sending dust samples t a scientist in Califrnia, wh uses an electrn micrscpe t cmpare the dust that’s in this neighbrhd t samples frm the piles f cal at the terminal in Suth Baltimre t see if it matches.
The students nw have supprt frm their cmmunity. But the respnses frm fficials have nt been very satisfying. “Everyne is just breathing the air. And we will keep fighting.” says Taysia.
1．Why d the teens f Free Yur Vice take CSX as an ppnent?
A．T cure lung diseases.B．T tackle air pllutin.
C．T resist mass shtings.D．T cut premature death rate.
2．What d the teens f Free Yur Vice hpe t achieve?
A．Scientists will examine the dust samples.
B．Officials will refuse CSX the peratin permit.
C．State regulatrs will keep fighting against pllutin.
D．Lcals in Curtis Bay will clear the muntains f cal away.
3．What can be inferred abut the teens’ fight?
A．It isn’t all plain sailing.B．It will definitely end in victry.
C．The teens lack slid evidence.D．The teens wrk n it all by themselves.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Turists Aviding Dangerus Suth Baltimre
B．Teens Gaining Supprt in Envirnmental Prtectin
C．Student Activists Pushing back against Big Plluter
D．17-year-ld Girl Cmbating Cal Pllutin in Neighbrhd
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了位于南巴尔的一群学生活动家——Free Yur Vice成员，他们致力于与莫尔地区存在空气污染问题作斗争。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Taysia, is ne f the Free Yur Vice members, a grup f student activists fighting against a very different kind f danger in their neighbrhd: air pllutin and climate change. Nw, the fcus f their mvement is the muntains f cal. Cal releases a fine, black dust small enugh t get int peple’s lungs. It makes respiratry (呼吸的) diseases wrse, r can even cause disease and premature death. And there are the greenhuse gas emissins after the cal is burned. (Taysia是Free Yur Vice的成员之一，这是一群学生活动家，他们与社区中一种截然不同的危险作斗争：空气污染和气候变化。现在，他们运动的焦点是堆积如山的煤炭。煤会释放出细小的黑色尘埃，小到足以进入人们的肺部。它使呼吸系统疾病恶化，甚至可能导致疾病和过早死亡。还有煤炭燃烧后的温室气体排放。)”以及第四段中“The teens f Free Yur Vice are taking n a big ppnent: the massive gds transprtatin cmpany CSX, which transprted mre than 8 millin tns f cal thrugh Suth Baltimre in 2021. (Free Yur Vice 的青少年们正在面对一个巨大的对手：大型货物运输公司CSX，该公司在2021年通过南巴尔的摩运输了超过800万吨煤炭。)”可知，Free Yur Vice的青少年将CSX作为对手是为了解决空气污染问题，故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The gal is t eventually get the state regulatrs t deny the permit that CSX needs t perate, r at least require the cmpany t enclse all the cal, r at the very least put water nt all f it s there’s less dust blwing arund. (目标是最终让州监管机构拒绝CSX运营所需的许可证，或者至少要求公司封闭所有煤炭，或者至少将水浇灌到所有煤炭上，以减少灰尘的吹动。)”可知，Free Yur Vice的青少年希望实现的目标是让官方拒绝CSX的运营许可，故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“The students nw have supprt frm their cmmunity. But the respnses frm fficials have nt been very satisfying. (学生们现在得到了社区的支持。但官员们的回应并不是很令人满意。)”可知，官员并不支持，能推断出他们的抗争并非一帆风顺，故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中“Taysia, is ne f the Free Yur Vice members, a grup f student activists fighting against a very different kind f danger in their neighbrhd: air pllutin and climate change. (Taysia 是 Free Yur Vice 的成员之一，这是一群学生活动家，他们与社区中一种截然不同的危险作斗争：空气污染和气候变化)” 可知，由学生活动人士组成的组织Free Yur Vice，致力于改善巴尔的摩当地由煤炭带来的空气污染，尤其是运输煤炭的污染大户——大型货物运输公司CSX。由此可知，C项“学生积极分子反对污染大户”最适合作本文的标题，故选C项。
5.（2024·河北省保定市高三上学期摸底）
The idea that humans are facing a glbal extinctin f experience f nature is ppular, but is it true? T give mre light n this issue, the scientists measured hw the average distance frm an individual’s hme t the nearest area with lw human impact changed in the last decade.
The scientists fund that humans currently live 9.7 kilmeters away frm a natural area n average, which is 7% further away than in the year 2000. Eurpe and East Asia have the highest average distance t natural areas, such as 22 kilmeters in Germany and 16 kilmeters in France. The scientists als shwed that tree cver within cities has declined wrldwide since 2000, suggesting that the pssibility fr the urban ppulatin t access green spaces is reducing as well.
The scientists als systematically searched fr scientific publicatins assessing a trend in experiences f nature, finding that the number f studies assessing these trends was very lw (the number is 18), mst f which are abut the US, Eurpe and Japan. This shws that mre studies shuld investigate the claim abut the extinctin f nature experience, especially in Africa and Latin America. The 18 studies fund by the scientists shw a decline in visits t nature parks in the US and Japan, a decrease in camping activities in the US, and a decrease in the number f flwer species bserved by Japanese children. They als find signs f decline in the use f natural elements in nvels, sngs and cartns.
Despite these examples f decline, ther interactins are increasing. Watching wildlife dcumentaries r interacting with wild animals in videgames is, fr example, mre cmmn than a few years ag. “New ways f digitally interacting with nature have certainly emerged r increased in recent years,” says Dr Gladys Barragan-Jasn. “But several frmer studies shw that these vicarius interactins have a lesser effect n ur sense f cnnectin with nature than expsure t nature, such as visiting nature parks.”
1．Hw des the authr mainly develp the text?
A．By giving examples and making cntrast.
B．By listing data and classifying them.
C．By giving examples and definitins.
D．By analyzing data and making cmparisn.
2．The scientists shwed several signs f decline in .
A．the distance between humans and nature
B．the cnnectin between humans and wild animals
C．reading nvels, singing sngs and watching cartns
D．tree cver, visits t nature parks and nature presence in the arts
3．What des the underlined wrd “vicarius” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Psitive.B．Nvel.C．Indirect.D．Cmplex.
4．What can be a suitable title f the text?
A．Glbal Extinctin f Green Spaces.B．Decline in Experiences f Nature.
C．The Lst Jy in the Natural Wrld.D．A New Way f Cnnecting With Nature.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类接触自然的情况减少了。
1．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“The scientists fund that humans currently live 9.7 kilmeters away frm a natural area n average, which is 7% further away than in the year 2000. Eurpe and East Asia have the highest average distance t natural areas, such as 22 kilmeters in Germany and 16 kilmeters in France.(科学家们发现，目前人类居住的地方平均距离自然区域9.7公里，比2000年增加了7% 。欧洲和东亚到自然区域的平均距离最远，如德国为22公里，法国为16公里)”可知，此处用了对比的方法，根据第三段中“The 18 studies fund by the scientists shw a decline in visits t nature parks in the US and Japan, a decrease in camping activities in the US, and a decrease in the number f flwer species bserved by Japanese children. They als find signs f decline in the use f natural elements in nvels, sngs and cartns.(科学家们发现的18项研究表明，在美国和日本，参观自然公园的人数减少了，在美国露营活动减少了，日本儿童观察到的花卉种类也减少了。他们还发现了自然元素在小说、歌曲和卡通中使用减少的迹象)”和最后一段中“Despite these examples f decline, ther interactins are increasing. Watching wildlife dcumentaries r interacting with wild animals in videgames is, fr example, mre cmmn than a few years ag.(尽管有这些衰退的例子，其他的相互作用正在增加。例如，观看野生动物纪录片或在电子游戏中与野生动物互动比几年前更加普遍)”可知，此处用了举例子的方法，由此可推知，作者是通过举例子和作比较的方法来展开讲述这篇文章的，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The scientists als shwed that tree cver within cities has declined wrldwide since 2000, suggesting that the pssibility fr the urban ppulatin t access green spaces is reducing as well.(科学家们还表明，自2000年以来，世界各地城市内的树木覆盖率都在下降，这表明城市人口进入绿地的可能性也在下降)”和第三段中“The 18 studies fund by the scientists shw a decline in visits t nature parks in the US and Japan, a decrease in camping activities in the US, and a decrease in the number f flwer species bserved by Japanese children. They als find signs f decline in the use f natural elements in nvels, sngs and cartns.(科学家们发现的18项研究表明，在美国和日本，参观自然公园的人数减少了，在美国露营活动减少了，日本儿童观察到的花卉种类也减少了。他们还发现了自然元素在小说、歌曲和卡通中使用减少的迹象)”可知，科学家们发现了一些树木覆盖率下降，参观自然公园的人数减少，以及自然在艺术中的使用也减少了，故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“New ways f digitally interacting with nature have certainly emerged r increased in recent years(近年来，与大自然进行数字互动的新方式无疑已经出现或增加)”和划线单词所在句子“But several frmer studies shw that these vicarius interactins have a lesser effect n ur sense f cnnectin with nature than expsure t nature, such as visiting nature parks.(但是一些以前的研究表明，这些vicarius互动对我们与自然的联系的影响要小于接触自然的影响，例如参观自然公园。)”可知，我们参观自然，这是与自然的直接互动，这种互动对自然的影响要大于与大自然进行数字互动的新方式，因为与大自然进行数字互动的新方式是间接接触自然，并不是直接接触自然，由此可知，划线单词vicarius意为“间接的”，与C项“Indirect.(间接的)”意思一致，其他选项A. Psitive.积极的；B. Nvel.新颖的；D. Cmplex复杂的。均不符合语境，故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The idea that humans are facing a glbal extinctin f experience f nature is ppular, but is it true? T give mre light n this issue, the scientists measured hw the average distance frm an individual’s hme t the nearest area with lw human impact changed in the last decade.(人类正面临全球体验自然灭绝，这样的观点很流行，但这是真的吗？为了给这个问题提供更多的解释，科学家们测量了在过去的十年中，从一个人的家到最近的受人类影响较小的地区的平均距离是如何变化的)”和第二段中“The scientists fund that humans currently live 9.7 kilmeters away frm a natural area n average, which is 7% further away than in the year 2000.(科学家们发现，目前人类居住的地方平均距离自然区域9.7公里，比2000年增加7%)”，第三段中“The scientists als systematically searched fr scientific publicatins assessing a trend in experiences f nature, finding that the number f studies assessing these trends was very lw (the number is 18), mst f which are abut the US, Eurpe and Japan. (科学家们还系统地搜索评估自然体验趋势的科学出版物，发现评估这些趋势的研究数量非常少（只有18项），其中大部分是关于美国、欧洲和日本的)”可知，第一段提出人类接触自然的情况越来越少，接着文章用事实证明了这一观点，由此可推知，文章主要介绍了人类接触自然的情况减少了，B项“Decline in Experiences f Nature(体验自然的衰落)”适合做文章标题，故选B。
二、阅读理解之主旨大意---文章大意
1.（2024·黑龙江省佳木斯市三校联考高三第三次调研）
Xing Lingha was brn n May 29th, 2002 in Mianyang City, Sichuan Prvince. She lst her eyesight because f illness when she was nly tw mnths ld. But her mther later fund that Xing had a talent fr music. She culd play children’s sngs n a small electric (电子的) pian when she was 3 years ld. At the age f 6, she started learning the pian.
