北师大版高中英语必修第二册UNIT4 Section B课时学案含答案

这是一份北师大版高中英语必修第二册UNIT4 Section B课时学案含答案，共53页。
Section B　Lesson 1　AvatarsⅠ.基础词汇1．________________ n. 实验vi. & vt. 做实验，进行试验2．________________ n. 类型，种类vi & vt. 打；打字3．________________ n. 担忧，忧虑v. 与……有关；使担心4．________________ vt. 欺骗；欺诈n. 骗子5．________________ vt. 想要；想做adj. 花哨的；别致的6．________________ n. 诡计；花招vt. 欺骗，诱骗，哄骗7．________________ n. 博客；网络日志vi. 写博客8．________________ n. 性别Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．create v．创造→________ adj.创造性的→________ n．创造力；独创性2．obvious adj.明显的→________ adv.显而易见地，明显地3．select v．挑选→________ n．供选择的同类物品；选择4．vary v．变化→________ adj.各种各样的→________ n．多样化，变化5．sense n．感觉；理智→________ adj.朴素实用的；明智的，合理的→________ adj.敏感的6．image n．图像；形象→________ vt.想象→________ n．想象力7．identity n．身份，特征；同一，一致→________ adj.同一的，完全相同的8．now(现在)＋a＋days(日子)→________ adv. 现今，现时9．type vi & vt.打；打字　n．类型，种类→________ n．打字员10．view vt.看，把……视为→________ vt.复查，回顾，译审；复习11．virtual adj.(通过计算机)虚拟的，模拟的；实际上的；事实上的→________ adv.事实上地，实际上，几乎；虚拟地，模拟地→________ n．美德；德行Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)A 写出下列短语的汉意1．in fancy clothes ________________2．express oneself freely ________________3．trick others ________________4．create a digital identity ________________5．avoid online safety risks ________________6．more than one ________________7．have fun ________________8．a blog avatar ________________9．more or less ________________10．experiment with ________________11．in virtual worlds ________________12．become afraid of ________________13．in a more positive light ________________14．look forward to ________________B 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语1．________________ 各种各样的2．________________ 有能力做……3．________________ 根本不……4．________________ 给……穿……5．________________ 代替，而不是 6．________________ 不同的发型7．________________ (＝move about)四处走动8．________________ 输入……9．________________ 上课10．________________ 引起担忧Ⅰ.课文思维导图Ⅱ.课文阅读理解1．What's the text mainly about?A.The Internet.B.Avatars.C.The effects of the Internet.D.The effects of avatars.2．Why did people begin having more than one avatar?A.To be seen by a few people.B.To attract opposite sexes.C.Not to be recognised by their bosses.D.To be seen by many people.3．If your blog avatar is a picture of a laughing monkey, you may be ________．A.a really funny personB.a really friendly personC.a really sad personD.a really generous person4．Which of the following is a risk of the use of several avatars?A.The passwords may be forgotten by their owners.B.The avatars will spread viruses.C.The avatars may be used to cheat others.D.The avatars may travel around bigger, more exciting virtual worlds.Ⅲ.课文语法填空The digital identities, 1.________ (know) as avatars, are a key part of how people use the Internet to communicate and express 2.________ (they).The first simple 2D avatars 3.________ (appear) in role­playing computer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide 4.________ (vary) of forms and uses. People had the power 5.________ (create) new identities that didn't look or act like their real selves at all. One person could have several avatars.The avatar you choose says a lot about your personality. However, nearly all avatars are tall, young and nice­looking, so people 6.________ (obvious) make their avatars look better than they do in real life.Nowadays, avatars are everywhere. The avatars in online worlds can talk, walk and fly around, meet people, go shopping and attend classes.Of course, the wide use of avatars has led 7.________ a few concerns. Some users are concerned that they are spending 8.________ much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others online. However, other users view avatars in a more positive light. They look forward to a time 9.________ their avatar will act like a real person and travel around bigger, 10.________ (exciting) virtual worlds.[词汇注释]①say a lot about透漏/说明关于……的很多信息②image/'ɪmɪdʒ/n.图像；形象③known as作为……而知名※(be) known to为……所知④a key part of...……的关键部分⑤express oneself表达自己⑥2D(2­dimensional) adj.二维的⑦role­playing computer games角色扮演电脑游戏⑧variety/və'raɪəti/n.多样化，变化※a variety of各种各样的varieties of各种各样的⑨have the power to do...有能力做……⑩identity/aɪ'dentəti/n.身份；特征※a new identity一种新身份⑪not... at all根本不……；完全不……⑫dress... in...给……穿……⑬fancy/'fænsi/adj.花哨的；别致的※fancy clothes华丽的衣服⑭sex/seks/n.性别※the opposite sex异性⑮instead of代替，而不是(介词短语)※instead of连接的成分须对等。⑯more than one不止一个……⑰sensible/'sensəbl/adj.朴素实用的；明智的，合理的⑱have fun玩得高兴※enjoy oneself玩得高兴⑲creativity/ˌkriːeɪ'tɪvəti/n.创造力；独创性※create vt.创造；创作creative adj.有创造力的creatively adv.创造性地⑳blog/blɒɡ/n.博客；网络日志vi.写博客(21) more or less或多或少(22)obviously/'ɒbviəsli/adv.显而易见地，明显地※obvious adj.明显的(23)experiment/ɪk'sperɪmənt/vi. & vt.做实验，进行试验n.实验※experiment with拿……做实验(24)hairstyle/'heəstaɪl/n.发型，发式(25)nowadays/'naʊədeɪz/adv.现今，现时(26)selection/sɪ'lekʃən/n.供选择的同类物品；选择※a selection of各种……可供选择(27)move around＝move about四处走动(28)type/taɪp/vi & vt.打；打字　n．类型，种类※type in键入；输入(29)attend classes＝attend a class上课(30)concern/kən'sɜːn/n.担忧，忧虑　vt.与……有关；使担心※cause a few concerns引起一些担忧(31)virtual/'vɜːtʃuəl/adj.虚拟的；模拟的※virtual worlds虚拟世界(32)become afraid of变得害怕……※be afraid of害怕(33)cheat/tʃiːt/vt.欺骗；欺诈※cheat sb. out of sth.从某人那里骗得某物(34)view/vjuː/vt.看，把……视为(35)in a more positive light以更加积极的态度，从更加积极的角度(36)look forward to期待……※look forward to＋名词/代词/动名词(37)act like表现得像……[教材原文]The avatar you choose says a lot about① you. The article will help you understand your choice of avatars better.When you are online, you can be anyone or anything. You can create your own image② and a new personality. These digital identities, known as③ avatars, are a key part of④ how people use the Internet to communicate and express themselves⑤.The first simple 2D⑥ avatars appeared in role­playing computer games⑦ in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety⑧ of forms and uses. By__the__late__1990s,__they__had__been__used__in__web__chats.[1][1]“by＋过去某个时间点”与过去完成时连用。过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。句中的they指代前文的avatars。When people started creating their own avatars, they__discovered__that__they__were__going__to__have__the__power__to⑨__create__new__identities⑩__that__did__not__look__or__act__like__their__real__selves__at__all⑪.[2] They could dress their avatars in⑫ fancy⑬ clothes, or they could try being someone of the opposite sex⑭， and call themselves “Andy” instead of⑮ “Anna”！ When Internet users realised that their avatars would be seen by many people, not just their friends, they started having more than one⑯ avatar: a sensible⑰ one for work; a friendly, good­looking one for meeting people; and a silly one for having fun⑱. Avatars let you express yourself and give you lots of room for creativity⑲.[2]they discovered是主句，第一个that引导宾语从句，第二个that引导定语从句，修饰identities, that在从句中作主语。Of course, the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality. If your blog⑳ avatar is a picture of a cute cat, your message is “I like relaxing and having fun”. Well­known cartoon characters or laughing monkeys say “I'm a really funny person”. Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less21 like them and act like them. However, nearly all avatars are tall, young and nice­looking, so people obviously22 make their avatars look better than they do in real life. They also experiment23 with things like different hairstyles24— which__says__a__lot,__perhaps,__about__what__they__want__to__look__like. [3][3]which引导非限制性定语从句，对前面整个主句的内容进行解释说明。有时为了行文需要，达到醒目和强调的效果，使用破折号代替逗号。Nowadays25, avatars are everywhere. In most web chats, people choose an avatar from a selection26 of ready­made images, or create their own images. You can also use avatars that move around27 and talk when you type28 in your message. The avatars in online worlds can talk, walk and fly around, meet people, go shopping and attend classes29.The use of avatars has also caused a few concerns30. Some users worry that__they__are__spending__so__much__time__in__virtual31__worlds__that__they__are__becoming__afraid__of32__meeting__people__in__the__real__world.[4] The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat33 others online. However, other users view34 avatars in a more positive light35. They look forward to36 a time when their avatar will act like37 a real person and travel around bigger, more exciting virtual worlds.[4]句中worry后的that从句作worry的宾语从句，so... that引导一个结果状语从句。[汉语译文]你选择的虚拟形象能透露出你的很多信息。这篇文章将帮助你更好地理解关于虚拟形象的选择。当你上网时，你可以是任何人或任何事物。你可以创设自己的形象(image)，并且拥有新的个性。这些数字身份，被称作“虚拟形象”，这是人们利用互联网进行交流和表达自己的关键部分。简单的二维(2D)虚拟形象最早出现在20世纪80年代的角色扮演电脑游戏中，当时，很少有人知道虚拟形象后来会有如此广泛的形式和用途(variety多样化)。20世纪90年代末，虚拟形象被用于网络聊天。人们开始创设自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将有能力创设一种新的身份(identity)，这种身份在相貌和行为上可以与真正的自我完全不同。他们可以给自己的虚拟形象穿上华丽的(fancy)衣服，或者尝试换个性别(sex)，可以给自己取名为“安迪”，而不是“安娜”！当互联网用户意识到很多人会看到他们的虚拟形象，而不仅仅是他们的朋友时，他们开始使用不止一个虚拟形象：一个朴素实用的(sensible)虚拟形象用于工作；一个友好的、好看的虚拟形象用于交友；一个傻乎乎的虚拟形象用于取乐。虚拟形象让你可以表达自己，还给你很多创造(creativity)空间。当然，你所选择的虚拟形象会在很大程度上显露你的个性。如果你的博客(blog)头像是一只可爱的猫，你传递的信息是“我喜欢放松和享受”。知名的卡通角色或微笑的猴子传递的信息是“我是个很有趣的人”。大多数人创设的虚拟形象与他们的个性有着相似的特征，看起来或多或少像他们，在行为上也像他们。然而，几乎所有的虚拟形象都个子高挑、样貌年轻、面容姣好，所以人们显然(obviously)想让他们的虚拟形象看起来比现实生活中更好。人们还进行新的尝试(experiment)，例如换上不同的发型(hairstyle)，这可能从很大程度上透露了他们希望自己看起来是什么样子。现在(nowadays)，虚拟形象无处不在。在大多数网络聊天中，人们都是从现成的图片中选择(selection)一个作为虚拟形象，或者创建自己的图片。当你输入信息时(type打字)，你也可以让虚拟形象活动起来或说话。网络世界中的虚拟形象可以交谈、走路、飞行，还可以结识他人、购物和上课。虚拟形象的使用也引起了一些担忧(concern)。一些用户担心他们在虚拟(virtual)世界中花费了太多时间，以至于开始害怕在现实世界中与人见面。使用多个虚拟形象也可能会带来风险，因为有人可能会在网上使用虚拟形象来欺骗(cheat)他人。但是，其他用户则以更为积极的态度看待(view)虚拟形象。他们期待着有朝一日，自己的虚拟形象会像真人一样去环游更广阔、更精彩的虚拟世界。►第一版块|核心单词1)trick vt.欺骗，诱骗，哄骗　n．诡计；花招；把戏；戏法；诀窍　tricky adj.狡猾的，诡计多端的；棘手的，难对付的) (教材原句)to trick others欺骗别人trick sb. out of sth. (trick vt.) 从某人处骗走某物trick sb. into doing sth. 诱使/骗某人做某事play tricks/a trick on (trick n．) 捉弄……❶He did not believe you had the courage to trick him.他不相信你有胆量欺骗他。❷The boy's partner tried to trick him out of his toy.小男孩的伙伴企图骗走他的玩具。❸I was tricked into signing that contract.我被骗签了那份合同。❹They had to think of a trick to get past the guards.他们只好想出个计谋骗过卫兵。❺You can't fool me with that old trick!你玩弄那种老花招骗不了我！❻Magicians often perform tricks such as pulling a rabbit out of a hat.魔术师常常变从帽子里抓出兔子的戏法。❼Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language.日常练习是学会一门外语的诀窍。❽The boys hid Jone's bike to play a trick on him.这些男孩儿把乔恩的自行车藏起来捉弄他。[归纳拓展](1)表示“捉弄”或“开某人玩笑”的短语：play jokes on(＝play a joke on) 开……的玩笑，戏弄tell jokes/a joke 讲笑话make a joke of sth. 拿某事开玩笑make fun of 取笑laugh at 嘲笑(2)cheat/fool sb. into doing sth.＝trick sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事cheat sb. (out) of sth.＝trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物[相关拓展]　perform magic tricks表演魔术trick or treat不给糖就捣蛋(用于万圣节孩子讨要糖果)a trick of the trade行业诀窍a trick of...……的诀窍[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Here are a few ________ (trick) for remembering what you read.②He was tricked into ________ (tell) the place where he had hidden the money.③The salesman was able to trick the old lady ________ of her money.④Kids will play ________ trick on you if you don't give them a treat.写出句中trick的词性及含义⑤Everything I cooked was a trick of my mother's.________⑥Many a person has been taken in by that trick.________⑦Don't try to trick me with words into giving the secret out.________完成句子⑧Watching the old man, she was going to ________________ (捉弄) him.2)variety n．多样化，变化；种类，品种　various adj.各种各样的　vary v．变化　varied adj.各种各样的) (教材原句)Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses.当时，很少有人知道虚拟形象后来会有如此广泛的形式和用途。a variety of(＝varieties of) 各种各样的a great/wide/large variety of 各种各样的a variety of/varieties of＋n.＝various＋n. 各种各样的……a variety of activities/reasons＝various activities/reasons 各种各样的活动/理由❶A variety of food is sold at the supermarket.(“a variety of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数)超级市场各式各样的食物均有售卖。❷There are different varieties of plants in the garden.花园里有各种各样的植物。❸A variety of activities/Varieties of activities are offered by the park.公园提供各种各样的活动。❹The variety of activities in this park is rich.这个公园里的活动丰富多样。vary with 随……而变化vary in 在……方面有差异vary from... to... 从……到……不等，在……到……之间变化vary between... and... 在……和……之间变化❺The prices of some goods vary with the season.某些货物的价格随着季节的变化而变动。❻Cherries vary in colour from almost black to yellow.樱桃的颜色由近乎黑到黄各不相同。❼The houses in this village vary between being very short and being very tall.这个村子的房子差别很大，有的非常低矮，有的十分高大。❽Libraries will often hold reading­group sessions targeted to various age groups.图书馆将经常举办针对不同年龄群体的读书会。❾It is necessary that your diet is varied and balanced.(various侧重于“不同”；varied侧重于种类数目的“多”)饮食多样化和均衡是很有必要的。[误区警示]　a variety of＋可数名词复数＋复数谓语动词(主语的中心词是名词复数)varieties of＋可数名词复数＋复数谓语动词(主语的中心词是名词复数)the variety of＋可数名词复数＋单数谓语动词(主语的中心词是variety)[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Join us to taste a ________ (vary) of fresh local food and drinks.②There are several ________ (variety) of noodles available on the market.