高中英语牛津译林版 (2020)必修 第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balanceGrammar and usage学案设计

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省略句
知识精讲
概 念
为了避免重复，突出关键词语，并使上下文紧密连接，在句子中有时就省去了一个或几个句子成分。这种语法手段就称为省略。
一、简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语
祈使句中主语的省略
*(Yu) dn't tuch me. 不要碰我。
2. 省略谓语
*Sme f us study English; thers (study) French.
3. 感叹句中的省略
*What a gd time (we had) yesterday! 昨天我们玩得很开心！
4. 特殊疑问句中的省略 (只对所问作针对性的回答)。
—— Which bk d yu want? 你想要哪一本书?
—— The ne n the desk. 书桌上的那本。
二、并列句中的省略
1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。
*Mr. Smith picked up a cin n the rad and (Mr. Smith) handed it t a pliceman. 史密斯先生在路上拾起一枚硬币，并把它交给了一位警察。
2. 若主语不同而其后的助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。
*Jack must have been playing ftball and Mary (must have been) ding her hmewrk. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽在写作业。
3. 若句子中前半句与后半句的主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的谓语成分。
*His apprach t slving the prblem made me happy, but (made) Jim angry. 他的解决该问题的方法使我高兴，但使吉姆愤怒。
4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略后面的主要动词及后续部分。
*I was brn in winter in 1988 and Bb (was brn in winter) in 1987. 我出生于 1988年冬天，鲍勃是 1987 年冬天。
三、复合句中的省略
1. 省略主句
—— Why didn't yu cme t class yesterday? 你昨天为什么没来上课？
—— (I didn't cme t class yesterday) Because I was ill. 因为我生病了。
2. 宾语从句中的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
I believe (that) beauty cmes frm within. 我相信美丽来自内心。
(2)when, where, hw和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
She wants t learn English well, yet she desn't knw hw (she can learn it well)．
她想学好英语，但她不知道怎样才能学好。
3.定语从句中的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whm, which, that可省略(但whm, which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
The man (wh/whm/that) yu want t meet has cme. 你要见的人来了。
(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。
D yu knw the way (that/in which) wrk is measured? 你知道衡量工作的方式吗？
4.状语从句中的省略【高频中的高频】
(1)时间状语从句中的省略
When (she was) very yung, she began t learn t play the vilin.
她很小的时候就开始学习拉小提琴。
(2)条件状语从句中的省略
条件状语从句的省略形式为if necessary, if pssible, if true等。另外unless, as lng as等词或短语后也可用省略形式。
He will cme if (he is) asked.如果叫他来，他就来。
If (it is) necessary, ring me at tw 'clck.
如果有必要，两点给我打电话。
s that, s…that, such…that 引导结果状语从句时，有时可省略that。如：
I am s busy (that) I have n time t write a letter. 我是那样忙，写信的时间都没有。
He was s drunk (that) he culd barely stand. 他喝醉了，勉强能站立。
The girls are s clse (that) they’re like sisters. 女孩们亲如姐妹。
There was such a lt f rain (that) we culdn't g ut. 雨那么大，我们没法出去。
She spke with such sincerity (that) he felt greatly tuched. 她说得那样诚恳，他深受感动。
(3)让步状语从句中的省略
He is a gd man, thugh smetimes (he is) rather dull.
他是个好人，尽管有时很无聊。
(4)比较状语从句中的省略
as, than等引出的比较大状语从句通常省略谓语。如：
I knw yu better than he (des). 我比他更了解你。
He is as quick in answering as his sister (is). 他回答得和他妹妹一样快。
He answers as quickly as his sister (des). 他回答得和他妹妹一样快。
He is nt s / as quick in answering as his sister (is). 他回答得不如他妹妹那样快。
His sister is quicker than he (is). 他妹妹比他敏捷。
He mves mre slwly than his sister (des). 他行动起来比他妹妹慢。
(5)方式状语从句中的省略
as if/as thugh后还可加形容词/副词/介词短语/动词的-ing形式/动词的-ed形式/动词不定式。
She talked as if (she was) absent-minded.
她谈话似乎心不在焉。
四、动词不定式的省略
1．当不定式在形容词afraid, anxius, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，t后的内容常省略。
Yu can't frce him t answer the questin if he's nt ready t (answer the questin)．
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
2．某些使役动词如：make, let, have等和感官动词如：see, watch, ntice, bserve, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略t，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则t不省略。
We ften hear her sing an English sng in the classrm.