Unlike mst learners, Xing culd nt see the pian keybard (琴键), s she must remember where each key is thrugh its sund. That was very hard fr her. She practiced fr six t eight hurs every day s that she culd find the right keys.
Xing’s pian skill was getting better and better as she kept practicing. In 2020, she wn the Special Jury Prize in an internatinal yuth pian cmpetitin in Shanghai. “The pian is my best friend,” said Xing. It brings s much pleasure int my life and encurages me t face my life bravely.”
Xing has a great dream. She wants t be a great musician like Beethven. Beethven lst his hearing in his 20s and later went cmpletely deaf, but he didn’t give up his lve fr music. He wrte s many famus music wrks in his life. S fr herself, Xing still has a lng way t g.
1．When did Xing Lingha lse her eyesight?
A．When she was a baby.B．When she was a child.
C．When she was a student.D．When she was an adult.
2．Hw did Xing remember the lcatin f each key?
A．She learned frm Beethven.
B．She culd see the pian keybard.
C．She practiced fr six t eight hurs every day.
D．She listened t each key carefully and remembered it.
3．What can we knw frm the passage?
A．Beethven went cmpletely deaf in his 20s.
B．Xing wrte many famus music wrks in her life.
C．Mst learners remember where each key is thrugh its sund.
D．Xing shuld wrk hard t achieve her dream t be a great musician.
4．What des the passage mainly want t tell us?
A．Better late than never.
B．Strike while the irn (铁) is ht.
C．Actins speak luder than wrds.
D．Gd helps thse wh help themselves.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．D
【解析】本文是记叙文。本文讲述了盲人女孩熊翎好（音译）学钢琴的故事。她在仅两个月大的时候就失去了视力，但很早就展示出很好的音乐天赋，六岁时她开始学习弹钢琴。对于熊翎好来说，学钢琴并不容易，她必须记住每个琴键的位置，还需要花很长时间进行练习。但她通过艰苦的努力，取得了令人瞩目的成绩。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“She lst her eyesight because f illness when she was nly tw mnths ld.(她在两个月大的时候就因病失明了)”可知，当她只是一个两个月大的婴儿的时候就失明了。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike mst learners, Xing culd nt see the pian keybard (琴键), s she must remember where each key is thrugh its sund.(与大多数学习者不同，熊不能看到钢琴键盘，所以她必须通过声音来记住每个键的位置)”可知，她通过声音来记住每个琴键的位置。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Xing has a great dream. She wants t be a great musician like Beethven. Beethven lst his hearing in his 20s and later went cmpletely deaf, but he didn’t give up his lve fr music. He wrte s many famus music wrks in his life. S fr herself, Xing still has a lng way t g.(熊有一个伟大的梦想。她想成为像贝多芬那样伟大的音乐家。贝多芬在20多岁时失去了听力，后来完全失聪，但他并没有放弃对音乐的热爱。他一生中创作了许多著名的音乐作品。所以对于她自己来说，还有很长的路要走)”可知，想要实现成为伟大的音乐家的梦想，还有很长路要走，熊应该努力练习。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了盲人女孩熊翎好学钢琴的故事。她在仅两个月大的时候就失去了视力，但很早就展示出很好的音乐天赋，六岁时她开始学习弹钢琴。对于熊翎好来说，学钢琴并不容易，她必须记住每个琴键的位置，还需要花很长时间进行练习。但她通过艰苦的努力，取得了令人瞩目的成绩。从她的故事我们可以知道D项“Gd helps thse wh help themselves.(天助自助者)”。故选D项。
2.（2024·浙江省县域教研联盟高三上学期12月月考）
Tday, being freelancers (自由职业者) is ne f the mst pwerful trends in the way we wrk. Accrding t a current study, there are 70.4 millin freelancers in the US. By 2028, this number will increase t 90.1 millin, r54% f the wrkfrce, basically divided equally between genders.
It wuld appear t be slid guidance in tday’s mdern wrkfrce t tell sme ne wh wants the “3Fs”— flexibility, fulfillment, and financial independence — t “just g freelance”, right? The large numbers and data supprt this directin and suggest that it culd be regarded as safe and wise advice.
Hwever, telling smene wh is unhappy in their current prfessinal situatin t “just g freelance”, is like telling them t climb Mt Qmlangma withut xygen: 5% f climbers have succeeded, s it can be dne, but there will be hardship and a much higher chance f failure. Just as ne shuld weigh the risks f attempting t climb the 8848.86m muntain withut essential supplies, the idea f being freelancers must be truly understd.
The number is increasingly grwing, hwever, actually three quarters f self-described freelancers in the USare part-time, meaning the vast majrity are using freelance wrk as a side hustle (副业). What’s mre, research shws that 70% f full-time freelancers participated in upskilling training. Besides, mre than half (58%) f freelancers have experienced nn-payment frm clients, and mst d nt have retirement plans r affrdable health insurance. Many freelancers fail after the first year as a result f making avidable mistakes with nly a third making it.
We can’t simply tell peple t “just g freelance” unless we als tell them t invest in training and cperate with like-minded, supprtive cmmunities t strengthen industry rights befre they start their jurney t the summit as an individual, but never alne.
1．Which f the fllwing is NOT a benefit as a freelancer?
A．Flexible schedule.
B．Safer envirnment.
C．Less financial reliance.
D．A sense f achievement.
2．Why des the authr mentin “Mt Qmlangma” in paragraph3?
A．T indicate a bright future f freelancers.
B．T shw the determinatin f freelancers.
C．T highlight the challenge f reaching the tp.
D．T emphasize the imprtance f weighing risks.
3．What’s the authr’s attitude twards the grwing number f freelancers?
A．Cncerned.B．Supprtive.C．Understandable.D．Ambiguus.
4．What’s the main idea f the text?
A．Mst f the freelancers meet with failure.
B．Many Americans chse t be freelancers.
C．Being a freelancer is nt as easy as imagined.
D．Ging freelance brings us a prmising future.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者对做自由职业者的看法并给出了建议。
1．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Hwever, telling smene wh is unhappy in their current prfessinal situatin t “just g freelance”, is like telling them t climb Mt Qmlangma withut xygen: 5% f climbers have succeeded, s it can be dne, but there will be hardship and a much higher chance f failure. Just as ne shuld weigh the risks f attempting t climb the 8848.86m muntain withut essential supplies, the idea f being freelancers must be truly understd. (然而，告诉那些对目前的职业状况不满意的人“去做自由职业者吧”，就像告诉他们在没有氧气的情况下攀登珠穆朗玛峰：5%的登山者成功了，所以这是可以做到的，但会有困难，失败的可能性要高得多。就像一个人应该权衡在没有必要补给的情况下攀登8848.86米高的山峰的风险一样，作为自由职业者的想法必须得到真正的理解)”以及第四段中“Besides, mre than half(58%) f freelancers have experienced nn-payment frm clients, and mst d nt have retirement plans r affrdable health insurance. Many freelancers fail after the first year as a result f making avidable mistakes with nly a third making it. (此外，超过一半(58%)的自由职业者经历过客户不付款的情况，大多数人没有退休计划或负担得起的医疗保险。许多自由职业者在第一年就失败了，因为只有三分之一的人犯了可以避免的错误)”可推知，作为自由职业者没有更安全的环境。故选B。
2．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Hwever, telling smene wh is unhappy in their current prfessinal situatin t “just g freelance”, is like telling them t climb Mt Qmlangma withut xygen: 5% f climbers have succeeded, s it can be dne, but there will be hardship and a much higher chance f failure. Just as ne shuld weigh the risks f attempting t climb the 8848.86m muntain withut essential supplies, the idea f being freelancers must be truly understd. (然而，告诉那些对目前的职业状况不满意的人“去做自由职业者吧”，就像告诉他们在没有氧气的情况下攀登珠穆朗玛峰：5%的登山者成功了，所以这是可以做到的，但会有困难，失败的可能性要高得多。就像一个人应该权衡在没有必要补给的情况下攀登8848.86米高的山峰的风险一样，作为自由职业者的想法必须得到真正的理解)”可推知，作者将走自由职业者之路与攀登珠峰相比，主要是说明其成功率极低，强调权衡风险的重要性。故选D。
3．推理判断题。由文章第四段“The number is increasingly grwing, hwever, actually three quarters f self-described freelancers in the USare part-time, meaning the vast majrity are using freelance wrk as a side hustle (副业). What’s mre, research shws that 70% f full-time freelancers participated in upskilling training. Besides, mre than half(58%) f freelancers have experienced nn-payment frm clients, and mst d nt have retirement plans r affrdable health insurance. Many freelancers fail after the first year as a result f making avidable mistakes with nly a third making it. (这个数字还在不断增长，然而，实际上在美国，自称为自由职业者的人中有四分之三是兼职的，这意味着绝大多数人都把自由职业作为副业。更重要的是，研究表明70%的全职自由职业者参加了技能提升培训。此外，超过一半(58%)的自由职业者经历过客户不付款的情况，大多数人没有退休计划或负担得起的医疗保险。许多自由职业者在第一年就失败了，因为只有三分之一的人犯了可以避免的错误)”可推知，作者认为，有关自由职业者增长的统计数据有危险的误导性，作者很担忧。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章最后一段“We can’t simply tell peple t “just g freelance” unless we als tell them t invest in training and cperate with like-minded, supprtive cmmunities t strengthen industry rights befre they start their jurney t the summit as an individual, but never alne. (我们不能简单地告诉人们“做自由职业者”，除非我们也告诉他们投资培训，并与志同道合的、支持他们的社区合作，在他们以个人身份开始他们的峰会之旅之前，加强行业权利，但绝不能独自一人)”可知，作者主要分析了从事自由职业所面临的种种困难和挑战，探讨了从事自由职业是否是一种明智的选择，告诫大家成为一名自由职业者并不像想象中那么容易，对此发表了自己的看法并给出了建议。故选C。
3.（2024·浙江省诸暨市高三上学期12月诊断性考试）
As vast fields surrunding Beijing and Shanghai transfrmed int twering skyscrapers, and ld bicycles gave way t mtr vehicles, the essence f music cmmunicatin remained unchanged ver these shifts.