③The colours vary ________ yellow to red.④There are ________ (vary) ways of solving the problem.⑤Demand for certain products varies ________ the season.⑥Class numbers vary ________ 30 and 40 in our school.⑦Rooms vary ________ size and come equipped with hairdryers, television and telephone.⑧The amount of sleep we need ________ (vary) from person to person.完成句子⑨People change their mind for ________________ (各种各样的原因).⑩Her feelings ________________ (时而喜悦，时而恐惧) as she watched him fight.⑪Rents ________________ (从几百美元到几千美元不等) in large cities.3)image n．图像；形象　当“(心目中的)形象，印象”讲时是可数名词) create a new image 创造新形象a negative image 负面的形象a positive image 正面的形象improve/harm one's image 改善/损害某人的形象images of the past 对过去的印象one's image in the mirror 某人在镜中的映像be the image of... 酷似……；和……非常相像have a good image of... 对……有良好的印象❶His public image is very different from the real person.他们在公众心目中的形象与他真实的本人截然不同。❷He's the image of his father and they have the same personality.他酷似他的父亲，并且他们有相同的性格。[语境助记]　It should be taken in colour and must not have been beautified with image filters.它应该是彩色的，不能用滤镜美化。[即学即练]　翻译句子①他的长相酷似他的父亲。________________________________________________________________________②他们对此地有良好的印象。________________________________________________________________________③这有助于增进香港的形象。________________________________________________________________________④这有损于香港的形象。________________________________________________________________________4)fancy adj.花哨的；别致的；昂贵的；奢华的　vt.想要；自负；自认为是　n．喜爱；想要；想象的事物) (教材原句)They could dress their avatars in fancy clothes, or they could try being someone of the opposite sex, and call themselves “Andy” instead of “Anna”！他们可以给自己的虚拟形象穿上华丽的衣服，或者尝试换个性别，可以给自己取名为“安迪”，而不是“安娜”！(1)fancy adj.花哨的；别致的；时髦的；豪华的❶She wants to buy a handbag, not fancy but strong.她想买一个手提包，不要花哨，而要耐用。❷A fancy hairstyle will be great for a party.参加聚会梳个时尚发型很不错。❸You're always taking me to fancy restaurants.你总是带我去豪华的餐馆。(2)fancy vt.想象；认为；想要　n．喜爱；幻想；想象力fancy one's doing sth. 想象某人做某事fancy doing sth. 喜欢做某事；想象做某事fancy oneself 自以为是fancy oneself (as/to be) 自以为是(某种人才)；认为自己(可以成为……)❹I can't fancy working with such a man.我不能想象和这样的人一起工作。❺She fancies herself as/to be a singer but she doesn't have a very good voice.她自以为是歌唱家，但是她的嗓音并不怎么好。❻He fancies that he can succeed without working hard.他以为不用艰苦劳动就能成功。have a fancy that... 认为/觉得……have a fancy to do sth. 想做某事have a fancy for 喜欢，想要；热衷于take a fancy to 喜欢；爱上catch/take the fancy of sb. 引起某人的兴趣/喜欢❼I have a sudden fancy to go out for a walk.我突然想出去散散步。❽I have a fancy for some wine with my dinner.我喜欢在晚餐时喝点葡萄酒。❾Lucy took a fancy to Chinese culture when she was still a young girl.露西还是个小女孩的时候就喜欢上了中国文化。[语境助记]　But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.(that引导定语从句，that在从句中作主语)但是“一便士报纸”这个词组引起了公众的兴趣，很快就会出现真正只卖一便士的报纸。I have a fancy that Johua will come.我认为Johua会来。[即学即练]　写出句中fancy的词性及含义①She makes most of her own clothes, copying any fashion which takes her fancy.________②He's hoping to get the job but I don't fancy his chances.________③Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels.________④It's not worth spending 200 dollars on a fancy purse.________单句语法填空⑤I can't fancy his ________ (do) such a thing.⑥Her husband has a fancy ________ classical music.⑦You can tell that she fancies ________ (she) from the way she dresses.⑧She ________ (fancy) herself in the arms of her own dear mother.⑨Many foreigners take a fancy ________ the unique artworks of my hometown.⑩She fancies herself ________ a serious actress.5)identity n．身份；特征；同一性) identity card(缩写为ID card) 身份证one's real/true identity 某人的真实身份a sense of national/cultural/social identity 民族/文化/社会认同感cultural identity 文化身份，文化认同social identity 社会身份，社会认同find out one's identity 查明某人的身份give sb. an identity 给予某人身份hide one's identity 隐瞒某人的身份give away one's identity 无意间透露某人的身份change one's identity 改变身份personal identity 个性❶Do you have any proof of identity？你有身份证明吗？❷New members will be issued with a temporary identity card.新成员将配发临时身份卡。❸I wanted a sense of my own identity.我需要确立自身的个性意识。[语境助记]　I'm Tyson's little brother, but that's only part of my identity．我是泰森的弟弟，但那只是我身份的一部分。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Their ________ (identity) were kept secret when they attended the gathering.②He felt that having a job gave him ________ identity.③It was easy to guess the identity ________ the thief.6)sensible adj.朴素实用的；明智的，合理的；意识到的(→sensibly adv.明智地；合理地)) (教材原句)．.. a sensible one for work; a friendly, good­looking one for meeting people; and a silly one for having fun.一个朴素实用的虚拟形象用于工作；一个友好的、好看的虚拟形象用于交友；一个傻乎乎的虚拟形象用于取乐。in sensible shoes 穿着朴实的鞋子eat a sensible diet 饮食合理sensible advice 合理的建议be sensible of 知道……[句式]　It is sensible (of sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事是明智的。❶Wear loose clothing and sensible footwear.穿宽松的衣服和实用耐穿的鞋子。❷It might be sensible to get a lawyer.找个律师可能是明智的。❸That sounds very sensible to me.我觉得那听起来很合理。❹I am sensible of the fact that mathematics is a popular subject.我知道数学课受欢迎。❺Actually, it would be much more sensible to do it later.事实上，以后再办这件事可能要明智得多。❻It was very sensible of you to bring your umbrella.你带伞是很明智的。❼He decided, very sensibly, not to drive when he was so tired.他很累，所以决定不开车，这是很明智的。[学法点拨]　[知识拓展]　a sense of ……感make sense有道理；讲得通make sense of理解；明白be sensitive to对……敏感；对……体贴[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Are you sensible ________ the danger of your position?②Rare resources should be used ________ (sensible).③The ________ (sense) thing is to leave them alone.④It is sensible ________ (go) to work by subway instead of by car in the morning.选词填空sensible/sensitive⑤As you know, coral is very ________ to water temperature.⑥We figured the ________ thing to do was to wait.完成句子⑦Do you think ____________________________ (对他来说是明智的) to donate all his savings to the quake area？7)creativity n．创造力；独创性(→creative adj.创造性的，有创意的　creatively adv.创造性地，有创造力地)　create vt.创造，创作；引起，产生) (教材原句)Avatars let you express yourself and give you lots of room for creativity.虚拟形象让你可以表达自己，还给你很多创造空间。artistic creativity 艺术创造力have creativity 有创造力express/show creativity 表达/显示创造力develop/encourage creativity 发展/激发创造力❶A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting man's intelligence and creativity.城市是人类的手和大脑的产物，反映了人类的智慧和创造力。❷When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were.当我母亲看到我的作品时，她告诉我我的设计是多么有创意。❸Teachers should inspire all students to think creatively.老师应该激励所有学生发挥创造性思维。