高考英语一轮复习语法能力突破必备PPT--06非谓语动词

这是一份高考英语一轮复习语法能力突破必备PPT--06非谓语动词，共41页。PPT课件主要包含了高考链接，to bite，wanting，astonished，spending，visiting，walking，noting ，being ，to wear 等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点一：非谓语动词的时态和语态　　非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(动词-ing形式和-ed形式),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。非谓语动词的时态语态一览表
1.主、被动形式非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时, 用被动形式。I gt a letter saying that I was admitted t a key university. The bridge t be built will be the lngest ne n this river.2.时间先后关系根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态:(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生, 用非谓语动词的一般式;(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前, 用非谓语动词的完成式。 Hearing the inspiring news, they all jumped with jy.I seem t have invlved myself in smething I dn’t understand.
考点二：非谓语动词作主语、表语1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和不定式。(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。Listening t music is my sister’s hbby.T d this is t cut the ft t fit the she.(2)it作形式主语, 代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有: It is/was n use/gd+ding sth.; It is/was nt f any use/gd+ding sth.; It is/was f little use/gd+ding sth.; It is/was useless ding sth.; It’s a waste f time ding sth.;It is/was+adj.+fr sb.+t d sth.等。It was n use pretending that I had nt seen him, s I waved t him.It is n gd trying that methd, because it wn’t wrk.It is imprtant fr us t meet persnally althugh we have been in tuch in varius ways.
2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和不定式。注意动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人感到……的”, 而过去分词作表语意为本身“感到……的”。The aim f the festival is t increase awareness f Hindu culture and traditins.At first she was terrified, then she pulled herself tgether.The radiatin f nuclear bmbing is terrifying.
考点三：非谓语动词作宾语1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allw, risk, keep, keep n, avid, escape, enjy, cnsider, excuse, finish, miss, insist n, lk frward t, feel like, get dwn t, bject t等。2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词:agree, intend/plan, demand, prmise, help, prepare, decide, refuse, chse, wish/hpe, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim,hesitate, happen等。
3.既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语: remember,frget, regret, stp, g n, mean, start, begin, try等。如:D yu remember being intrduced t ur president when yu visited ur schl last mnth?I regret t infrm yu he died as a cnsequence f his injuries.
4.不定式作decide, knw, cnsider, frget, learn,remember, shw, understand, see, wnder, hear, find ut,explain, tell等动词或动词短语的宾语时, 前面常带引导词hw, what, whether, where, when, wh等。The father wndered hw t answer his sn’s questin. 5.need, require, want作“需要”讲, deserve作“应受, 应得”讲时, 其后接动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义或不定式的被动结构。This wrk needs ding/t be dne carefully. The by richly deserved punishing.6.固定句式d/have/其他动词+sth.+but/except(t) d sth.中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循前有实义动词d, but后则无t,反之则有t的原则。I have nthing but praise fr the plice.I have a lt f hmewrk every day, and I have n chice but t d it.
考点四：非谓语动词作宾语补足语1.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch,bserve, ntice, lk at, hear, listen t, feel)后面的宾语补足语有三种常见的非谓语动词形式(d/ding/dne)。d表主动和完成(被动句中t还原),ding表主动或正在进行,dne表被动或完成。I heard her singing an English sng when I passed by.I didn’t ntice him get n the same bus.2.动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。The teacher had us make up cnversatins during classes.The teacher gt the students t lk up all the wrds they didn’t knw.
3.固定短语,如advise/allw/encurage/request/warn sb.t d sth.等。The plice examined the cars and allwed them t g ahead. 4.with/withut复合结构常用形式:With the teacher standing beside, she felt a bit uneasy.With all the wrk finished , they went ut t play.I can’t g ut with all these clthes t wash.
考点五：非谓语动词作定语1.动词不定式作定语(1)动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后, 与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。He was the last ne t leave schl yesterday.(主谓关系)She has a lt f wrk t d in the mrning.(动宾关系)点津: 动词不定式既可用主动形式也可用被动形式,但其含义有所不同。试比较:D yu have anything t buy?(动作的执行者是“你”)D yu have anything t be bught?(动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”)
(2)当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级、the last、 the nly等修饰,且非谓语动词与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时,常用动词不定式作定语。The best place t catch fish n a canal is clse t a lck. (3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时,常用不定式作后置定语,且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability,chance,idea,attempt,plan,way,pprtunity等。We shuld develp the students’ ability t slve prblems.点津: 在作定语的动词不定式中,如果其中的动词是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词。但是如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。 Wuld yu please give me sme paper t write n?The shpping mall is a gd place t g.
