高考英语一轮复习语法能力突破必备PPT--05动词的时态和语态

这是一份高考英语一轮复习语法能力突破必备PPT--05动词的时态和语态，共47页。PPT课件主要包含了考 点 精 析，框架结构图，主动语态 被动语态，动词的语态，动词的时态，一般时，进行时，完成时，完成进行时，wished等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时
现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时
现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时
现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成进行时
考点1 一般时态1.一般现在时(d/des; am/is/are)(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, nw and then, ccasinally, ften, seldm,smetimes, usually, every day/night等连用。(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。只限于g, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, cme等动词。(3)表示普遍真理。
(4)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。He plays basketball every day.The film starts at tw ’clck.The earth ges rund the sun.If yu lk at all sides f the situatin, yu’ll prbably find a slutin that suits everyne.
2.一般过去时(did; was/were)(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partner”.(2)表示过去的习惯性动作。【拓展】used t d表示“过去常常做……”We used t g there every year.We ften played tgether when we were children.—Haven’t seen yu fr ages! Where have yu been?—I went t Ningxia and stayed there fr three years, teaching as a vlunteer.
考点2进行时态1.现在进行时(am/is/are ding)(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常用的这类动词有g, cme, leave, start, arrive, return, wrk, sleep, stay, have, wear等。(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always, cnstantly, cntinually等副词连用)。He is listening t a tape, but he can’t hear it clearly. He is leaving tmrrw t play his first match. We are always finding new beauties in Shakespeare’s petry.
2.过去进行时(was/were ding)(1)表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作或者表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time, at that mment, at this time yesterday, at ten ’clck yesterday等短语连用。(2)过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。(3)过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。We were playing ftball at this time yesterday afternn. Susan had quit her well-paid jb and was wrking as a vlunteer in the neighbrhd when I visited her last year.She was always arguing with him and fighting with him.
3.将来进行时(will/shall be ding)表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。常见的标志性的时间状语有this time tmrrw, frm 1:30 p.m. t 4:30 p.m., the day after tmrrw等。I will be discussing the situatin with my clleagues this time tmrrw.
考点3将来时态1.一般将来时(will/shall d)(1)“shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。(2)“be ging t+动词原形”表示:①现在打算或计划将来要做的事情;②根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。(3)“be t+动词原形”表示:①预先安排好的计划或约定;②说话人的意志、意图、义务、命令等;③注定要发生的事情。
(4)“be abut t+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。We shall be punished if we break the rule. My daughter is ging t wrk next year. They are t attempt t be the first t circle the Earth nn-stp by balln.Will yu kindly bey the instructins I am abut t give?
2.过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,即过去将来时是“立足过去, 着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。They said they wuld give the plice their full cperatin. 【拓展】除“shuld/wuld+动词原形”外(第一人称通常用shuld,其他人称通常用wuld),过去将来时还有以下常见表达方式: was/were ging t d, was/were abut t d, was/were t d,但是表示过去的某种习惯性动作时,常用wuld d/used t d。I had a feeling yu were ging t have difficulty ding this.He was abut t ffer an explanatin t the plice.
考点4完成时态1.现在完成时(have/has dne)(1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作,常用的时间状语:already, just, yet, never, befre, lately, recently, in the last/past few years, up t nw, s far等。(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态,常与fr, since等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。(4)This/It is the first/secnd... time+that从句,that从句中谓语动词要用现在完成时。
(5)It(This) is the best(wrst, mst interesting等)+名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。China’s high-speed railways have grwn rapidly in the past few years.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband, ur children and I have had wnderful camping experiences ver the past ten years.I wn’t pay yu until yu have finished this jb. This is the first time I have left my cuntry and set ft n freign sil.
2.过去完成时(had dne)(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。(2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语:by then, by that time, by the end f, by the time+句子等。(3)表示“愿望,打算”的动词(如hpe, want, expect, think, mean, suppse, plan, intend)用于过去完成时,表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
(4)在“hardly(scarcely)” “n ” 句型中, 主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。By that time, I had already made the decisin t leave.I had hped t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage, but I culdn’t manage it.We had n sner had supper than we began t repair the machine.
