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牛津译林版 (2020)必修 第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balanceProject精品学案及答案
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这是一份牛津译林版 (2020)必修 第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balanceProject精品学案及答案，文件包含23ExtendedReadingProject学生版-高一英语同步精品讲义译林版必修第三册docx、23ExtendedReadingProject教师版-高一英语同步精品讲义译林版必修第三册docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共33页， 欢迎下载使用。
知识精讲
知识点01 目标词汇
1.shck n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动；休克 vt. 使震惊；使气愤
原文：Yes. That mrning, I turned n the TV fr sme lcal news, nly t hear that a hurricane was n its way. As yu can imagine, it was a bit f a shck.
【词块积累】
(1)shcked adj.感到震惊的
be shcked by/at...对……感到震惊
be shcked t d sth. 因做某事而感到震惊
be shcked that...对……感到震惊
(2)shcking adj.令人震惊的
【链接高考】
(2020·天津高考) Jnes was shcked when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated.
当她说她真不在意被欺骗时, 琼斯非常震惊。
（2017北京卷）At first, n ne mved. The girls were in shck. Then the sftball cach shuted ut, ＂Des anyne knw CPR?＂起初，没有人动。 女孩们都惊呆了。 垒球教练喊道:“有谁会心肺复苏吗?”
（2017北京卷）Tw mre ran t get the schl nurse, wh brught a defibrillatr, an electrnic device(器械) that can shck the heart back int wrk.
还有两名学生跑去找学校护士，护士带来了一个除颤器，一种可以电击心脏的电子设备。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
1.Jnes was __________(shck) when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated.(2020·天津)
2.I was shcked _________(hear) his reactin n the disaster.
3.The ending f this play is very __________(shck).
4.这个消息让会上的人们很是震惊。
①The news made ________________________________________________.
②The peple at the meeting ____________________________________.
2.scare vt. &vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓
原文：The strng wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, 大风和大雨并没有吓到我, (教材P20)
【词块积累】
(1) 把……吓跑
scare sb. int ding sth. 恐吓某人做某事
(2)scared adj.害怕的，吓坏了的
(be) scared t death吓得要死
be scared t d sth. 害怕/不敢做某事
be scared f sb. /sth. 害怕某人/某事
(3)scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的
【链接高考】
(2020·浙江高考) Smetimes lud nises like these will scare bears ff. 有时, 这样大的噪音会把熊吓走了。
（2014安徽卷）But befre she asked farmer t g t the truble f setting up beehives n their farms, she needed t find ut if the bees wuld scare elephants away.
但在她要求农民在他们的农场上设置蜂箱之前，她需要弄清楚蜜蜂是否会吓跑大象。
（2014福建卷）He said he was just t scared t g up t her. 他说他只是太害怕了，不敢去找她。
（2013陕西卷）Scared and alne, Jshua ne day makes friends with a little muse he calls Bethlehem wh becmes his clsest friend. 一天，又害怕又孤独的约书亚和一只他叫伯利恒的小老鼠交朋友，这只老鼠成了他最亲密的朋友。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
= 1 \* GB3 ①They will __________________ small birds.
它们会把小鸟吓跑。
②He lks _____________ but he's really a gentle giant.
他看上去可怕，实际却是个性格温和的巨人。
③Kelly ____________________ she wuld nt be able t g very far.
凯莉怕她走不了多远。
3.pwer /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n. 电，电力；权力；政权；控 制力；能力；能量；力量
原文：The strng wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, but I was quite frightened during the pwer failure.
【词块积累】
in pwer当权
cme t pwer上台
beynd ne’s pwer某人力所不能及
(2) pwerful adj.效能高的；强有力的；强壮的
【链接高考】
（2021天津卷）The patient is left with the pwer t chse what he wants t talk abut.
病人有权利选择他想要说什么。
（2020新课标卷I）Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源)--such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway--a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输). 照明用电约占美国总用电的7%。由于照明通常离电源很远——比如从发电厂到偏远公路上的路灯的距离——在传输过程中会损失很多能量。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
1.Hw lng has the party been ___________ s far?
到目前为止，这个政党当权多长时间了？
2.Culd yu tell me when the man ___________________?
你能告诉我这个人是什么时候上台的吗？
3.It’s really ___________ my pwer t keep my head in that situatin.
我这次真的没有能力在那种情况下保持冷静。
4.The fficial is the mst _____________(pwer) man in this cunty.
4.run ut f 用完, 用尽
原文：Were yu afraid f running ut f supplies?
