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专题03 阅读理解之推理判断题（课件）-2024年高考英语二轮复习课件（新教材新高考）
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这是一份专题03 阅读理解之推理判断题（课件）-2024年高考英语二轮复习课件（新教材新高考），共60页。PPT课件主要包含了中考英语二轮复习策略，PART ONE，考情分析，5预测文章走势，知识构建，真题研析·规律探寻，核心提炼·考向探究，题型特训·命题预测等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1、抓基础、重应用、强化词句的积累和运用。要求学生重视并充分利用每单元学案、课本上的重点词汇、短语和句型，以及每单元的综合训练，认真对其辨析、总结和归纳，查漏补缺，坚持积累，最重要的是能够在合适的语境中正确、灵活地运用。保证课堂高效。2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。同时，重视复习效果，做到做一件事，有一点收获。
专题03 阅读理解之推理判断
分析2021-2023年新高考有关推理判断题的考向分布。
考向1 考查引申推断题 1.（2023年1月•浙江卷·阅读理解B篇节选）Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. I had my wn bedrm, s I wrked n remving things I didn’t need. Since I had my wn tiletries (洗漱用品), I was able t start persnalising my rutine t be mre sustainable. I als ffered t ck every s ften, s I prtined ut a bit f the cupbard fr my wn zer waste grceries. Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire. 26．What can we infer abut the authr?A．She is quite gd at cking.B．She respects thers’ privacy.C．She enjys being a husewife.D．She is a determined persn.
【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. (然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire.(也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变)”可推知，作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D。
2.(2023•全国甲卷·阅读理解D篇节选) Obviusly, if precautins(预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme,smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,” says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula.( )35.What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?A. Fd shuld be prvided fr grizzlies.B. Peple can live in harmny with grizzlies.C.A special path shuld be built fr grizzlies.D. Technlgy can be intrduced t prtect grizzlies.
【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容,尤其是James Jnkel的话“Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits…” 可知,通过预防措施,灰熊就不会学到坏习惯,人们就可以与灰熊和谐共处。故选B。
考向2 考查目的和意图1.（2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B）When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fibreglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des.“Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says.“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.” ( )26.What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?A. T review Jhn’s research plans.B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.C. T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.D. T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱观察自然且爱思考,他利用自然可以自我修复的原理建造了生态机器等设备来净化污水。【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.”可知,多年来,约翰做了许多重要的工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施,可以处理南伯灵顿1600个家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。由此可知,作者提及福州的目的是展示约翰的想法的应用。
2.（2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C篇） Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time. In this “bk f bks”, artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks—transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures. Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
( )31.What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader?A. The printed bk is nt ttally ut f date.B. Technlgy has changed the way we read.C. Our lives in the 21st century are netwrked.D. Peple nw rarely have the patience t read.【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader.”(过去曾经认为持续发展的通讯技术将使印刷页面过时。从21世纪的角度来看,印刷书籍确实是古老的,但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性。)可推知,作者提到电子阅读器是为了说明印刷的书并没有完全过时。故选A项。
考向3 考查文章出处1.（2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C篇） Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time. In this “bk f bks”, artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks—transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined.
And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.( )28.Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?A. An intrductin t a bk.B. An essay n the art f writing.C.A guidebk t a museum.D.A review f mdern paintings.【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld.”(《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一种日常物品——书籍的颂扬,在这本书中,书籍被来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品展示。)及下文内容可知,本文主要是对于《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书的介绍。由此可推知,本文可能取自对一本书的介绍。故选A项。
2.（2023•全国乙卷·阅读理解D篇） If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things. Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield(盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
( )35.Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the Wrld.B. A Shrt Histry f Australia.C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100 Objects.D. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries.【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that…”和最后一段中“The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made…”可知,本书包括了很多能够反映历史的物品。由此可推知,本文最有可能出自《100件文物中的世界史》这本书。故选C项。
考向4 考查写作态度（2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇）In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.”Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
( )35.What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.”可知,虽然纳瓦哈斯领导的研究有局限性,仍然存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此推知,作者对纳瓦哈斯的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。
考向5 考查预测文章走势（2023•全国乙卷·阅读理解C篇）What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients(配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK's bsessin(痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
( )31.What might the authr cntinue talking abut?A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.C. Table manners in the UK.D. Studies f big eaters.【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章尾句“With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it?s n lnger ‘uncl’ fr bys t like cking.”可知,随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上,男孩喜欢烹饪已经不再是“不酷”的事了。由此可推知,接下来作者可能会接着讨论电视节目上的男厨师们。故选B项。
考向6 考查写作手法 （2012•全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解D篇） Grwn-ups are ften surprised by hw well they remember smething they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man wh has nt had a chance t g swimming fr years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get n a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his sn. A mther wh has nt thught abut the wrds fr years can teach her daughter the pem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" r remember the stry f Cinderella r Gldilcks and the Three Bears. One explanatin is the law f verlearning, which can be stated as fllws: Once we have learned smething, additinal learning trials(尝试) increase the length f time we will remember it.
In childhd we usually cntinue t practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball lng after we have learned them. We cntinue t listen t and remind urselves f wrds such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhd tales such as Cinderella and Gldilcks. We nt nly learn but verlearn. The multiplicatin tables(乘法口诀表) are an exceptin t the general rule that we frget rather quickly the things that we learn in schl, because they are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd. The law f verlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)fr an examinatin, thugh it may result in a passing grade, is nt a satisfactry way t learn a cllege curse. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enugh t get by n the examinatin, but he is likely sn t frget almst everything he learned. A little verlearning, n the ther hand, is really necessary fr ne's future develpment.
68.The authr explains the law f ver learning by_________.A. presenting research findingsB. setting dwn general rulesC. making a cmparisnD. using examples 【答案】D【解析】根据文章的内容可知：作者采用了举例子的说明方法。比如：practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball lng after we have learned them和The multiplicatin tables(乘法口诀表) are an exceptin t the general rule that we frget rather quickly the things that we learn in schl, because they are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd.
考向7 考查描述人物或事件特征（2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B）Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgramme at fur lw-incme schls. The prgramme aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.Jaramill’s students live in neighburhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls. Prgramme evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes.“We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says. She adds that the prgramme’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
( )26.Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgramme?A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.C. Shrt-lived.D. Unidentifiable.【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…the prgramme’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students…”可知,该项目的好处不仅限于营养。一些学生对园艺工作非常感兴趣,他们会把种子带回家,开始种自己的菜园。此外,在花园工作似乎对Jaramill的接受特殊教育的学生有镇静作用。由此可推知,这个项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。
【描写人物事物特征的形容词】generus慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的; 苛求的; 费力的; 要求极严的; 难满足的；impatient不耐烦的； utging外向的；easy-ging随和的；rganized有条理的；mdest谦虚的；ptimistic乐观的；cautius小心，谨慎的；caring乐于助人的; 关心他人的; 体贴人的； skillful熟练的; 灵巧的; 擅长于 (at; in); 制作精巧的；respnsible负责任的； determined有决心的；mdest谦虚的；creative有创造力的；ambitius有雄心的；adventurus冒险的；cperative 有合作意识的；hnest诚实的；capable adj. 有能力的,有才能的；cnfident adj.自信的；diligent adj.勤奋的；vluntary adj.自愿的,主动的；energetic adj. 精力旺盛的；humrus adj.幽默的；enthusiastic adj.热情的；experienced adj.有经验的；intelligent聪明的; 智能的; 有才智的; 悟性强的; 有智力的; grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；talkative健谈的；athletic运动型; 体育运动的; 健壮的；patient有耐心的；innvative创新的；tlerant忍受的；psitive 积极的；cmmitted坚信的; 尽心尽力的; 坚定的；cnsiderate 体贴的；ashamed惭愧的; regretful后悔的；disappinted失望的；amazed吃惊的；satisfied满意的；disappinted失望的；shcked震惊的；verjyed过度高兴的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；srrwful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；hardwrking勤劳的；embarrassed尴尬的；prud自豪的； curageus勇敢的; 无畏的；independent独立的；sensitive敏感的。
考向8 考查读者对象（湖南、江西、安徽等地）高三联考·阅读理解A）Write a ne-page reprt titled “The Best Bk I Read This Year” and enter it in the Bys’ Life 2020 “Say Yes t Reading!” cntest.The bk can be fictin r nnfictin. But the reprt has t be in yur wn wrds — 500wrds tps. Enter in ne f these three age categries:8 years ld and yunger9 and 10 years ld11 years ld and lderFirst-place winners in each age categry will receive a $100 gift card frm Amazn.cm. Secnd-place winners will receive a $75 gift card; third-place winners, a $50 gift card.
