高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 1 A new start示范课课件ppt
展开Review: basic sentence structuresMatch the sentences that share the same structures.
1 I saw a white-haired man.2 I replied. 3 He gave me a smile. 4 I breathed deeply. 5 I lked at them in panic.6 I was embarrassed.7 His wrds made me a lt mre relaxed!
a He was friendly.b The exam made me quite nervus.c I passed him a bk.d She agreed.e He wrte a lng letter. f He talked ludly.g She lked after her sister patiently.
Review: basic sentence structuresLk at the pictures and tell the stry with yur wn ending. See hw many different basic sentence structures yu can use.
句子基本结构1 句子成分句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
(1)主语:主语相当于句子的话题或主题,一般位于句首,且不能省略 (特殊句式除外)。The classrm is very big. 教室很大。(名词作主语) We wrk in a big factry. 我们在一家大工厂工作。(代词作主语) Three are enugh.三个就够了。(数词作主语) The yung shuld respect the ld. 年轻人应该尊重老年人。(名词化的形容词作主语) T see is t believe. 眼见为实。(不定式作主语) Climbing muntains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。(动名词作主语) What we need is fd. 我们需要的是食物。(从句作主语) (2)谓语:谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。He is very generus. 他很慷慨。 She lks very smart. 她看起来很聪明。 We have finished the jb. 我们已经完成了工作。 He can speak German. 他会说德语。
( 3)表语:位于系动词(如 be,becme,appear,seem,lk,sund, feel,get,smell 等)后面。He is a teacher. 他是老师。(名词作表语) Five plus tw is seven. 5 加 2 等于 7。(数词作表语) I am nt feeling well. 我觉得不舒服。(形容词作表语) I must be ff nw. 我现在得走了。(副词作表语) He is nt at hme. 他不在家。(介词短语作表语) My hbby is reading. 我的爱好是读书。(动名词作表语) Her dream is t make a mvie. 她的梦想是要拍一部电影。(不定式作表语) The questin was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet. 问题是史密斯先生到了没有。(从句作表语)
(4)宾语:通常放在谓语动词或介词后面。Shw yur passprt,please.请出示护照。(名词作宾语) He ften helps me. 他经常帮助我。(代词作宾语) He likes t sleep in the pen air. 他喜欢在露天睡觉。(不定式作宾语) I enjy wrking with yu.我喜欢和你们一起工作。(动名词作宾语) I believe that they can finish the wrk n time. 我相信她们能按时完成工作。(从句作宾语)直接宾语和间接宾语宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果(通常指sth.),间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的(通常指sb.)。We brught them sme fd. 主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面,但必须加t 或 fr。We brught sme fd t them. 主 谓 直接宾语 介词 间接宾语
(5)宾补:有些及物动词只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明。这种“宾语+ 宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。宾语补足语表示宾语(一般是名词或代词)发出的动作或身份、特征等。I find learning English easy.我发现学英语很容易。(形容词作宾补) I saw the kite up and dwn. 我看到风筝上下摆动。(副词作宾补) We elected him mnitr. 我们选他做班长。(名词作宾补) Make yurself at hme. 别拘束。(介词短语作宾补)The by rdered the dg t lie dwn. 男孩儿命令狗躺下。(不定式短语作宾补) He culd hear his heart beating fast. 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。(现在分词作宾补)
(6)定语:定语用来修饰名词或代词。The black bike is mine.那辆黑色的自行车是我的。(形容词作定语) What’s yur name?你叫什么名字?(代词作定语) They made sme paper flwers.他们做了一些纸花。(名词作定语) The bys in the rm are in Class Three,Grade One. 房间里的男生在一年级三班。(介词短语作定语) The tall by wh is standing there is Peter. 站在那儿的那个高个子男孩是彼得。(从句作定语)
【误区警示】 一般单个形容词作定语要放在所修饰词前面,形容词短语或从句后置。但是,下列几种情况要后置: ① 修饰复合不定代词smething,anything,nthing,anyne, smebdy,anybdy,nbdy 的定语必须后置。 D yu have anything imprtant t tell me?你有什么重要的事要告诉我吗? ② nearby,belw,dwnstairs 等个别方位词作定语时要后置。Can yu see the village belw? 你能看到下面的村庄吗? The peple dwnstairs are listening t a talk nw. 楼下的人正在听演讲。
( 7)状语:状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。它表示行 为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。They missed me very much. 他们非常想念我。(程度状语) Withut his help,we culdn’t wrk the prblem ut. 没有他的帮助,我们无法解决这个问题。(条件状语) In rder t catch up with my classmates,I must study hard. 为了赶上我的同学,我必须努力学习。(目的状语) When I was yung,I culd swim well. 当我年轻的时候,我游泳游得很好。(时间状语)
指出下列画线部分的类别及在句中所作的成分第一组(1)The villagers are celebrating the harvest. (2)We ften speak English in class. (3)T knw everything is t knw nthing. (4)Saying is easier than ding. (5)Why he did such a thing is nt clear. 第二组(6)Henry likes walking. (7)They lk after the twins.