2.动词-ing形式作定语当动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时, 用动词-ing形式。The child standing ver there is my brther.点津: 被修饰的名词与修饰词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时, 用动词-ing形式的被动形式作定语, 表示该动作的被动和进行。The huse being built ver there will be ur new library.3.动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。The bk written by M Yan is very ppular.点津: 作定语的非谓语动词的分词形式为ding和dne,ding表示正在进行; dne表示已经完成。biling water正在沸腾的水　biled water开水
考点六：非谓语动词作状语1.动词不定式作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等。(1)作目的状语, 有时用in rder t或s as t,但s as t不用于句首。(2019·江苏高考) T enjy the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.In rder t catch the train, she hurried thrugh her wrk.(2)作结果状语,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,常用结构enugh t, t, , nly t等。Yu’re ld enugh t travel n the train by yurself.He was s flish as t leave his car unlcked.
(3)作原因状语, 此时常与表示情感的形容词连用, 如glad, happy, frightened, surprised等。He was surprised t find his rm thrughly cleaned and everything arranged in perfect rder.点津: 动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, gd, fit, cmfrtable等后面作状语,构成“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。The materials are sft and cmfrtable t wear.
2.动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式作状语, 常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。We hear f wmen wh run away, leaving behind their hmes and families. (2020·天津高考)The dancer’s incredible perfrmance had the audience n its feet clapping fr 10 minutes at the end f the shw.点津: 动词不定式作结果状语时, 常表示意想不到的结果;而动词-ing形式作结果状语时, 常表示自然而然的结果。He hurried t the statin,nly t find the train had left.
3.动词-ed形式作状语(1)动词-ed形式作状语, 分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。(2020·江苏高考)Technlgical innvatins, cmbined with gd marketing, will prmte the sales f these prducts.(2)某些动词-ed形式已经形容词化, 且往往用于一些系表结构中, 此时这些动词-ed形式既不表示被动, 也不表示完成, 而表示一种状态, 如lst(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(隐藏的), lst/absrbed in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着……的), tired f(对……感到厌倦的)等。He hid his face in his hands again, lst in his wn thughts.He was a big man in his frties, smartly dressed in a suit and tie.点津: 有部分分词或不定式短语作状语,其动词形式的选择不受上下文的影响,这种结构称为独立成分。常用的有cnsidering ... (鉴于,考虑到); generally speaking(总的来说); judging by/frm ...(从……来看,依据……来判断);suppsing that ... (假定……); prviding that... (假定……);given that...(鉴于,由于……)。
4.独立主格结构(1)独立主格结构的特点: a.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;b.独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系; c.独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。 (2)独立主格结构的构成:　名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。Every mrning the ld man walks in the park, his pet dg fllwing him alng(=and his pet dg fllws him alng).She std there, her eyes lking upward int the sky and her hands crssed n her breast.
语法填空题考法1.三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(ding); (2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(dne);(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等, 要想到用不定式形式(t d)。
2.掌握非谓语动词的句型公式It’s+形容词+(fr/f sb.+) t d sth.; It’s n gd/use/pleasure ding sth.; find/think/believe/cnsider+it+ adj.+t d sth.。3.牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词4.巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等;(2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式形式。
考向1　作宾语或补足语单句语法填空1. (2023·全国I卷) T eat ne, yu have t decide whether ______ (bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill
解析：考查非谓语动词。decide whether t d sth.“决定是否做某事”，用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，空处与后面t put并列作宾语，故填t bite。
2. (2023·全国I卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them ___________ (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut allwing them tearing r spilling any f their cntents.3. (2023·全国I卷) N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is rarely enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left _________ (want) mre next time.
t be lifted
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allw sb. t d sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift ut与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式。故填t be lifted。
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词。故填wanting。
4. (2021·全国I卷) Strange, isn’t it? But that’s hw nature is — always leaving us ___________ (astnish).5. (2021·全国甲卷) After _________ (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better than t ride n a piece f histry! 
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：很奇怪，不是吗? 但大自然就是这样ーー总是让我们感到惊讶。leave后面可接非谓语形式做宾补，此空中us和astnish是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词做宾补。故填astnished。
解析：考查非谓语动词。前面的“After”是介词，介词后面用动词-ing形式做宾语。故填spending。
6. (2021·全国乙卷) • Minimize the impact f ________ (visit) the place.7. (2020·新高考全国I卷) As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in histry r ________ (walk) thrugh a rainfrest.
解析：考查非谓语动词。所给的词是动词且位于介词f后，故用动词-ing形式做宾语。故填visiting。
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构分析，设空处和其前的living一样，做动词的宾语。故填walking。
8. (2019·全国I卷) Scientists have respnded by _______ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating (聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin (错觉) that ppulatins are higher than they actually are.9．(2019·全国Ⅱ卷) A 90-year-ld has been awarded “Wman Of The Year” fr ______ (be) Britain’s ldest full-time emplyee--- still wrking 40 hurs a week.