Everyne wh enters will get a free patch like the ne n this page. The patch is a temprary sign, s it can be wrn n the right pcket f the Scut unifrm shirt. Prudly display it there r n anther item such as a vest, plaque r trphy! In cming years, yu’ll have the pprtunity t earn ther patches.The cntest is pen t all Bys’ Life readers. Be sure t include yur name, address, age and grade in schl n the entry.Send yur reprt, alng with a business-size, self-addressed, stamped envelpe, t:Bys’ Life Reading CntestS306P.O. Bx 152079Irving, TX 75015-2079
Entries must be pstmarked by Dec. 31, 2020 and must include entry infrmatin and a self-addressed, stamped envelpe.Wh are the cntest intended fr?A．All schl students.B．Only teenagers.C．By’s Life readers.D．By students.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“The cntest is pen t all Bys’ Life readers(比赛面向所有《男孩生活》的读者开放)”可知，该比赛面向所有《男孩生活》读者。故选C。
考向9 考查文章结构（北京卷·阅读理解）Wilderness“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservatin f the wrld.” This is a famus saying frm a writer regarded as ne f the fathers f envirnmentalism. The frequency with which it is brrwed mirrrs a heated debate n envirnmental prtectin: whether t place wilderness at the heart f what is t be preserved.
As Jhn Sauven f Greenpeace UK pints ut, there is a strng appeal in images f the wild, the untuched; mre than anything else, they speak f the nature that many peple value mst dearly. The urge t leave the subject f such images untuched is strng, and the danger explitatin(开发) brings t such landscapes(景观) is real. Sme f these wildernesses als perfrm functins that humans need—the rainfrests, fr example, stre carbn in vast quantities. T Mr.Sauven, these ”ecsystem services” far utweigh the gains frm explitatin.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellw at the Hudsn Institute, takes the ppsing view. He acknwledges that wildernesses d prvide useful services, such as water cnservatin. But that is nt, he argues, a reasn t avid all human presence, r indeed cmmercial and industrial explitatin. There are ever mre peple n the Earth, and they reasnably and rightfully want t have better lives, rather than merely struggle fr survival. While the ways f using resurces have imprved, there is still a grwing need fr raw materials, and sme wildernesses cntain them in abundance. If they can be tapped withut reducing the services thse wildernesses prvide, the argument ges, there is n further reasn nt t d s. Being untuched is nt, in itself, a characteristic wrth valuing abve all thers.
I lk frwards t seeing these views taken further, and t their being challenged by the ther participants. One challenge that suggests itself t me is that bth cases need t take n the questin f spiritual value a little mre directly. And there is a practical questin as t whether wildernesses can be explited withut harm. This is a tpic that calls fr nt nly free expressin f feelings, but als the guidance f reasn. What psitin wilderness shuld enjy in the preservatin f the wrld bviusly deserves much mre serius thinking.Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the passage?
CP: Central Pint P: Pint Sp: Sub-pint(次要点) : Cnclusin【答案】D【解析】文章结构题。通读文章可知，作者就荒野保护的问题客观中立地阐述了对立双方的观点，文章第一段提出中心论点；第二、三两段分别阐述了两种不同的观点；第四段是作者自己的观点；最后一点是文章的结论。推出选D。
阅读理解之推理判断考点的必备知识：一、命题规律：1．命题规律：推理判断题考查考生推理和判断的能力，以及深层次的阅读理解能力。2．考查类型：主要考查推断隐含意义、推断观点态度、推断文章出处、推断目标读者、推断人物性格等。3．考查趋势：考题以考查引申推断为主，兼顾考查文章写作目的和意图，文章的写作方法，作者的写作态度，文章的出处，文章的写作对象，文章结构等。
二、 常用的解题方法1. 如何进行引申推断根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容进行引申推断得出推断结果。引申推断的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，推断出文章中事实的结论，得出新的判断；2.推理判断的结论不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基础上，通过逻辑推理得出的结论。（1）思维导图
（2）引申推断的设问方式1. What can be inferred abut the ．What can be inferred abut the last paragraph?3．What can we learn frm ．What can we infer abut frm the text?（3）错误选项的特点1. 似是而非：只是对原文信息简单重述，而不是依据文章提供事实依据推断出来的结论。2. 夸大事实：对文章的事实或证据进行夸大；有时，选项内容与原文一致无需推断。3. 推理过度：选项往往过于绝对化或片面化(以偏概全)，有时会出现nly, all等词语。4. 掺入常识：根据考生已有常识是正确的，但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论。
引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。1．定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。2．字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。3．深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。
2. 如何判断观点态度（1）思维导图
（2） 观点态度题的设问方式1.What is the authr’s attitude t 2. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude The authr’s attitude twards may best be described as .（3）解题方法：做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如pssible, impssible, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
褒义词有：supprtive(支持的)；psitive(积极的)；ptimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；irnic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappinted(失望的)等。中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；bjective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。
3. 如何判断写作目的和意图（1）思维导图
（2）目的意图题的设问方式What is the main purpse f the authr writing the text?The purpse f the text is t get mre peple t _______.The writer f the stry wants t tell us that________.The fact…is mentined by the authr t shw________.The authr writers the last paragraph in rder t ________.（3）解题技巧：写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。 一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。
（4.)如何判断文章出处题（1）思维导图
（2）文章出处的设问方式①Where is this text prbably taken frm?②In which sectin f a website can the text appear?（3）解题技巧“推断文章出处”类试题应从文章的内容或结构入手来判断其出处：旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。课件展示类文章(a class presentatin)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如Fr mre infrmatin, please click here.
新闻报道类文章(a news reprt)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容最重要。研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。图书评论类文章(a bk review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
5. 如何判断人物和事件的特征（1）思维导图
（2）人物和事件特征的设问方式1．Which f the fllwing best ．Accrding t the text, which wrds can best describe f the fllwing best describe accrding t Paragraph wuld the authr feel abut the utcme f the event?5.What did the authr think f （3）解题技巧把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。
6. 如何判断文章走势（1）思维导图
（2）文章走势的设问方式1. What will be discussed further in the cming paragraph?2．What may the researchers d next accrding t the last paragraph?3．What wuld the authr mst prbably discuss next?4．Where des the article g next?5.What wuld the fllwing paragraph talk abut?（3）解题技巧对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。
【2024年高考命题预测】根据高考考情分析2024年高考将主要考查：（1）引申推断；（2）作者态度；（3）目的和意图。兼顾文章走势、文章出处、文章结构、写作手法等。占阅读理解的50%以上小题份额。预测考向1 考查引申推断1.（2024•河北省石家庄市部分名校高三上学期三调·阅读理解C节选） Speeches by imprtant fficial men and wmen were intrduced later, as mre emphasis was placed upn the ecnmic and civil significance f the hliday. Still later, by a reslutin f the American Federatin f Labr cnventin f 1909,the Sunday befre Labr Day was adpted as Labr Sunday and dedicated t (致力于) the spiritual and educatinal aspects f the labr mvement. American labr has raised the natin’s standard f living and cntributed t the greatest prductin the wrld has ever knwn and the labr mvement has brught us clser t the realizatin f ur traditinal ideals f ecnmic and plitical demcracy.
