高考英语一轮复习语法能力突破必备PPT--04形容词和副词

这是一份高考英语一轮复习语法能力突破必备PPT--04形容词和副词，共42页。PPT课件主要包含了考点精析，框架结构图，形容词，比较级，最高级，倍数表达式，词缀后缀规则，高考链接，tasty，confident等内容，欢迎下载使用。

A+谓语 + 倍数 +比较级 +than +B
A+谓语 +倍数 +as+原级 +as+B
A+谓语 +倍数+the+名词+f+B
考点一 形容词和副词的句法功能1.形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词, 表示事物或人的性质和特征。可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等。I have t attend an imprtant meeting this afternn. (作定语)I knw he is t ptimistic but I dn’t want t depress him.(作表语)The rm was fund very dirty.(作主语补足语)Optimism makes a life happier and mre meaningful. (作宾语补足语)Wrried abut the jurney, I was unsettled fr the first few days.(作状语)
点津:(1)通常只作表语的形容词:①以“a-”开头的形容词:afraid害怕的, alne孤单的, alive活着的, alike相似的, ashamed羞愧的,awake醒着的;②cntent, wrth, ill(有病的,不舒服的), sure, liable, well等。(2)通常不用“人”作主语的形容词:pssible, impssible, prbable, cnvenient, necessary等。(3)形容词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
2.副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句子。可作状语、表语、宾语补足语等。Whenever we have truble with ur studies, ur teachers help us patiently. (作状语)The tide was ut and they walked amng the rck pls.(作表语)Unfrtunately, I was still very clumsy behind the wheel f the jeep.(作状语)点津:(1)有些副词并不修饰动词, 而是修饰整个句子, 表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有:
(2)兼有两种形式的副词其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。
考点二 形容词和副词的相互转化1.大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成。主要变化规律:
2.在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词。需要在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。如early, much, fast, little, wide, lud, well等。It brught a wide smile t his face and laughter t his eyes.(形容词)In a few secnds she was wide awake.(副词)点津:下列单词以-ly结尾, 但却是形容词而非副词:lively, lnely, lvely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, timely等。
考点三 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词, 在原级后加-er, -est构成, 如hard—harder—hardest。其他特殊变化见下表:
②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级前加mre, mst构成。active—mre active—mst activehappily—mre happily—mst happily点津: ①少数双音节词及以-er或-le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式cmmn—cmmner/mre　cmmn—cmmnest/mst cmmn②表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent, extreme, perfect, favrite等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。(2)不规则形式gd/well—better—bestfar—farther/further—farthest/furthestbad/ill/badly—wrse—wrst
2.比较等级的用法(1)基本用法①两者相比, 表示“和……一样”, 用“as+原级+as”表示。He wrked as fast as a qualified technician.点津:在同级比较中, 若出现形容词修饰单数可数名词, 其语序为: as+ adj.+a(n)+n.+as。Jhn is as clever a by as yu wish t meet. ②两者相比, 表示“不如……”, 用“nt as/s+原级+as”。It is nt s expensive as yu might expect.
③两者相比, 表示“比……更”, 用“比较级+than”;表示“不比……更”, 用“nt+比较级+than”。The prcess f learning and develping is mre imprtant than the utcme. Her prnunciatin is as gd as, if nt better than, her teacher’s.点津: 有些形容词本身含有比较的意义,其后面用t而不用than。如:superir t(优于,高于);inferir t (次于);senir t (年长于,地位高于);junir t(地位低于);prir t (早于,较重要于)。④三个或三个以上的人或事物比较, 表示最高程度时, 用“the+最高级+比较范围”。Her sns are the mst imprtant thing in her life.
(2)特殊用法①“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。Learning becmes mre and mre difficult as we get lder. ②“the+比较级, the+比较级”表示“越……, 就越……”。The harder we wrk, the mre prgress we will make.③“mre+原级+than”表示“与其说……不如说……”。She lks mre asleep than clever.④“mre than+主语+can+谓语”表示“非……所能;……不能”。The beauty f the place is mre than I can describe.
⑤“否定词+比较级”表示肯定的最高级I culdn’t agree with yu any mre.⑥表示倍数的三个常用句型倍数+as+原级+as... The new building is three times as high as the ld 倍数+比较级+ new building is three times higher than the ld 倍数+the size/length/width/height, etc.+f...