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词形式，做介词宾语。故填nting。
解析：考查非谓语动词。介词fr后跟动词时，应用其-ing形式作宾语。故填being。
10. (2019·浙江卷) But sme students didn’t want ________ (wear) the unifrm.11. (2018·浙江卷) I still remember ________ (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I was shcked when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
解析： 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want t d sth.想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填t wear。
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember ding sth.，故填visiting。
考向2　作主语或表语单句语法填空1. (2021·全国甲卷) It is pssible ________ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters. 2. (2021·全国乙卷) It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme __________ (educate) abut the areas
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是一个句型：It is pssible t d ...。分析句子结构可知，句首的“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故填t walk。
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，所填的词做表语。由于educate和the traveler之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词-ed形式。故填educated。
3. (2019·全国III卷) On ur way t the huse, it was raining s hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take ______ (get) there.4. (2019·天津卷) __________ (learn) t think critically is an imprtant skill tday’s children will need fr the future.
解析：考查不定式。句中的wuld提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wndering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，作主语代替形式主语it。故填t get。
解析：考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语。此处用动名词作主语，故填learning。
5. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid lking directly int his eyes s he desn’t feel ___________ (challenge).6. (新课标全国Ⅰ) It tk years f wrk __________ (reduce) the industrial pllutin and clean the water.
challenged
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，该句结构为It takes/tk + 时间 + t d sth.。
考向3　作定语单句语法填空1. (2023·全国I卷) Shanghai may be the __________ (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng ha’s birthplace.2. (2023·全国甲卷) Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message _________ (intend) fr everyne.
解析：考查非谓语动词。空格在名词hme前面作定语，recgnize与hme是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recgnized作定语，recgnized“被公认的”，也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recgnized。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended fr打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
3. (2023·全国II卷) They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t ______ (visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas, which are n lan frm China.4. (2023·全国乙卷) Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng t ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully ______ (build) system f ring rads.
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处用来修饰后面的名词Chinese zkeepers，visit和Chinese zkeepers是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此应用-ing主动形式。故填visiting。
解析：考查非谓语动词。此空前有its，这里和carefully一起构成一个短语做定语。和后面的system是逻辑上的被动关系。故填built。
5. (2022·新高考全国II卷) When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny(阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres,jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the _______ (fall) child. 
解析：考查非谓语动词。句中已经出现了谓语动词,所以此处用非谓语形式;中心词child与fall之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式做定语。故用falling。
6. (2022·全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step __________ (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.7. (2022·全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin _____ (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词作定语修饰名词step，所以用动词不定式，故填t jurney。
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词要用非谓语动词形式。hld和the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词-ed形式作定语。故填held。
8. (2022·全国乙卷) “ It can help t build a cmmunity with a _______ (share) future fr mankind,” he said.9. (2021·全国I卷)Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur ________ (ache) legs.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它将有助于建立人类命运共同体。此处需要用过去分词作定语，修饰future，表示“人类命运共同体”。故填shared。
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处需要用过去分词作定语，修饰legs，表示“疼痛的腿”，ache和legs是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填aching。
考向4　作状语单句语法填空1. (2023·全国甲卷) Fr thusands f years, peple have tld fables (寓言) —________ (teach) a lessn r t pass n wisdm. 2. (2023·全国甲卷) “There was nce a twn in the heart f America, where all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with is surrundings,” her fable begins, ___________ (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填t teach。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词begins，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与brrw之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填brrwing。
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句中时间状语来判断，应用完成时形式。另外，这里是非谓语做状语，表示主语的另一个动作，但这个动作发生在谓语动词之前，故用-ing完成式。故填having visited。
3. (2023·全国乙卷) ______________ (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I was amazed by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.4. (2022·全国I卷) _________ (cver) an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
Having visited
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Cvering。
5. (2022·全国I卷) The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.6. (2022·新高考全国I卷) He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up 　______ (see) them.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，以提高效率。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t increase。
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式做目的状语。故用t see。
7. (2022·全国乙卷) _____________ (strengthen) the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial (2021·全国II卷) I was upset t learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, _________ (think) it is fd. 
T strengthen
解析：考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知，此处需用不定式表目的，“为了加强和年轻人的联系，”。故填T strengthen。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构可知，所填的词用做状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。故填thinking。
9. (2021·全国II卷) I decided t d smething __________ (educate) peple abut this prblem.10. (2019·全国III卷) On the last day f ur week－lng stay, we were invited t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars, _________ (listen) t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构可知, (educate) peple abut this prblem用做目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填t educate。 
解析：考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以本题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting lcals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
考向5　固定搭配单句语法填空1. (2023·全国乙卷) As a phtgrapher, I have spent the last tw years __________ (recrd) everything I discvered.2. (2021·全国乙卷) Activities there range frm whale watching t hiking (远足) and accmmdatins aim ________ (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个摄影师，我花了两年的时间记录我发现的一切。这里考查固定搭配spend ... (in) ding...。故填recrding。
解析：考查非谓语动词。aim t d sth意为“旨在做某事”，是一个固定搭配。故填t have。