初中英语牛津译林版八年级下册Grammar课堂教学课件ppt

《英语》（八年级下册）

Unit 4  A good read

Grammar

I. Teaching aims and learning objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. understand some new words and expressions and learn to use them;

2. learn to use question words + to-infinitives;

3. learn how to use must and have to.

II. Teaching contents

1. New words and phrases: hand, review, return, hand in, write about, and so on, ask help with

                      writing, on time

2. New structures: Millie has decided what to read.

 Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book.

 Simon forgot when to meet his friends.

 Kitty cannot decide which to choose first.

 Sandy is wondering where to ask for help.

 Amy does not know how to write the report.

 Mr Wu is always there to help us.

 “I must run away from them,” Gulliver thought.

 I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge.

 You must not smoke in the library.

 We do not have to go to school at weekends.

III. Focus of the lesson and predicted area of difficulty

1. Learn to use question words + to-infinitives.

2. Learn how to use must and have to.

IV. Teaching procedures

A  Using question words + to-infinitives

Step 1 Warming-up

1. Review the story Gulliver’s Travels

  T: What’s the story about?

S: The story is about Gulliver’s trips in some strange countries. A lot of amazing things happened. And he also had a lot of difficulty. It’s exciting and interesting.

2. Lead in question words + to-infinitives

Gulliver’s feelings in Lilliput: Gulliver didn’t know what to say.

Gulliver didn’t know how to get away.

【设计意图：本环节通过格列佛的故事来导入本课目标语法之一。这样做一方面学生有话可说，另一方面，导入自然。】

Step 2 Learn to use question words + to-infinitives

1. Free talk

  T: Could Gulliver run away at last? If Gulliver could run away, how did he do it? If Gulliver couldn’t run away, what difficulty did he have?

2. Rewrite the sentences

T: Good job. Gulliver met so many difficulties. Try to rewrite the sentences about Gulliver’s difficulties with question words + to-infinitives.  

(1)    He didn’t know where he could find other people/where to find other people.

(2)    He didn’t know how he could break the ropes/how to break the ropes.

(3)    He wondered who he could ask for help/who to ask for help.

(4)    He didn’t know what he could do with the tiny men/what to do with the tiny men.

(5)    He couldn’t decide when he should leave Lilliput/when to leave Lilliput.

2. Translate the sentences

  T: Translate the following six sentences, using question words + to-infinitives.

3. Work out the rule

T: We can use a question word + to-infinitive after a verb. Can you work out any rules about this structure?

S: All question words can be used in this way, except “why”.

【设计意图：进一步挖掘格列佛可能遇到的问题，从而过渡到语法结构的用法。在学生有一定了解的情况下，鼓励学生自己尝试，并得出规则，让学生学会自主学习。】

Step 3 Learn to use verbs + objects + question words + to-infinitives  

1. Lead-in

T: Gulliver wanted to leave Lilliput, but he didn’t know how to talk to the tiny people. He wanted to get a map, because it could show him where to go.

  We can use a verb and an object before the structure.

2. Complete the sentences

T: Complete the sentences, using a verb and an object before question words + to-infinitives.

3. Work out the rule

  (1) verbs used with question words + to-infinitives

  (2) verbs used with objects + question words + to-infinitives

Step 4 Learn to use verbs + question words + nouns + to-infinitives

     Learn to use adjectives + question words + to-infinitives

1. Lead-in

T: Gulliver wanted to leave Lilliput, but he should know how to talk to the tiny people and learn what language to speak. If he had a map, it will tell him where to find the boat. It also shows him which way to go.

2. Learn how to use verbs + question words + nouns + to-infinitives

T: Try to translate the sentences.

(1) 他还没决定买哪本书。

(2) 他们在讨论暑假去几个地方游玩。

3. Learn how to use use adjectives + question words + to-infinitives

  T: We can use an adjective like sure or clear before a question word. Try to translate the sentences.

(1) 我不确定怎样照顾电子狗。

(2) 你清楚下一步该做什么吗？

4. Complete the sentences

  T: Complete the sentences according to the pictures.

5. Complete the conversation

  T: Amy and Daniel are talking about their Reading Week. Complete their conversation. Use the correct question words and to-infinitives.

7. Summary

【设计意图：进一步利用格列佛的故事创造语境，在语篇中呈现语法知识，学生先对语法现象形成一定的感性认识，再通过教师的引导，根据语境归纳和总结语法规则。】

B  Using must and have to

Step 1 Presentation

1. Gulliver’s choice

T: At last, Gulliver learned to talk to the tiny men, and he was taken to the king. However, if he wanted to leave Lilliput, he must agree to 8 certain things.

T: If you are Gulliver, will you agree?

【设计意图：继续利用格利佛的故事，创设语境，在语篇中自然引出must和have to。将语法项目放入语篇中，让学生先形成一定的感性认识，然后在语篇中体会语法的意义与功能。】

2. Differences between must and have to

  We use must when the speaker feels that something is necessary.

  We use have to when the situation makes something necessary.

3. Group discussion

T: Work in groups and talk about what rules we should obey when we are in the library, using must, must not, have to and don’t have to.

4. Complete the sentences

  T: Complete the library rules with must, must not, have to or don’t have to.

5. Work out rules

Step 2 Practice

1. Group discussion

  T: Work in groups and discuss what we must/mustn’t/have to/don’t have to do in a public place? In the classroom/In the cinema/In the park/In the hospital ...

    Choose one place and write down the sentences.

2. Rewrite the story

T: Rewrite the ending of Gulliver in Lilliput, using what we have learned today (question words + to-infinitives; must & have to).

【设计意图：通过学生的实践和参与，通过多种形式的合作和交流，通过对课堂活动的延伸，进一步提高学生对语言的综合运用能力。】

V. Homework

1. Revise what we’ve learnt today.

2. Finish writing the ending of Gulliver in Lilliput.