“I’ll never frget that I’ve never seen s many bicycles in my life,” Philadelphia Orchestra vilinist Davyd Bth said, recalling his first tur in China 50 years ag. “Everyne rde a bicycle. There were literally hundreds, thusands.”
This mnth, 14 musicians frm the Philadelphia Orchestra, including Bth, are returning t China, with perfrmances scheduled in Beijing, Tianjin, Suzhu and Shanghai. The tur marks the 50th anniversary (周年纪念日) f their first visit in the 1970s, celebrating the unique friendship between China and the United States. Over the years, the rchestra (管弦乐团) has strengthened cnnectins acrss China, with cncerts and residencies that facilitate meaningful peple-t-peple interactins.
Bth said the 1973 tur was his first internatinal trip with the rchestra. He cnsidered himself lucky t have been part f the tur. He had just auditined (试演) and gt accepted int the rchestra that year. His fficial start date was scheduled after the rchestra’s return frm China, but Bth received a call frm the persnnel manager infrming him that smene had fallen ill. He then tk the place and went t China.
“I was incredibly thrilled! Then, after I hung up, I realized I didn’t even have a passprt,” Bth said. Hwever, he gt his passprt and visa in just three days, thanks t the strng supprt frm bth cuntries. With his vilin in tw. Bth jined the team n the 15-hur flight t China.
In additin t sme regular cmpsitins, the Philadelphia Orchestra als played the YellwRiver Cncert, ne f the mst ppular pian cncerts in China even tday. The Philadelphia Orchestra cperated n this ensemble (合奏) with a Chinese pianist, marking the earliest ties between the US and China in music.
After the cncert, the team was hanging arund n the streets, Bth said. It was a fun experience even thugh peple did nt knw hw t talk t lcals because f language barriers, he said. “Yu can cmmunicate a lt by smiling, and it wrked ut very, very well,” he added.
1．What is the passage generally abut?
A．US artists will give live perfrmances
B．Bth recalled his first visit t China.
C．Great changes have ccurred in China.
D．China and the US are living in peace.
2．What d yu knw frm paragraph 3?
A．The rchestra is ppular in America.
B．Music perfrmances happen a lt in China.
C．Music cmmunicatin remains active.
D．Bth has cme t China fr the 50th time.
3．Bth meant that his getting the chance t cme t China in 1973 was just a(an) ________.
A．magicB．mistakeC．luxuryD．accident
4．What is the rle music plays based n the passage?
A．It serves t build bridge.B．It stimulates peple’s interest.
C．It cntributes t equality.D．It remves barriers t harmny.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【解析】本文是篇记叙文。文章通过描述费城交响乐团小提琴家戴维·布斯50年前第一次来中国的见闻和演出，以及今天两国之间在音乐上的合作与交流，体现了音乐超越了地理边界和语言障碍的神奇力量。
1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Philadelphia Orchestra vilinist Davyd Bth said, recalling his first tur in China 50 years ag.”（费城交响乐团小提琴家戴维·布斯回忆起50年前他首次访华时说。）和下文的具体描述可知，本文主要是描述布斯对他第一次访华的回忆。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“This mnth, 14 musicians frm the Philadelphia Orchestra, including Bth, are returning t China, with perfrmances scheduled in Beijing, Tianjin, Suzhu and Shanghai.”（本月，包括布斯在内的14名费城交响乐团的音乐家将回到中国，在北京、天津、苏州和上海进行演出。）和“Over the years, the rchestra (管弦乐团) has strengthened cnnectins acrss China, with cncerts and residencies that facilitate meaningful peple-t-peple interactins.”（多年来，乐团加强了与中国各地的联系，举办音乐会和驻地活动，促进了有意义的人与人之间的互动。）可知，中美两国之间的音乐交流依然很积极、活跃。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“He had just auditined (试演) and gt accepted int the rchestra that year. His fficial start date was scheduled after the rchestra’s return frm China, but Bth received a call frm the persnnel manager infrming him that smene had fallen ill. He then tk the place and went t China.”（那年，他刚刚参加了试演，并被乐团录取了。他的正式开始日期定于乐团从中国回来后，但布斯接到人事经理的电话，通知他有人生病了，然后他代替他去了中国。）可知，布斯本来是不在去中国的人员名单中的，因为有人突然生病，他代替了他的位置才得到了去中国的机会，所以是一个意外。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“As vast fields surrunding Beijing and Shanghai transfrmed int twering skyscrapers, and ld bicycles gave way t mtr vehicles, the essence f music cmmunicatin remained unchanged ver these shifts.”（当北京和上海周围的广阔田野变成了高耸的摩天大楼，旧自行车被机动车取代，音乐交流的本质在这些变化中保持不变。）和第三段“The tur marks the 50th anniversary (周年纪念日) f their first visit in the 1970s, celebrating the unique friendship between China and the United States. Over the years, the rchestra (管弦乐团) has strengthened cnnectins acrss China, with cncerts and residencies that facilitate meaningful peple-t-peple interactins.”（ 这次访问是为了纪念他们在20世纪70年代首次访问美国50周年，庆祝中美之间独特的友谊。多年来，乐团加强了与中国各地的联系，举办音乐会和驻地活动，促进了有意义的人与人之间的互动。）可知，文章表明，音乐有着交流沟通的本质，它促进了中美两国的交流和互动，加强了两国之间的联系，起到了搭建桥梁的作用。故选A。
4.（2024·湖南省名校联考联合体高三上学期第二次联考）
Scial scientists have lng understd that when peple are smart and skilled, they’re likely t gain trust. T appear mre capable — and therefre mre trustwrthy — many peple tend t bast (吹嘘), accrding t anther lngstanding thery that researchers call impressin management. But a new paper suggests that the cmmn methd peple use t gain trust culd have the ppsite effect.
“If yu cnsider yurself a highly capable individual, have a gd educatin, are successful in life, then dn’t talk t prudly abut it when presenting yurself t thers r managing impressins abut what yu can d,” said Martin Reimann, the paper’s lead authr. “It can backfire, and peple might becme distrusting.”
“Since impressin management is s widespread, we wndered hw it impacts the well-knwn effect f ability n trust,” Reimann said.
T answer the questin, the researchers designed seven nline experiments cncerning participants’ trust. In ne experiment, fr example, participants shpped fr a TV in an nline marketplace, similar t Amazn, with third-party vendrs (销售商). Custmer reviews with star ratings tld participants hw capable r cmpetent vendrs were, and each vendr’s ad either did r did nt include a bastful statement f self-prmtin.
Designing seven studies, Reimann said, allwed the researchers t reach mre peple and explre a range f variables that might affect smene’s willingness t trust. There were mre than 106,000 participants acrss all seven studies.
The experiments shwed that participants were mre likely, unsurprisingly, t trust peple r cmpanies that appeared mre capable. But every study als shwed that highly capable peple r cmpanies were viewed as less trustwrthy if they als bastfully prmted themselves.
“We see trust as a central cncept that hlds tgether sciety,” Reimann added. “If we dn’t trust each ther, then a lt f prcesses culd cme t a standstill. It’s imprtant t understand what it is in the first place that leads peple t trust each ther, and hw we can encurage that at different levels f sciety. That’s what we want t further uncver.”
1．Accrding t the text, what d many peple d by impressin management?
A．Make themselves seem mre imprtant.B．Remind thers that basting will lse trust.
C．Shw what their impressin f smene is.D．Prve that they have becme mre capable.
2．Which f the fllwing in the experiment was cnnected with basting?
A．A TV.B．Participants.C．Vendrs.D．Custmer reviews.
3．What will the researchers’ future study fcus n?
