Unit 4（单元知识清单）- 八年级英语下册同步备课系列（人教版）

这是一份Unit 4（单元知识清单）- 八年级英语下册同步备课系列（人教版），共11页。
Unit 4单元知识清单基础知识清单二．知识点清单知识点1：allow v. 允许；准许.【观察】My parents don't allow me to hang out with my friends. 【探究】few作形容词时,用来修饰可数名词.little用来修饰不可数名词。allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事allow doing sth. 允许做某事be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事►Our teachers don't allow us to use the mobile phone at school .►Students don't allow speaking in the classroom.【活学活用1】People are not allowed （sell）drugs in China.to sell知识点2：I got into a fight with my best friend【探究】fight v. 打架，战斗【拓展】（fight – fought - fought） = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①get into / have a fight with sb. 和某人打架 = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②fight for 为…而斗争►The two boys had a fight with each other►Chinese people fight for communism【活学活用2】The boy （打架）his brother. had a fight with知识点3：It’s not a big deal. 没什么大不了的。【探究】deal n. ①协议，交易 ②大量 v. ③对待►We have run out of a great deal of food.【拓展】make / sign / close a deal with sb 和某人做成一笔生意a great / good deal of + 不可数名词 大量的…It’s a deal. 一言为定；成交deal with sb. 与某人打交道；应对某人deal with sth. 应对、处理某物【活学活用3】How will you (处理)the matter you caused at school？ deal with知识点4：My problem is that I can't get on with my family. get on/along with sb. “和某人相处”☞ that I can't get on with ..此处作表语, 是表语从句。表语从句要用陈述语序。☞ get on/along with sb. “和某人相处”； get on/along with sth. “在…方面取得进展” get on/along well/badly with... “ 与……相处得(不)好”知识点5：When they argue, it's like a big, black cloud hanging over our home. 【探究】argue v.“争吵,争论” arguement n.争吵，争论 (1) argue with sb. = have an argument with sb. “与某人争论” argue about sth. “就某事争论” argue with sb about sth. “为某事与某人争论”(2) hang over 挂在…之上，悬浮在…之上 ☞The twins often argue with each other. ☞ White clouds hang over the mountain peaks.知识点6：[教材原句]If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help。【探究】offer ① v. 主动提出；自愿给予 ② n. 主动提出建议；报价；特价【拓展】offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.向某人提供某事/某物offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事job offer 工作邀请 special offers 特价【经典练】1．My kids today offered the dishes. A．to do B．do C．doing【答案】A知识点7：Secondly, why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother?【探究】communicate v. 交流；沟通 communicate with sb. 与某人交流communication n. 交流；联系☞Chatting online is a new way of communication for young people☞I often write letters to communicate with my friends.知识点8：You should explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time.【探究】explain v. 解释；说明【拓展】explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事explain + 宾语从句 某人解释说…explanation n. 解释；说明►We explained our plan to the teachers.►She didn't give any explanation for being late.知识点9：Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.【探究】 instead adv.“代替;反而;却”【拓展】instead adv.“代替;反而;却” ,位于句首/句尾instead of “代替” “不是...而是...”,后跟名词、代词、V-ing►I don’t like the red T-shirt. I will buy the yellow one instead.  ►He walks to the park instead of going by car. 知识点10：[教材原句]My parents give me a lot of pressure about school. 【探究】pressure n. 压力【拓展】put pressure on sb. 向某人施加压力under pressure 在压力之下►I’m not able to do well with the pressure from my job.知识点11：[教材原句]And they are always comparing them with other children. 【探究】be always doing【拓展1】be always doing sth 表示说话人的某种情绪，例如不满、赞扬、不耐烦等。(2) compare...with 比较；对比►She is always moving things around. .►People like to compare starts with the moom【探究】compete v.竞争，竞赛【拓展2】compete 为不及物动词，常构成的短语：1) compete with/against 和......竞争2) compete for... 为......