[知识拓展]　create wealth创造财富create a new image创造新形象create new jobs创造新的就业机会create a relaxed atmosphere营造轻松的氛围create a problem引起问题a creative writer一位有创造力的作家a course on creative writing创意写作课程the creative and performing arts创作与表演艺术[即学即练]　单句语法填空①________ (creative) and originality are more important than technical skills.②The new­media industry attracts young and ________ (create) people.③We need to find ways of dealing ________ (creative) and usefully with our feelings.8)obviously adv.显而易见地，明显地　obvious adj.明显的) (教材原句)However, nearly all avatars are tall, young and nice­looking, so people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life.然而，几乎所有的虚拟形象都个子高挑、样貌年轻、面容姣好，所以人们显然想让他们的虚拟形象看起来比现实生活中更好。be obviously wrong/important 显然错误/重要be obviously puzzled 显然感到不解be obvious to sb. 对某人来说显而易见[句式]　It is/seems obvious that...显然/很明显……＝It is clear/apparent that...＝obviously...显然……❶When we walked into that room, she was obviously shocked...当我们走进那个房间时，她显然很震惊……❷I know you don't like the painting but try not to make it so obvious.我明白你不喜欢这幅画，但是尽量别表露得那么明显。❸It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains.显然，进化应该选择更大的大脑。❹It was obvious to everyone that the child was self­focused.(it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句)大家一看便知，那个孩子以自我为中心。[语境助记]　Obviously Don had somehow made the vehicle move.＝It is obvious that Don had somehow made the vehicle move.显然唐用某种方法让车动了起来。[归纳拓展]　与obviously含义相近的词还有clearly, apparently, evidently等。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①________ is obvious that the new approach is very easy to use.②Most ________ (obvious), the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten.③She never complains, but she's ________ (obvious) tired.④They will ________ (obvious) be an extremely happy couple.一句两译很显然吸烟对我们的健康有害。⑤________________________________________________________________________(obviously)⑥________________________________________________________________________(obvious)9)experiment vi. & vt.做实验，进行试验　n．实验(→experimental adj.实验的，试验性的)) (教材原句)They also experiment with things like different hairstyles—which says a lot, perhaps, about what they want to look like.人们还进行新的尝试，例如换上不同的发型，这可能从很大程度上透露了他们希望自己看起来是什么样子。动词experiment：experiment with sth. 用……做实验/对……做实验experiment on sb./sth. 在……上进行实验/利用……做实验❶You can experiment with it and see what I mean.您可以拿它做个实验，然后就会明白我的意思了。❷Scientists are experimenting with a new drug.科学家们正在对一种新药做实验。❸It's cruel to experiment on animals.利用动物做实验是残忍的。名词experiment：do/perform/conduct/carry out an experiment 做实验an experiment shows/proves... 实验表明/证明……laboratory experiments 实验室实验a scientific experiment 科学实验in an/the experiment 在实验中by experiment 通过实验❹It's very cruel to perform an experiment on live animals.对动物活体进行实验是非常残忍的。[语境助记]　My assistant and graduate student is going to carry out an experiment next week.我的研究生助手下周要做一个实验。More studies are needed on the experimental new medicine．在试验性的新药物方面需要更多的研究。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①This opens the way for all sorts of clothes­based ________ (experiment).②The technique is still at the ________ (experiment) stage.③During his studies, Meucci started to experiment ________ electricity.④The scientist tried to ________________ (做实验) to find out the effect of the medicine on the mice.完成句子⑤They ________________(拿……做实验) a large number of patients and found the medicine very effective.10)selection n．供选择的同类物品；选择　select vt.选择，挑选→n.被挑选出来的人或物→selective adj.选择的；选择性的) (教材原句)In most web chats, people choose an avatar from a selection of ready­made images, or create their own images.在大多数网络聊天中，人们都是从现成的图片中选择一个作为虚拟形象，或者创建自己的图片。make a selection 作出选择a selection of 各种……可供选择make a careful selection 认真地挑选make the final selection 做最后的选择natural selection 物竞天择，自然选择a wide selection of shellfish 品种繁多的贝类a selection of folk songs 民歌选集❶The shop has a fine selection of cheeses.那家商店有各种精美奶酪可供选购。❷The final team selection will be made tomorrow.明天将确定队伍的最后人选。select... from... 从……中挑选……select...for... 为……挑选……select sb. to do sth. 选择某人当做某事select sb. as... 挑选某人当……❸John selected a card from the shelf.约翰从架子上选择了一张贺卡。❹Come and help me select a good place for our camp.过来帮我选个我们露营的好地方。❺We seem to have a selective memory for the best bits of the past.我们似乎对过去最美好的时光有选择性的记忆。[比较]　select/elect/pickselect书面用词，强调精选；elect按照一定的规章或法律，用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择；pick口语用词，多指从个人角度仔细挑选，也含任意挑选之意。[拓展]　be selected to do sth.被选拔做某事be selected/chosen as被选作……be selected for the national team入选国家队be selected as the leader被选为队长[即学即练]　单句语法填空①A ________ (select) of readers' comments are published below.②He looked through the suits and selected the cheapest one ________ me.③Daff was selected ________ the whole class to go on the trip.④Sales still happen, but buyers are more ________ (select).⑤Applicants ________ (select) for jobs on the results of a competitive examination.⑥There's always ________ wide selection of delicious meals to choose from.选词填空select/elect/pick⑦The committee is made up of men and women ________ by the people.⑧My wife is going with me to help me ________ out a new suit.⑨They ________ a diamond engagement ring.11)type vi. & vt.打；打字　n．类型，种类(→typist n．打字员)　typewriter n．打字机) (教材原句)You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you type in your message.当你输入信息时，你也可以让虚拟形象活动起来或说话。type out 打出type in/into 键入(计算机)type a letter 打信件type with two fingers 用两个手指打字this/that type of 这种/那种类型的a kind/sort/type of 一种all kinds/sorts/types of 各种类型的blood types 血型❶On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.在同一张纸上，写下或键入你的姓名、地址、电话号码和出生日期。❷When you type out the letter, it will take less space than this pencil copy.当你把这封铅笔写的信打出后，打印件篇幅要比原件少。❸The documents have been typed into a portable computer.文件已经被输入到一台便携式电脑里了。❹Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.把不同类型的衣服放在房间里不同的地方。❺She worked as a typist in a law office.[注意与typewriter(打字机)的区别]她在一家律师事务所当打字员。[语境助记]　She mixes with all types of people.她和各种类型的人打交道。I love this type of hairstyle.我喜欢这种发型。I have never really learned to type properly.我从未真正地学会正确地打字。[学法点拨]　type“类型，种类”，其同义词有kind, sort, class, category, species等。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Many women applied for the post of ________ (type).②Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody ________ (type) differently.③I have typed ________ some lecture notes for the benefit of those people who were absent last week.④Do you think the butterfly is ________ type of insect?