你是不是担心补给品用光了？
【词块积累】
run acrss 偶然遇见
run after 追捕；追求
run away frm ... 逃离……
run int 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到（困难等）
run fr 竞选
run thrugh 浏览；快速穿越……
【链接高考】
(2019·天津高考) We’ve all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life’s halfway mark.
我们都知道那些在到达生命的中途之前就没有动力的人。
【词义辨析】run ut f/run ut/use up/give ut
【跟踪典例】完成句子
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I her in the public library yesterday.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Our fd is . Will yu g t the supermarket t buy sme?
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Yu just cannt always yur duty while faced with difficulty.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Fd supplies in the fld-stricken area are .We must act immediately befre there’s nne left.
5.dnate vt. 捐赠，赠送；献（血），捐献（器官）
原文：Luckily, many peple came t help, dnating fd and clthes t charities.
幸运的是，许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。
【词块积累】
(1) dnate sth. t...向……捐赠某物
(2) dnatin n.捐赠；捐赠物；捐款
give/make a dnatin t...向……捐赠
(3) dnr n.捐赠者
【链接高考】
（2021天津卷）We prvide full furnishings, like dnated kitchen equipment and furniture items, fr the new hmes f peple wh were nce hmeless.
我们为曾经无家可归的人提供全套家具，比如捐赠的厨房设备和家具。
（2019北京卷）Mre wants t use her unique talent t help thers find their smiles. She dnates 10% f AilicCandy's prfits t Big Smiles.
摩尔想用她独特的才能帮助别人找到笑容。 她将AilicCandy 10%的利润捐给了Big Smiles。
（2016北京卷）Vlunteers came with carlads f dnated clthing and tys.
志愿者们带来了一车捐赠的衣服和玩具。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
= 1 \* GB3 ①I think it wuld be better t ___________________ a temprary shelter fr the hmeless.
我觉得把钱捐给无家可归者的临时收容所更好。
②Wuld yu like t ___________________ ur charity appeal?
你愿意响应我们慈善团体呼吁来捐物吗？
6.curius adj. 好奇的；奇特的，有求知欲的
原文：She was curius t see hw much water there was utside. 她很想看看外面有多少水。
【词块积累】
(1)be curius abut sth. 对某事好奇
be curius t d sth. 好奇地做某事
(2)curiusly adv.好奇地
(3)curisity n.好奇心
ut f curisity出于好奇
with curisity＝curiusly好奇地
【链接高考】
（2020天津卷）Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?” 像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问: “为什么?为什么? 为什么？”
（2020天津卷）She was curius abut hw the experts did it. 她很好奇专家们是如何做到的。
（2016北京卷）Hwever, when smething did interest me, I culd becme absrbed. In high schl, I became curius abut the cmputer, and built my first website. 然而，当我对某件事感兴趣时，我就会全神贯注。 高中的时候，我对电脑很好奇，于是建立了我的第一个网站。
（2014新课标卷I）Students are being dared t draw a picture, write an article, take a pht r write a pem that shws what they are curius abut.
学生敢画一幅画，写一篇文章，拍一张照片或写一首诗来表达他们的好奇心。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
1.We were curius ___________(knw) hw he culd keep his head in that situatin.
2.When the ld man was making the kite，the children were watching _______ (curius).
3.Filled with ____________(curius)，the artist packed his bags and left.
4.出于好奇，小女孩打开了那个小盒子。
① ___________________，the little girl pened the little bx.(curisity)
②The little girl pened the little bx because ____________________.(curius)
7.break ut突然开始；爆发
原文：The cries f wmen brke ut; the men lked at each ther, but were silent.
女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。
【词块积累】
break dwn 出故障; 关系破裂，分解; 奔溃; 拆除;破除（障碍或偏见）
break ut 爆发，突然发生
break up （关系）破裂，分手，中止，打碎
break thrugh （取得）突破，冲破
break ff 突然停止
break f 放弃，改掉（习惯）
break int 闯入
【链接高考】
（2018北京卷）Researchers in Spain and England recently fund that the wrms f the greater wax mth can break dwn plyethylene, which accunts fr 40% f plastics.
西班牙和英格兰的研究人员最近发现，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以分解占塑料40%的聚乙烯。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①It's taken a lng time t __________________ f my wn cnventinal training.
摆脱我自己的传统训练花了很长一段时间。
②They _______________ s that Jack can use the phne.
