高考英语一轮复习语法能力突破必备PPT--02冠词与数词

这是一份高考英语一轮复习语法能力突破必备PPT--02冠词与数词，共35页。PPT课件主要包含了考点精析，框架结构图，基本用法，固定搭配，aan的一般用法，the的一般用法，定冠词the，零冠词，不定冠词，aan等内容，欢迎下载使用。

用an的20个元音音素
考点一 不定冠词用法　　英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。主要有下面两种用法:1.表示“一个”,意为ne;指某人或某物,意为a certain。A Mr Liu is waiting fr yu utside.A teacher is a persn wh teaches.An apple falls dwn because f gravity.
2.代表一类人或物。点津:(1)不定冠词a (an)与数词ne 同源,是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前,an则用于元音音素前。注意此处不是指辅音字母和元音字母。(2)不定冠词的其他用法①不定冠词可以用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,使之具体化。这样的物质名词有:rain, snw, fg, wind, drink, cffee, beer, fire, paper等;抽象名词有:success, failure,surprise, pleasure, beauty, wnder, cmfrt, danger, shck等。②knwledge, cllectin, understanding等名词后加f...时,其前常用不定冠词a/an。
③“a mst+形容词”表示“很……,非常……”,mst在此不表示最高级含义,相当于very,而“the+mst+多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式,表示“最……”。Fr a great many men and wmen, rmance can be a mst imprtant part f marriage.It is ne f the mst riginal wrks f imaginatin in the language.
考点二 定冠词用法1.表示特指的人或物,或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物或者指上文已经提到过的人或物。Yesterday Jhn’s father bught him a new bike. The bike cst him 200 yuan.2.用于单数可数名词前, 表示整个类属。I think the telephne was invented befre the car. 3.用于某些形容词、分词前表示一类人/物或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人。The rich will be asked t cntribute mney; the strng t cntribute labur. The Greens said yu wuld travel with them, didn’t they?
4.用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前表示特指。This is the by whse mther is ur Chinese teacher. 5.表示世界上独一无二的事物,如the mn,the sun,the earth,the universe,the wrld,the sky等。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.6.用在序数词、形容词/副词最高级以及形容词nly,very,same等前面。I felt the pressure f being the first wman in the jb.Culd yu give me sme advice n the best way t d this?
点津: 当序数词不表示顺序而表示“又一, 再一”时, 用不定冠词, 如a secnd time意为“再一次; 又一次”。7.用于表示方位、西洋乐器等的名词前,如in the east,in the nrthwest,play the pian等。8.用于表示某世纪/年代/时期或朝代的名词前。He mved t the suth in the sixties. 9.用在表示度量单位的名词前,如by the hur/day/week/mnth/ year/dzen/yard/tn/kil, 但是size/weight/time这类名词跟by连用时不加冠词。I hired the car by the hur.
考点三 与冠词有关的固定搭配1.含不定冠词的固定搭配have a knwledge/an understanding f了解 have a gd view f饱览in a hurry匆忙地 as a result因此 as a rule通常 as a whle总体上as a matter f fact事实上
2.含定冠词的固定搭配make the mst/best f充分利用 in the end最后 by the way顺便说一下　　in the distance在远处 in the way挡道 n the whle总的来说 3.含零冠词的固定搭配at present目前 take part in参加 in peace平静 by chance/accident碰巧n purpse故意n secnd thughts再三考虑 ahead f time提前in advance提前
考向 1表特指的定冠词和表泛指的不定冠词单句语法填空
1. (2023·全国II卷) Nt the pandas, even thugh ____ language used fr the medical training instructins is actually English.2. (2022·全国II卷) ______ Brwn family live in an apartment building utside Trnt.
解析：考查定冠词。句意：不管是熊猫，即使医疗培训说明书上使用的语言实际上是英语。这里特指在医疗培训说明书上使用的语言。故用the。
解析：考查定冠词。此处表示特指布朗一家人，常用the+姓氏，此处位于句首，首字母应该大写。故用The。
3. (2021·全国I卷) While yu’re in China, Munt Huangshan is ____ must t visit!4. (2021·全国II卷) A cmpany representative wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver _____ plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights. 
解析：考查不定冠词。句意：当你在中国游玩的时候，一定要去Munt Huangshan！a must指“一件必须要做的事”。故用a。
解析：考查冠词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，航空公司在每天的1200个航班上都会把塑料杯换成纸杯。此处特指“1,200个航班上使用的塑料杯”，所以用定冠词the。
5. (2019·全国I卷) Of ____ nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six are stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.6. (2019·全国II卷) When we gt a call saying she was shrt-listed, we thught it was ____ jke.