第三组(8)Andy and I are friends. (9)I’m sixteen. (10)The bk is mine. (11)Leaves have gne yellw. (12)We are here. (13)He is ut f cnditin. (14)Our duty is t make ur envirnment better. (15)My hbby is playing cmputer games. (16)Time is pressing. (17)That’s where the river jins the sea.
第四组(18)The wrkers are building a bridge. (19)We shuld learn frm her. (20)—Hw many d yu want? —I want tw. (21)I can’t affrd t take dancing lessns. (22)I’m lking frward t meeting her. (23)Did yu write dwn what he said? (24)Remember t write us a letter please. (25)I will return the bk t yu tmrrw. (26)My friend bught a gift fr me.
第五组(27)All wrk and n play makes Jack a dull by. (28)The news made him happy. (29)Please keep the dg ut. (30)I fund him in truble. (31)Tm made the girl cry. (32)She asked me t lend her a hand. (33)I’m srry t have kept yu waiting fr s lng. (34)Last year,they heard their huse rebuilt.
名词短语;宾语补足语
不带t 的不定式;宾语补足语
不定式短语;宾语补足语
现在分词短语;宾语补足语
过去分词;宾语补足语
第六组(35)The pink dress is Mary’s. (36) His name is Tm. (37) Tw bys need tw pens. (38) He wrks in a trade cmpany. (39) The little by needs Lisa’s help. (40) The by in blue is Tm. (41) There is nthing t d tday. (42) There is nthing interesting in this bk. (43) The smiling lady is very kind. (44) The pen bught by her was made in China. (45) N ne is allwed t speak alud in the reading rm. (46) Is he the man wh wants t see yu?
第七组(47) Unfrtunately,David missed the train. (48) He ften ges t wrk by bus. (49) Ten years ag,she began t live in Dalian. (50) I cme specially t see yu. (51) Seeing its mther,the baby smiled. (52) When he was 12 years ld,Jhn came t China.
2 简单句的基本句型(1)主语 +谓语(S+V) They laughed. 他们笑了。 The guests have arrived.客人们到了。 (2)主语 +谓语 +宾语(S+V+O) He has accepted ur invitatin. 他已经接受了我们的邀请。 Yu shuld nt give up studying. 你不该放弃学习。 (3)主语 +系动词 +表语(S+V+P) He is a scientist. 他是一位科学家。 That argument sunds reasnable. 那个论据听起来有道理。
(4)主语 +谓语 +间接宾语 +直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) He gave me a letter.(=He gave a letter t me.) 他给了我一封信。He bught me a new cat.(= He bught a new cat fr me.) 他给我买了一件新外套。【归纳拓展】 常用的可接双宾语的词: ① 和t 搭配的动词有bring,give,hand,leave,lend,ffer,we, pass,pst,prmise,read,sell,send,shw,take,teach,tell,thrw, write 等。② 和fr 搭配的动词有bk,buy,call,chse,ck,d,fetch,find,get,keep,save 等。
(5)主语 +谓语 +宾语 +宾语补足语(S+V+O+C) We call him Jack. 我们叫他杰克。 We must keep ur classrm clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。 We fund everything in gd rder. 我们发现一切都井然有序。 The teacher asked us t retell the stry. 老师让我们复述故事。 I saw them playing n the playgrund. 我看见他们在操场上玩。 I had my bike stlen. 我的自行车被偷了。(6)主语 +谓语 +状语(S+V+A) He talked t much. 他说得太多了。 Jim runs in the park. 吉姆在公园里跑步。
(7)主语 +谓语 +宾语 +状语(S+V+O+A) He put the cffee n the table. 他把咖啡放在桌子上。 I listened t her stry carefully. 我认真听了她说的情况。 (8)存现句(there be) There’s a restaurant arund the crner. 拐角处有一家餐馆。 There are tw peple waiting utside. 有两个人正在外面等候。 【误区警示】 在there be 句型中,be 动词在人称和数上要和紧靠它的主语保持一致。There is a ruler,tw pens and five bks in the schlbag. 书包里有一把尺子、两支钢笔和五本书。
分析下列句子结构(1)I want t make a gd first impressin. (2)I had my first maths class at senir high. (3)I fund mst f my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. (4)We had ur chemistry class in the science lab. (5)I didn’t feel awkward r frightened. (6)My favurite subject is physics. (7)I plan t becme an engineer in the future. (8)The child is sleeping. (9)I cme frm Suth Africa. (10)David shwed me the way. (11)My dream is t start my wn IT cmpany.
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