他们闯入了一间办公室，因为杰克需要使用电话。
= 3 \* GB3 ③Is it difficult fr an Asian entertainer t _______________ the United States?
对于一个亚洲艺人来说，想要冲出重围在美国打下一片天地是不是困难的事？
知识点02 重点句型
1.The hurricane must have caused lt f damage and suffering. 飓风一定造成了很大的损失和痛苦。
【句式分析】
此句中含有must have dne结构。must have dne表示对过去所发生事情的肯定推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，仅用于肯定句中。如：
The rad is wet. It must have rained last night. 路面是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。
Yu must have gne t bed late last night. Yur eyes are red. 你昨晚准是睡觉晚了，你的眼睛都红了。
补充 must表示推测时的常用结构:
must d 表示对现在动作的肯定推测
must be ding 表示对正在进行动作的肯定推测
must have dne 表示对过去动作的肯定推测
其他的类似结构：
shuld have dne sth. 过去本该做某事但没有做。
shuldn’t have dne sth. 过去本不该做而做了。
might/might nt have dne 可能做过/可能没做过
culd have dne...(肯定句)表示“本能够做……但没有做……”
needn’t have dne...不需要做……但是做了……
must have dne 过去一定做了
culdn’t have dne...不可能做过……
may have dne sth. 或许做了某事。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
1.Yu ______________________ at hme last Sunday，but yu didn’t.
上周日你本该待在家里的， 但是你没有。
2.Yu are sleepy. Yu _____________________ t bed late last night.
你在打瞌睡。你昨晚肯定睡得很晚。
3.We ____________________ the match，but we were t careless.
我们本可以赢得比赛， 但是我们太粗心了。
4.Yu _________________________ s much fd，fr there’s a lt in the fridge.
你本不需要买那么多食物的，因为冰箱里有很多。
能力拓展
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
一、根据汉语意思填写单词
1．She rushed ________(下楼) and burst int the kitchen.
2．The heat was becming ________(难以忍受的).
3．We usually measure____________ (距离) in miles r kilmeters.
4．He is very __________（好奇的）abut new envirnment.
5．The peple trapped by the fire in this building must be ________ (营救) as sn as pssible.
6．My parents lent me the mney. ________(不然), I culdn't have affrded the trip.
7．After reaching yur_____________（目的地），yu will have a day t explre and be amazed by this ancient city.
8．My parents’ encuragement gave me the________ (力量) t vercme the difficulty and mve n.
9．If pipes crack, water culd ________(淹没) the whle huse.
10．In 2020, he started his business by ________(供应) fd t peple fighting against the virus.
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
11．When she packed her suitcase befre heading t Wuhan, her daughter was ________(scare) t tears.
12．The students were ________ (curisity) abut the peple wh lived upstairs.
13．The wrld seems smaller and ________ (distant) desn’t matter.
14．The letter wasn’t addressed t him, but he pened it ut f _________ (curius).
15．The by made a sudden actin t_________(scary)the dg away.
16．He did a training curse t ______ (sharp) his skills.
17．We __________ (run) ut f gas, s we’d better stp at the next gas statin t fill up.
18．(2019·全国II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene declared she had n plans __________(retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
19．The plice fund that the huse ________(break) int and a lt f things stlen.
20．In Glasgw city centre, they were ________ (shck)t find tw plicemen standing next t it.
21．I kept cming up with slutins, but nne wrked. My fatigue(疲惫) became almst ________ (bear).
22．Vlcanic ash shwered dwn n the twn after the ________ (erupt).
23．As a matter f fact, Tm had run ut ________ mney by the end f last week. （用适当的词填空）
24．He lked a little ________ (scare) t meet us, but started t smile shyly after my mm hugged him.
25．Besides, we made a ________ (dnate) f 120, 000 yuan t yu , expecting that it can help yu get thrugh the difficulties.
26．He stpped and lked arund as if ________ (see) whether he went in the right directin.
27．When the Spring Festival was drawing near, a terrible disease brke ________ all arund the wrld.
28．Peple gathered rund, curius ________ (knw) what was happening.
29．________the distance, they heard the sund f falling rfs.
30．________her relief, everyne was safe.
题组B 能力提升练
三、阅读理解
Over the last tw days in December last year, nearly 30 trnades caused great damage acrss six states—frm Arkansas in the suth t Illinis in the midwest. Mre than 100 trnad warnings were issued—the mst ever fr a day. The trnad in Kentucky caused at least 50 peple’s deaths, which was described as the wrst in this state’s histry.