A．The bad effects f basting.B．Peple’s views n basting.
C．Prmtin f trust amng peple.D．Different levels f trust in sciety.
4．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Peple need t be able t trust each ther.B．Basting culd make peple trust yu less.
C．Peple’s trust depends n hw hnest yu are.D．Being gd at yur jb helps yu t gain trust.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现，人们用来获得信任的常用方法可能会产生相反的效果。
1．细节理解题。根据首段中的“T appear mre capable — and therefre mre trustwrthy — many peple tend t bast (吹嘘), accrding t anther lngstanding thery that researchers call impressin management.(根据另一个研究人员称之为印象管理的长期理论，为了显得更有能力——从而更值得信赖——许多人倾向于自夸。)”可知，通过印象管理，人们是为了让自己显得更有能力，从而更值得信赖，由此可知，人们通过印象管理是使自己看起来更重要。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Custmer reviews with star ratings tld participants hw capable r cmpetent vendrs were, and each vendr’s ad either did r did nt include a bastful statement f self-prmtin.(带有星级的顾客评论告诉参与者销售商的能力或能力如何，每个销售商的广告要么包含或不包含自我推销的吹嘘声明。)”可知，在实验中，每个销售商的广告中有的包含自我推销的吹嘘声明，有的不包含自我推销的吹嘘声明，所以，与吹嘘有关系的应该是销售商。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“If we dn’t trust each ther, then a lt f prcesses culd cme t a standstill. It’s imprtant t understand what it is in the first place that leads peple t trust each ther, and hw we can encurage that at different levels f sciety. That’s what we want t further uncver.(如果我们不相互信任，那么很多进程可能会停滞不前。重要的是首先要了解是什么导致人们相互信任，以及我们如何在社会的不同层面鼓励这一点。这就是我们想要进一步揭示的。)”可知，Reimann认为，要想人们之间相互信任就要了解什么导致人们之间的相互信任，以及我们如何在不同层面鼓励人们之间的相互信任，这是他们要进一步揭示的内容，所以，接下来研究者们要研究的重点是增进人与人之间的相互信任。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“T appear mre capable — and therefre mre trustwrthy — many peple tend t bast (吹嘘), accrding t anther lngstanding thery that researchers call impressin management. But a new paper suggests that the cmmn methd peple use t gain trust culd have the ppsite effect.(根据另一个研究人员称之为印象管理的长期理论，为了显得更有能力——从而更值得信赖——许多人倾向于自夸。但一篇新的论文表明，人们用来获得信任的常用方法可能会产生相反的效果。)”可知，研究发现有能力的人更值得信任，但是新的研究发现，通过自夸的方式去获得信任反而产生相反的效果，结合下文中对该研究的进一步介绍和分析可知，本文主要讲述的是自夸可能会使得人们对你的信任减少。故选B项。
5.（2024·广东省江门市高三调研测试）
A cmputer mdel created by researchers can detect ChatGPT-generated fake studies with great accuracy, a new study shws. This implies that althugh the artificial intelligence(AI)chatbt ChatGPT may be a decent imitatr f human wrkers in several fields, scientific research is nt ne f them.
In the new study, published June 7 in the jurnal Cell Reprts Physical Science, researchers created a new cmputer learning prgram t tell the differences between real scientific papers and fake examples written by ChatGPT. The scientists trained the prgram t identify key differences between 64 real studies published in the jurnal Science and 128 papers created by ChatGPT using the same 64 papers as a prmpt.
The team then tested hw well their mdel culd distinguish between a grup f real papers and ChatGPT-generated papers, which included 60 real papers frm the jurnal Science and 120 AI-generated papers. The prgram marked the AI-written papers mre than 99%f the time and culd crrectly tell the differences between human-written and chatbt-written paragraphs 92%f the time.
ChatGPT-generated papers differed frm human text in fur key ways: paragraph cmplexity, sentence-level diversity in length, punctuatin marks and “ppular wrds”. Fr example, human authrs write lnger and mre cmplex paragraphs, while the AI papers used punctuatin that is nt fund in real papers, such as exclamatin marks.
Creating cmputer prgrams t tell real papers frm AI-generated nes is imprtant because previus studies have hinted that humans may nt be as gd at sptting the differences and AI is still capable f fling sme humans with its science writing.
The researchers f the new study say they are pleased that their prgram is effective at weeding ut fake papers but warn it is nly a prf f cncept. Much mre wide-scale studies are needed t create better mdels that are even mre reliable and can be trained t specific scientific disciplines t maintain the integrity f the scientific methd.
1．Which f the fllwing statements may be true accrding t the passage?
A．Paragraphs created by ChatGPT are shrter and easier.
B．Every human behaviur can be imitated by ChatGPT.
C．AI-generated papers can be crrectly recgnized by humans.
D．Humans are better at telling real papers frm AI-generated nes.
2．What des the figures in Para.3 indicate?
A．The cmplexity f the test.
B．The imprtance f AI-generated papers.
C．The effectiveness f the cmputer mdel.
D．A perfect match between AI-generated papers and real papers.
3．What may be the the researchers’ attitudes twards the cmputer prgram?
A．Favrable.B．Pessimistic.C．Skeptical.D．Cautius.
4．What des the authr mainly talk abut in the text?
A．The applicatin f ChatGPT in paper writing.
B．A cmputer prgram t identify.AI-generated papers.
C．The difference between AI-generated papers and real papers.
D．Pssibility fr ChatGPT t create cnvincing scientific papers.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种可以区分论文是否是真实的科学论文和ChatGPT写的一种程序。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“ChatGPT-generated papers differed frm human text in fur key ways: paragraph cmplexity, sentence-level diversity in length, punctuatin marks and “ppular wrds”. Fr example, human authrs write lnger and mre cmplex paragraphs, while the AI papers used punctuatin that is nt fund in real papers, such as exclamatin marks.( ChatGPT生成的论文在四个关键方面与人类文本不同：段落复杂性、句子级长度的多样性、标点符号和“流行词”。例如，人类作者写了更长、更复杂的段落，而人工智能论文使用了真实论文中没有的标点符号，例如感叹号)”可推知，ChatGPT生成的文章段落不如人类复杂多样，即ChatGPT创建的段落更短、更容易，故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The team then tested hw well their mdel culd distinguish between a grup f real papers and ChatGPT-generated papers, which included 60 real papers frm the jurnal Science and 120 AI-generated papers. The prgram marked the AI-written papers mre than 99%f the time and culd crrectly tell the differences between human-written and chatbt-written paragraphs 92%f the time. (然后，研究团队测试了他们的模型在区分一组真实论文和ChatGPT生成的论文方面的效果，其中包括60篇来自《科学》杂志的真实论文和120篇由ChatGPT生成的论文。该程序标记了超过99%的AI撰写的论文，并能够在92%的时间里正确区分人类撰写和聊天机器人撰写的段落)”可推知，这个计算机模型非常高效，可以很快的标记出AI撰写的论文，故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“The researchers f the new study say they are pleased that their prgram is effective at weeding ut fake papers but warn it is nly a prf f cncept. (这项新研究的研究人员表示，他们对程序在筛选虚假论文方面的有效性感到满意，但警告说这仅仅是一个概念证明)”可知，研究人员虽然对该程序满意，但是却表示该程序仅仅是一个概念证明。由此推知，研究人员对计算机程序的态度是谨慎的，故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中“In the new study, published June 7 in the jurnal Cell Reprts Physical Science, researchers created a new cmputer learning prgram t tell the differences between real scientific papers and fake examples written by ChatGPT. (在6月7日发表在《细胞报告物理科学》杂志上的新研究中，研究人员创建了一种新的计算机学习程序，以区分真实的科学论文和ChatGPT写的假例子)”可知，文章主要讲述了一种可以区分论文是否是真实的科学论文和ChatGPT写的一种程序，故选B项。
三、阅读理解之主旨大意---段落大意
1.（2024·浙江省台州市高三上学期第一次教学质量评估节选）
The cmpany wrked hard t make the system simple t put in place and easy t run. A wden walkway allws wheelchair users t reach the Seatrac. The system is slar pwered and can cntinue t run even if the electricity ges ut. The Scatrac system can easily be packed up and stred when swimming seasn ends.
30．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The advantages f the Seatrac system.B．The success f the TOBEA cmpany.
C．The effrts f the TOBEA cmpany.D．The applicatin f the Seatrac system.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“The cmpany wrked hard t make the system simple t put in place and easy t run. A wden walkway allws wheelchair users t reach the Seatrac. The system is slar pwered and can cntinue t run even if the electricity ges ut. The Scatrac system can easily be packed up and stred when swimming seasn ends. (该公司努力使该系统易于安装和运行。木制人行道允许轮椅使用者到达Seatrac。该系统由太阳能供电，即使停电也可以继续运行。Scatrac系统可以在游泳季节结束时轻松打包和存放)”可知，本段主要讲述了Scatrac系统的优势，故选A项。
2.（2024·浙江省Z20名校联盟高三上学期第二次联考）
Amazn recently annunced its latest launch, a rbt called Astr. Small in size, but with impressive technlgy, Astr is seemingly similar t Amazn’s ppular virtual assistant. With all the same capabilities as Alexa, many critics are asking why there’s a need fr Astr.
Answering this questin, Amazn’s Vice-President f Prducts, Charlie Tritschler, highlights sme unique features f Astr that make it a different kind f rbt. Astr can mve n its wn and fllw peple, ffering cnsumers a far brader range f ptins. Besides, it can mnitr hme security. Astr uses Artificial Intelligence t learn mre abut husehld members by interacting with users. Users can als register themselves and thers int its recgnitin system. When they leave hme, they can make an away mde, which means “Sentry (哨兵) Mde”, r “Patrl Mde” start wrking. If smene wh is nt recgnized enters the huse, Astr will fllw and recrd them. Astr’s mbility seems t be the key feature in its technlgical enhancement, but what appeals t peple mst is its “unique persna”. Its big, circular, blinking “eyes” displayed n its screen-like head making it lk rather cute are a big reasn fr this.