The new building is three times the height f the ld ne. Our classrm is three times as large as theirs. =Our classrm is three times larger than theirs. =Our classrm is three times the size f theirs.
3.比较级的修饰语(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather, much, still, even, far, a lt, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit等。The theme f the play std ut even mre clearly after it was revised.(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far, nearly, almst, by n means, nt really以及序数词等。I wuld say that intellect is by far the mst imprtant factr.
考点四 常用的分词形容词和副词　　-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别:-ed形容词,通常说明人,意为“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容词通常说明事物,意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有:interested/interesting;excited/exciting;frightened/frightening;surprised/surprising;pleased/pleasing;mved/mving;disappinted/disappinting等。The wine was excellent, but the fd was disappinting.We will be pleased t answer any questins yu may have.
点津: 原则上,-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人,若修饰事物,则多为 lk (表情),air(神态),appearance(外貌),cry(哭声),face(表情),vice(声音),md(情绪)等显示某人的情感状况的名词。Rger just lked up at him with a surprised lk. A hand helped me ut f the tree, and a frightened vice asked me if I was badly hurt.
语法填空题考法1.看到空格处修饰的是名词, 要想到用形容词。2.看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 要想到用副词。3.看到与than连用, 要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。4.看到and, r, but等并列连词前或后用的比较级, 要想到用比较级。5.看到语境中暗含比较含义, 要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。
考向1 词形变换之形容词
1. (2023 ·全国卷I) Xia lng ba (sup dumplings), thse amazing cnstructins f delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing ht, ______ (taste) sup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favrite Chinese street fd.2. (2023 ·全国卷II) I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and _________ (cnfidence) speaking English.
解析：考查词性转化。此空用来修饰其后的名词sup，应用形容词形式。与后面的sweet, fresh相对应。故用tasty。
解析：考查词性转化。此空和其前的cmfrtable一起，做feel的表语，同样要用形容词形式。故用cnfident。
3. (2023 ·全国乙卷) The ___________ (remark) develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, means there is always smething new t discver here.4. (2022 ·全国卷II) They bth fell _______ (sleep) while watching TV. 
解析：考查词性转化。此空用来修饰其后的名词develpment，应用形容词形式。故填remarkable。
解析：考查形容词。fall asleep意为“睡着了”，其中fall为系动词，asleep为形容词。故用asleep。
5. (2021 ·全国卷II) I tld him hw _________ (harm) plastic culd be t the envirnment and asked him t cnsider using mre ec-friendly ptins.6. (2021 ·全国卷II) I was s ________ (excite) when he wrte back t me.
解析：考查词性转化。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为hw引导的感叹句，所填的词做表语。故填harmful。
解析：考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。所填的词做表语，所以用形容词，修饰人，所以填excited。
7. (2020年新高考全国卷I) In the 18th and 19th centuries, ________ (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants, histrical bjects and wrks f art.8. At the same time, cmputer games are becming increasingly ppular as majr publishing huses cntinue t develp ____________ (educatin) cmputer prgrams fr children in preschl.
解析：考查词性转化。此处用来修饰后面的名词peple，做定语，应该用形容词形式。故填wealthy。
解析：考查词性转化。所填的词修饰名词cmputer prgrams，所以用形容词形式。故填educatinal。
9.(2019·全国 II 卷) We are s prud f her. It’s __________ (wnder).10. (2019·浙江卷) Schl unifrms are __________ (traditin) in Britain, but sme schls are starting t get rid f them.
解析：考查词性转化。根据句子结构可知，在系动词 is之后用形容词形式作表语，需要把名词 wnder 转化为形容词 wnderful。故填 wnderful。
解析：考查词性转化。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其 后常用形容词作表语，traditin是名词，“传统”的意思。因 此，用其形容词形式。故填 traditinal。
11. (2018 ·全国卷I) Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal _______ (glbe) fertilizer cnsumptin.12. (2018·全国卷I) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always _________ (energy).13. (2018·浙江卷) The bvius ne is mney; eating ut nce r twice a week may be ___________ (affrd) but ding this mst days adds up.