As ne f the largest cuntries in the wrld, the United States is als ne f the mst gegraphically varius cuntries—frm deserts t frests t miles f cast line. While this cmes with many advantages, it unfrtunately leaves the cuntry easily damaged by all kinds f natural disasters.
Different parts f the United States face different types f natural disasters. The west cast is at risk f wildfires, earthquakes, and even vlcanic eruptins. The suthern part f the cuntry is frequently hit by trnades, and the east cast faces the threat f serius hurricanes every year. Midwestern areas near rivers are ften flded by huge flds, and these are the wrst flds in American histry.
The gvernments reviewed the weather event in each state’ s histry that caused the highest number f deaths t determine the wrst natural disaster in every state, Thanks t their lcatin and gegraphic research, sme states made preparatins ahead f time t avid mass-casualty (重大伤亡的) weather events.
Hwever, many ther parts f the cuntry have been less frtunate, experiencing massive strms and flds. Many such events, like the 1900 hurricane that hit Galvestn f Texas, killed s many peple that it was impssible t get an exact number f final deaths, especially during that time.
American weather cntinues t becme mre changeable. In 2018, there were 14 weather events that caused ver $ 1 billin in damage. And in many parts f the cuntry, these weather events culd becme even mre destructive (毁灭性的) because f glbal warming.
31．What d we knw frm the figures in paragraph 1?
A．America suffered frm serius natural disasters.
B．Trnades were the greatest threat t Americans.
C．The trnad in Kentucky was the wrst in America.
D．Less and less natural disasters hit America.
32．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The wrst flds in American histry.
B．The earthquakes in the west cast f US.
C．The hurricanes alng the east cast f US.
D．The natural disasters in different parts f US.
33．Which f the fllwing can best describe American’s weather in the future?
A．Cntrllable.B．Unchangeable.C．Wrrying.D．Pleasant.
34．What may be the best title fr the text?
A．A Serius Trnad in KentuckyB．A Weather Reprt frm the US
C．Trnades Causing Great DamageD．Cmmn Natural Disasters in the US
题组C 培优拔尖练
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The authr ___35___ (travel) n the Lndn Tube. It is very ht and the temperature utside will be ver 30 degrees. He feels awful. It is even ___36___ (ht) inside the train than utside, and the authr thinks he is melting and becming ne with the passenger next ___37___ him. Thinking that Lndn will prbably get htter, the authr feels a bit ___38___ (scare). ___39___ (prepare) fr the future, he thinks he shuld put his flat n the ___40___ and buy a bat. Then speak with his manager abut mving t the tp flr and learn t swim s as t survive even when the tall buildings ___41___ (fld). In the newspaper, there are reprts f ___42___ (nature) disasters arund the wrld ___43___ (cause) by climate change, _____44_____ makes the authr feel nervus. Ging utside, the authr feels refreshed and realises he has been wrrying t much.
目标词汇
1. ________n.补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供
2. ________n.全体职工；管理人员 vt.在……工作，任职于
3. ________n.洪水，水灾；大量 vt.&vi.(被)淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满
4. ________adv.否则，不然；除此以外
5. ________vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到
6. ________n.目的地，终点
7. ________adv.在(或向)较远处；在另一边
prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
8. ________n.图案，花样；模式；范例；模型
9. ________n.&vt.救援，营救，抢救
10. ________vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(建造于)
11．________ n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊；使气愤→________ adj.令人震惊的→_______ adj.震惊的
12．_____ vt.&vi.惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓→______ adj.害怕的→______ adj.恐怖的，吓人的
13．______ n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量→______ adj.强大的
14．______ vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→_______ n．捐赠
15．______adj.好奇的；奇特的→______ n．好奇心→______ adv.好奇地
16．______vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生→______ n．爆发
17．______ n．进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进→_____n．出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口；输出
18．______ adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→_______ adj.可以忍受的→______ vt.忍受
19．______ n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→______ adj.遥远的
20．______ adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→______ adv.急剧地；锋利地→________ vt.使锋利
目标短语
1. ________用完；耗尽
2. ________呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
3. ________突然开始；爆发
4. ________到处，各处
5. ________详细地
6. ________涌入
7. ________和……一起
8. ________朝着四面八方
9. ________最重要的是
10. ________在远处
句型
must have dne结构
易混词组
区别
run ut
意为“用完，耗尽”时，为不及物动词短语,其主语一般为物，其后不可以接宾语，也不用被动
run ut f
意为“用完，耗尽”，为及物动词短语，其主语一般为人，其后要接宾语
give ut
意为“耗尽，用完”，为不及物动词短语，其主语通常是物
use up
意为“用光，用完”，为及物动词短语，其后可接宾语，可用于被动语态
知识精讲
知识点01 目标词汇
1.shck n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动；休克 vt. 使震惊；使气愤
原文：Yes. That mrning, I turned n the TV fr sme lcal news, nly t hear that a hurricane was n its way. As yu can imagine, it was a bit f a shck.