考点5完成进行时现在完成进行时(have/has been ding)(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。We have been waiting fr him fr tw hurs. (2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。(2020·天津高考)—Yu are a great swimmer.—Thanks. It’s because I have been practising a lt these days.
考点6被动语态　　被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”,只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态。除be外,被动语态的构成形式还有“get/becme+过去分词”。只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语:last, cst, spread, happen(t), take place, belng t, break ut, g ut, run ut, wrk ut。
1.被动语态的构成(以d为例)
2.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。The reprters asked the president sme questins.→The president was asked sme questins by the reprters. →Sme questins were asked the president by the reprters. (2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加t(位置不变)。I heard him say gd-bye t his friends.→He was heard t say gd-bye t his friends.
(3)动词短语变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴”。This dictinary must be taken gd care f. (4)情态动词,be ging t, be t, be sure t等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。This bk may nt be taken ut f the reading rm. (5)“get+过去分词”构成的表示被动的短语get paid/lst/hurt等。They get paid twice as much as I d, but the jb is exactly the same as mine.N matter hw well yu knw Paris, it is easy t get lst.
3.主动形式表示被动含义(1)表示感受、感官的系动词,如feel, sund, taste, lk等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义,指其本身具有的属性、特征等。(2)当sell, read, draw, wash, write, pen, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后有状语(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时,用主动形式表示被动含义。The music isn’t pleasant t listen t.This kind f radi desn’t sell well.
考向 1 动词的时态单句语法填空
1. (2023 ·全国 Ⅱ卷) As a little girl, I _______ (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up. 2. (2023 ·全国 乙卷) The remarkable develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, _______ (mean) there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
解析：考查动词时态。句意：在我还是一个小女孩时，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。根据从句中的时态来判断，这里也应该用过去时。故填wished。
解析：考查动词时态。句子主语是The remarkable develpment，单数名词，另外句中时态是一般现在时。故填means。
3. (2022 ·全国 I卷) The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that ______ (be) previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas (2022 ·全国 II卷) Henry __________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number f areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previusly (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。
解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。这是一个“sb. be ding sth. when...”句型,表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然……)”。讲述过去的动作用过去进行时,主语Henry是第三人称单数，所以系动词用was。故用was fixing。
5. (2022 ·全国 II卷) He quickly _______ (thrw) his tls aside, and started running, arms ut.6. (2022 ·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Ca ___________ (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa’s highest muntain. 
解析：考查动词时态。根据下文的“and started running”可知，此处用一般过去时。故用threw。
解析：考查动词时态。根据时间状语“In the last five years”可知，句子要用现在完成时。故填has walked。
7. (2022 ·全国乙卷) The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety __________ (address) the pening ceremny.8. (2021 ·全国I卷) Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it _____ (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.
解析：考查谓语动词。根据上文提到的May 21st可知，首届“国际茶日”已经举办，故需要用一般过去时。故填addressed。
解析：考查动词时态。句意：你不禁会想，当时人们要把这些石头放到合适的位置上有多难。句中有时间状语then，可以判断用一般过去时。故填was。
9. (2021 ·全国II卷) One f the biggest cmpanies I wrte t _____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.10. (2021 ·全国甲卷) We _______ (hire) ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate.
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrte”可知，这里描述的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时；在“ne f + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
解析：考查动词时态。根据上下文内容可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的经历，所以用一般过去时。故填hired。
11. (2020 ·新高考全国I卷) Often, nly a small part f a museum’s cllectin _____ (be) n display. 12. (2020 ·全国I卷) Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, “because it _______ (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn _____________ (cnstruct)”.
is cnstructed
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。通常情况下，博物馆的藏品只有一小部分在展出。根据文中上下文时态，应该用现在时。另外句子主语是单数名词。故填is。
解析：考查时态和被动语态。布朗大学科学家Carle Pieters表示: “因为这意味着我们有机会获得有关月球是如何构成的信息。”这里用在直接引语中，因此应该用一般现在时。第二空的主语是月亮，表物。故填means和is cnstructed。
13. (2019·全国I卷) In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut ____________ (reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a belief that ppulatins are increasing.14. (2019 ·全国 Ⅱ卷) I dn’t see any reasn t give up wrk.I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___________ (make) ver the years.