31．Which f the fllwing des the authr agree with?A．It is knwn that America develps very fast.B．The riginal meaning f Labr Day changesC．It is wrthwhile t set a day fr the labrerD．The labr mvement makes the life unsteady【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后两段中的“Speeches by imprtant fficial men and wmen were intrduced later, as mre emphasis was placed upn the ecnmic and civil significance f the hliday. …… American labr has raised the natin’s standard f living and cntributed t the greatest prductin the wrld has ever knwn and the labr mvement has brught us clser t the realizatin f ur traditinal ideals f ecnmic and plitical demcracy.(由于人们更加强调这个节日的经济和民间意义，后来又有重要的官员男女发表讲话。再后来，根据1909年美国劳工联合会会议的一项决议，劳动节之前的星期天被定为劳动星期日，并致力于劳工运动的精神和教育方面。美国劳工提高了国家的生活水平，为世界上最伟大的生产做出了贡献，工人运动使我们更接近实现我们传统的经济和政治民主理想。)”可知，最后两段讲述人们对劳动节的重视程度日益加深，劳动者在提高人们生活水平方面起到了重要作用，因此可以推断，作者在最后两段强调为劳动者建立节日是非常值得的。故C选项正确，其余选项并未提及。故选C。
2.（2024•河北省石家庄市部分名校高三上学期三调·阅读理解B节选）Fr the rest f ur visit t Thailand we stayed at the Nvtel in Rangsit. Since we were there fr a lng perid f time we became familiar with a few f the staff. They paid attentin t ur needs and did their best t ensure ur stay was a pleasant ne. They were als happy t stp and chat with us, asking questins abut ur stay, what we had dne that day, recmmending things fr us t d and sharing parts f their persnal lives with us. Again, it may be said that their friendliness was part f their jb but smehw, I did nt feel that was the case. It felt natural, pen and hnest and I wuld like t think that they enjyed ur cnversatins as much as we enjyed theirs.
25．What can we knw abut the authr frm paragraph 2?A．He tried t knw mre abut life in Thailand.B．He wanted t shw what life he lived t the staff.C．He was getting alng well with the staff in the htel.D．He liked t knw mre abut ther peple’s secrets.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They paid attentin t ur needs and did their best t ensure ur stay was a pleasant ne. ……It felt natural, pen and hnest and I wuld like t think that they enjyed ur cnversatins as much as we enjyed theirs.(他们注意到我们的需要，尽最大努力确保我们住得愉快。他们也很乐意停下来和我们聊天，问一些关于我们住宿的问题，我们那天都做了些什么，给我们推荐一些可以做的事情，和我们分享他们个人生活的一部分。再次，可以说他们的友好是他们工作的一部分，但不知何故，我不觉得情况是这样的。感觉很自然，开放和诚实，我想他们喜欢我们的谈话，就像我们喜欢他们的谈话一样。)”可知，作者与宾馆工作人员的交往看，作者与他们相处得非常好。故选C。
预测考向2 考查写作目的和意图1.（2024•河北省石家庄市部分名校高三上学期三调·阅读理解D节选）The cean is a huge bdy f saltwater that cvers abut 71 percent f Earth’s surface. An estimated 97 percent f the wrld’s water is fund in the cean. Because f this, the cean has cnsiderable impact n weather, temperature, and the fd supply f humans and ther rganisms. The cean remains a mystery. Mre than 80 percent f the cean has never been mapped, explred, r even seen by humans. A far greater percentage f the surfaces f the mn and the planet Mars has been mapped and studied than f ur wn cean flr.
32．Why des the authr mentin the mn and Mars?A．T indicate peple’s determinatin t knw space.B．T shw peple knw quite little abut the cean.C．T remind us that we need mre knwledge abut space.D．T tell space explratin is mre crucial than that f ceans.【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“The cean remains a mystery. Mre than 80 percent f the cean has never been mapped, explred, r even seen by humans. A far greater percentage f the surfaces f the mn and the planet Mars has been mapped and studied than f ur wn cean flr. (海洋仍然是个谜。超过80%的海洋从未被绘制、探索过，甚至从未被人类看到过。月球和火星表面被绘制和研究的比例远远大于我们自己的海底。)”可知，作者提到月球和火星是为了说明人们对海洋的认识太少。故选B。
2.（2024•河北省石家庄市部分名校高三上学期三调·阅读理解B节选）We travelled in Thailand. The staff at the htels we stayed in went ut f their way t make us feel welcme. Yu may say that they were just ding their jbs, but this is nt hw it felt t us. At the iuDia Htel in Ayutthaya the staff went abve and beynd what we wuld have expected. The dining rm was nt pen in the evening and when we asked where we culd get a takeaway meal the frnt desk girl walked us t the nearby restaurant. She explained that the htel staff wuld prvide us with plates and dishes nce we returned. Nt nly did they prvide what we needed, but they als put ur fd in servicing bwls and tk care f the clean-up while we slept. We were grateful and deeply tuched by their kindness and care.
24．Why des the authr give the dining rm as an example?A．T tell us when the usual dinner starts in Thailand.B．T explain hw cnsiderate the staff in the htel are.C．T tell us where t eat when the dining rm is clsed.D．T shw it is hard t get a takeaway meal in Thailand.【答案】B【解析】目的和意图题。 从第一段 “We travelled in Thailand. The staff at the htels we stayed in went ut f their way t make us feel welcme. Yu may say that they were just ding their jbs, but this is nt hw it felt t us.”以及第一段“She explained that the htel staff wuld prvide us with plates and dishes nce we returned. Nt nly did they prvide what we needed, but they als put ur fd in servicing bwls and tk care f the clean-up while we slept. We were grateful and deeply tuched by their kindness and care可知，作者以宾馆餐厅晚上不开门，而工作人员带他们去买外卖食物为例是为了说明工作人员的体贴入微。故选B。
预测考向3 考查对事件和人物的描述1.（2024•河北省石家庄市部分名校高三上学期三调·阅读理解B节选）We travelled in Thailand. The staff at the htels we stayed in went ut f their way t make us feel welcme. Yu may say that they were just ding their jbs, but this is nt hw it felt t us. At the iuDia Htel in Ayutthaya the staff went abve and beynd what we wuld have expected. The dining rm was nt pen in the evening and when we asked where we culd get a takeaway meal the frnt desk girl walked us t the nearby restaurant. She explained that the htel staff wuld prvide us with plates and dishes nce we returned. Nt nly did they prvide what we needed, but they als put ur fd in servicing bwls and tk care f the clean-up while we slept. We were grateful and deeply tuched by their kindness and care.
27．Which can best describe the authr’s experience in Thailand?A．Exciting.B．Dangerus.C．Disappinting.D．Pleasant.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “We travelled in Thailand. The staff at the htels we stayed in went ut f their way t make us feel welcme. Yu may say that they were just ding their jbs, but this is nt hw it felt t us.(我们去泰国旅游了。我们住过的酒店的工作人员想尽办法让我们感到受欢迎。你可能会说他们只是在做他们的工作，但这不是我们的感觉)”以及全文可知，作者在宾馆与工作人员相处的情况以及当地人免费赠给他们水来看，作者在泰国的经历是令人愉快的。故选D。
2.（2024•江西省景德镇市高三上学期第一次质量检测·阅读理解B节选）I went inside, grabbing my raincat and heading t the barn t secure the animals. The cws were nervus, sensing the appraching strm. I quickly tied them up and ran back t the huse, just as the rain started t pur dwn. The wind was hwling and the rain was punding against the windws. Lightning and thunder fllwed, making the atmsphere even mre electric. I sat by the windw, watching the raging strm and praying that everything wuld be kay.