完成句子⑤A person whose ________________ (血型) is AB usually has a double character.⑥I ________________ (打印了文本) to prepare for the Chinese lesson.12)concern n．担忧，忧虑　vt.与……有关；使担心　concerned adj. 挂念的；担心的；关切的，关心的；有关的，有牵连的　concerning prep.关于) (教材原句)The use of avatars has also caused a few concerns.虚拟形象的使用也引起了一些担忧。(1)n.担忧，忧虑；关心，关心的事with concern 关切地show/express concern about/for/over 对……表示担心/关心❶Across the country, sports injuries are a safety concern for young athletes.在全国范围内，运动损伤是年轻运动员的安全关切。❷I voiced my biggest concern to my mother.我把我最关心的事告诉了我妈妈。❸We are watching the unstable situation with concern.我们正关切地注视着不稳定的局势。❹I will show concern for my friends, even if it is only a comforting word.我会关心我的朋友，哪怕只是一句安慰的话。(2)vt.与……有关；使担心；涉及concern oneself with/about 关心……；担心……as far as sb. be concerned 在某人看来；就某人而言as far as sth. be concerned 就某事而言as concerns 关于；就……而论❺This is a great event that concerns the future of our company.这是关系到我们公司前途的大事。❻The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors.你房间里的大颜色决定涉及墙壁、天花板和地板。❼There is no need for you to concern yourself about where I was last night.你没必要关心我昨晚在哪儿。❽I get little money but I have time to concern myself with my children's studies.我没怎么挣到钱，但有时间关心孩子们的学习。❾For more information concerning the club, contact Mr Li.想了解更多有关该俱乐部的信息，联系李先生。 eq \o(○,\s\up1(10)) As concerns that matter, I don't think you are right.关于那件事，我认为你是不对的。[用法拓展]　be concerned that...　　　担心……be concerned about/for... 担心/关心……be concerned with 与……有关，关于；关注/关心 eq \o(○,\s\up1(11)) He didn't seem in the least concerned for her safety.对她的安全他似乎一点儿都不担心。 eq \o(○,\s\up1(12)) She was concerned that she might miss the alarm and be late.她担心自己会错过闹钟而迟到。[语境助记]　The President is deeply concerned about this issue.总统对这个问题深感担忧。Her latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment.她最近的一部纪录片是关于青年人失业问题的。Social anthropology is centrally concerned with the diversity of culture.社会人类学主要关注文化多样性。[误区警示]　concerned作前置定语时，意为“担心的；关心的”，作后置定语时，意为“有关的”。concerned parents忧心忡忡的家长the people concerned有关的人[即学即练]　单句语法填空①He heard nothing ________ (concern) this matter.②It's a waste of time to concern yourself ________ other people's troubles.③Many parents discourage their kids from playing sports or adventuring ________ concern of their safety.④The teacher showed particular concern ________ the disabled child.⑤The second question ________ (concern) our method of work.⑥You have to concern yourself ________ this matter.⑦Now similar ________ (concern) are being raised by the giants that deal in data, the oil of the digital age.完成句子⑧In my opinion, he ________________ (更关心自己的利益).⑨________________ (就我而言), I read anything I'm interested in.⑩A good doctor should always ________________ (关心) the health of his patients.13)cheat vt.欺骗；欺诈　vi.作弊，行骗　n．骗子；欺骗手段(→cheater n. 骗子　cheating n．行骗，欺骗行为)) (教材原句)The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others online.使用多个虚拟形象也可能会带来风险，因为有人可能会在网上使用虚拟形象来欺骗他人。feel cheated 感觉被骗cheat sb. (out) of sth. 骗取某人某物cheat sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做某事cheat in an exam 在考试中作弊cheat death 死里逃生❶That shopkeeper cheats his customers.那个店主欺骗顾客。❷The employers cheat workers out of cash.雇主骗取工人的现金。❸She cheated her aged aunt out of her fortune.她从年迈的姑妈那里骗得了财产。❹He cheated her into believing him a wealthy man.他骗她相信他是一个富翁。❺Don't play cards with him; he always cheats.不要和他打牌，他老是作弊。❻It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters.(cheat和cheater都可作为“骗子”)它防止那些与社会隔绝的人成为骗子的受害者。,[语境助记]　Our teacher does not allow cheating to go unpunished.我们的老师不容许欺骗行为不受到惩罚。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①He was cheated ________ of his money.②I doubt whether they are not cheating people ________ making the bargain sale.③When a relationship breaks up, they feel ________ (cheat) of their future.④Jones was shocked when she said that she didn't actually mind ________ (cheat).⑤It is mean to cheat the poor ________ their money.完成句子⑥Many workers ________________ (感觉被骗) by the boss's refusal (拒绝) to raise the pay.⑦He ________________ (骗他的朋友相信) that he was an honest man.14)view vt.看，把……视为　n．视野；见解；风景) (教材原句)However, other users view avatars in a more positive light.但是，其他用户则以更为积极的态度看待虚拟形象。view... as... 把……视为……view... with... 以……眼光看待……❶We view Li Ming as a partner.我们将李明视为合作伙伴。❷She viewed him with concern.她以关切的目光看待他。one's view on/about/of sth. 某人关于某事的看法at first view 乍一看；初见in view 在视线范围之内in view of 鉴于；考虑到；由于in one's view/opinion 在某人看来take the view that... 认为……on view 在展出come into view 出现在眼前have a good view of 对……一览无余❸My view of the harbor was blocked by the new building.新大楼挡住了我的视线，我看不见港口。❹In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.在寻找发现的故事时，我发现了这些人的故事，以及他们的生活如何改变了我们对世界的看法。❺In view of the weather, the event will be held indoors.考虑到天气的缘故，这项赛事将在室内进行。❻Whenever you buy a present, you should think about it from the receiver's point of view.无论何时买礼物，你都应该从接受者的角度考虑。❼Some people take the view that sometimes in life we have to take our chances in order to make progress.有些人认为我们在一生之中，有时候必须冒点儿险以求进步。❽The exhibits are on view from 8 a．m. to 5 p．m.展品从上午八时到下午五时展出。❾The village will come into view at the next turn.在下个拐弯处就可以看到村子了。 eq \o(○,\s\up1(10)) We can have a good view of the city from here.从这里我们可以把城市的景色尽收眼底。,[比较]　view/sight/scene/scenery·view指从远处或高处看到的景色；·sight指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色或自然风光；·scene是scenery的一部分，也常指戏剧、电影、小说等的场景、布景；·scenery指某一国家或地区总的自然景色。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Two of my sister's pictures are ______ view in the local Art Gallery.②You should respect the ________ (view) of others, and at the same time insist on what you think is right.③________ view of the low rainfall this year, residents have been warned not to waste water.④Silence may ________ (view) by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable.⑤When the car was first built, the design was viewed ________ highly original.⑥I didn't have ________ good view of the stage.⑦We take the view ________ it would be wrong to interfere.⑧As the bus sped up, the beautiful scenery of the Great Waterfall gradually came ________ view.⑨My films try to describe a journey of discovery, both for myself and the ________ (view).选词填空：view/sight/scene/scenery⑩The Great Wall is one of the most breathtaking ________ in the world.⑪A new chapter in a novel is something like a new ________ in a play.⑫The island offers such a wide variety of ________ and wildlife.⑬We are on the 12th floor, so there's a very nice ________ from the balcony.