解析：考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行，中国约占全球化 肥总消费量的 30%。fertilizer cnsumptin是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填glbal。
解析：考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据 it’s 可知,系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
解析：考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词 be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”，故填 affrdable。
14. (2017·全国I) Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack (吃点心) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd. Hwever, be ________ (care) nt t g t extremes.15. (2017 ·全国II )The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst _________ (success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900.16. (2017·浙江) But smething made her lk clser, and she nticed a _____________ (shine) bject.
shiny/ shining
解析：be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是 careful。
解析：“ne f the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示 “最……的……之一”,此处应填success的形容词形式successful。
解析：空格处修饰名词 bject，故用形容词。shine 的形容词 形式为 shiny/ shining，意为“闪闪发光的”。
17. (四川) She was a very _____________ (care) mther. Fr 25 days , she never left her baby, nt even t find smething t eat!18.(新课标全国I) There were many peple waiting at the bus stp, and sme f them lked very anxius and _____________ ( disappint ).
caring/careful
disappinted
解析：空格处修饰名词 mther，故用形容词，care的形容词是 caring(照料他人的)或 careful(细心的)。在此，两个形容词在语意上都能讲得通。
解析：第二个分句中，主语是 sme f them, and 连接两个并列成分，再结合前面的形容词 anxius可知，此处也应该填一个形 容词。故用 disappinted 表示“他们中有些人感到失望”。
考向 2 词形变换之副词
单句语法填空1. (2023 ·全国卷I) N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is _______ (rare) enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left wanting mre next time.2. (2023 ·全国卷II) S, what are they learning? __________ (basic), hw t describe a panda’s life.
解析：此处考查词性转换。修饰形容词 enugh，应用副词形式，故应填rarely。
解析：此处考查词性转换。此处用在句首，应该用副词做状语，注意词形变化和第一个字母大写。故用Basically。
3. (2022 ·全国卷I) The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ppulatins and hmes f giant pandas, and __________ (eventual) achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.4. (2022 ·全国卷II) When he lked dwn, he ____________ (accidental) slipped and fell ver the edge.
accidentally
解析：此处考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。
解析：此处考查副词。修饰后面的动词slipped，应该用副词形式。故用accidentally。
5. (2021 ·全国卷I) It will ____________ (undubted) help yu get refreshed!6. (2020 ·全国卷I) Landing n the mn’s far side is __________ (extreme) challenging.7. (2019·全国Ⅰ卷) It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been _______ (pr) studied.
解析：此处考查副词。句意：毫无疑问，它将帮助你恢复精神！此空用在动词前面，应该用副词形式做状语。故填undubtedly。
解析：此处考查副词。句意：在月球背面着陆极具挑战性。此空用在形容词challenging前面，应该用副词形式做状语。故填extremely。
解析：考查形容词副词的相互转化。空格处的词应该修饰后面的动词 studied，故用副词 prly。句意：很难计算出全球北极熊的数量，因为已经对北极熊的分布范围进行的研究还不够。
8.(2019·全国 II 卷) Her years f hard wrk have been ________ (final) acknwledged after a custmer nminated (提名) her t be Chelshire’s Wman Of The Year.9. (2019·全国 III 卷) They als shared with us many traditinal stries abut Hawaii that were _______ (huge) ppular with visitrs.
解析：考查形容词副词的相互转化。空格处的词应该修饰 后面的动词 acknwledged,故用副词finally。句意：在一位顾 客提名她为切尔什尔年度最佳女性后，她多年的辛勤工作 （最终）得到了认可。
解析：考查形容词副词的相互转化。空格后的 ppular 是形容词，应该被副词修饰，故填hugely。句意：他们还与我们分享了许多关于夏威夷的传统故事，这些故事在游客中很受欢迎。
10. (2018·11 月浙江高考) _________ (recent), caffeine has fund its way int range, apple, and ther flavred drinks.11. (2018·全国卷 II) A taste fr meat is ________ (actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
解析:考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。此处应该用recent 的副词形式来做全句的时间状语，故填 Recently。
解析：考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整,用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
12.(2017·全国ⅡI) Steam engines were used t pull the carriages and it must have been ______ (fair) unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise.13. (2017·全国II) It is _________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
解析：考查形容词转化为副词。所填词修饰形容词 unpleasant，故用fair 的副词形式fairly。
解析：考查形容词转化为副词。此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun。certain的副词形式为certainly。
14. (全国Ⅱ) Walls made f adbe take in the heat frm the sun n ht days and give ut that heat _______ (slw) during cl nights, thus warming the huse.15.(广东) He wned a farm, which lked almst abandned. ________ (lucky), he als had a cw which prduced milk every day.