5．Hw did the authr feel after the strm passed?A．AngryB．RelievedC．ScaredD．Sad【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Our vegetable garden was flded, but ther than that, everything seemed t be fine. I breathed a sigh f relief as I realized that n serius damage had been dne.(我们的菜园被水淹了，但除此之外，一切似乎都很好。当我意识到没有造成严重损害时，我松了一口气)”可知，暴风雨过去后，作者感到如释重负。故选B。
预测考向4 考查写作方法1.（2024•吉林省吉林市高三上学期一模·阅读理解B节选）Abut half f all lifetime mental illness begins by age 14 and 75% befre age 25, accrding t researchers. Yet access t mental health care in the U.S. is lacking. Accrding t the Natinal Alliance n Mental Illness, sme 30 millin adults and children with mental health cnditins g withut treatment, and 129 millin peple live in areas with shrtages f mental health prfessinals.25．Hw des the authr prve the lack f mental health care in the US?A．By giving examples.B．By listing data.C．By shwing cmparisn.D．By analyzing cause and effect.
【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Abut half f all lifetime mental illness begins by age 14 and 75% befre age 25, accrding t researchers. Yet access t mental health care in the U.S. is lacking. Accrding t the Natinal Alliance n Mental Illness, sme 30 millin adults and children with mental health cnditins g withut treatment, and 129 millin peple live in areas with shrtages f mental health prfessinals.(研究人员表示，约一半的终生心理疾病在14岁前开始，75%在25岁前开始。然而，在美国，获得心理健康治疗的途径很少。根据国家精神疾病联盟的数据，大约有3000万成年人和儿童患有心理健康问题但没有接受治疗，还有1.29亿人生活在心理健康专业人员短缺的地区)”可知，作者通过列出数据证明美国缺乏精神卫生保健。故选B。
2.（2024•江西省景德镇市高三上学期第一次质量检测·阅读理解B节选）It was a typical summer day in my small twn, with the sun shining and the sky clear. I was sitting n my prch, enjying the peaceful view f the rlling hills and the calm lake, when suddenly a strng wind blew in frm the west. The peaceful sky turned dark as a strm apprached.I went inside, grabbing my raincat and heading t the barn t secure the animals. The cws were nervus, sensing the appraching strm. I quickly tied them up and ran back t the huse, just as the rain started t pur dwn. The wind was hwling and the rain was punding against the windws. Lightning and thunder fllwed, making the atmsphere even mre electric. I sat by the windw, watching the raging strm and praying that everything wuld be kay.
After what seemed like hurs, but was nly a few minutes, the strm passed. The cluds mved away, revealing a bright and sunny sky. I walked utside, taking in the fresh air and surveying the damage. The trees were bent ver and sme branches had been blwn ff. Our vegetable garden was flded, but ther than that, everything seemed t be fine. I breathed a sigh f relief as I realized that n serius damage had been dne.That evening, as I sat by the fireplace with a cup f ht cffee, I reflected n the experience. It reminded me that nature can be bth pwerful and unpredictable, but that we must persevere and adapt t whatever it thrws at us. The next mrning, as I watched the sun rise ver the nw-calm landscape, I felt a sense f pride knwing that my family and I had weathered the strm tgether.
6．Hw is the passage rganized?A．Prblem and slutinB．Cause and effectC．in rder timeD．by Cmparisn【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“That evening, as I sat by the fireplace with a cup f ht cffee(那天晚上，我端着一杯热咖啡坐在壁炉旁)”以及文章第三段“After what seemed like hurs, but was nly a few minutes, the strm passed. (似乎过了几个小时，但实际上只有几分钟，暴风雨过去了)”和第四段“That evening, as I sat by the fireplace with a cup f ht cffee, I reflected n the experience. (那天晚上，我坐在壁炉旁，端着一杯热咖啡，回想起这段经历。)”可知，文章以时间顺序来组织的。故选C。
预测考向5 考查文章出处（2024•江西省景德镇市高三上学期第一次质量检测·阅读理解A）China nw has 53sites included n the UNESCO Wrld Heritage List. Let's have a lk at fur f them, which may give yu sme advice n yur next travel plan.Huangshan MuntainHuangshan, knwn as “the lveliest muntain f China”, lies in the suth f Anhui Prvince in eastern China. The scenic area cvers 154 square kilmeters, and is famus fr its peaks, rcks, pines, cluds and springs. It als has a rich cultural heritage.
Lngmen GrttesThe Lngmen Grttes(石窟) lies in the suth f Luyang city, Henan Prvince. It includes the largest cllectin f Chinese art f the late Nrthern Wei and Tang dynasties, and shw the achievements f Chinese stne carving(雕刻).Gulangyu IslandLcated n the entry f the Jiulng River, the island was ccupied by at least a dzen cuntries, including Great Britain, France and Japan. With such a harmnius mixture f Western music and Eastern culture, Gulangyu is naturally referred t as the “island f music”. It is famus fr its utstanding musicians and musical instruments.
Ancient villages in suthern AnhuiLying in suthern Anhui, Xidi and Hngcun have a high histrical and artistic value in architecture. The villages shw the architectural features f the Huizhu-styled living huses in the perid f the Ming and Qing dynasties. Xidi and Hngcun were added nt the list n Nvember 30,2000.3．Where des the passage mst prbably cme frm?A．A travel guidebkB．A histry textbkC．A scientific fictinD．An entertainment magazine
【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“China nw has 53sites included n the UNESCO Wrld Heritage List. Let's have a lk at fur f them, which may give yu sme advice n yur next travel plan.(目前，中国有53处文化遗产被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。让我们来看看其中的四个，它们可能会给你的下一次旅行计划提供一些建议。)”可知，文章介绍了四个旅游景点，由此可推知，文章最有可能出自一本旅游指南。故选A。
（2024•江西省景德镇市高三上学期第一次质量检测·阅读理解B节选）The PAL-V Liberty is a tw-seater hybrid car and gyrplane, which means it has a three-wheeled chassis and a fldable rtr n tp. It can switch between driving mde and flying mde in abut 10 minutes, with the help f a semi-autmatic system. It has a tp speed f 160 km/h n the rad and 180 km/h in the air, and can fly up t 500 km n a single tank f fuel. It uses regular gasline, and can be refueled at any gas statin.
The PAL-V Liberty is expected t be delivered t custmers in 2023, alter btaining the necessary certificatins frm aviatin authrities. The cmpany claims that the vehicle meets the existing regulatins f bth cars and aircrafts, and that it is safe and easy t perate. Hwever, the PAL-V Liberty is nt a cheap vehicle, nr is it accessible t everyne. It csts599,000 eurs (abut 4.7 millin yuan) fr the Pineer Editin, which includes flight training curses, pwer heating and persnalizatin ptins. There is als a cheaper Sprt Editin, which csts 299,000 eurs (abut 2.3 millin yuan), but it has less features and requires the buy er t pay an additinal 10,000 eurs(abut 78,000 yuan) fr flight training.
10．What's the authr’s attitude twards the PAL-V Liberty?A．favrableB．skepticalC．bjectiveD．indifference【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“It can switch between driving mde and flying mde in abut 10 minutes, with the help f a semi-autmatic system. It has a tp speed f 160 km/h n the rad and 180 km/h in the air, and can fly up t 500 km n a single tank f fuel. It uses regular gasline, and can be refueled at any gas statin.(在半自动系统的帮助下，它可以在大约10分钟内从驾驶模式切换到飞行模式。它在公路上的最高速度为160公里/小时，在空中的最高速度为180公里/小时，单箱燃料可以飞行500公里。它使用普通汽油，可以在任何加油站加油)”
以及第三段“Hwever, the PAL-V Liberty is nt a cheap vehicle, nr is it accessible t everyne. It csts599,000 eurs (abut 4.7 millin yuan) fr the Pineer Editin, which includes flight training curses, pwer heating and persnalizatin ptins. There is als a cheaper Sprt Editin, which csts 299,000 eurs (abut 2.3 millin yuan), but it has less features and requires the buy er t pay an additinal 10,000 eurs(abut 78,000 yuan) fr flight training.(然而，PAL-V自由不是一个便宜的车辆，也不是每个人都可以使用。先锋版售价为59.9万欧元(约合470万元人民币)，包括飞行训练课程、电力加热和个性化选项。还有一款更便宜的Sprt Editin，售价29.9万欧元(约合230万元人民币)，但功能较少，需要购买者额外支付1万欧元(约合7.8万元人民币)的飞行训练费用)”可知，作者只是客观的描述了PAL-V Liberty的有关数据，包括它的时速，以及价格，所以对PAL-V Liberty是客观的。故选C项。
1、抓基础、重应用、强化词句的积累和运用。要求学生重视并充分利用每单元学案、课本上的重点词汇、短语和句型，以及每单元的综合训练，认真对其辨析、总结和归纳，查漏补缺，坚持积累，最重要的是能够在合适的语境中正确、灵活地运用。保证课堂高效。2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。同时，重视复习效果，做到做一件事，有一点收获。
专题03 阅读理解之推理判断
分析2021-2023年新高考有关推理判断题的考向分布。
考向1 考查引申推断题 1.（2023年1月•浙江卷·阅读理解B篇节选）Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. I had my wn bedrm, s I wrked n remving things I didn’t need. Since I had my wn tiletries (洗漱用品), I was able t start persnalising my rutine t be mre sustainable. I als ffered t ck every s ften, s I prtined ut a bit f the cupbard fr my wn zer waste grceries. Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire. 26．What can we infer abut the authr?A．She is quite gd at cking.B．She respects thers’ privacy.C．She enjys being a husewife.D．She is a determined persn.
