牛津译林版八年级下册Grammar精品导学案及答案

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八年级英语下册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）
目标导航
1.疑问词+不定式（t d）
疑问词有疑问代词wh, whm, what, which, whse和疑问副词when, where, hw, why。此外，连接词whether也适用。
“疑问词+不定式”结构有下列五种功能：
⑴当主语
When t hld the meeting has nt yet been decided. 何时开会还没有定下来。
Where t live is a prblem. 住哪里是个问题。
⑵当宾语
We must knw what t say at a meeting. 我们必须知道在会上说些什么。
He culd nt tell whm t trust. 他无法分辨该信任谁。
⑶当表语
The prblem is where t find the financial aid. 问题是到哪找到财政援助。
⑷当名词同位语
Tm had n idea which bk t read first. 汤姆不知道先读哪本书。
⑸当宾语补足语
Jim is nt sure whse t chse. 吉姆不确定选择谁的。
Mary and Jhn are nt certain whether t get married r nt. 玛丽和约翰不确定是否要结婚。
适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括：
knw, see, decide, tell, ask, cnsider, discver, explain, frget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wnder, understand等。
【注意】：1）当这结构当宾语时，它的作用等于名词分句，
I culd nt decide which dictinary t buy. = I culd nt decide which dictinary I shuld buy.
我不能决定买哪本字典。
Jack did nt knw where t find such a gd teacher.=Jack did nt knw where he culd find such a gd teacher.
杰克不知道到哪能找到这样一个好老师。
2）有些动词，如ask, shw, tell, advise, infrm, teach等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。
Have yu tld him where t get the applicatin frm? 你告诉他哪里领申请表了吗？
2.must和have t的用法。
【区别】1：must多表示主观需要或责任感的驱使有必要或有义务去做某事，多译为“必须”，而have t多表示客观存在的环境所限，即客观要求(无奈)而为之，多译为“不得不干某事”。
I must clean the rm because it is t dirty.（无人强迫）
因为太脏了，我必须要打扫房间。
We must be there n time.（责任感的驱使）我们一定准时到达。
I have t d my hmewrk nw.（不得不做）
我现在不得不做作业。
I have t leave schl because my family is pr nw.
因为家里穷了，我不得不退学。
【区别】2：must没有时态的变化，而have t有时态的变化。
Daming was hurt. The dctr said he had t stay in hspital fr abut tw weeks. His father has t g t take care f him. 大明受伤了。医生说他大概得住院两周，他的父亲得去照顾他。
We dn’t have t g t schl n Sundays. 星期天我们不必上学。
【区别】3：must的否定为mustn’t，多表示“禁令”。
N! Yu mustn’t turn left! Yu must turn right int The Strand.
不！你不能向左转！你应该向右转进入到strand中。
由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have t，否定回答要用needn’t或dn’t have t，意思是“不必”；此用法在中考中的单选题中容易出现！
1）—Must I finish my hmewrk befre eight ’clck?—Yes, yu must.
我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗？是的，必须。
2）—Must I attend the meeting?
—N, yu needn’t/ dn’t have t. Yu can ask Tm t g instead.
我必须要参加这次会议吗？不。你不必。你可以让汤姆替你去。
能力拓展
完成句子
1．他们或许不得不坐出租车去那里。（完成译句）
They might ________ ________ take the taxi t g there.
2．我不得不用功学习，因此我睡眠不足。
I __________ study __________ I dn’t get enugh sleep.
3．最后—班车已经开走了，所以我只好步行回家。
The last bus had gne, s I ________ back hme.
4．你不必担心钱的问题，我可以借一些钱给你。
Yu ________ ________ ________ wrry abut mney; I can lend sme mney t yu.
5．他不必10点前睡觉。 He _______ ______ t be in bed by ten ’clck.
6．他说他们必须努力工作。
He said that they _________ wrk hard.
分层提分
题组A 能力提升练
7．—Let’s climb t the tp f the muntain ________ yu are nt tired, shall we?
—Yu ________ be kidding! I am afraid f high places!