竞争3) competition(n)竞争；比赛--competitor(n)竞争者；对手►It’s difficult for a small store to compete with/against a supermarket. 知识点12：[教材原句]People shouldn’t push their kids so hard 【探究】push (v)鞭策、督促【拓展】push sb to do sth 督促某人做某事push 的其他常见意思：(1) 意思是“推动”，其反义词是pull“拉”(2) 意思是“按下开关、按钮等”，其同义词是press►She thanks her parents for pushing her to study. ►I got in and pushed the button for the fourth floor.知识点13：[教材原句]Dr. Alice Green says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children. 【探究】cause v.导致，引起 n.原因，起因，理由【拓展】cause (v) 作及物动词，常用的结构：cause sb sth = cuase sth for sb 给某人带来某事(多指麻烦)cause sb to do sth 导致某人做某事►You have no cause for complain.知识点14：[教材原句]In some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older..【探究】continues v. 继续【拓展】continue意为持续；继续存在相当于go on.continue doing接着做(原来相同的事)continue to do 接着做(和原来不同的事)►I haven’t finished my homework, I have to continue doing more exercises.三．语法清单语法①：表建议的句型1.Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.? 你为什么不做某事？2.Shall we do sth.? 我们做某事好吗？3.Let's do sth. 让我们做某事吧。4.You/We had better do sth. 你（们）/我们最好做某事。5.You/We (not )should do sth. 你（们）/我们（不）应该做某事。6.You/We could...你（们）/我们可以……7.Would you like sth. / to do sth.? 你想某物/做某事吗？8.What/How about (doing) sth.? （做）某事/某物怎么样？语法②：until/although/until引导的状语从句until作连词，意为“直到”引导时间状语从句。①主句是肯定句时，其谓语用延续性动词，强调主句的动作或状态一直持续到从句的动作发生时为止，译成“直到……为止”。②主句是否定句时，其谓语用非延续性动词，强调主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始，一般译成“直到……才……”。so that意为“为了，以便”，引导目的状语从句，相当于in order that，从句中多含有can, could, may, might等情态动词。【拓展延伸】so that还可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此；所以”，此时从句中通常不含情态动词。3.although意为“尽管；然而”，引导让步状语从句，相当于though。【注意】although或though不能与but用在同一个句子中，但可以与yet, still同时使用。 = 1 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT I.选用until, so that或although填空。1. Every day Eric gets up early _______ he can catch the first bus.2. I will wait _______ Dad comes back from work.3.The teacher speaks very loudly _______ all the students can hear her.4.The little baby didn’t stop crying _______ he saw his mother.5._________ it is not easy to learn English well, I won’t give up.答案1.so that 2.until 3.so that 4.until 5.AlthoughⅡ.单项选择。1.— _____ you please give me some advice on my English?—Sure, no problem.A. Should B. Could C. Must D. Need2.—Did you see the exhibition（展览）in the City Park last weekend?— Yes. It told us why we ______ do something to stop air pollution.A. could B. should C. may D. need3.—Could I hang out with my friends, Mom?— No! You can’t go out _____ you finish your homework.A. although B. since C. when D. until4.—My friend is angry with me because I didn’t lend him my bike.—You ______ write him a letter to say sorry.A. must B. will C. would D. should5. [2020·宜昌] —I’d like to choose blue as my bedroom color.— ______ . The color makes us feel relaxed and peaceful.A. Take it easy B. Sounds greatC. You’re welcome D. Enjoy yourself答案：1-5BBDDB写作指导话题分析本单元的话题是“烦恼(Problems)”,该话题是中考常考话题之一，主要是描述自己或他人的烦恼，并给出相应的建议或看法。本单元主要是青少年学生在成长过程中遇到的一些问题或烦恼，包括与父母、同学之间的问题，并涉及处理这些问题或烦恼的方法。该话题贴近学生生活，与学生的日常学习活动息息相关。该话题先诉说问题或烦恼，然后说说解决该问题或烦恼的方法，最后再表达一下自己的感想。如何写好这类文章，主要需要掌握以下表达和句型句式: 常用词汇常用句型句式☞ My biggest problem is.. ☞ As we are growing up,we find it.to communicate with. ☞ Now some teenagers have a hard time in communicating with their parents. ☞ I would like to talk about my problems and how I deal with them. ☞ There was something wrong between us. I don't know what to do. ☞ I hope you can.. ☞ You said you had many problems in studying math. ☞ Only in this way can we get along well with. ☞ I think it is very important for us.. ☞ Keep trying and you will soon learn it better. I believe we will be a happy family forever. ☞ I hope my advice can help you. ☞ If you follow these suggestions,you can get on well with your parents. 