→She is ften heard t sing an English sng in the classrm.(被动语态)
我们经常听见她在教室里唱英语歌。
3．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号t。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不省略t。
①He likes t swim mre than (t) skate. 比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。
②He believes it imprtant t study rather than t play cmputer games.(比较)
他认为最重要的是学习而不是玩电脑游戏。
4．当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree, affrd, expect, frget, hpe, knw, manage, pretend, remember, refuse, want, wish, wuld like等。
I asked him t see the film, but he didn't want t (see the film)．我请他看电影，但是他不想去。
5．介词but, except(除了)前有实义动词d的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带t。
All he culd d was nthing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等等看。
6．当不定式在be ging t, be able t, have t, ught t, used t后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。
They dn't g shpping as much as they used t (g shpping)．他们不像过去那样经常去购物了。
注意：
(1)省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，t后要保留原形的have或be。
(2)类似这样用法的还有动词短语be ging t, be abut t, be suppsed t, have t, used t及形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等。
①He didn't cme, but he ught t have (cme)． 他没来，但他应该来。
②—Are yu a farmer? ——你是个农民吗？
—N, but I used t be (a farmer)． ——不是，但我过去是。
五、介词的省略
1. 一些常和动词、名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见句型有：spend/waste time (in) ding, lse n time (in) ding, have difficulty/truble (in) ding, be busy (in) ding, stp/prevent sb (frm) ding 等。
*The heavy rain prevented him (frm) arriving there n time. 大雨使得他没能准时到达那里。
2. 表示时间的介词at, n 和 in用在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tmrrw, every, each, sme, all 等词之前，一般都要省略；用在一段时间状语之前的 fr 也可省略（否定句中不能省略 fr）
*We have been here (fr) three weeks. 我们在这儿已待了三周了。
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
一、单项选择
1．If ________t lk after luggage fr smene else, infrm the plice at nce.
A．askB．askingC．askedD．t ask
2．With a smiling r sad face _______t a message, yur reader can see yur facial expressin while ________ yur wrds.
A．add; being readB．t add; readC．added; readingD．adding; t read
3．I wuld like t talk with yu abut this issue. Culd yu spare a few minutes ______?
A．if necessaryB．if pssibleC．if sD．if any
4．When entering the ffice, ____.
A．Rger was fund sitting at a deskB．we fund Rger seated at a desk
C．Rger was fund sat at a deskD．it was we wh fund Rger seat at a desk
5．______ is mentined abve, thse wh lack wrking experience are likely t be turned dwn when ______ fr a pst.
A．It, applyingB．As, applyingC．It, appliedD．What, applying
6．I hpe all the precautins against air pllutin, _____ suggested by lcal gvernment, will be seriusly cnsidered here.
A．whileB．sinceC．afterD．as
7．When ________ the French and German versins f the Mzart musical, students cncluded that the French ne is mre clrfully displayed and ges n mre light-spiritedly.
A．cmpareB．t cmpareC．cmparedD．cmparing
8．The clth ________ easily if ________ n a table.
A．measures; spreadingB．measures; spread
C．has been measured; spreadD．is measured; spreade
9．Once ________abve 100 centigrade, water can becme vapur.
A．heatingB．heatedC．t heatD．t be heated
10．We culd have sme tests t see what, ________, is wrng, and see whether we can d smething t fix it.
A．when necessaryB．thugh enugh
C．if anythingD．as pssible
11．While watching televisin, __________.
A．the drbell rangB．the drbell rings
C．we heard the drbell ringD．we heard drbell rings
12． _____ accrding t the instructins, the rbt can behave like a human being with average IQ.
A．When t perateB．When perating
C．When t be peratedD．When perated
13． If ______ in wet sand, the vegetables can ______ fresh fr a lng time.
A．being buried; remainB．buried; remain
C．buried; be remainedD．burying; remain
14．—Have yu been t the Great Wall?
—Perhaps nt in my memry; ________, it might have been during the early childhd.
A．if anyB．if s
C．if everD．if nt
15．While ______ himself in the newspaper in a cafe, he gt his pcket picked.
A．having buriedB．buried
C．buryingD．t be buried
16．— Wuld yu please jin us in this cmputer game?
— Thank yu, but I’d rather________.
A．nt tB．nt jinC．nt dD．nt
17．Electrnic devices such as iPds and headphnes can d great harm t ur hearing if _______ imprperly.
A．being usedB．usedC．t be usedD．having been used
18．She is always thinking mre f herself, seldm, ________, ffering t help thers.
A．if neverB．if pssible
C．if everD．if any
19． While the dg, yu shuld take care nt t Otherwise, it may be dangerus t strangers.