Years f research shw that humans ften experience psitive emtinal cnnectins with rbts. Accrding t MIT’s technlgy review f Astr, it may nt fall far frm this bservatin. Peple have cme t lve rbtic pets, thugh they are fully aware that the pets are lifeless. Rbts at hme can play a useful rle in helping elderly patients fight lneliness r yung children face scial anxiety.
Amazn is ffering peple interested in Astr the chance t sign up fr Day 1 Editins, a prgram giving invitatins t Astr as sn as it ges n the market later this year. Tritschler is encuraging peple t persnalize the rbt when it becmes available, and he is cnfident that users will cme up with mre ideas and features they will want t see in the rbt in the near future t make it even better.
1．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The cnvenient peratin f Astr.B．The essential functins f Astr.
C．The increasing ppularity f Astr.D．The distinctive capabilities f Astr.
2．Which aspect f Astr attracts peple mst?
A．Its recgnitin system.B．Its ability t mve n its wn.
C．Its adrable appearance.D．Its ability t mnitr hme security.
3．What is Tritschler’s attitude t the future f Astr?
A．Critical.B．Psitive.C．Uncertain.D．Dubtful.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Astr: A Rbt AssistantB．The New Revlutin f AI
C．Astr: An Emtinal ReliefD．The Great Ptential f Rbts
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是亚马逊最近发布的一款名为Astr的机器人。
1．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Answering this questin, Amazn’s Vice-President f Prducts, Charlie Tritschler, highlights sme unique features f Astr that make it a different kind f rbt.(在回答这个问题时，亚马逊产品副总裁Charlie Tritschler强调了Astr的一些独特功能，使其成为一种不同的机器人。)”结合下文中介绍的Astr的一些独特的功能可知，本段主要介绍的是Astr的一些独特的功能。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的：“Its big, circular, blinking “eyes” displayed n its screen-like head making it lk rather cute are a big reasn fr this.(它像屏幕一样的头上长着大大的、圆形的、闪烁的“眼睛”，这让它看起来相当可爱，这是一个重要的原因。)”可知，Astr头上长着的大大的、圆形的、闪烁的“眼睛”让他看起来很可爱，由此可知，Astr最吸引人的是它可爱的外表。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Tritschler is encuraging peple t persnalize the rbt when it becmes available, and he is cnfident that users will cme up with mre ideas and features they will want t see in the rbt in the near future t make it even better.(特里奇勒鼓励人们在机器人可用时对其进行个性化设计，他相信在不久的将来，用户会提出更多的想法和功能，让机器人变得更好。)”可知，Tritschler相信在不久的将来，用户会提出更多的想法和功能，让机器人变得更好，由此可知，Tritschler对Astr的未来持乐观的态度。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Amazn recently annunced its latest launch, a rbt called Astr. Small in size, but with impressive technlgy, Astr is seemingly similar t Amazn’s ppular virtual assistant.(亚马逊最近发布了一款名为Astr的机器人。Astr体积小，但技术令人印象深刻，看起来与亚马逊流行的虚拟助手类似。)”结合下文中的介绍的Astr的独特的功能以及对机器人未来发展情况的介绍可知，本文主要介绍的是亚马逊推出的一款称为Astr的机器人，所以题目“Astr：机器人助手”与本文的内容吻合，且可以概括本文的主题，适合作为本文的最佳题目。故选A项。
3.（2024·浙江省稽阳联谊学校高三上学期11月联考 阅读理解B节选）
Debate tests the teenage character perhaps mre than any ther activity. The shy and the unsure ften have n desire t lk up frm their screens and engage in the ldest human interactin: persuasive ral arguments. It’s dreadful territry fr the average teenager. Research, writing, delivering a speech in frnt f yur peers, it all sunds like the kind f class students wuld be mst likely t skip. But Anna draws them in.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段前四句“Debate tests the teenage character perhaps mre than any ther activity. The shy and the unsure ften have n desire t lk up frm their screens and engage in the ldest human interactin: persuasive ral arguments. It’s dreadful territry fr the average teenager. Research, writing, delivering a speech in frnt f yur peers, it all sunds like the kind f class students wuld be mst likely t skip.(辩论也许比任何其他活动都更能考验青少年的性格。害羞和不确定的人通常不想从他们的屏幕上抬起头来参与最古老的人类互动：有说服力的口头辩论。对于普通青少年来说，这是一个可怕的领域。研究、写作、在同龄人面前发表演讲，这些听起来都是学生最有可能跳过的课程。)”可知，第二段主要是讲辩论对青少年的挑战性。故选A。
4.（2024·河北省邢台市质检联盟高三上学期10月期中阅读理解B节选）
Wall painting is part f Tm’s utput. He has created a wall painting fr Electric Picnic, alng with fur ther artists invited t take part in this cmmissin. His wall painting has a special theme, prtrayed by dves (鸽子). As well as his anti-war standpint, he is ding smething meaningful. Tm is a funding member f a tree planting prject called Trees Please. The grup has distributed 10, 000 trees in abut fur years acrss Ireland.
5．What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut Tm?
A．His sense f humr and creativity.B．His effrt t prtect plants and animals.
C．His advice n painting and planting trees.D．His passin fr peace and the envirnment.
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Wall painting is part f Tm’s utput. He has created a wall painting fr Electric Picnic, alng with fur ther artists invited t take part in this cmmissin. His wall painting has a special theme, prtrayed by dves (鸽子). As well as his anti-war standpint, he is ding smething meaningful. Tm is a funding member f a tree planting prject called Trees Please. The grup has distributed 10, 000 trees in abut fur years acrss Ireland.”（壁画是汤姆作品的一部分。他为Electric Picnic创作了一幅壁画，与其他四位艺术家一起被邀请参加这个项目。他的壁画有一个特别的主题，画的是鸽子。除了他的反战立场，他还在做一些有意义的事情。汤姆是植树项目“请植树”的创始成员。该组织在大约四年的时间里在爱尔兰各地种植了1万棵树。）可知，第二段主要告诉我们汤姆对和平和环境的热爱。故选D项。
5.（2024·河北省邢台市质检联盟高三上学期10月期中）Nash equilibrium helps a player determine the best payff in a situatin based n nt nly their decisins but als the decisins f ther parties invlved. It can als be used in many aspects f life, frm ecnmics t scial behaviral sciences, frm business strategies t a huse sale and s n.
What des paragraph 4 mainly tell us abut Nash equilibrium?
A．Its elements.B．Its applicatins.C．Its drawbacks.D．Its backgrunds.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Nash equilibrium helps a player determine the best payff in a situatin based n nt nly their decisins but als the decisins f ther parties invlved. It can als be used in many aspects f life, frm ecnmics t scial behaviral sciences, frm business strategies t a huse sale and s n.”（纳什均衡帮助玩家在一种情况下确定最佳收益，这种情况不仅基于他们自己的决策，也基于其他参与方的决策。它也可以用于生活的许多方面，从经济学到社会行为科学，从商业策略到房屋销售等等。）可知，关于纳什均衡，第四段主要告诉了我们它的应用。故选B项。
高考真题
1.2022年全国甲卷之C篇
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins (企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided I wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
29. What made Ginni decide n the trip t Antarctica?
A. Lvely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discunt fare.D. A friend’s invitatin.
30. What des Ginni think abut Antarctica after the jurney?
A. It culd be a hme fr her.B. It shuld be easily accessible.
C. It shuld be well preserved.D. It needs t be fully intrduced.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A childhd dream.B. An unfrgettable experience.
C. Sailing arund the wrld.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balintn从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
28. A词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
29. C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tiera del Fueg. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
30. C细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
31. B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Balintn去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段“These gentle lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget. (这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni Balintn对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Balintn去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，An unfrgettable experience. (一次难忘的经历)能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
2.C【2021·全国新高考II卷】
A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (变革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."
8．What will Zafiraku d with her prize mney?
A．Make a mvie.B．Build new schls.
C．Run a prject.D．Help lcal musicians.
9．What des Craig-Martin think f the teaching f the arts in UK schls?
A．It is particularly difficult.B．It increases artists' incme.
C．It pens children's mind.D．It deserves greater attentin.
10．What shuld be stressed in schl educatin accrding t Schama?
A．Mral principles.B．Interpersnal skills.
C．Creative abilities.D．Psitive wrldviews.
11．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Bring Artists t SchlsB．When Histrians Meet Artists
C．Arts Educatin in BritainD．The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher
【答案】11．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
11．文章标题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafiraku, a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. “We are ging t make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafiraku)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafiraku用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。
3.D【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
15．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Geniuses Think AlikeB．Genius Takes Many Frms
C．Genius and IntelligenceD．Genius and Luck
【答案】15．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
15．文章标题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Wh is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, wh are able t change the wrld.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
4.C【2021·全国新高考I卷】
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
31．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Federal Duck Stamp StryB．The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C．The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD．The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
【答案】31．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
31．文章标题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
5.C【2021·全国高考乙卷】
Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（来源）f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped（倾倒） frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
31．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Artists’ Opinins n Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C．Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D．Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
【答案】31．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Vn Wng用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Trucklad f Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Vn Wng通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。
31．标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Vn Wng)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒) frm a truck all at nce.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Vn Wng)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Vn Wng)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。
6.2022年全国甲卷之C篇
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
24. Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A. By fllwing instructins.B. By using a tl.
C. By turning the bx arund.D. By remving the lid.
25. Which task can human ne-year-lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A. Using a key t unlck a dr.B. Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C. Putting a ball int a rund hle.D. Gruping tys f different shapes.