【词块积累】
(1)shcked adj.感到震惊的
be shcked by/at...对……感到震惊
be shcked t d sth. 因做某事而感到震惊
be shcked that...对……感到震惊
(2)shcking adj.令人震惊的
【链接高考】
(2020·天津高考) Jnes was shcked when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated.
当她说她真不在意被欺骗时, 琼斯非常震惊。
（2017北京卷）At first, n ne mved. The girls were in shck. Then the sftball cach shuted ut, ＂Des anyne knw CPR?＂起初，没有人动。 女孩们都惊呆了。 垒球教练喊道:“有谁会心肺复苏吗?”
（2017北京卷）Tw mre ran t get the schl nurse, wh brught a defibrillatr, an electrnic device(器械) that can shck the heart back int wrk.
还有两名学生跑去找学校护士，护士带来了一个除颤器，一种可以电击心脏的电子设备。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
1.Jnes was __________(shck) when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated.(2020·天津)
2.I was shcked _________(hear) his reactin n the disaster.
3.The ending f this play is very __________(shck).
4.这个消息让会上的人们很是震惊。
①The news made ________________________________________________.
②The peple at the meeting ____________________________________.
2.scare vt. &vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓
原文：The strng wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, 大风和大雨并没有吓到我, (教材P20)
【词块积累】
(1) 把……吓跑
scare sb. int ding sth. 恐吓某人做某事
(2)scared adj.害怕的，吓坏了的
(be) scared t death吓得要死
be scared t d sth. 害怕/不敢做某事
be scared f sb. /sth. 害怕某人/某事
(3)scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的
【链接高考】
(2020·浙江高考) Smetimes lud nises like these will scare bears ff. 有时, 这样大的噪音会把熊吓走了。
（2014安徽卷）But befre she asked farmer t g t the truble f setting up beehives n their farms, she needed t find ut if the bees wuld scare elephants away.
但在她要求农民在他们的农场上设置蜂箱之前，她需要弄清楚蜜蜂是否会吓跑大象。
（2014福建卷）He said he was just t scared t g up t her. 他说他只是太害怕了，不敢去找她。
（2013陕西卷）Scared and alne, Jshua ne day makes friends with a little muse he calls Bethlehem wh becmes his clsest friend. 一天，又害怕又孤独的约书亚和一只他叫伯利恒的小老鼠交朋友，这只老鼠成了他最亲密的朋友。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
= 1 \* GB3 ①They will __________________ small birds.
它们会把小鸟吓跑。
②He lks _____________ but he's really a gentle giant.
他看上去可怕，实际却是个性格温和的巨人。
③Kelly ____________________ she wuld nt be able t g very far.
凯莉怕她走不了多远。
3.pwer /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n. 电，电力；权力；政权；控 制力；能力；能量；力量
原文：The strng wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, but I was quite frightened during the pwer failure.
【词块积累】
in pwer当权
cme t pwer上台
beynd ne’s pwer某人力所不能及
(2) pwerful adj.效能高的；强有力的；强壮的
【链接高考】
（2021天津卷）The patient is left with the pwer t chse what he wants t talk abut.
病人有权利选择他想要说什么。
（2020新课标卷I）Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源)--such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway--a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输). 照明用电约占美国总用电的7%。由于照明通常离电源很远——比如从发电厂到偏远公路上的路灯的距离——在传输过程中会损失很多能量。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
1.Hw lng has the party been ___________ s far?
到目前为止，这个政党当权多长时间了？
2.Culd yu tell me when the man ___________________?
你能告诉我这个人是什么时候上台的吗？
3.It’s really ___________ my pwer t keep my head in that situatin.
我这次真的没有能力在那种情况下保持冷静。
4.The fficial is the mst _____________(pwer) man in this cunty.
4.run ut f 用完, 用尽
原文：Were yu afraid f running ut f supplies?
你是不是担心补给品用光了？
【词块积累】
run acrss 偶然遇见
run after 追捕；追求
run away frm ... 逃离……
run int 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到（困难等）
run fr 竞选
run thrugh 浏览；快速穿越……
【链接高考】
(2019·天津高考) We’ve all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life’s halfway mark.