【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. (然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire.(也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变)”可推知，作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D。
2.(2023•全国甲卷·阅读理解D篇节选) Obviusly, if precautins(预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme,smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,” says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula.( )35.What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?A. Fd shuld be prvided fr grizzlies.B. Peple can live in harmny with grizzlies.C.A special path shuld be built fr grizzlies.D. Technlgy can be intrduced t prtect grizzlies.
【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容,尤其是James Jnkel的话“Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits…” 可知,通过预防措施,灰熊就不会学到坏习惯,人们就可以与灰熊和谐共处。故选B。
考向2 考查目的和意图1.（2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B）When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fibreglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des.“Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says.“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.” ( )26.What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?A. T review Jhn’s research plans.B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.C. T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.D. T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱观察自然且爱思考,他利用自然可以自我修复的原理建造了生态机器等设备来净化污水。【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.”可知,多年来,约翰做了许多重要的工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施,可以处理南伯灵顿1600个家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。由此可知,作者提及福州的目的是展示约翰的想法的应用。
2.（2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C篇） Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time. In this “bk f bks”, artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks—transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures. Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
( )31.What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader?A. The printed bk is nt ttally ut f date.B. Technlgy has changed the way we read.C. Our lives in the 21st century are netwrked.D. Peple nw rarely have the patience t read.【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader.”(过去曾经认为持续发展的通讯技术将使印刷页面过时。从21世纪的角度来看,印刷书籍确实是古老的,但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性。)可推知,作者提到电子阅读器是为了说明印刷的书并没有完全过时。故选A项。
考向3 考查文章出处1.（2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C篇） Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time. In this “bk f bks”, artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks—transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined.
And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.( )28.Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?A. An intrductin t a bk.B. An essay n the art f writing.C.A guidebk t a museum.D.A review f mdern paintings.【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld.”(《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一种日常物品——书籍的颂扬,在这本书中,书籍被来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品展示。)及下文内容可知,本文主要是对于《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书的介绍。由此可推知,本文可能取自对一本书的介绍。故选A项。
2.（2023•全国乙卷·阅读理解D篇） If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things. Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield(盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
( )35.Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the Wrld.B. A Shrt Histry f Australia.C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100 Objects.D. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries.【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that…”和最后一段中“The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made…”可知,本书包括了很多能够反映历史的物品。由此可推知,本文最有可能出自《100件文物中的世界史》这本书。故选C项。
考向4 考查写作态度（2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇）In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.”Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
( )35.What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.”可知,虽然纳瓦哈斯领导的研究有局限性,仍然存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此推知,作者对纳瓦哈斯的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。
考向5 考查预测文章走势（2023•全国乙卷·阅读理解C篇）What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients(配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK's bsessin(痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
( )31.What might the authr cntinue talking abut?A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.C. Table manners in the UK.D. Studies f big eaters.【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章尾句“With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it?s n lnger ‘uncl’ fr bys t like cking.”可知,随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上,男孩喜欢烹饪已经不再是“不酷”的事了。由此可推知,接下来作者可能会接着讨论电视节目上的男厨师们。故选B项。
考向6 考查写作手法 （2012•全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解D篇） Grwn-ups are ften surprised by hw well they remember smething they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man wh has nt had a chance t g swimming fr years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get n a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his sn. A mther wh has nt thught abut the wrds fr years can teach her daughter the pem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" r remember the stry f Cinderella r Gldilcks and the Three Bears. One explanatin is the law f verlearning, which can be stated as fllws: Once we have learned smething, additinal learning trials(尝试) increase the length f time we will remember it.
In childhd we usually cntinue t practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball lng after we have learned them. We cntinue t listen t and remind urselves f wrds such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhd tales such as Cinderella and Gldilcks. We nt nly learn but verlearn. The multiplicatin tables(乘法口诀表) are an exceptin t the general rule that we frget rather quickly the things that we learn in schl, because they are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd. The law f verlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)fr an examinatin, thugh it may result in a passing grade, is nt a satisfactry way t learn a cllege curse. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enugh t get by n the examinatin, but he is likely sn t frget almst everything he learned. A little verlearning, n the ther hand, is really necessary fr ne's future develpment.
68.The authr explains the law f ver learning by_________.A. presenting research findingsB. setting dwn general rulesC. making a cmparisnD. using examples 【答案】D【解析】根据文章的内容可知：作者采用了举例子的说明方法。比如：practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball lng after we have learned them和The multiplicatin tables(乘法口诀表) are an exceptin t the general rule that we frget rather quickly the things that we learn in schl, because they are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd.
考向7 考查描述人物或事件特征（2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B）Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgramme at fur lw-incme schls. The prgramme aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.Jaramill’s students live in neighburhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls. Prgramme evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes.“We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says. She adds that the prgramme’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
( )26.Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgramme?A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.C. Shrt-lived.D. Unidentifiable.【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…the prgramme’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students…”可知,该项目的好处不仅限于营养。一些学生对园艺工作非常感兴趣,他们会把种子带回家,开始种自己的菜园。此外,在花园工作似乎对Jaramill的接受特殊教育的学生有镇静作用。由此可推知,这个项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。
【描写人物事物特征的形容词】generus慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的; 苛求的; 费力的; 要求极严的; 难满足的；impatient不耐烦的； utging外向的；easy-ging随和的；rganized有条理的；mdest谦虚的；ptimistic乐观的；cautius小心，谨慎的；caring乐于助人的; 关心他人的; 体贴人的； skillful熟练的; 灵巧的; 擅长于 (at; in); 制作精巧的；respnsible负责任的； determined有决心的；mdest谦虚的；creative有创造力的；ambitius有雄心的；adventurus冒险的；cperative 有合作意识的；hnest诚实的；capable adj. 有能力的,有才能的；cnfident adj.自信的；diligent adj.勤奋的；vluntary adj.自愿的,主动的；energetic adj. 精力旺盛的；humrus adj.幽默的；enthusiastic adj.热情的；experienced adj.有经验的；intelligent聪明的; 智能的; 有才智的; 悟性强的; 有智力的; grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；talkative健谈的；athletic运动型; 体育运动的; 健壮的；patient有耐心的；innvative创新的；tlerant忍受的；psitive 积极的；cmmitted坚信的; 尽心尽力的; 坚定的；cnsiderate 体贴的；ashamed惭愧的; regretful后悔的；disappinted失望的；amazed吃惊的；satisfied满意的；disappinted失望的；shcked震惊的；verjyed过度高兴的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；srrwful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；hardwrking勤劳的；embarrassed尴尬的；prud自豪的； curageus勇敢的; 无畏的；independent独立的；sensitive敏感的。
考向8 考查读者对象（湖南、江西、安徽等地）高三联考·阅读理解A）Write a ne-page reprt titled “The Best Bk I Read This Year” and enter it in the Bys’ Life 2020 “Say Yes t Reading!” cntest.The bk can be fictin r nnfictin. But the reprt has t be in yur wn wrds — 500wrds tps. Enter in ne f these three age categries:8 years ld and yunger9 and 10 years ld11 years ld and lderFirst-place winners in each age categry will receive a $100 gift card frm Amazn.cm. Secnd-place winners will receive a $75 gift card; third-place winners, a $50 gift card.