解析：考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
解析：考查不定冠词。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑”可知，此处jke为泛指，故填 a。
7. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ) Crn prductin has jumped nearly 125 percent ver ____ past 25 years, while rice has increased nly 7 percent.8. (2017·全国卷II) This included digging up the rad, laying the track and then building a strng rf ver ____ tp.9. (2017·全国Ⅲ) Instead, she is earning £ 6,500 a day as ____ mdel in New Yrk.
解析：考查定冠词。句意：这包括挖掘道路，铺设轨道，然后在顶部建造坚固的屋顶。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。
解析：考查定冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25 年里。故填 the。
解析：考查不定冠词。句意为：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特每天收入 6,500英镑。用不定冠词 a 表泛指。
考向 2 固定结构中的冠词单句语法填空
1. (2022·全国卷I) Cvering an area abut three times _____ size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.2. (2020·新高考全国卷II) Each vlume in the set explres _____ wide range f material, explains the basic cncepts f majr applicatins f digital systems, 　and discusses the influences they have n everyday life.
解析：考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，此处考查倍数表达法，即为：倍数+ the size f +比较成份，因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。
解析：考查冠词。句意：每一卷在一套探索广泛的材料，解释了数字系统的主要应用的基本概念。a wide range f...“广泛的……”，固定短语。故用a。
3. (2019·全国浙江卷) Everybdy wears _____ same style f clthes.4. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Unexpectedly, I’m face-t-face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at ____ tp f her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pund male appears.
解析：考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填 the。
解析：考查冠词。此处为固定短语 at the tp f，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。
5. (2017·全国卷I ) As ____ result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing.6. (全国 Ⅱ) Give yur bdy and brain a rest by stepping utside fr ___ while, exercising, r ding smething yu enjy.
解析：考查不定冠词。as a result 意为“结果”，是固定搭配。故填a。
解析：考查不定冠词。句意：让你的身体和思想休息一会儿。固定表达 fr a while 一会儿。故填a。
7. (全国II ) The adbe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Puebl Indians f the American Suthwest are admired by even _____ mst mdern f architects and engineers.
解析：考查定冠词。空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，应该填定冠词。故用the。
语法填空(冠词专练)When Michael Jrdan’s feet left ____ grund, time seemed t stand still. ____ player wh became knwn as “Air Jrdan” changed basketball with his graceful mves and jumps. Jrdan’s skills were impressive, but ____ mental strength that he shwed made him unique. In ____ final secnds f ___ game, Jrdan always seemed t find ____ way t win. Jrdan says that ____ secret t his success is learning frm his failures. “I can accept failure; everyne fails at smething. But I can’t accept nt trying.” Lsing games taught him t practise harder and never give up. In life, Jrdan has learnt t share his success with thers. ____ Bys and Girls Club which he started in Chicag has been helping yung peple since 1996.
I came t study in the United States ____ year ag. Yet I did nt knw _____ real American sciety until I was injured in a car accident because after _____ accident I had t see a dctr and g t curt.After the accident, my rmmate called ___ dctr fr me. I was very thankful and decided t repay him ne day. But _____ next day, he asked me t pay him $ 200 fr what he had dne. I was astnished. He had gd reasns t charge me, he said. And if I wanted t cllect mney frm ____ persn wh was respnsible fr my injury, I’d have t have ____ gd lawyer. Nw that he had helped me t find a gd dctr, it was nly fair that I shuld pay him.But every time I went t see _____ dctr, I had t wait abut 50 minutes. He wuld see three r fur patients at _____ same time, and ften stp treating ne s as t see anther. Yet he charged me $ 115 each time. _____ final examinatin reprt nly cntained ten lines, but it cst me $ 215.