A．walking; get it lse
B．walk; be lse
C．walking fr; get it lse
D．train; get it run
20．Thugh _______ time, he managed t finish the task n time.
A．lackedB．lack fC．lackingD．lacking fr
21．If _____ fr an explanatin fr an advanced camera, I wuld certainly find it difficult.
A．t be askedB．being askedC．askingD．asked
22．When _____ Chinese culture with ther cultures, we ften pay attentin nly t the differences withut nticing the many similarities.
A．cmparedB．being cmpared
C．cmparingD．having cmpared
23．If ___________, I will g t her birthday party.
A．invited meB．inviting
C．invitedD．be invited
24．–Alice, I have heard Tny will g abrad tmrrw.
–Really? , let’s g t see him ff at the airprt tgether.
A．If ntB．If any
C．If sD．If sme
25．Making a silly mistake at a jb interview is smetimes very embarrassing, but if ________, it may becme a driving frce.
A．prperly handledB．prperly handling
C．yu prperly handledD．yu prperly handling
26．When __________, the factry will prvide new jbs fr graduates.
A．builtB．is built
C．has builtD．will be built
27． in a pr family, he became ne f the greatest writers in the wrld.
A．As brnB．That is
C．Wh isD．Althugh brn
28．Hwever frequently , the wrks f Shakespeare always attract many peple.
A．perfrmedB．perfrmingC．being perfrmedD．t be perfrmed
29．— I hear Petersn was badly injured in the accident.
— , let’s g and see him.
A．What’s mreB．If sC．If pssibleD．When necessary
30．—Bb, lk what yu have dne! Yu ruined the experiment.
—It’s nt my fault. I just carried ut the instructins _____.
A．as tldB．as telling meC．as tellingD．as I tld
31． When ______ help, ne ften says “Thank yu.” r “It’s kind f yu.”
A．fferingB．t fferC．t be fferedD．ffered
32．Mary said that nce ________ him yu wuld like him and make friends with him.
A．meetB．t meetC．meetingD．met
33．Thugh _____ in the accident, the bus driver did all he culd t help the passengers t safety.
A．injuringB．injuredC．t injureD．having injured
34．He dressed up and went t the party as if_____.
A．was invitedB．had been invitedC．t be invitedD．invited
35． --- Will yu waste yur time and mney n that? --- Certainly ________.
A．I ntB．dn’tC．ntD．n
题组B 能力提升练
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
36．When ________(study) these, he asked himself the questin f hw different species ________ (cme) t exist.
37．Thugh________(lack) mney, his parents managed t send him t university fr further study.
38．Althugh _______ (strike) by the snwballs in the face, I felt extremely excited in the snwball playing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39．Make sure that yu wear prper clthes when ________ (exercise).
40．When ________ (questin), she said that she hadn’t set a gal yet.
41．If ______ (give) anther chance, I culd d it better.
42．When______________ (face) with difficulties，we must try t vercme them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
43．If ______________ (give) better attentin，the serius accident culd have been avided. (所给词的适当形式填空)
44．When_________(visit) this city, yu’ll find that there are s many surprises waiting fr yu t discver. (所给词的适当形式填空)
45．The advisr talked abut maintaining reasnable expectatins when ________(study) abrad.(所给词的适当形式填空)
46．Always make yur presentatin just a bit shrter than ________(anticipate).
47．When ________ (heat), water can be changed int steam. (所给词的适当形式填空)
48．As ________(plan), the meeting will be held next mnth. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49．The medicine is quite effective if ________(take) n time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
50．If ________(necessity), I’ll finish my reprt n American petry as sn as it is pssible.
51．When________ (wrk) fr my previus cmpany, I succeeded in raising the yearly sales vlume (销售额) by 25%.
52．It shames me t say it, but I tld a lie when________(questin) at the meeting by my bss.
53．When first________(intrduce) t the market, these prducts enjyed great success. (所给词的适当形式填空)
54．He lked abut as if________(search) fr smething.
55．The letter is t be left here until________（call）fr.
56．While________（listen）t the radi, she fell asleep.
57．When________（heat）, water is turned int vapur.
58．There are sme health prblems that, when _________（treat）in time, can becme bigger nes later n.
59．Once________(see)，it will never be frgtten.
60．When ________（give）a physical examinatin, yu shuld keep calm.
61．Whaley recalls（回想起）hw at the beginning f the year, when________（call）upn t read, Chris wuld excuse himself t g t the bathrm.
62．While________（walk）the dg, yu were careless and it gt lse and was hit by a car.