Everyne wh enters will get a free patch like the ne n this page. The patch is a temprary sign, s it can be wrn n the right pcket f the Scut unifrm shirt. Prudly display it there r n anther item such as a vest, plaque r trphy! In cming years, yu’ll have the pprtunity t earn ther patches.The cntest is pen t all Bys’ Life readers. Be sure t include yur name, address, age and grade in schl n the entry.Send yur reprt, alng with a business-size, self-addressed, stamped envelpe, t:Bys’ Life Reading CntestS306P.O. Bx 152079Irving, TX 75015-2079
Entries must be pstmarked by Dec. 31, 2020 and must include entry infrmatin and a self-addressed, stamped envelpe.Wh are the cntest intended fr?A．All schl students.B．Only teenagers.C．By’s Life readers.D．By students.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“The cntest is pen t all Bys’ Life readers(比赛面向所有《男孩生活》的读者开放)”可知，该比赛面向所有《男孩生活》读者。故选C。
考向9 考查文章结构（北京卷·阅读理解）Wilderness“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservatin f the wrld.” This is a famus saying frm a writer regarded as ne f the fathers f envirnmentalism. The frequency with which it is brrwed mirrrs a heated debate n envirnmental prtectin: whether t place wilderness at the heart f what is t be preserved.
As Jhn Sauven f Greenpeace UK pints ut, there is a strng appeal in images f the wild, the untuched; mre than anything else, they speak f the nature that many peple value mst dearly. The urge t leave the subject f such images untuched is strng, and the danger explitatin(开发) brings t such landscapes(景观) is real. Sme f these wildernesses als perfrm functins that humans need—the rainfrests, fr example, stre carbn in vast quantities. T Mr.Sauven, these ”ecsystem services” far utweigh the gains frm explitatin.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellw at the Hudsn Institute, takes the ppsing view. He acknwledges that wildernesses d prvide useful services, such as water cnservatin. But that is nt, he argues, a reasn t avid all human presence, r indeed cmmercial and industrial explitatin. There are ever mre peple n the Earth, and they reasnably and rightfully want t have better lives, rather than merely struggle fr survival. While the ways f using resurces have imprved, there is still a grwing need fr raw materials, and sme wildernesses cntain them in abundance. If they can be tapped withut reducing the services thse wildernesses prvide, the argument ges, there is n further reasn nt t d s. Being untuched is nt, in itself, a characteristic wrth valuing abve all thers.
I lk frwards t seeing these views taken further, and t their being challenged by the ther participants. One challenge that suggests itself t me is that bth cases need t take n the questin f spiritual value a little mre directly. And there is a practical questin as t whether wildernesses can be explited withut harm. This is a tpic that calls fr nt nly free expressin f feelings, but als the guidance f reasn. What psitin wilderness shuld enjy in the preservatin f the wrld bviusly deserves much mre serius thinking.Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the passage?
CP: Central Pint P: Pint Sp: Sub-pint(次要点) : Cnclusin【答案】D【解析】文章结构题。通读文章可知，作者就荒野保护的问题客观中立地阐述了对立双方的观点，文章第一段提出中心论点；第二、三两段分别阐述了两种不同的观点；第四段是作者自己的观点；最后一点是文章的结论。推出选D。
阅读理解之推理判断考点的必备知识：一、命题规律：1．命题规律：推理判断题考查考生推理和判断的能力，以及深层次的阅读理解能力。2．考查类型：主要考查推断隐含意义、推断观点态度、推断文章出处、推断目标读者、推断人物性格等。3．考查趋势：考题以考查引申推断为主，兼顾考查文章写作目的和意图，文章的写作方法，作者的写作态度，文章的出处，文章的写作对象，文章结构等。
二、 常用的解题方法1. 如何进行引申推断根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容进行引申推断得出推断结果。引申推断的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，推断出文章中事实的结论，得出新的判断；2.推理判断的结论不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基础上，通过逻辑推理得出的结论。（1）思维导图
（2）引申推断的设问方式1. What can be inferred abut the ．What can be inferred abut the last paragraph?3．What can we learn frm ．What can we infer abut frm the text?（3）错误选项的特点1. 似是而非：只是对原文信息简单重述，而不是依据文章提供事实依据推断出来的结论。2. 夸大事实：对文章的事实或证据进行夸大；有时，选项内容与原文一致无需推断。3. 推理过度：选项往往过于绝对化或片面化(以偏概全)，有时会出现nly, all等词语。4. 掺入常识：根据考生已有常识是正确的，但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论。
引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。1．定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。2．字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。3．深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。
2. 如何判断观点态度（1）思维导图
（2） 观点态度题的设问方式1.What is the authr’s attitude t 2. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude The authr’s attitude twards may best be described as .（3）解题方法：做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如pssible, impssible, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
褒义词有：supprtive(支持的)；psitive(积极的)；ptimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；irnic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappinted(失望的)等。中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；bjective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。
3. 如何判断写作目的和意图（1）思维导图
（2）目的意图题的设问方式What is the main purpse f the authr writing the text?The purpse f the text is t get mre peple t _______.The writer f the stry wants t tell us that________.The fact…is mentined by the authr t shw________.The authr writers the last paragraph in rder t ________.（3）解题技巧：写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。 一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。
（4.)如何判断文章出处题（1）思维导图
（2）文章出处的设问方式①Where is this text prbably taken frm?②In which sectin f a website can the text appear?（3）解题技巧“推断文章出处”类试题应从文章的内容或结构入手来判断其出处：旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。课件展示类文章(a class presentatin)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如Fr mre infrmatin, please click here.
新闻报道类文章(a news reprt)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容最重要。研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。图书评论类文章(a bk review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
5. 如何判断人物和事件的特征（1）思维导图
（2）人物和事件特征的设问方式1．Which f the fllwing best ．Accrding t the text, which wrds can best describe f the fllwing best describe accrding t Paragraph wuld the authr feel abut the utcme f the event?5.What did the authr think f （3）解题技巧把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。
6. 如何判断文章走势（1）思维导图
（2）文章走势的设问方式1. What will be discussed further in the cming paragraph?2．What may the researchers d next accrding t the last paragraph?3．What wuld the authr mst prbably discuss next?4．Where des the article g next?5.What wuld the fllwing paragraph talk abut?（3）解题技巧对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。
【2024年高考命题预测】根据高考考情分析2024年高考将主要考查：（1）引申推断；（2）作者态度；（3）目的和意图。兼顾文章走势、文章出处、文章结构、写作手法等。占阅读理解的50%以上小题份额。预测考向1 考查引申推断1.（2024•河北省石家庄市部分名校高三上学期三调·阅读理解C节选） Speeches by imprtant fficial men and wmen were intrduced later, as mre emphasis was placed upn the ecnmic and civil significance f the hliday. Still later, by a reslutin f the American Federatin f Labr cnventin f 1909,the Sunday befre Labr Day was adpted as Labr Sunday and dedicated t (致力于) the spiritual and educatinal aspects f the labr mvement. American labr has raised the natin’s standard f living and cntributed t the greatest prductin the wrld has ever knwn and the labr mvement has brught us clser t the realizatin f ur traditinal ideals f ecnmic and plitical demcracy.