26. What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A. Hw far they are able t see.B. Hw they track mving bjects.
C. Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.D. Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB. Cckats: Independent Learners
C. Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。
24. B细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting, the crrect “keys” wuld let ut the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
25. C细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
26. D推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues, r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
27. D主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Cffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
7.2022年全国乙卷之C篇
Can a small grup f drnes (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient (高效) acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
28. What makes the applicatin f drnes t rail lines pssible?
A. The use f drnes in checking n pwer lines.B. Drnes’ ability t wrk at high altitudes.
C. The reductin f cst in designing drnes.D. Drnes’ reliable perfrmance in remte areas.
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety.B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. Inspectin and repair.D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
30. What functin is expected f the rail drnes?
A. T prvide early warning.B. T make trains run autmatically.
C T earn prfits fr the crews.D. T accelerate transprtatin.
31. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B. Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D. Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
28. B推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可推知，无人机在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选B。
29. C词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspectin and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
30. A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.(带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。 凭借他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应。)”可知对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题。故选A。
31. D主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small grup f drnes(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmeters f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
8.2022年1月浙江卷之C篇
The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there’s a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list. New researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Hrder, f the University f Gthenburg in Sweden, said: "These findings are exciting because it’s pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular （心血管）fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia. "
Fr the study, 191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted t measure their peak （最大值的） cardivascular capacity. The average peak wrklad was measured at 103 watts.
A ttal f 40 wmen met the criteria fr a high fitness level, r 120 watts r higher. A ttal f 92 wmen were in the medium fitness categry; and 59 wmen were in the lw fitness categry, defined as a peak wrklad f 80 watts r less, r having their exercise tests stpped because f high bld pressure, chest pain r ther cardivascular prblems.
These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades. During that time, 44 f the wmen develped dementia. Five percent f the highly fit wmen develped dementia, cmpared t 25 percent f the wmen with medium fitness and 32 percent f the wmen with lw fitness.
"Hwever, this study des nt shw cause and effect between cardivascular fitness and dementia, it nly shws an assciatin. Mre research is needed t see if imprved fitness culd have a psitive effect n the risk f dementia and als t lk at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is mst imprtant. " She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied, all f whm were frm Sweden, s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups.
7. What is n the ever-grwing list mentined in the first paragraph?
A. Psitive effects f ding exercises.
B. Exercises suitable fr the middle-aged.
C. Experimental studies n diseases.
D. Advantages f sprty wman ver man
8. Why did the researchers ask the wman t d bicycle exercise?
A. T predict their maximum heart rate.
B. T assess their cardivascular capacity
C. T change their habits f wrking ut
D. T detect their ptential health prblems
9. What d we knw abut Dr Hrder's study?
A. It aimed t find a cure fr dementia.
B. Data cllectin was a lengthy prcess.
C. Sme participants withdrew frm it.
D. The results were far frm satisfactry.
10. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Mre Wmen Are Exercising t Prevent Dementia
B. Middle-Aged Wmen Need t D Mre Exercise
C. Fit Wmen Are Less Likely t Develp Dementia
D. Biking Imprves Wmen's Cardivascular Fitness
【答案】7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了经常锻炼的中年女性在老年时罹患失智症的几率会大大降低。
7. A细节理解题。根据文章第一段“New researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）可知，第一段提到了健身锻炼的好处。故选A项。
8. B细节理解题。根据上文“These findings are exciting because it’s pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia.”（这些发现令人兴奋，因为在中年时改善人们的心血管健康可能会延缓甚至防止他们患上痴呆症。）以及本段“Fr the study, 191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted t measure their peak cardivascular capacity.”（在这项研究中，191名平均年龄为50岁的女性进行了自行车运动测试，直到她们精疲力竭，以测量她们的心血管峰值能力。）可知，做这项实验的目的是为了测试女性的心血管峰值能力。故选B项。
9. B细节理解题。根据文章第五段“These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades.”（这些女性在随后的四十年里测试了六次失智症状况。）可知，此次实验的数据收集是一个长期的过程。故选B项。
10. C推理判断题。根据文章第一段“New researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）以及文章后面几段通过列举实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大大降低。故选C项。
9.2021年新高考I卷之C篇
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
28. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.
C. Destry.D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp StryB. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
28. A细节理解题。根据第一段“Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
29. C词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfrtunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Exprt出口；C. Destry破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
30. D推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
31. A主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
10.2021年全国甲卷之D篇
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
12. What des the authr think f victrs' standards fr jining the genius club?
A. They're unfair.B. They're cnservative.
C. They're bjective.D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They lk up t great thinkers.
C They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D. They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs
14. Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A. Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.
B. Less discriminatin against wmen.
C. Acceptance f victrs' cncepts.
D. Changes in peple's scial psitins.
15. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
12. A推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that histry is written by victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club-wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief-they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。
13. D推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief. Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
14. A细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we’re all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。
15. B主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Wh is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, wh are able t change the wrld.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
11.2021年全国乙卷之C篇
Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（来源）f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped（倾倒） frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
28. What are Vn Wng’s artwrks intended fr?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.B. Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.
C. Drawing public attentin t plastic waste.D. Reducing garbage n the beach.
29. Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. T shw the difficulty f their recycling.
B. T explain why they are useful.
C. T vice his views n mdern art.
D. T find a substitute fr them.
30. What effect wuld “Trucklad f Plastic” have n viewers?
A. Calming.B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing.D. Challenging.
31. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Artists’ Opinins n Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C. Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D. Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C 31. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Vn Wng用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Trucklad f Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Vn Wng通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。
28. C推理判断题。根据第一段“But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王（Benjamin Vn Wng）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，Vn Wng用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C项。
29. A推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源) f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。)”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。故选A项。
30. C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒) frm a truck all at nce.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Vn Wng)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋这件事“耳目一新”。故选C项。
31. D标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Vn Wng)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒) frm a truck all at nce.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Vn Wng)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Vn Wng)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。
12.2021年新高考II卷之C篇
A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (变革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness, that has been ur strength fr centuries."
8. What will Zafiraku d with her prize mney?
A. Make a mvie.B. Build new schls.
C. Run a prject.D. Help lcal musicians.
9. What des Craig-Martin think f the teaching f the arts in UK schls?
A. It is particularly difficult.B. It increases artists' incme.
C. It pens children's mind.D. It deserves greater attentin.
10. What shuld be stressed in schl educatin accrding t Schama?
A. Mral principles.B. Interpersnal skills.
C. Creative abilities.D. Psitive wrldviews.
11. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bring Artists t SchlsB. When Histrians Meet Artists
C. Arts Educatin in BritainD. The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. C 11. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
8. C细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. “We are ging t make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafiraku)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，Zafiraku打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
9. A推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.（许多学校很难让任何类型的艺术家——无论是当地崭露头角的音乐家还是主要的电影明星——进入学校，与孩子们一起工作并激励他们，因此才有了这个项目。）”可知，Craig-Martin认为，英国学校的艺术教学尤其困难。故选A。
10. C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。
11. A主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafiraku, a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. “We are ging t make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafiraku)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafiraku用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。
13.2021年6月浙江卷
We live in a twn with three beaches. There are tw parts less than 10 minutes’ walk frm hme where neighbrhd children gather t play. Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it fr hurs. They are nt alne. Tday's children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say “chclate” int his three-year-ld sn’s ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself “marketing directr frm Nature”. He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
“Just five mre minutes utdrs can make a difference,” David Bnd says. “There is a lt f really interesting evidence which seems t be suggesting that if children are inspired up t the age f seven, then being utdrs will be n habit fr life.” His wn children have gt int the habit f playing utside nw: “We just send them ut int the garden and tell them nt t cme back in fr a while.”
Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them play.
4. What is the prblem with the authr’s children?
A. They ften anny their neighburs.B. They are tired f ding their hmewrk.
C. They have n friends t play withD. They stay in frnt f screens fr t lng.
5. Hw did David Bnd advcate his idea?
A. By making a dcumentary film.B. By rganizing utdr activities.
C. By advertising in Lndn media.D. By creating a netwrk f friends.
6. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. recrdsB. predictsC. delaysD. cnfirms
7. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Let Children Have FunB. Yung Children Need Mre Free Time
C. Market Nature t ChildrenD. David Bnd: A Rle Mdel fr Children
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人David Bnd为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。
4. D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it fr hurs. (然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏幕——盯着它看几个小时)”可知，作者的孩子在屏幕前呆的时间太长了。故选D项。
5. A细节理解题。根据第二段“He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marked t yung peple. (他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，让年轻人看到)”可知，David Bnd通过拍一个纪录片宣传他的想法。故选A项。
6. A 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth f the Wrld Netwrk (世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与“recrds”意思一致。故选A项。
7. C主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature. (他把自己的旅行记录下来，开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是Prject Wild Thing，一部记录了Wrld Netwrk (世界网络)诞生的电影，Wrld Netwrk (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可推知，本文主要讲述了电影制作人David Bnd为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。由此可知，C项Market Nature t Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。故选C项。
15.2021年1月浙江卷之C篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning f gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use t cmmunicate. They say wild chimps cmmunicate 19 specific messages t ne anther with a "vcabulary" f 66 gestures. The scientists discvered this by fllwing and filming grups f chimps in Uganda, and examining mre than 5,000 incidents f these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hbaiter, wh led the research, said that this was the nly frm f intentinal cmmunicatin t be recrded in the animal kingdm. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system f cmmunicatin where they deliberately sent a message t anther grup member.
"That's what's s amazing abut chimp gestures," she said. "They're the nly thing that lks like human language in that respect. ”
Althugh previus research has shwn that apes and mnkeys can understand cmplex infrmatin frm anther animal's call, the animals d nt appear t use their vices intentinally t cmmunicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hbaiter said.