63．These pills will help yu_________(calmly) dwn when yu feel yu are explding with anger. (所给词的适当形式填空)
64．When deeply _____(bury) in wrk, he always frgets all abut eating and sleeping. (所给词的适当形式填空)
65．Harriet Stwe, mther f six, wrte parts f Uncle Tm’s Cabin while_________（ck）.
66．While_________(wrk), I realized hw hard it was t wrk in the fields under a ht sun.
67．She went n wrking thugh________(blame)by the manager.
68．When________（ask） what he had dne,Jhn just kept silent.
69．I wn’t g t his birthday party even if________（invite）t.
70．While________（cmpete）with her, he hurt his leg.
71．Lk ut fr cars when________（crss）the street.
72．When _________ (expse) t light, ptates will turn green. (所给词的适当形式填空)
73．The experiment shws that prper amunts f exercise, if ________ (carry) ut regularly, can imprve ur health. (所给词的适当形式填空)
74．Anyne, nce ________ (test) psitive fr H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment frm ur gvernment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
75．— Will yu g t Jhn’s party this Friday?
— Of curse nt, even if ________ (invite). (所给词的适当形式填空)
76．Once __________ (addict) t nline games, teenagers are harmed bth physically and mentally. (所给词的适当形式填空)
77．It is s cld that yu can' t g utside unless fully ________ (cver) in thick clthes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
78．When _________(cmpare) with the size f the whle earth, the highest muntain des nt seem high at all. (所给词的适当形式填空）
79．Thugh ___________(lack) mney, his parents managed t send him t a university. (所给词的适当形式填空)
80．Mike mves ver as if_______________（make) rm fr Tny. (所给词的适当形式填空）
81．While________(walk) in the park yesterday, I met my ld friend.（用所给单词适当形式填空）
82．Once ______（see）, it can never be frgtten. (所给词的适当形式填空）
83．Many frms f cancer can be cured if______(detect) early. (所给词的适当形式填空)
84．While ______（walk）the dg, I was careless and it gt lse and was hit by a running car. (所给词的适当形式填空）
85．I wn’t g t attend her party even if ______（invite）. (所给词的适当形式填空）
三、完成句子
86．使用筷子时，你最好注意手指的协调性。(省略句)
Yu'd better pay attentin t the crdinatin f yur fingers ________．
87．公园里有很多餐厅，提供各种美味的食物，你甚至可以边吃边看鱼儿游过。(while省略句)
The park has plenty f restaurants with tasty fd fr every appetite — yu can even eat ________________ swim by.
88．我用我的摄影作品来影响人们，尤其是在谈及环境问题时。
I use my phtgraphy t make an impact n peple, especially when ________ ________ ________ ________.
89．一旦看到，就永远不会忘记。
Once________(see), it will never be frgtten.
90．记笔记的时候，记得不要被一些无关紧要的东西所吸引。
While ______ ______, remember nt t be ______ by sme unnecessary items.
91．无论下雨还是晴天，比赛照常举行。
________ ________ ________ ________, the game will be held as scheduled.
92．电子设备如手机、耳机，如果使用不当会对我们的听力造成极大的伤害。
Electrnic devices such as cell phnes and headphnes can d great harm t ur hearing _________ _________ __________.
93．根据这项调查，50%的病人没有遵照指示服药。
Accrding t the survey, 50 percent f the patients d nt take drugs ________ ________.
94．Remve any clthes using scissrs ________ ________, unless yu see the fabric ________ t the burnt skin.
如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘结在一起。
95．电子设备，如耳机，如果使用不当会对我们的听力造成极大的伤害。
Electrnic devices such as headphnes can d great harm t ur hearing ________ ________ ________.
题组C 培优拔尖练
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Easy Ways t Build Vcabulary
It's nt all that hard t build an advanced and large vcabulary. Like many things in life, it's ___96___nging prcess, and the best part f the prcess is that there's enugh rm fr imprvement, ___97___means yu'll just keep getting better and better. Of curse yu have t wrk at it. Yu wuldn't think that a few ___98___(mnth) f exercise in yur teens wuld be enugh ___99___ the rest f yur life, and that's als true fr building yur vcabulary--yu have t keep at it daily, and pretty sn yu will find that yu have an excellent vcabulary.
One f the ___100___(effect) ways t build vcabulary is t read gd bks. Yu need t ___101___(real) read at least ne gd bk a week, preferably a classic. This isn't as hard as it ___102___(sund), and it is far better than any ther methd because yu imprve yur vcabulary while ___103___(read) an interesting piece f literature. Anther nice thing is that yu learn bth new wrds and ___104___(they) use uncnsciusly, meaning that yu will tend t use the wrds ___105___(learn) this way in cnversatins almst autmatically.