我们都知道那些在到达生命的中途之前就没有动力的人。
【词义辨析】run ut f/run ut/use up/give ut
【跟踪典例】完成句子
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I her in the public library yesterday.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Our fd is . Will yu g t the supermarket t buy sme?
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Yu just cannt always yur duty while faced with difficulty.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Fd supplies in the fld-stricken area are .We must act immediately befre there’s nne left.
5.dnate vt. 捐赠，赠送；献（血），捐献（器官）
原文：Luckily, many peple came t help, dnating fd and clthes t charities.
幸运的是，许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。
【词块积累】
(1) dnate sth. t...向……捐赠某物
(2) dnatin n.捐赠；捐赠物；捐款
give/make a dnatin t...向……捐赠
(3) dnr n.捐赠者
【链接高考】
（2021天津卷）We prvide full furnishings, like dnated kitchen equipment and furniture items, fr the new hmes f peple wh were nce hmeless.
我们为曾经无家可归的人提供全套家具，比如捐赠的厨房设备和家具。
（2019北京卷）Mre wants t use her unique talent t help thers find their smiles. She dnates 10% f AilicCandy's prfits t Big Smiles.
摩尔想用她独特的才能帮助别人找到笑容。 她将AilicCandy 10%的利润捐给了Big Smiles。
（2016北京卷）Vlunteers came with carlads f dnated clthing and tys.
志愿者们带来了一车捐赠的衣服和玩具。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
= 1 \* GB3 ①I think it wuld be better t ___________________ a temprary shelter fr the hmeless.
我觉得把钱捐给无家可归者的临时收容所更好。
②Wuld yu like t ___________________ ur charity appeal?
你愿意响应我们慈善团体呼吁来捐物吗？
6.curius adj. 好奇的；奇特的，有求知欲的
原文：She was curius t see hw much water there was utside. 她很想看看外面有多少水。
【词块积累】
(1)be curius abut sth. 对某事好奇
be curius t d sth. 好奇地做某事
(2)curiusly adv.好奇地
(3)curisity n.好奇心
ut f curisity出于好奇
with curisity＝curiusly好奇地
【链接高考】
（2020天津卷）Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?” 像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问: “为什么?为什么? 为什么？”
（2020天津卷）She was curius abut hw the experts did it. 她很好奇专家们是如何做到的。
（2016北京卷）Hwever, when smething did interest me, I culd becme absrbed. In high schl, I became curius abut the cmputer, and built my first website. 然而，当我对某件事感兴趣时，我就会全神贯注。 高中的时候，我对电脑很好奇，于是建立了我的第一个网站。
（2014新课标卷I）Students are being dared t draw a picture, write an article, take a pht r write a pem that shws what they are curius abut.
学生敢画一幅画，写一篇文章，拍一张照片或写一首诗来表达他们的好奇心。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
1.We were curius ___________(knw) hw he culd keep his head in that situatin.
2.When the ld man was making the kite，the children were watching _______ (curius).
3.Filled with ____________(curius)，the artist packed his bags and left.
4.出于好奇，小女孩打开了那个小盒子。
① ___________________，the little girl pened the little bx.(curisity)
②The little girl pened the little bx because ____________________.(curius)
7.break ut突然开始；爆发
原文：The cries f wmen brke ut; the men lked at each ther, but were silent.
女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。
【词块积累】
break dwn 出故障; 关系破裂，分解; 奔溃; 拆除;破除（障碍或偏见）
break ut 爆发，突然发生
break up （关系）破裂，分手，中止，打碎
break thrugh （取得）突破，冲破
break ff 突然停止
break f 放弃，改掉（习惯）
break int 闯入
【链接高考】
（2018北京卷）Researchers in Spain and England recently fund that the wrms f the greater wax mth can break dwn plyethylene, which accunts fr 40% f plastics.
西班牙和英格兰的研究人员最近发现，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以分解占塑料40%的聚乙烯。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①It's taken a lng time t __________________ f my wn cnventinal training.
摆脱我自己的传统训练花了很长一段时间。
②They _______________ s that Jack can use the phne.
他们闯入了一间办公室，因为杰克需要使用电话。
= 3 \* GB3 ③Is it difficult fr an Asian entertainer t _______________ the United States?