►第二版块|重要短语1)(be) known as作为……而出名；被称为……(后接身份)) ❶She is known as a self­focused poet.她是一位以自我为中心的诗人。❷These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.这些被称为自适应信号的光，大大减少了往返于工作和家庭之间的麻烦和花费。[拓展与归纳]be known for 因……而出名(后接原因)be known to 为……所知(后接对象)as is known to all/as we all know/as everyone knows 众所周知(as引导非限制性定语从句)❸He is better known for his film and TV works.他更为著名的是影视作品。[联想]　be famous as 作为……而出名be famous for 因……而出名[语境助记]　It's known to us all that Taiwan is a part of China.＝As is known to us all, Taiwan is a part of China.＝What is known to us all is that Taiwan is a part of China.＝As everyone knows, Taiwan is a part of China.[即学即练]　单句语法填空①He is ________ (know) to everybody.②LuXun is known ________ a great writer in China.③China is known/famous ________ its long history.④________ is known to all, Lu Yao wrote many famous novels.2)look forward to期待，盼望) ❶We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.(定语从句，修饰the benefits and fun)我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。❷We look forward to serving you.我们期待着为您服务。❸No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone looking up to you wishing they were that high.(looking up to...为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰someone, wishing后的宾语从句用了虚拟语气，表示难以实现的愿望)不管你认为自己多么不好，总会有人崇拜你，并希望能像你那样。❹He says that he's looking forward to increased types of books in the library.他说他期待着图书馆里图书种类的增加。make up for 弥补，补偿get on/along with 与……相处go on with 继续run out of 用完，用尽think highly of 对……评价高❺I have run out of patience with her.我对她已失去耐性。❻People think highly of the movie.人们对这部电影的评价很高。[知识拓展]　“动词＋副词＋介词”结构的短语还有：look down on轻视，瞧不起get down to开始做break away from脱离；逃离keep away from远离add up to总数为look up to尊敬；敬仰live up to不辜负catch up with赶上put up with容忍come up with提出，想出(答案等)[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The day was a happy day that all Iraqis have been looking forward ________．②We have been looking forward more and more ________ (eager) to ________ (see) you.③The day that we had been ________ (look) forward to ________ (come) at last.④It's time for us to get down ________ our business.3)have the power to do sth.有能力做某事；有做某事的能力) (教材原句)When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all.当人们开始创设自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将有能力创设一种新的身份，这种身份在相貌和行为上可以与真正的自我完全不同。[分析]　have the power to do...有能力做……，或有做……的能力；不定式作后置定语，修饰the power。❶Fathers have the power to dominate children and young people.父辈有控制孩子和年轻人的能力。have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事have the chance/opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事❷You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you're older.当你年纪大点儿时，你或许有机会做出最大的改变。❸Do you have the ability to finish the work within three hours?你有能力在三小时内完成这工作吗？[联想]　常见的后跟不定式作定语的名词结构还有：[即学即练]　单句语法填空①You will have the ability ________ (drive) a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you'll have to help those people with different learning disabilities.②Do the referee have the power ________ (send) him off the field?③We are the first generation with the power ________ (do) this.④We do not have enough power ________(lift) the fingers of the great Titan.►第三版块|疑难句型1)by＋时间　到……时为止，到……的时候) (教材原句)By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats. 20世纪90年代末，虚拟形象被用于网络聊天。❶He had lived in this old apartment in this district for thirty years by the end of last month.到上个月底为止，他已经在这个地区的这套旧公寓里住了30年。❷By the end of next month, he will have been away from his hometown for a whole year.到下个月底，他就离开家乡整整一年了。[归纳拓展]　(1)by the time＋一般过去时，主句通常用过去完成时，表示截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成。❸By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned maths by himself.到他十四岁的时候，他已经自学了数学。(2)by the time＋一般现在时(表示将来)，主句通常用将来完成时，表示截止到将来的某一时间，主句动作将已经完成。❹By the time this letter reaches you I will have left the city.你收到这封信时，我已经离开这个城市了。(3)如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，主句不用完成时，而应根据需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。❺By the time you get there the meeting will be over.等你到了那里的时候，会议就该结束了。[说明]　[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The phone was ringing, but by the time they got indoors, it ________ (stop).②By the 1970s, more than 100 new species ________ (find) in this area.③He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________ (graduate) from the university next year.④By the time he leaves university, he ________ (get) work experience so long as he takes a part­time job.完成句子⑤________________________________ (等我到达车站时), the train had already gone.⑥By the end of last year, the scenic spot ______________________________ (已经卖出) 5，000 panda souvenirs.2)so...that...如此……以至于(引导结果状语从句)) (教材原句)Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world.一些用户担心他们在虚拟世界中花费了太多时间，以至于开始害怕在现实世界中与人见面。(1)so是副词，其后跟形容词或副词。❶When the students saw the famous scientist, they got so excited that they cried out.当同学们看到那位著名科学家时，他们兴奋得大叫起来。❷The car is so expensive that I can't afford it.这辆汽车太贵了，我买不起。❸This is so difficult a problem that I find it hard to solve.这是一个如此困难的问题，我发现很难解决。❹I've had so many falls that I have pains here and there.我摔了很多跤，处处都疼。❺He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.他挣的钱太少了，无法养家糊口。(2)such...that也表示“如此……以至于”，但such修饰名词。❻It is such a little dog that it can't run fast. 这是一只如此小的狗，它跑不快。❼It was such nice weather that we were able to have lunch in the garden.天气是如此好，我们可以在花园里吃午饭。[归纳拓展]　(1)so＋adj.＋a(n)＋可数名词单数＝such＋a(n)＋adj.＋可数名词单数so cute an animal＝such a cute animal(2)so/such...that...结构中，so/such...置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构。❽So well did our group do in the experiment that we were praised by our teacher.我们小组在实验中做得很好，受到了老师的表扬。❾Such a big mistake did he make that the teacher criticized him.他犯了一个大错，老师批评了他。[误区警示]　little表示“少”时，用so修饰，表示“小”时，用such修饰。如：Though the money is so little, it's enough for such a little child.尽管这点钱如此之少，但对这么小的孩子来说，已足矣。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Miss Gao asked so difficult ________ question that nobody could answer it.②They are ________ interesting books that we all enjoy reading them.③It produces a deafening sound ______ painful that it temporarily disables a person.④It was ________ fine weather that they all went swimming.⑤We have ________ little money that we can't lend you any.⑥________ fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.⑦Such a precious gift did he give me ________ I was deeply touched.