A + 谓语 + 倍数词 + as + 形容词或副词原级 + BA + 谓语 + 倍数词 + 形容词或副词比较级 + than + BA + 谓语 + 倍数词 + the size (width, length, vlume等) + f + B
1、基数词表示确切数字时，基数词如hundred, thusand, millin（百万的）, billin（十亿）等只能用单数形式，不能加-s。six thusand eight hundred wrkers 6800名工人3.5 billin years 35亿年前面没有确切数字，表示成百上千，成千上万等，基数词要加-s,此时常与介词f连用。hundreds f sldiers 数百名士兵 thusands f birds 数千只鸟
数词是表示数目和顺序的词。表示数目的词叫基数词，表示顺序的词叫序数词。
(2) dzen（1打，12），scre(20) 等表示确切数字时，不用复数形式，但在表示不确切数字时，要用复数形式，此时和f连用。tw dzen bttles f beer 24瓶啤酒 dzens f times 很多次fur scre and six years 86年 scres f students 很多学生
3、基数词+连字符+名词构成的复合形容词。名词不能变复数。a ten-minute walk 十分钟的步行路程a three-week hliday 为期三周的假期4、基数词可以表示书页，房间，住所等的编号及邮政编码，电话号码等。Page 8 第八页 Line 17 第17行Rm 606 606号房间 Classrm 4 第4教室
5、特殊用法：①表示年龄：逢整"十”的基数词的复数形式可用于表示某人的大约年岁。She is an intelligent wman in her thirties. 她三十多岁，是个聪明的女人。②表示年代：表示在某个世纪的几十年代，用"in the +逢十的基数词的复数"The building was built in the 1820s/1820’s. 那座建筑是在19世纪20年代建的。
1、序数词的形式第一：first；第二：secnd；第三：third；其他表示第几的形式：基数词+th.（特殊变化：fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth)表示几十：变y为i加eth——twentieth.第二十表示几十几：只将个位数变成序数词，十位数不变。twenty-ne——twenty-first.2、序数词的缩写对应的阿拉伯数字加上序数词的最后俩个字母。1st, 2nd, 3rd,80th.
(1 )序数词前要加定冠词the。如:例 1. It's the third time I've been here.(2)表示在原有的基础上增加，即"又一，再一"时，用不定冠词加序数词。如: 例1. Shall I ask her a third time?
① 序数词前已有物主代词或名词所有格时，不能再用冠词：例 1.This is Tm's secnd visit t China.② 表示比赛或考试的名次时，通常省略定冠词：例 1.He was (the) secnd in the English exam.③ 序数词被用作副词时不用冠词：例 1.1 have t finish my hmewrk first.④ 在某些习语中不用冠词，如at first起初；first f all首先；at first sight 乍一看。
序数词不用定冠词的情况
分数由基数词和序数词构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词当分子超过"1”时，分母用复数。 1/3 ne-third 2/3 tw-thirds 3/5 three-fifths特殊表达：1/2 a/ne half 1又二分之一 ne and a half
1、作主语One third f a day has passed, but he hasn’t finished the wrk.一天已经过去三分之一了，但他还没有完成工作。2、作宾语There are many bks recmmended n the list. He chses ne-furth.列表上推荐了很多书，他挑选了四分之一。3、作表语The crp was nly ne-third f the usual amunt that year.那年的收成只是往年产量的三分之一。4、作定语It’s ne-twentieth the thickness f a human hair.它相当于人类发丝的二十分之一那么细。
1、小数的读法小数中小数点读作pint, 小数点后的数字按个位基数词依次读出。6.4 six pint fur 709.06 seven hundred and nine pint zer six2、小数的句法功能作定语：Its ttal industrial utput value was up 5.6 times these years.
1、作主语谓语动词: 取决于所修饰名词的单复数。Ten percent f the pupils are absent tday. 今天有百分之十的学生缺席。2、作宾语The price f bread has gne up by frty percent in tw years.面包的价格在俩年间上涨了百分之四十。3、作定语The March imprt figure made a thirty-seven percent increase ver February.三月的进口数据比二月份增加了百分之三十七。4、作状语I am nt a hundred percent cnfident abut myself.我对自己没有百分之百的信心。5、作表语We all knw that 12 is ne percent f 1200.我们都知道，12是1200的百分之一。
百分数用“基数词+percent” 表示，可以在句中作主语，宾语，定语，状语，表语。
单句语法填空1. (2023年全国甲卷) Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the well-knwn Aesp’s fables date t the _____ (six) century, (2021年全国新高考II卷) In the ________ (seven) grade, I started vlunteering at the Mnterey Bay Aquarium in Califrnia.
解析：考查序数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
解析：考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。
3. (大纲全国Ⅱ) He missed the gld in the high jump, but will get ____ secnd chance in the lng jump.4. (东北师范大学附中模拟) I am still thankful t my uncle fr teaching me t ride a bike n my _______ (nine) birthday.
解析：考查序数词和不定冠词的连用。在序数词前用 a，则表示“再次，还有”之意。
解析：考查序数词。句意：我依旧感谢叔叔在我九岁生日（第九个生日）时教我学会骑自行车。