31．Which f the fllwing des the authr agree with?A．It is knwn that America develps very fast.B．The riginal meaning f Labr Day changesC．It is wrthwhile t set a day fr the labrerD．The labr mvement makes the life unsteady【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后两段中的“Speeches by imprtant fficial men and wmen were intrduced later, as mre emphasis was placed upn the ecnmic and civil significance f the hliday. …… American labr has raised the natin’s standard f living and cntributed t the greatest prductin the wrld has ever knwn and the labr mvement has brught us clser t the realizatin f ur traditinal ideals f ecnmic and plitical demcracy.(由于人们更加强调这个节日的经济和民间意义，后来又有重要的官员男女发表讲话。再后来，根据1909年美国劳工联合会会议的一项决议，劳动节之前的星期天被定为劳动星期日，并致力于劳工运动的精神和教育方面。美国劳工提高了国家的生活水平，为世界上最伟大的生产做出了贡献，工人运动使我们更接近实现我们传统的经济和政治民主理想。)”可知，最后两段讲述人们对劳动节的重视程度日益加深，劳动者在提高人们生活水平方面起到了重要作用，因此可以推断，作者在最后两段强调为劳动者建立节日是非常值得的。故C选项正确，其余选项并未提及。故选C。
2.（2024•河北省石家庄市部分名校高三上学期三调·阅读理解B节选）Fr the rest f ur visit t Thailand we stayed at the Nvtel in Rangsit. Since we were there fr a lng perid f time we became familiar with a few f the staff. They paid attentin t ur needs and did their best t ensure ur stay was a pleasant ne. They were als happy t stp and chat with us, asking questins abut ur stay, what we had dne that day, recmmending things fr us t d and sharing parts f their persnal lives with us. Again, it may be said that their friendliness was part f their jb but smehw, I did nt feel that was the case. It felt natural, pen and hnest and I wuld like t think that they enjyed ur cnversatins as much as we enjyed theirs.
25．What can we knw abut the authr frm paragraph 2?A．He tried t knw mre abut life in Thailand.B．He wanted t shw what life he lived t the staff.C．He was getting alng well with the staff in the htel.D．He liked t knw mre abut ther peple’s secrets.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They paid attentin t ur needs and did their best t ensure ur stay was a pleasant ne. ……It felt natural, pen and hnest and I wuld like t think that they enjyed ur cnversatins as much as we enjyed theirs.(他们注意到我们的需要，尽最大努力确保我们住得愉快。他们也很乐意停下来和我们聊天，问一些关于我们住宿的问题，我们那天都做了些什么，给我们推荐一些可以做的事情，和我们分享他们个人生活的一部分。再次，可以说他们的友好是他们工作的一部分，但不知何故，我不觉得情况是这样的。感觉很自然，开放和诚实，我想他们喜欢我们的谈话，就像我们喜欢他们的谈话一样。)”可知，作者与宾馆工作人员的交往看，作者与他们相处得非常好。故选C。
预测考向2 考查写作目的和意图1.（2024•河北省石家庄市部分名校高三上学期三调·阅读理解D节选）The cean is a huge bdy f saltwater that cvers abut 71 percent f Earth’s surface. An estimated 97 percent f the wrld’s water is fund in the cean. Because f this, the cean has cnsiderable impact n weather, temperature, and the fd supply f humans and ther rganisms. The cean remains a mystery. Mre than 80 percent f the cean has never been mapped, explred, r even seen by humans. A far greater percentage f the surfaces f the mn and the planet Mars has been mapped and studied than f ur wn cean flr.
32．Why des the authr mentin the mn and Mars?A．T indicate peple’s determinatin t knw space.B．T shw peple knw quite little abut the cean.C．T remind us that we need mre knwledge abut space.D．T tell space explratin is mre crucial than that f ceans.【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“The cean remains a mystery. Mre than 80 percent f the cean has never been mapped, explred, r even seen by humans. A far greater percentage f the surfaces f the mn and the planet Mars has been mapped and studied than f ur wn cean flr. (海洋仍然是个谜。超过80%的海洋从未被绘制、探索过，甚至从未被人类看到过。月球和火星表面被绘制和研究的比例远远大于我们自己的海底。)”可知，作者提到月球和火星是为了说明人们对海洋的认识太少。故选B。
2.（2024•河北省石家庄市部分名校高三上学期三调·阅读理解B节选）We travelled in Thailand. The staff at the htels we stayed in went ut f their way t make us feel welcme. Yu may say that they were just ding their jbs, but this is nt hw it felt t us. At the iuDia Htel in Ayutthaya the staff went abve and beynd what we wuld have expected. The dining rm was nt pen in the evening and when we asked where we culd get a takeaway meal the frnt desk girl walked us t the nearby restaurant. She explained that the htel staff wuld prvide us with plates and dishes nce we returned. Nt nly did they prvide what we needed, but they als put ur fd in servicing bwls and tk care f the clean-up while we slept. We were grateful and deeply tuched by their kindness and care.
24．Why des the authr give the dining rm as an example?A．T tell us when the usual dinner starts in Thailand.B．T explain hw cnsiderate the staff in the htel are.C．T tell us where t eat when the dining rm is clsed.D．T shw it is hard t get a takeaway meal in Thailand.【答案】B【解析】目的和意图题。 从第一段 “We travelled in Thailand. The staff at the htels we stayed in went ut f their way t make us feel welcme. Yu may say that they were just ding their jbs, but this is nt hw it felt t us.”以及第一段“She explained that the htel staff wuld prvide us with plates and dishes nce we returned. Nt nly did they prvide what we needed, but they als put ur fd in servicing bwls and tk care f the clean-up while we slept. We were grateful and deeply tuched by their kindness and care可知，作者以宾馆餐厅晚上不开门，而工作人员带他们去买外卖食物为例是为了说明工作人员的体贴入微。故选B。
预测考向3 考查对事件和人物的描述1.（2024•河北省石家庄市部分名校高三上学期三调·阅读理解B节选）We travelled in Thailand. The staff at the htels we stayed in went ut f their way t make us feel welcme. Yu may say that they were just ding their jbs, but this is nt hw it felt t us. At the iuDia Htel in Ayutthaya the staff went abve and beynd what we wuld have expected. The dining rm was nt pen in the evening and when we asked where we culd get a takeaway meal the frnt desk girl walked us t the nearby restaurant. She explained that the htel staff wuld prvide us with plates and dishes nce we returned. Nt nly did they prvide what we needed, but they als put ur fd in servicing bwls and tk care f the clean-up while we slept. We were grateful and deeply tuched by their kindness and care.
27．Which can best describe the authr’s experience in Thailand?A．Exciting.B．Dangerus.C．Disappinting.D．Pleasant.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “We travelled in Thailand. The staff at the htels we stayed in went ut f their way t make us feel welcme. Yu may say that they were just ding their jbs, but this is nt hw it felt t us.(我们去泰国旅游了。我们住过的酒店的工作人员想尽办法让我们感到受欢迎。你可能会说他们只是在做他们的工作，但这不是我们的感觉)”以及全文可知，作者在宾馆与工作人员相处的情况以及当地人免费赠给他们水来看，作者在泰国的经历是令人愉快的。故选D。
2.（2024•江西省景德镇市高三上学期第一次质量检测·阅读理解B节选）I went inside, grabbing my raincat and heading t the barn t secure the animals. The cws were nervus, sensing the appraching strm. I quickly tied them up and ran back t the huse, just as the rain started t pur dwn. The wind was hwling and the rain was punding against the windws. Lightning and thunder fllwed, making the atmsphere even mre electric. I sat by the windw, watching the raging strm and praying that everything wuld be kay.
5．Hw did the authr feel after the strm passed?A．AngryB．RelievedC．ScaredD．Sad【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Our vegetable garden was flded, but ther than that, everything seemed t be fine. I breathed a sigh f relief as I realized that n serius damage had been dne.(我们的菜园被水淹了，但除此之外，一切似乎都很好。当我意识到没有造成严重损害时，我松了一口气)”可知，暴风雨过去后，作者感到如释重负。故选B。
预测考向4 考查写作方法1.（2024•吉林省吉林市高三上学期一模·阅读理解B节选）Abut half f all lifetime mental illness begins by age 14 and 75% befre age 25, accrding t researchers. Yet access t mental health care in the U.S. is lacking. Accrding t the Natinal Alliance n Mental Illness, sme 30 millin adults and children with mental health cnditins g withut treatment, and 129 millin peple live in areas with shrtages f mental health prfessinals.25．Hw des the authr prve the lack f mental health care in the US?A．By giving examples.B．By listing data.C．By shwing cmparisn.D．By analyzing cause and effect.