对于一个亚洲艺人来说，想要冲出重围在美国打下一片天地是不是困难的事？
知识点02 重点句型
1.The hurricane must have caused lt f damage and suffering. 飓风一定造成了很大的损失和痛苦。
【句式分析】
此句中含有must have dne结构。must have dne表示对过去所发生事情的肯定推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，仅用于肯定句中。如：
The rad is wet. It must have rained last night. 路面是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。
Yu must have gne t bed late last night. Yur eyes are red. 你昨晚准是睡觉晚了，你的眼睛都红了。
补充 must表示推测时的常用结构:
must d 表示对现在动作的肯定推测
must be ding 表示对正在进行动作的肯定推测
must have dne 表示对过去动作的肯定推测
其他的类似结构：
shuld have dne sth. 过去本该做某事但没有做。
shuldn’t have dne sth. 过去本不该做而做了。
might/might nt have dne 可能做过/可能没做过
culd have dne...(肯定句)表示“本能够做……但没有做……”
needn’t have dne...不需要做……但是做了……
must have dne 过去一定做了
culdn’t have dne...不可能做过……
may have dne sth. 或许做了某事。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
1.Yu ______________________ at hme last Sunday，but yu didn’t.
上周日你本该待在家里的， 但是你没有。
2.Yu are sleepy. Yu _____________________ t bed late last night.
你在打瞌睡。你昨晚肯定睡得很晚。
3.We ____________________ the match，but we were t careless.
我们本可以赢得比赛， 但是我们太粗心了。
4.Yu _________________________ s much fd，fr there’s a lt in the fridge.
你本不需要买那么多食物的，因为冰箱里有很多。
能力拓展
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
一、根据汉语意思填写单词
1．She rushed ________(下楼) and burst int the kitchen.
2．The heat was becming ________(难以忍受的).
3．We usually measure____________ (距离) in miles r kilmeters.
4．He is very __________（好奇的）abut new envirnment.
5．The peple trapped by the fire in this building must be ________ (营救) as sn as pssible.
6．My parents lent me the mney. ________(不然), I culdn't have affrded the trip.
7．After reaching yur_____________（目的地），yu will have a day t explre and be amazed by this ancient city.
8．My parents’ encuragement gave me the________ (力量) t vercme the difficulty and mve n.
9．If pipes crack, water culd ________(淹没) the whle huse.
10．In 2020, he started his business by ________(供应) fd t peple fighting against the virus.
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
11．When she packed her suitcase befre heading t Wuhan, her daughter was ________(scare) t tears.
12．The students were ________ (curisity) abut the peple wh lived upstairs.
13．The wrld seems smaller and ________ (distant) desn’t matter.
14．The letter wasn’t addressed t him, but he pened it ut f _________ (curius).
15．The by made a sudden actin t_________(scary)the dg away.
16．He did a training curse t ______ (sharp) his skills.
17．We __________ (run) ut f gas, s we’d better stp at the next gas statin t fill up.
18．(2019·全国II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene declared she had n plans __________(retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
19．The plice fund that the huse ________(break) int and a lt f things stlen.
20．In Glasgw city centre, they were ________ (shck)t find tw plicemen standing next t it.
21．I kept cming up with slutins, but nne wrked. My fatigue(疲惫) became almst ________ (bear).
22．Vlcanic ash shwered dwn n the twn after the ________ (erupt).
23．As a matter f fact, Tm had run ut ________ mney by the end f last week. （用适当的词填空）
24．He lked a little ________ (scare) t meet us, but started t smile shyly after my mm hugged him.
25．Besides, we made a ________ (dnate) f 120, 000 yuan t yu , expecting that it can help yu get thrugh the difficulties.
26．He stpped and lked arund as if ________ (see) whether he went in the right directin.
27．When the Spring Festival was drawing near, a terrible disease brke ________ all arund the wrld.
28．Peple gathered rund, curius ________ (knw) what was happening.
29．________the distance, they heard the sund f falling rfs.
30．________her relief, everyne was safe.
题组B 能力提升练
三、阅读理解
Over the last tw days in December last year, nearly 30 trnades caused great damage acrss six states—frm Arkansas in the suth t Illinis in the midwest. Mre than 100 trnad warnings were issued—the mst ever fr a day. The trnad in Kentucky caused at least 50 peple’s deaths, which was described as the wrst in this state’s histry.
As ne f the largest cuntries in the wrld, the United States is als ne f the mst gegraphically varius cuntries—frm deserts t frests t miles f cast line. While this cmes with many advantages, it unfrtunately leaves the cuntry easily damaged by all kinds f natural disasters.