A．if; mustB．when; mayC．since; shuldD．althugh; can
8．—Must I return the bk this week?
—N, yu ________.
A．mustn’tB．needn’tC．dn’tD．can’t
9．—Must I return the bk this afternn?
—N, yu_________. Yu can keep it fr a week.
A．shuldn’tB．dn’t have tC．can’tD．mustn’t
10．—Must I hand in my bk review this evening?
—Oh, yu _______. Yu can hand it in tmrrw mrning.
A．mustB．have tC．mustn’tD．dn’t have t
11． —Wh is the girl dancing in the hall?
—It ________ be Lucy. Only she entered the hall this mrning.
A．mustB．mayC．can’tD．culd
12．—Sixty yuan fr this shirt? Yu _________ be jking!
—I’m serius. There was a sale n in that shp.
A．mustB．shuldC．mayD．need
13．Lucy has t d the same thing every day. She _________ be very bred with her jb.
A．canB．mustC．mayD．need
14．—Whse ntebk is this?
—It ________ be Jim’s. His name is n it.
A．mustB．may ntC．mightD．can’t
15．In England, yu ________ say Mr. r Mrs. when yu meet smene fr the first time.
A．willB．mustC．mightD．culd
16．—When ________ I hand in my hmewrk, Mr. Wang?
—________ Tuesday. It’s the last day.
A．can; OnB．must; ByC．might; ByD．shuld; On
17．— Mm, can I g ut with Anna tnight?
— Sure, but yu ________ cme back hme by 9:00.
A．can’tB．needn’tC．mustD．need
18．—Dad, can I g t the mvies this evening?
—Sure, but yu ________ cme back hme befre 9 ’clck.
A．canB．mayC．mustD．might
19．—Tm is never late fr wrk. Why is he absent tday?
—Smething ________ t him.
A．must happenB．shuld have happenedC．must have happened
题组B 培优拔尖练
20．—Yu ________ be careful when yu drive yur car in such a rainy day.
—OK, Mm. I will.
A．mayB．canC．shallD．must
21．—Can I wear any clthes I like t schl?
—N, yu can’t. Yu ________ wear the unifrm.
A．mightB．mustC．willD．wuld
22．—D we have t finish ur hmewrk this afternn?
—Yes, yu ________.
A．mustB．canC．mayD．might
23．—May I play cmputer games nw, Mum?
—N. Yu ________ finish yur hmewrk first.
A．mustB．canC．culdD．may
24．—Dad, must we wait until the light becmes green?
—Yes, I’m afraid we ________. That’s the traffic rule.
A．canB．mayC．have t
25．I didn’t knw ________ the wall, Amy didn’t knw ________.
A．which t paint clur; eitherB．which t paint; t
C．which t clur paint; tD．which clur t paint; either
26．I can’t decide __________.
A．what t d itB．hw shall I d it
C．hw t d itD．what shall I d it
27．We ften meet tgether and discuss ___________.
A．what t readB．abut t read what
C．t read whatD．abut what t read
28．—Where will yu g fr yur summer hliday?
—I haven’t decided where __________.
A．gB．wentC．gingD．t g
29．—Have yu decided when ________ a trip t Sanya?
—Nt yet.
A．takingB．takenC．t takeD．tk
30．Wuld yu please tell me ________ t d tmrrw?
A．whatB．hwC．whenD．where
31．—Which bk d yu like best?
— I can’t decide______.
A．Which ne t buy
B．t buy which ne
C．Buy which ne
D．which ne shuld I buy
32．He was t excited t knw what t _________.
A．speakB．tellC．saysD．say
33．----Mr. Wu has recmmended many bks. Have yu decided first?
----Yes. The Little Prince.
A．hw t readB．which t readC．when t readD．where t read
34．We are ging fr a picnic tmrrw. I'll call Wendy t make sure_______.
A．why t startB．which t startC．what t startD．when t start
35．--Have yu decided this afternn?
--A nvel.
A．where t readB．when t readC．hw t readD．what t read