同义句转换⑧She is such a good teacher that we all love her.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(so...that...)⑨The kids have done so well that they deserve our praise and thanks.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(倒装句)⑩It was such an amazing scene that all people were attracted by it.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(倒装句)3)when引导的定语从句) (教材原句)They look forward to a time when their avatar will act like a real person and travel around bigger, more exciting virtual worlds.他们期待着有朝一日，自己的虚拟形象会像真人一样去环游更广阔、更精彩的虚拟世界。❶I'll never forget the day when/on which I met you.我永远不会忘记我遇见你的那一天。❷He will always remember the day when his father returned from Zhengzhou.他将永远记得父母从郑州返回的那一天。❸This was the time when she left for Beijing.这就是她动身去北京的时间。❹He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他将把野餐推迟到五月一日，那时他有空。[误区警示]　(1)先行词虽然表示时间，但关系词在从句中作主语、宾语时不可使用when，而要用that或which引导定语从句。❺I'll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together.我永远也不会忘记我们一起度过的那一天。(2)一般情况下，在关系副词when之前通常不加介词，如in，at，to，during等。但since when, by when却是例外。❻He joined the army, since when he has known a lot.他参军了，从那时起他懂得很多。❼They settled in Seattle, by when she had always lived in Washington.他们在西雅图定居下来，那时她一直住在华盛顿。[说明]　when引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，指代时间，充当状语，相当于“in/at/during等＋which”。其先行词须是表示时间的名词，如day，year，time等。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①This was a time ________ a great number of people went abroad.②He arrived in America, ________， some time later, he became a writer.③Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age ________ things were built to last.④He values so much the time ________ he spent on the farm with his friends.完成句子⑤This was a time ________________________________ (很多人失业) and had difficulty earning their living.⑥We'll graduate in July, ________________________________ (那时我们将去西藏旅行).⑦I shall never forget those years ________________________________ (我跟她一起生活).4)as引导的状语从句) (教材原句)The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others on line.使用多个虚拟形象也可能会带来风险，因为有人可能会在网上使用虚拟形象来欺骗他人。as引导状语从句有如下用法：·as引导原因状语从句。❶It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.按时缴纳电费很重要，因为晚交可能会影响你的信用。·as引导时间状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词表示的动作的同时性。❷As our car approached Mount Huang, it slowed down.我们的车接近黄山时，速度慢了下来。·as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然，即使”(从句须倒装)。❸Cold as it is, my elder brother wears only a shirt.尽管天气冷，我哥哥只穿了一件衬衫。·as引导方式状语从句，意为“以……方式”。❹They did as I had asked.他们是按照我的要求做的。·as引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”。❺John came as early as Mary did.约翰和玛丽来得一样早。[误区警示]　(1)as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形。❻Young as he is, he is equal to the task.他虽然年轻，但能胜任这项任务。❼Hard as it was raining, they went on working in the field.尽管雨下得很大，他们仍在地里干活。❽Try as he may, he will fail the examination.他尽管可能很努力，但还是会通不过考试。(2)除引导多种状语从句外①as也可作关系代词引导定语从句。❾I never heard such stories as he told.我从来没听过他讲这样的故事。 eq \o(○,\s\up1(10)) This experiment is simple, as indeed it is.这个实验很简单，它的确很简单。②as还代表先行句内容引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”。as这种定语从句的几个常用固定结构：as is known to all as we can see (from his accent)as you know as is mentioned above[语境助记]　He doesn't work as hard as I (do) (比较状语从句).他工作不如我努力。Happy as they were, there was something missing.(让步状语从句)虽然他们很快乐，但少了些什么。[即学即练]　写出句中as引导的从句类型①As it was getting late, I turned around to start for home.________________②As you make reading a regular part of your life, you'll understand the text better.________________③When in Rome, do as Romans do.________________④As is known to us, Nanjing is a famous city for her long history.________________⑤As I looked at his face, something occurred to me.________________⑥Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.________________⑦That's not as simple as it sounds.________________Ⅰ.单词拼写1．It is ________ (明智的) to think over and over before we make a decision.2．How can teachers improve their teaching so as to explore ________ (创造力)?3．Even our youngest teenagers can compose comments on a ________ (博客).4．Our teacher was making an effort to present a kind, awesome ________ (形象).5．The teacher made his effort to add a lot of ________ (别致的) activities to class.6．Stephen was indeed upset when he found out how Mary ________ (欺骗) him.7．New technology has enabled the development of an online ________ (虚拟的) library.8．Don't be tempted to ________ (作弊)—you'll never get away with it.9．We take the ________ (观点) that it is wrong to cheat.10．We tasted a __________ (挑选) of different vegetables which were cooked by different people.11．Is there a particular ________ (类型) of book he enjoys?12．She hasn't been seen for four days and there is ________ (担忧) for her safety.13．At the end of the book the adult's true ________ (身份) is discovered, and the bad guys get their just deserts.14．The country offers such a wide ________ (多样化) of traditional customs.15．Please state your ________ (性别) and date of birth below.16．Diet and exercise are ________ (明显地) important and awesome.17．This was demonstrated in a laboratory ________ (实验) with rats and it had an effect on humans.18．________ (现今) a lot of people work from home, which enables them to feel freer.Ⅱ.短语填空vary from...to..., take one's fancy, play tricks on, come into view, have the power to do, be known as, cheat sb.'s (out) of sth.1．She looked through the specific hotel advertisements until one of them ________________．2．One of the problems of old age is that your memory can start to ________________ you.3．A teenager's need for knowledge can __________ day ________________ day.4．The beautiful branch soon ________________．5．Nobody ________________ finish the work in such a short time.6．The old woman ________________ her such a large amount of money by the cheater that she sat down on the ground and cried.7．Lu Yao is ________________ a writer.Ⅲ.单句语法填空A1．It's an honour to be selected ________ (attend) the experiment.2．He was looking forward to ________ (meet) the retired manager.3．His family tricked him into ________ (go) home, and celebrated the Dragon Boat Festival.4．Schools appropriately use ________ (variety) methods of testing.5．Some people feel that experimenting ________ animals is obviously wrong.6．They were more concerned ________ how the wedding went on than what the host was saying.7．