Chimps will check t see if they have the attentin f the animal with which they wish t cmmunicate. In ne case, a mther presents her ft t her crying baby, signaling:" Climb n me. " The yungster immediately jumps n t its mthers back and they travel ff tgether. "The big message frm this study is that there is anther species (物种) ut there. that is meaningful in its cmmunicatin, s that's nt unique t humans," said Dr Hbaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evlutinary bilgist frm the University f Manchester, said the study was praisewrthy in seeking t enrich ur knwledge f the evlutin f human language. But, she added, the results were "a little disappinting".
"The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins," she said. "Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animal cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains. "
44．What d chimps and humans have in cmmn accrding t Dr Hbaiter?
A．Memrizing specific wrds.B．Understanding cmplex infrmatin.
C．Using vices t cmmunicate.D．Cmmunicating messages n purpse.
45．What did Dr Shultz think f the study?
A．It was well designed but prly cnducted.
B．It was a gd try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methds deserved praise.
46．What des the underlined wrd "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference.B．Cnflict.C．Balance.D．Cnnectin.
47．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviur study achieved a breakthrugh
B．Chimpanzees develped specific cmmunicatin skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdm
D．Chimpanzee language: cmmunicatin gestures translated
【答案】44．D45．B46．A47．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义。
44．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system f cmmunicatin where they deliberately sent a message t anther grup member.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故意向其他成员发送信息）”可知，根据Dr Hbaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故选D。
45．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Dr Susanne Shultz, an evlutinary bilgist frm the University f Manchester, said the study was praisewrthy in seeking t enrich ur knwledge f the evlutin f human language. But, she added, the results were“a little disappinting”（曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点令人失望”）”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。
46．词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the nly thing that lks like human language in that respect.（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatins.（此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息）”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“S, it seems the gulf remains.（所以，看来差异依然存在）”，故gulf的意思是difference，故选A。
47．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning f gestures that wild chimpanzees use t cmmunicate.（研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义）”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以D项：黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。
16.2020年全国II卷之D篇
I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld .It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
I always read ,using different vices ,as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it !It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks .
Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
32. Which wrd best describes the authr’s relatinship with bks as a child?
A. Cperative.B. Uneasy.C. Inseparable.D. Casual.
33. What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Pleasure frm wrking in the library.
B. Jy f reading passed n in the family.
C. Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.
D. A clser bnd develped with the readers.
34. What des the authr call n ther writers t d?
A. Spnsr bk fairs.B. Write fr scial media.
C. Supprt libraries.D. Purchase her nvels.
35. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Reading: A Surce f Knwledge
B. My Idea abut writing
C. Library: A Haven fr the Yung
D. My Lve f the Library
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
32. C推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties. I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
33. B词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew lder and became a mther可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and bks were ur main surce (来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
34. C细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
35. D主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。
17.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之D篇
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse，even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. ＂We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants grw(发光)in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light，abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by，is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn tree int self-pwered street lamps.
in the future，the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff＂switch＂where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源)-such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输).
Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D. Benefits frm green plants.
33. What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. T detect plants’ lack f water
B. T change cmpsitins f plants
C. T make the life f plants lnger.
D. T test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy prductin.
B. They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C. They might help reduce energy cnsumptin.
D. They culd take the place f pwer plants.
35. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants?
B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps?
D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?
【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
32.主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example ,discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensrs printed n their leaves t shw when they're shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。
34.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。
35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accunts fr abut 7%f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce-such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin. Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
18.2020年新课标ⅠI卷之D篇
I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld .It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
I always read ,using different vices ,as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it !It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks .
Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
32. Which wrd best describes the authr’s relatinship with bks as a child?
A. Cperative.B. Uneasy.C. Inseparable.D. Casual.
33. What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Pleasure frm wrking in the library.
B. Jy f reading passed n in the family.
C. Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.
D. A clser bnd develped with the readers.
34. What des the authr call n ther writers t d?
A. Spnsr bk fairs.B. Write fr scial media.
C. Supprt libraries.D. Purchase her nvels.
35. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Reading: A Surce f Knwledge
B. My Idea abut writing
C. Library: A Haven fr the Yung
D. My Lve f the Library
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties. I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
33.词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew lder and became a mther可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and bks were ur main surce (来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
34.细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可推断，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
35.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。
19.2020年新课标ⅠII卷之D篇
We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes (基因), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin - nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats; in recent times, they’ve als built huses n stilts (支柱) in castal waters. “They are simply a stranger t the land,” said Redney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish. “We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders,” Dr. Jubilad said. “I culd see them actually walking under the sea.”
In201, Melissa Ilard, then a graduate student in genetics at the University f Cpenhagen, heard abut the Bajau. She wndered if centuries f diving culd have led t the evlutin f physical characteristics that made the task easier fr them. “it seemed like the perfect chance fr natural selectin t act n a ppulatin,” said Dr. Ilard. She als said there were likely a number f ther genes that help the Bajau dive.
32. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Envirnmental adaptatin f cattle raisers.B. New knwledge f human evlutin.
C. Recent findings f human rigin.D. Significance f fd selectin.
33. Where d the Bajau build their huses?
A. In valleys.B. Near rivers.C. On the beach.D. Off the cast.
34. Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?
A. They culd walk n stilts all day.B. They had a superb way f fishing.
C. They culd stay lng underwater.D. They lived n bth land and water.
35. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bdies Remdeled fr a Life at SeaB. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methds f Genetic ResearchD. The Wrld’s Best Divers
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段的we are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes, they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New knwledge f human evlutin.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段的The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally live n husebats; in recent times, they've als built huses n stilts in castal waters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D. Off the cast.(沿海)符合以上说法，故选D项。
34.细节理解题。根据第三段的we were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilad感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They culd stay lng underwater. (他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。
35.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptin-nt t air r t fd, but t the cean.(周四，在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A. Bdies Remdeled fr a Life at Sea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选A项。
20.2020年6月浙江卷之C篇
Challenging wrk that requires lts f analytical thinking, planning and ther managerial skills might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age, a study published Wednesday in the jurnal Neurlgy suggests.
Researchers frm the University f Leipzig in Germany gathered mre than 1, 000 retired wrkers wh were ver age 75 and assessed the vlunteers’ memry and thinking skills thrugh a battery f tests. Then, fr eight years, the scientists asked the same grup t cme back t the lab every 18 mnths t take the same srts f tests.
Thse wh had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jbs befre retirement tended t d the best n the tests. And they tended t lse cgnitive(认知) functin at a much slwer rate than thse with the least mentally challenging jbs. The results held true even after the scientists accunted fr the participants’ verall health status.
“This wrks just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, wh led the study. “After a lng run, yu may feel like yu’re in pain, yu may feel tired. But it makes yu fit. After a lng day at wrk-sure, yu will feel tired, but it can help yur brain stay healthy. ”
It's nt just crprate jbs, r even paid wrk that can help keep yur brain fit, Then pints ut. A waiter’s jb, fr example, that requires multitasking, teamwrk and decisin-making culd be just as stimulating as any high-level ffice wrk. And “running a family husehld requires high-level planning and crdinating(协调), ” she says. “Yu have t rganize the activities f the children and take care f the bills and grceries. ”
Of curse, ur brains can decline as we grw lder fr lts f reasns-including ther envirnmental influences r genetic factrs. Still, cntinuing t challenge yurself mentally and keeping yur mind busy can nly help.
28. Why did the scientists ask the vlunteers t take the tests?
A. T assess their health status.B. T evaluate their wrk habits.
C. T analyze their persnality.D. T measure their mental ability.
29. Hw des Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A. By using an expert’s wrds.B. By making a cmparisn.
C. By referring t anther study.D. By intrducing a cncept.
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Retired Wrkers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old Peple Shuld Take Challenging Jbs
C. Yur Tugh Jb Might Help Keep Yu Sharp
D. Cgnitive Functin May Decline As Yu Age
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers frm the University f Leipzig in Germany gathered mre than 1,000 retired wrkers wh were ver age 75 and assessed the vlunteers’ memry and thinking skills thrugh a battery f tests.(来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，并通过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。)”可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的心智能力。故选D项。
29.推理判断题。根据第四段中Francisca Then说的话“This wrks just like physical exercise,( 这就像体育锻炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，Francisca Then是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较来解释他的发现的。故选B项。
30.主旨大意题。第一段“Challenging wrk that requires lts f analytical thinking, planning and ther managerial skills might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age(需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。)”是本文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷”适合作本文标题。故选C项。
21.2020年1月浙江卷之C篇
Tday's wrld is nt an easy adjustment fr yung adults. Key skill set fr success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers frm Brigham Yung University discvered that fathers are in a unique psitin t help their adlescent children learn persistence.
BYU prfessrs Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after fllwing 325 American families ver several years. And ver time，the persistence gained thrugh fathers led t higher achievement in schl.
"There are relatively few studies that stress the unique rle f fathers，"Padilla-Walker said. "This research als helps t prve that characteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key t a child's life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need t practice an "authritative" parenting style. Authritative parenting is nt authritarian:rigid，demanding r cntrlling. Rather，an authritative parenting style includes sme f the fllwing characteristics:children feel warmth and lve frm their father；respnsibility and the reasns behind rules are stressed children are given an apprpriate level f autnmy(自主权).
In the study，abut 52 percent f the dads exhibited abve-average levels f authritative parenting. A key finding is that ver time，children raised by an authritative father were significantly mre likely t develp persistence，which leads t better utcmes in schl.
This particular study examined 11 t 14-year-lds living in tw-parent hmes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a rle in teaching the benefits f persistence，which is an avenue f future research.