解析：考查副词。句意：由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放出来。修饰谓语动词give ut，因此要用副词形式。
解析：考查副词。第二句句意：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。luckily adv.幸运的是，这里用副词修饰整个句子。
16.(新课标全国I) The river was s plluted that it ________ (actual) caught fire and burned.17. (新课标全国 Ⅱ) Everyne n the bus began talking abut what the by had dne, and the crwd f strangers _________ (sudden) became friendly t ne anther.18. (广东) When we were wndering what t d, the manager came ut. She was ____________ (surprise) helpful.
surprisingly
解析：考查副词。空格处修饰动词 caught 和 burned，故用副词形式 actually。
解析：考查副词。由空格后面的became可知，此处应用sudden 的副词形式来修饰动词，因此填 suddenly。
解析：考查副词。helpful为形容词，要由副词来修饰。surprise 先转换成形容词surprising,再转换成副词surprisingly。
考向3 形容词和副词的比较等级
单句语法填空1. (2021 ·全国卷I) The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the _______ (ht) the spring!2. (2018·全国卷 I ) Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years _______ (lng) than nnrunners.
解析：考查形容词的比较级。此处有的是the mre...，the mre...句型，另外注意词尾辅音字母的双写。故填htter。
解析：考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填 lnger。
3.(2018·全国卷 I )While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it is mre effective at lengthening life _____ walking, cycling r swimming.4. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the ________ (lud) f all. The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me.
解析：考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的 mre effective可知，此处填 than。
解析：考查形容词最高级。根据后面的 f all可知，这里指所有猩猩中喊叫“最大声的”,所以用最高级ludest。
5. (2018·浙江卷)There culd be an even _______ (high) cst n yur health.6. (2017·全国 I ) As a result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing, Even _____ (bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up.
解析：考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词 cst 用形容词，even 表示程度，修饰比较级，故填 higher。
解析：考查副词比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even wrse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。
7. (2017 ·浙江) Sixteen years _______ (early), Pahlssn had remved the diamnd ring t ck a meal.8.(全国I ) If yu feel stressed by respnsibilities at wrk, yu shuld take a step back and identify (识别) thse f ________ (great) and less imprtance.9. (新课标全国I ) Finally, that hard wrk paid ff and nw the water in the river is _______ (clean) than ever.
解析：考查副词比较级。sixteen years earlier 意为“早在16年前”。
解析：考查形容词比较级。根据后面的 and less可知，此处也要用比较级形式。
解析：考查形容词比较级。从后面的 than 可知此处要用比较级，因此要用 cleaner。
10. (广东) After ur plane landed, we went t the htel. We had made ur reservatin six mnths _______ (early), but the man at the frnt desk said there had been a mistake.11. (辽宁)The _______ (hard) yu try t beat him, the mre likely yu will get hit.
解析：考查副词比较级。由 had made可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故用比较级earlier。
解析：考查副词比较级。句意：你越是努力击败他，就越可能被击败。这里是“the+比较级+比较级..”句式，表示“越……就越……”，故填 harder。
考向4 易混淆形容词、副词与特殊结构中的副词
单句语法填空1. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ) On ur way t the huse, it was raining _____ hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take t get there.2. (2017·浙江) Pahlssn screamed _____ ludly that her daughter came running frm the huse.3. (全国 I ) It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshu just befre dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hurs _____________ I’d been at hme in Hng Kng, with its chking smg.
befre/earlier
解析：考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“”意为“如此……以至于……”，固定句型。故填s。
解析：分析句子结构可知，s与后面的 that 构成句型 s... that...意为“如此……以至于……”。s修饰副词 ludly。
解析：由语境可知，几个小时之前我还在香港的家中忍受着那里令人窒息的雾霾。由此可知befre/earlier符合句意。