have reprted
解析：考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语 in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填 have reprted。
解析：考查时态。ver the years 常与完成时连用，在此意为“(从过去某 时到现在的)多年来”。根据主句谓语动词 lve 的时态可 知，定语从句的谓语动词make应用现在完成式。
15. (2019·全国II 卷) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene _________ (declare) she had n plans t retire frm her 36-year-ld business.16. (2019·全国 II 卷) Our hsts shared many f their experiences and ______________ (recmmend) wnderful places t eat, shp,and visit.
解析：考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had可知用一般过去时态，故填 declared。
解析：考查一般过去时态。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了 很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地 方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recmmended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填 recmmended。
17. (2019 ·浙江卷) When every pupil in the schl wears the unifrm, nbdy ____________ (have) t wrry abut fashin (时尚).18. (2019·浙江卷) One study in America fund that students’ grades ________ (imprve) a little after the schl intrduced unifrms.
will have/has
解析:考查时态。句意:当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此主句可以使用将来时will d；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是 nbdy，谓语用 has。故填 will have/has。
解析：考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填 imprved。
19. (2019·北京卷) On the first day f my first grade,I std by the dr with butterflies in my stmach. I _______ (vice) my biggest cncern t my mther. “Hw will I make friends?”20. (2019·北京卷) Des the name f the cllege yu attend really matter? Research n the questin _____________________________ (suggest) that, fr mst students, it desn’t.
suggests/suggested/has suggested
解析：考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的vice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，参照语境中的std可知，用一般过去式。故填 viced。
解析：考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填 suggests / suggested / has suggested。
21. (2019·天津卷) I __________ (hpe) t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage, but I culdn’t manage it.22. (2018·全国卷 I ) While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it ___ (be) mre effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling r swimming.
解析：考查时态。句意：我本来计划在 Peter 结婚时送他一 个礼物的，可是我没有做到。culdn’t manage用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时，表示过去本打算做某事 而没有做成。
解析：考查谓语动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个客观事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
23. (2018·全国卷II) The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment _______ (start) a sil-testing prgram that gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.24. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) True t a grilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal _______ (mean) me n real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king f this frest, and here is yur reminder!”
解析：考查谓语动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，用一般过去时。故填started。
解析：考查谓语动词的时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语,再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。
25. (2017·全国Ⅲ) Sarah says, “My dad thinks I shuld take the ffer nw. But at the mment, schl ______ (cme) first. I dn’t want t get t absrbed in mdeling.”26. (2017·浙江) Pahlssn and her husband _________ (search) the kitchen, checking every crner, but turned up nthing.
解析：考查谓语动词的时态。此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。
解析：考查动词的时态。该句中but后的turned up使用了过去式，search是与之并列的谓语动词，故也应使用过去式。
27. (四川高考) Hwever, it stayed with her and learned abut the ways f the frest. Then, after tw and a half years, the mther ______ (drive) the yung panda away.28. (全国卷Ⅱ) This cycle _____ (g) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cl ff during the night and are thus always a timely ffset (抵消) fr the utside temperatures.
解析：文章叙述了熊猫妈妈对孩子的照顾，用了一般过去时，空格处也需用一般过去时且为主动形式，故用drive的 过去式 drve。
解析：此处指这种循环日复一日地不断持续下去，由冒号后内容的时态可知这种情况是客观事实，故用一般现在时态ges。
考向 1 动词的语态单句语法填空1. (2023·全国甲卷) Carsn prves that a simple lyric frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still ____________ (emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.2. (2022·全国乙卷) Having visited several times ver the last 10 years, I ____________ (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
解析：考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric frm与emply之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be emplyed。
解析：考查语态。根据空后的by可知，此处用被动形式。另外从后面的时态来看，用一般过去时。故填was amazed。
3. (2022·全国卷I) The GPNP ___________ (design) t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) f natural ecsystems (2021·全国甲卷) It _________ (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复).
is designed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
解析：考查动词时态语态。根据“riginally”一词可知此处描述过去的事情；主语“It”和build之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。
5. (2020·全国I卷) The parts f a museum pen t the public _________ (call) galleries r rms.6. (2019·天津卷) Amy, as well as her brthers, _________ (give) a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.