Different parts f the United States face different types f natural disasters. The west cast is at risk f wildfires, earthquakes, and even vlcanic eruptins. The suthern part f the cuntry is frequently hit by trnades, and the east cast faces the threat f serius hurricanes every year. Midwestern areas near rivers are ften flded by huge flds, and these are the wrst flds in American histry.
The gvernments reviewed the weather event in each state’ s histry that caused the highest number f deaths t determine the wrst natural disaster in every state, Thanks t their lcatin and gegraphic research, sme states made preparatins ahead f time t avid mass-casualty (重大伤亡的) weather events.
Hwever, many ther parts f the cuntry have been less frtunate, experiencing massive strms and flds. Many such events, like the 1900 hurricane that hit Galvestn f Texas, killed s many peple that it was impssible t get an exact number f final deaths, especially during that time.
American weather cntinues t becme mre changeable. In 2018, there were 14 weather events that caused ver $ 1 billin in damage. And in many parts f the cuntry, these weather events culd becme even mre destructive (毁灭性的) because f glbal warming.
31．What d we knw frm the figures in paragraph 1?
A．America suffered frm serius natural disasters.
B．Trnades were the greatest threat t Americans.
C．The trnad in Kentucky was the wrst in America.
D．Less and less natural disasters hit America.
32．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The wrst flds in American histry.
B．The earthquakes in the west cast f US.
C．The hurricanes alng the east cast f US.
D．The natural disasters in different parts f US.
33．Which f the fllwing can best describe American’s weather in the future?
A．Cntrllable.B．Unchangeable.C．Wrrying.D．Pleasant.
34．What may be the best title fr the text?
A．A Serius Trnad in KentuckyB．A Weather Reprt frm the US
C．Trnades Causing Great DamageD．Cmmn Natural Disasters in the US
题组C 培优拔尖练
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The authr ___35___ (travel) n the Lndn Tube. It is very ht and the temperature utside will be ver 30 degrees. He feels awful. It is even ___36___ (ht) inside the train than utside, and the authr thinks he is melting and becming ne with the passenger next ___37___ him. Thinking that Lndn will prbably get htter, the authr feels a bit ___38___ (scare). ___39___ (prepare) fr the future, he thinks he shuld put his flat n the ___40___ and buy a bat. Then speak with his manager abut mving t the tp flr and learn t swim s as t survive even when the tall buildings ___41___ (fld). In the newspaper, there are reprts f ___42___ (nature) disasters arund the wrld ___43___ (cause) by climate change, _____44_____ makes the authr feel nervus. Ging utside, the authr feels refreshed and realises he has been wrrying t much.
目标词汇
1. ________n.补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供
2. ________n.全体职工；管理人员 vt.在……工作，任职于
3. ________n.洪水，水灾；大量 vt.&vi.(被)淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满
4. ________adv.否则，不然；除此以外
5. ________vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到
6. ________n.目的地，终点
7. ________adv.在(或向)较远处；在另一边
prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
8. ________n.图案，花样；模式；范例；模型
9. ________n.&vt.救援，营救，抢救
10. ________vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(建造于)
11．________ n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊；使气愤→________ adj.令人震惊的→_______ adj.震惊的
12．_____ vt.&vi.惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓→______ adj.害怕的→______ adj.恐怖的，吓人的
13．______ n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量→______ adj.强大的
14．______ vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→_______ n．捐赠
15．______adj.好奇的；奇特的→______ n．好奇心→______ adv.好奇地
16．______vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生→______ n．爆发
17．______ n．进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进→_____n．出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口；输出
18．______ adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→_______ adj.可以忍受的→______ vt.忍受
19．______ n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→______ adj.遥远的
20．______ adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→______ adv.急剧地；锋利地→________ vt.使锋利
目标短语
1. ________用完；耗尽
2. ________呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
3. ________突然开始；爆发
4. ________到处，各处
5. ________详细地
6. ________涌入
7. ________和……一起
8. ________朝着四面八方
9. ________最重要的是
10. ________在远处
句型
must have dne结构
易混词组
区别
run ut
意为“用完，耗尽”时，为不及物动词短语,其主语一般为物，其后不可以接宾语，也不用被动
run ut f
意为“用完，耗尽”，为及物动词短语，其主语一般为人，其后要接宾语
give ut
意为“耗尽，用完”，为不及物动词短语，其主语通常是物
use up
意为“用光，用完”，为及物动词短语，其后可接宾语，可用于被动语态
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