经典试题生活是如此的美好，人生有无尽的欢乐，但也有诸多的烦恼。假如你是李涛，根据表格内容，请你以"My Problems”为题，写一篇英语短文。要求: 1.表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；2.必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，可适当发挥；3.词数:80左右(短文的开头已给出，不计人总词数)。My Problems As middle school students,we have a lot of happiness, but we also have many problems.For example, Words1.allow v.允许，准许2.guess v.猜测，估计3.argue v.争吵，争论4.offer v.主动提出，自愿给与5.communicate v.交流，沟通6.explain v.解释，说明7.copy v. 抄袭，模仿，复制，复印8.return v. 归还，回来9.compete v. 竞争，对抗10.continue v. 继续11.compare v. 比较12.push v. 鞭策，推动，促进13.cause v 导致，造成，引起14.deal n. 协议，交易15.relation n. 关系，联系，交往16.communication n. 交流，沟通17.cloud n. 云朵18.member n.成员，分子19.pressure n. 压力20.opinion n. 意见，想法，看法22.skill n. 技艺，技巧23.development n发展24.elder adji. 年纪较大的25.nervous adj. 紧张的，焦虑的26.typical adj. 典型的27.whatever pron 无论如何Phrases1. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 2. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛 3. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架 / 打架 4. so that 为了，以便于... 5. explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事6. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事7. all the time 一直8. hang over 悬挂在上方/笼罩9. be (not) nice to sb 对某人（不）好10. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事11. instead of doing sth. 代替/而不是做某事12. feel lonely and nervous 感觉孤单和紧张13. give sb. pressure  给某人施加压力14. compete with...  和……竞争15. talk to parents   和父母聊天16. free time activities 业余活动17. get better grades 取得更好的成绩18. family members 家庭成员19. play sports  做运动20. watch movies  看电影21. spend time alone  独自打发时间22. play computer games 玩电脑游戏23. offer to help 主动提供帮助24. get on/along well with sb 与某人相处得好26. argue with sb 与某人争吵27. hang out with friends 和朋友出去（闲逛）28. have after-school classes 上补习班29. exam skills 考试技巧30. football training 足球训练31. cut out 删除；删去32. be always doing sth 总是做某事33. push sb to do sth 督促某人做某事34. compete with/against 和......竞争35. compare...with... 与......比较36. cause sb sth 给某人添麻烦Sentences1.你为什么不和你的父母谈谈呢？Why don't you talk to your parents?2.我的父母不允许我和朋友出去闲逛。My parents don't allow me to hang out with my friends.3.虽然她错了，但这并不是什么大事儿。Although she's wrong，it's not a big deal．4.你这个年龄不容易，有这些感觉是正常的。It's not easy being your age，and it's normal to have these feelings.5.相反，他想看什么就看什么，一直到深夜。Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.6.其他孩子为了能参加竞赛并获胜而在参加体育训练。Others are practicing sports so that they can compete and win.7.然而，疲惫的孩子们直到晚上7点以后才回到家。However，the tired children don't get home until after 7：00 p．m.8.尽管想要孩子成功很正常，但更重要的是让孩子快乐。Although it's normal to want successful children，it's even more important to have happy children.9.他们总是把他们和别的孩子进行对比。They are always comparing them with other children.10.孩子们应该有时间来放松，也(应该有时间来)为他们自己考虑。Kids should have time to relax and think for themselves，too.11.他们很快吃完晚饭，接着就该做作业了。They have a quick dinner，and then it's time for homework.Grammar连词so that,until,although引导状语从句单词problem,pressure,advice,suggestion, happiness, compare,understand,communicate,teenager, argue,happy,hobby,suppose,support,spend,activity, 短语grow up, good luck,get on well with,deal with, be kind to, communicate with,join in, argue with,in one's opinion, compare sb.with,talk about,understand each other我的苦恼父母给我太多的学习压力；参加课外辅导班；父母把自己和别的学生比较；与父母争吵；…解决办法与父母交流；…·我的愿望…思路点拨1.体裁：命题作文2.时态：一般现在时，一般过去式，一般将来时3.人称：第一人称4.写作思路：根据提示项目，按照困扰，办法愿望顺序来写。5.注意事项：注意要主次分明，合理使用各种时态，句型句式