27. What is special abut the BYU prfessrs' study?
A. It centered n fathers' rle in parenting.
B. It was based n a number f large families.
C. It analyzed different kinds f parenting styles.
D. It aimed t imprve kids' achievement in schl.
28. What wuld an authritative father d when raising his children?
A. Ignre their demands.B. Make decisins fr them.
C. Cntrl their behavirs.D. Explain the rules t them.
29. Which grup can be a fcus f future studies accrding t the researchers?
A. Single parents.
B. Children aged frm 11 t 14.
C. Authritarian fathers.
D. Mthers in tw-parent hmes.
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Three Characteristics f Authritative Fathers.
B. Key Skills fr Yung Adults t Succeed in Future.
C. Children Tend t Learn Determinatin frm Father.
D. Family Relatinship Influences Schl Perfrmance.
【答案】27. A 28. D 29. A 30. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位。研究人员认为，父亲们需要采用一种“权威”的养育方式，且一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩。
27. A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Researchers frm Brigham Yung University discvered that fathers are in a unique psitin t help their adlescent children learn persistence.（杨百翰大学的研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位）可知杨百翰大学研究的特别之处在于，它关注的是父亲在养育子女中的角色。故选A。
28. D推理判断题。根据第四段中Rather，an authritative parenting style includes sme f the fllwing characteristics: children feel warmth and lve frm their father；respnsibility and the reasns behind rules are stressed children are given an apprpriate level f autnmy.（相反，权威的养育方式包括以下一些特征:孩子们感受到来自父亲的温暖和爱；强调责任和规则背后的原因；孩子们被给予适当的自主权）可知一个有权威的父亲在抚养孩子时会向他们解释规则。故选D。
29. A细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a rle in teaching the benefits f persistence，which is an avenue f future research.（然而，研究人员认为，单亲父母仍然可能在教授坚持不懈的好处方面发挥作用，这是未来研究的一个方向）可知根据研究人员的说法，单亲父母是未来研究的重点。故选A。
30. C主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段中A key finding is that ver time，children raised by an authritative father were significantly mre likely t develp persistence，which leads t better utcmes in schl.（一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩）和文章主要内容为说明父亲在养育子女中的角色，故选C选项“孩子们倾向于向父亲学习决心”最符合文章标题。故选C。
22.D【2020·全国I】
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse，even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. ＂We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants grw(发光)in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light，abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by，is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn tree int self-pwered street lamps.
in the future，the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff＂switch＂where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源)-such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输).
Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.316
32．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．A new study f different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D．Benefits frm green plants.
【答案】32．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
32．主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example ,discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
23. B【2020·全国新课标III】
When "Rise f the Planet f the Apes" was first shwn t the public last mnth, a grup f excited animal activists gathered n Hllywd Bulevard. But they weren’t there t thrw red paint n fur-cat-wearing film stars. Instead, ne activist, dressed in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: "Thanks fr nt using real apes (猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used mtin-capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that I recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
Yet "Apes" is mre exceptin than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2,000 prductins this year. Already, a number f films, including "Water fr Elephants," "The Hangver Part Ⅱ" and "Zkeeper," have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.
In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the Sates.241
25. What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A. The cst f making "Apes."
B. The creatin f digitalized apes.
C. The publicity abut “Apes."
D. The perfrmance f real apes.
【答案】25.B
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
25.主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used mtin-capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that I recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
24.D【2022·新高考I卷】
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,“ said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
12. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
13. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
15. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.
B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C
【解析】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
12. D细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and "v", were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.（30多年前，学者Charles Hckett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D。
13. C细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard t prduce labidentals，which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure , making it easier t prduce such sunds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C。
14. A主旨大意题。根据文章第五段中的“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the s Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。
15. C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的““The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Mran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Mran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。
25.D【2022·全国甲卷】
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there — brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解决).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Sydney’s striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity f Sydney.
C. The key t Sydney’s develpment.D. Sydney’s turist attractins in the 1960s.
33. What can we learn abut Andrew Reynlds?
A. He ges t wrk by bat.B. He lks frward t a new life.
C. He pilts catamarans well.D. He is attached t the ld ferries.
34. What des Shirley Fitzgerald think f Sydney?
A. It is lsing its traditins.B. It shuld speed up its prgress.
C. It shuld expand its ppulatin.D. It is becming mre internatinal.
35. Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A. A city can be yung and ld at the same time.
B. A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.
C. mdernity is usually achieved at the cst f elegance.
D. Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者和悉尼人士的交流反映了悉尼发展中面临的问题——发展为一个传统文化城市还是现代化城市。
32. C主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. 20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口 ”以及“But it is the harbr that makes the city. 正是港口造就了这个城市”可知，本段的大意是悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。
33. D细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilt Sydney ferrybats fr a living. 30多岁的Andrew Reynlds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生”、第三段中的“I’ll miss these ld bats. 我会想念这些旧船的”以及第五段中的“Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. 双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣”可知，Andrew Reynlds喜欢老式渡船。故选D。
34. A推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段中的Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. 悉尼的官方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑，可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼正在失去它的传统。故选A。
35. A推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. (另一方面，同时既年轻又古老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻商人Anthny时，我考虑到了这一点)以及最后一段He is right，可推知，作者赞同Anthny的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A。
26.2021年全国乙卷之B篇
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座机）?
These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）.
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
24. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
A. Their target users.B. Their wide ppularity.
C. Their majr functins.D. Their cmplex design.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit.B. Argue.
C. Remember.D. Remark.
26. What can we say abut Baby Bmers?
A. They like smartphne games.B. They enjy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phnes.D. They are attached t their family.
27. What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall ut f use sme day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as imprtant as the gas light.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。
24.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days yu'd be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn't wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。
25.词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of thse Australians wh still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“cncede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
26.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent f Baby Bmers wh've perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。
27.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。
27.2021年6月浙江卷之C篇
If yu ever get the impressin that yur dg can "tell" whether yu lk cntent r annyed, yu may be nt smething. Dgs may indeed be able t distinguish between happy and angry human faces, accrding t a new study
Researchers trained a grup f 11 dgs t distinguish between images(图像)f the same persn making either a happy r an angry face. During the training stage, each dg was shwn nly the upper half r the lwer half f the persn's face. The researchers then tested the dgs' ability t distinguish between human facial expressins by shwing them the ther half f the persn's face n images ttally different frm the nes used in training. The researchers fund that the dgs were able t pick the angry r happy face by tuching a picture f it with their nses mre ften than ne wuld expect by randm chance.
The study shwed the animals had figured ut hw t apply what they learned abut human faces during training t new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule ut that the dgs simply distinguish between the pictures based n a simple cue, such as the sight f teeth," said study authr Crsin Muller. "Instead, ur results suggest that the successful dgs realized that a smiling muth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies t an angry muth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With ur study, we think we can nw cnfidently cnclude that at least sme dgs can distinguish human facial expressins," Muller tld Live Science.
At this pint, it is nt clear why dgs seem t be equipped with the ability t recgnize different facial expressins in humans. "T us, the mst likely explanatin appears t be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lt f expsure t human facial expressins," and this expsure has prvided them with many chances t learn t distinguish between them, Muller said.
8. The new study fcused n whether dgs can_________.
A. distinguish shapesB. make sense f human faces
C. feel happy r angryD. cmmunicate with each ther
9. What can we learn abut the study frm paragraph 2?
A. Researchers tested the dgs in randm rder.
B. Diverse methds were adpted during training.
C. Pictures used in the tw stages were different
D. The dgs were phtgraphed befre the lest.
10. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. A suggestin fr future studies.B. A pssible reasn fr the study findings.
C. A majr limitatin f the studyD. An explanatin f the research methd.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究证明狗能够识别人类面部表情，但目前还不清楚它们为什么有这种能力，可能的原因是它们长时间与人类共同生活。
8.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researchers trained a grup f 11 dgs t distinguish between images f the same persn making either a happy r an angry face.(研究人员训练了11只狗来区分同一个人脸上的表情是高兴还是愤怒)”可知，该新研究的关注点是狗是否能够区分人的面部表情。故选B。
9.细节理解题。根据第二段的“During the training stage, each dg was shwn nly the upper half r the lwer half f the persn’s face. The researchers then tested the dgs’ ability t distinguish between human facial expressins by shwing them the ther half f the persn’s face r images ttally different frm the nes used in training.(在训练阶段，每只狗只看到人脸的上半部分或下半部分。研究人员随后测试了狗辨别人类面部表情的能力，向狗展示了人的另一半面部或与训练中使用的完全不同的图像)”可知，在训练和测试阶段，狗看的照片是不一样的。故选C。
10.主旨大意题。根据最后一段的““T us, the mst likely explanatin appears t be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lt f expsure t human facial expressins, and this expsure has prvided them with many chances t learn t distinguish between them” Muller said.(Muller说：“对我们来说，最可能的解释似乎是，基于他们与人类生活在一起，这让他们有很多机会接触人类的面部表情，而这种接触为他们提供了很多机会，让他们学会区分他们。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了狗能够辨别人类面部表情的可能原因。故选B。
28.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之D篇
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse，even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. ＂We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants grw(发光)in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light，abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by，is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn tree int self-pwered street lamps.
in the future，the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff＂switch＂where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源)-such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输).
Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D. Benefits frm green plants.
33. What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. T detect plants’ lack f water
B. T change cmpsitins f plants
C. T make the life f plants lnger.
D. T test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy prductin.
B. They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C. They might help reduce energy cnsumptin.
D. They culd take the place f pwer plants.
35. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants?
B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps?
D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?
【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
32.主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example ,discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensrs printed n their leaves t shw when they're shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。
34.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。
35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accunts fr abut 7%f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce-such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin. Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。