He decided, very ________ (sensible), not to drive when he was slightly tired.B 1．[北京卷]“And we won't play so loud or late！” Dario said. He was already looking forward to ________ (practise) the new music.2．This happened over and over, but we soon learned ________ (identify) different grasses like cockleburs (苍耳)...3．[2021·全国乙卷]The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of ________ (create) thinking.4．[2020·江苏卷]This actor often has the first two ________ (trick) planned before performing, and then goes for whatever.5．[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge ________ (vary) of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution.6．Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between ________ (image) of the same person making either a happy or an angry face.7．[天津二考]To understand the issue, let's take a look at three ________ (type) of “waits”．8．[2020·全国Ⅱ卷]Scientists in Louisiana were so ________ (concern) that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.9．Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated ________ her money.10．[江苏卷]But the most ________ (sense) form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.11．________ (obvious) Don had somehow made the vehicle move.12．[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two ________ (experiment).Ⅳ.单句写作1．他更为著名的是他的博客。He is better ______________________________ his blog.2．我对课题选择一点儿也不感兴趣。The topic selection is of no interest to me ________________________．3．如今谁没有收到过毁掉一整天的烦人的电子邮件呢？Who hasn't received an email ________________ annoying ________________ it ruined an entire day nowadays?4．随着年龄的增长她的信心和个性增强了。________________ she grew older she gained ________________ and personality.5．早上上班的时候搭地铁而不开车是明智的，因为它很方便。________________________ go to work by subway ________________ by car in the morning, because it is very convenient.6．就我而言，努力工作和有创造力远比天分更能帮助人们实现梦想。________________________， working hard and having creativity are far more important than talents in helping people realise their dreams.7．现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。Now I can walk to work ________________________________ going by car.8．人类有能力解决他们担心的问题。Humans ________________________________ the problems concerning them.Section B　Lesson 1　Avatars新知感知·自学导引Ⅰ.基础词汇1．experiment　2.type　3.concern　4.cheat　5.fancy6．trick　7.blog　8.sexⅡ.拓展词汇1．creative, creativity　2.obviously　3.selection　4.various, variety　5.sensible, sensitive　6.imagine, imagination7．identical　8.nowadays　9.typist　10.review　11.virtually, virtueⅢ.重点短语A1．衣着华丽　2.自由地表达自己　3.欺骗他人　4.创造数字身份　5.避免在线安全风险　6.不止一个　7.玩得高兴8．博客头像　9.或多或少　10.尝试……　11.在虚拟世界中12．变得害怕……　13.以更加积极的态度，从更加积极的角度　14.期盼，盼望B1．a variety of　2.have the power to do...　3.not... at all　4.dress... in...　5.instead of　6.different hairstyles7．move around　8.type in...　9.attend classes/attend a class10．cause concerns课文研析·语篇理解Ⅱ.课文阅读理解1．B　2.D　3.A　4.CⅢ.课文语法填空1．known　2.themselves　3.appeared　4.variety　5.to create6．obviously　7.to　8.so　9.when　10.more exciting核心探究·讲练互动►第一版块|核心单词1．①tricks　②telling　③out　④a　⑤名词，诀窍　⑥名词，花招　⑦动词，哄骗　⑧play a trick on2．①variety　②varieties　③from　④various　⑤with⑥between　⑦in　⑧varies　⑨a variety of/varieties of reasons　⑩varied between joy and fear　⑪vary from a few hundred dollars to thousands3．①He is the very image of his father.②They have a good image of the place.③That helped to improve Hongkong's image.④That harmed/hurt Hongkong's image.4．①名词，喜爱　②动词，认为　③形容词，豪华的　④形容词，花哨的　⑤doing　⑥for　⑦herself　⑧fancied　⑨to　⑩as/to be5．①identities　②an　③of6．①of　②sensibly　③sensible　④to go　⑤sensitive⑥sensible　⑦it is sensible of him7．①Creativity　②creative　③creatively8．①It　②obviously　③obviously　④obviously⑤Obviously smoking does harm to our health.⑥It is obvious that smoking does harm to our health.9．①experiments　②experimental　③with　④do/perform/conduct/carry out an experiment　⑤experimented with/on10．①selection　②for　③from　④selective　⑤are selected⑥a　⑦elected　⑧pick　⑨selected11．①typist　②types　③out　④a　⑤blood type　⑥have typed out a text12．①concerning　②with/about　③with　④about/for/over⑤concerns　⑥with　⑦concerns　⑧concerns more about his own interests　⑨As far as I'm concerned　⑩concern himself with13．①out　②into　③cheated　④being cheated　⑤of　⑥feel cheated　⑦cheated his friends into believing14．①on　②views　③In　④be viewed　⑤as　⑥a　⑦that⑧into　⑨viewer　⑩sights　⑪scene　⑫scenery　⑬view►第二版块|重要短语1．①known　②as　③for　④As2．①to　②eagerly; seeing　③looking; came　④to3．①to drive　②to send　③to do　④to lift►第三版块|疑难句型1．①had stopped　②had been found　③graduates　④will have got　⑤By the time I got to the station　⑥had sold out2．①a　②such　③so　④such　⑤so　⑥So　⑦that⑧She is so good a teacher that we all love her.　⑨So well have the kids done that they deserve our praise and thanks.⑩Such an amazing scene was it that all people were attracted by it.3．①when　②where　③when　④that/which　⑤when many people were out of work　⑥when we will have a travel to Tibet　⑦when I lived with her4．①原因状语从句　②时间状语从句　③方式状语从句④定语从句　⑤时间状语从句　⑥让步状语从句⑦比较状语从句课时达标·随堂自测Ⅰ.单词拼写1．sensible　2.creativity　3.blog　4.image　5.fancy6．tricked　7.virtual　8.cheat　9.view　10.selection11．type　12.concern　13.identity　14.variety　15.sex16．obviously　17.experiment　18.NowadaysⅡ.短语填空1．took her fancy　2.play tricks on　3.vary from; to4．came into view　5.has the power to6．was cheated (out) of　7.known asⅢ.单句语法填空A1．to attend　2.meeting　3.going　4.various　5.on6．about/for　7.sensiblyB1．答案与解析：practising　look forward to中to是介词，后接动词时要用动名词形式。句意：“我们不会玩得太大声或太晚！”达里奥说。他已经期待着练习新音乐了。2．答案与解析：to identify　learn to do sth.学会做某事。句意：这种情况一次又一次地发生，但我们很快就学会了辨认不同的草，比如苍耳草……3．答案与解析：creative　creative thinking创造性思维。句意：在参与者完成创造性思维测试时，研究人员对他们进行了不同程度的噪声测试。4．答案与解析：tricks　根据空前的two可知，应用名词复数。句意：这个演员通常在表演前就已计划好了前两个技巧，然后上场全力以赴。5．答案与解析：variety　此处表示“(语音)变化”，用名词形式。句意：自人类出现以来，我们使用的语音并不是一直保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂因素相互作用的产物。6．答案与解析：images　考查名词复数。句意：研究人员对11只狗进行了训练，让它们区分同一个人的表情，要么是高兴要么生气。7．答案与解析：types　数词three后跟名词复数。句意：为了理解这个问题，让我们看看三种类型的“等待”。8．答案与解析：concerned　be concerned that关注，担心。句意：路易斯安那州的科学家们非常担心，他们决定付给猎人5美元一条尾巴。9．答案与解析：of　cheat sb. of sth.骗取某人某物。句意：琼斯是在和一位被骗钱的老太太谈话后产生这个想法的。10．答案与解析：sensible　作定语应用形容词。句意：但最明智的适应方式肯定是使我们的能源系统减少碳污染。11．答案与解析：Obviously　用副词作状语。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。12．答案与解析：experiments　根据空前的two可知，应用名词复数。句意：为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。Ⅳ.单句写作1．known for　2.at all　3.so; that　4.As; in confidence5．It is sensible to; instead of　6.As far as I'm concerned7．instead of　8.have the power to solve