解析：考查动词时态语态。句意：博物馆向公众开放的部分称为画廊或房间。句子主语是一个表物的复数形式，用被动。而且根据上下文可知，应用现在时。故填are called。
解析：本题考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。由时间状语 last week可知应用一般过去时；as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则，即这句话真正的主语是Amy，故用单数；由句意可知用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was given。
7. (2018·浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend wh'd lived here fr five years and I ____________ (shck) when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.8. (2017·全国 I ) When fat and salt ____________ (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething.
解析：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。此处表示我被震惊了。shck的主语是I，两者关系是被动，动作发生在过去。故填was shcked。
解析：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt 是复数概念，且与remve是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态结构 are remved。
9. (2017·全国Ⅲ) Sarah _____________________ (tell) that she culd be Britain’s new supermdel, earning a millin dllars in the next year.10. (全国 I ) S it was a great hnur t be invited backstage at the nt-fr-prfit Panda Base, where ticket mney helps pay fr research. I ____________ (allw) t get up clse t these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
has been tld/was tld
解析：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模，可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。
解析：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。根据语境及 allw sb. t d sth.这一用法可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态形式。
11. (全国Ⅲ) Truly elegant chpsticks might _________ (make) f gld and silver with Chinese characters.12. (四川) The giant panda ________ (lve) by peple thrughut the wrld.
解析：考查谓语动词的语态。根据句意筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态 might be dne。
解析：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，故用一般现在时；panda 此处表示单数概念，与 lve之间是被动关系。故填 is lved。
13. (广东) He sld r exchanged sme f the milk in the twns nearby fr ther fd and made cheese and butter fr the family with what __________ (leave).
解析：句意：他在附近的乡镇卖牛奶时用牛奶交换其他食品，剩下的东西为家人做奶酪和黄油。这里 what was left是一个宾语从句，根据句意可知用被动语态。故填was left。
考点集训题组一 动词时态集训单句语法填空1. Sales f CDs have declined dramatically since the early 2010s, when peple ______ (begin) t enjy music dwnladed frm the internet.2. With peple paying attentin t fitness, self-service mini-gyms, each cvering abut 5 square Meters, ____________ (spring) up in China’s majr cities these years. 3. We can find beautiful light in the ther persn, which may be precisely what we ___________________ (search) fr all alng.
have sprung
have been searching
4. When yu are absrbed in a bk r simply trying t rest, it seems that the phne __________ (ring) cntinuusly, destrying yur mmentary peace. 5. Weib as well as WeChat ______ (serve) as a media platfrm fr peple t share their thughts instantly withut limits f place r time.  　　　　　　　　 6. At sixty, Maugham decided t withdraw frm the theater and wrte The Summing Up, in which he tried t review what he ___________ (learn) frm his life and literature.   7. Linda ____________ (attend) t her mther fr s lng that she figures ut almst every gesture f her mther’s.
had learned
has attended
8. Husing prices have been increasing since a few years ag. Therefre, it’s time the central gvernment _____ (take) sme effective measures t bring them under cntrl.9. The event that ________ (stand) ut in my memry happened ne mrning in 1983 when I was 14 years ld. It has never escaped.10. A study shws a wrrying tendency that the windw fr saving the wrld’s cral reefs frm the effects f glbal warming _________ (clse) rapidly.
题组二 动词被动语态集训单句语法填空1.Thrughut the histry f mvie-making, Shakespeare’s plays __________________ (adapt) fr films mre than the wrks f any ther writer. 2. I feel it is yur husband wh is _________ (blame) fr the spiled child.3. If city nises _____________ (nt keep) frm increasing, peple will have t shut t be heard even at dinner.4. 2. The fifth generatin cmputers, with artificial intelligence, __________________ (develp) and perfected nw.5. I need ne mre stamp befre my cllectin ____________ (cmplete).
have been adapted
are nt kept
are being develped
is cmpleted