【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Abut half f all lifetime mental illness begins by age 14 and 75% befre age 25, accrding t researchers. Yet access t mental health care in the U.S. is lacking. Accrding t the Natinal Alliance n Mental Illness, sme 30 millin adults and children with mental health cnditins g withut treatment, and 129 millin peple live in areas with shrtages f mental health prfessinals.(研究人员表示，约一半的终生心理疾病在14岁前开始，75%在25岁前开始。然而，在美国，获得心理健康治疗的途径很少。根据国家精神疾病联盟的数据，大约有3000万成年人和儿童患有心理健康问题但没有接受治疗，还有1.29亿人生活在心理健康专业人员短缺的地区)”可知，作者通过列出数据证明美国缺乏精神卫生保健。故选B。
2.（2024•江西省景德镇市高三上学期第一次质量检测·阅读理解B节选）It was a typical summer day in my small twn, with the sun shining and the sky clear. I was sitting n my prch, enjying the peaceful view f the rlling hills and the calm lake, when suddenly a strng wind blew in frm the west. The peaceful sky turned dark as a strm apprached.I went inside, grabbing my raincat and heading t the barn t secure the animals. The cws were nervus, sensing the appraching strm. I quickly tied them up and ran back t the huse, just as the rain started t pur dwn. The wind was hwling and the rain was punding against the windws. Lightning and thunder fllwed, making the atmsphere even mre electric. I sat by the windw, watching the raging strm and praying that everything wuld be kay.
After what seemed like hurs, but was nly a few minutes, the strm passed. The cluds mved away, revealing a bright and sunny sky. I walked utside, taking in the fresh air and surveying the damage. The trees were bent ver and sme branches had been blwn ff. Our vegetable garden was flded, but ther than that, everything seemed t be fine. I breathed a sigh f relief as I realized that n serius damage had been dne.That evening, as I sat by the fireplace with a cup f ht cffee, I reflected n the experience. It reminded me that nature can be bth pwerful and unpredictable, but that we must persevere and adapt t whatever it thrws at us. The next mrning, as I watched the sun rise ver the nw-calm landscape, I felt a sense f pride knwing that my family and I had weathered the strm tgether.
6．Hw is the passage rganized?A．Prblem and slutinB．Cause and effectC．in rder timeD．by Cmparisn【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“That evening, as I sat by the fireplace with a cup f ht cffee(那天晚上，我端着一杯热咖啡坐在壁炉旁)”以及文章第三段“After what seemed like hurs, but was nly a few minutes, the strm passed. (似乎过了几个小时，但实际上只有几分钟，暴风雨过去了)”和第四段“That evening, as I sat by the fireplace with a cup f ht cffee, I reflected n the experience. (那天晚上，我坐在壁炉旁，端着一杯热咖啡，回想起这段经历。)”可知，文章以时间顺序来组织的。故选C。
预测考向5 考查文章出处（2024•江西省景德镇市高三上学期第一次质量检测·阅读理解A）China nw has 53sites included n the UNESCO Wrld Heritage List. Let's have a lk at fur f them, which may give yu sme advice n yur next travel plan.Huangshan MuntainHuangshan, knwn as “the lveliest muntain f China”, lies in the suth f Anhui Prvince in eastern China. The scenic area cvers 154 square kilmeters, and is famus fr its peaks, rcks, pines, cluds and springs. It als has a rich cultural heritage.
Lngmen GrttesThe Lngmen Grttes(石窟) lies in the suth f Luyang city, Henan Prvince. It includes the largest cllectin f Chinese art f the late Nrthern Wei and Tang dynasties, and shw the achievements f Chinese stne carving(雕刻).Gulangyu IslandLcated n the entry f the Jiulng River, the island was ccupied by at least a dzen cuntries, including Great Britain, France and Japan. With such a harmnius mixture f Western music and Eastern culture, Gulangyu is naturally referred t as the “island f music”. It is famus fr its utstanding musicians and musical instruments.
Ancient villages in suthern AnhuiLying in suthern Anhui, Xidi and Hngcun have a high histrical and artistic value in architecture. The villages shw the architectural features f the Huizhu-styled living huses in the perid f the Ming and Qing dynasties. Xidi and Hngcun were added nt the list n Nvember 30,2000.3．Where des the passage mst prbably cme frm?A．A travel guidebkB．A histry textbkC．A scientific fictinD．An entertainment magazine
【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“China nw has 53sites included n the UNESCO Wrld Heritage List. Let's have a lk at fur f them, which may give yu sme advice n yur next travel plan.(目前，中国有53处文化遗产被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。让我们来看看其中的四个，它们可能会给你的下一次旅行计划提供一些建议。)”可知，文章介绍了四个旅游景点，由此可推知，文章最有可能出自一本旅游指南。故选A。
（2024•江西省景德镇市高三上学期第一次质量检测·阅读理解B节选）The PAL-V Liberty is a tw-seater hybrid car and gyrplane, which means it has a three-wheeled chassis and a fldable rtr n tp. It can switch between driving mde and flying mde in abut 10 minutes, with the help f a semi-autmatic system. It has a tp speed f 160 km/h n the rad and 180 km/h in the air, and can fly up t 500 km n a single tank f fuel. It uses regular gasline, and can be refueled at any gas statin.
The PAL-V Liberty is expected t be delivered t custmers in 2023, alter btaining the necessary certificatins frm aviatin authrities. The cmpany claims that the vehicle meets the existing regulatins f bth cars and aircrafts, and that it is safe and easy t perate. Hwever, the PAL-V Liberty is nt a cheap vehicle, nr is it accessible t everyne. It csts599,000 eurs (abut 4.7 millin yuan) fr the Pineer Editin, which includes flight training curses, pwer heating and persnalizatin ptins. There is als a cheaper Sprt Editin, which csts 299,000 eurs (abut 2.3 millin yuan), but it has less features and requires the buy er t pay an additinal 10,000 eurs(abut 78,000 yuan) fr flight training.
10．What's the authr’s attitude twards the PAL-V Liberty?A．favrableB．skepticalC．bjectiveD．indifference【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“It can switch between driving mde and flying mde in abut 10 minutes, with the help f a semi-autmatic system. It has a tp speed f 160 km/h n the rad and 180 km/h in the air, and can fly up t 500 km n a single tank f fuel. It uses regular gasline, and can be refueled at any gas statin.(在半自动系统的帮助下，它可以在大约10分钟内从驾驶模式切换到飞行模式。它在公路上的最高速度为160公里/小时，在空中的最高速度为180公里/小时，单箱燃料可以飞行500公里。它使用普通汽油，可以在任何加油站加油)”
以及第三段“Hwever, the PAL-V Liberty is nt a cheap vehicle, nr is it accessible t everyne. It csts599,000 eurs (abut 4.7 millin yuan) fr the Pineer Editin, which includes flight training curses, pwer heating and persnalizatin ptins. There is als a cheaper Sprt Editin, which csts 299,000 eurs (abut 2.3 millin yuan), but it has less features and requires the buy er t pay an additinal 10,000 eurs(abut 78,000 yuan) fr flight training.(然而，PAL-V自由不是一个便宜的车辆，也不是每个人都可以使用。先锋版售价为59.9万欧元(约合470万元人民币)，包括飞行训练课程、电力加热和个性化选项。还有一款更便宜的Sprt Editin，售价29.9万欧元(约合230万元人民币)，但功能较少，需要购买者额外支付1万欧元(约合7.8万元人民币)的飞行训练费用)”可知，作者只是客观的描述了PAL-V Liberty的有关数据，包括它的时速，以及价格，所以对PAL-V Liberty是客观的。故选C项。
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