【寒假作业】人教版2019 高中英语 高二寒假巩固提升训练 专题04 定语从句复习(知识讲解 高考必考题型练习)-练习.zip
展开核心考点聚焦
1、关系代词引导的定语从句
2、关系副词引导的定语从句
3、非限制性定语从句
4、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
高考考点聚焦
概念:在全句中作定语的从句
先行词:定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
关系词:引导定语从句的词。分为:关系代词、关系副词。它有三个作用:1.引导定语从句 2.代表先行词 3.在从句中作句子成分
考点一:关系代词引导的定语从句
The little prblems that we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.
I live next dr t a cuple whse children ften make a lt f nise.
China Tday attracts a wrldwide readership,which shws that mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China.
考点二:关系副词引导的定语从句
We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week,when the weather may be better.
Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities where they can gain experience fr grwth.
D yu knw the reasn why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?
考点三:非限制性定语从句
1.非限制性定语从句三个特点: 对先行词起补充说明作用;用逗号与主句分开; 不可由that引导。
Yesterday I met Li Ping, wh seemed t be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍,她看起来很忙。)
The market, which was funded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday.
which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词,也可修饰整个句子。
A five-year-ld by can speak tw freign languages,which surprises all the peple present.
(一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。)
3. 在非限制性定语从句中,还可把all, sme,mst, nne或bth加上f which或f whm来修饰或限定先行词。
e. g. He lved his parents deeply, bth f whm are very kind t him.
(他深深地爱着他的父母,他们对他非常好。)
As引导的定语从句
1)限制性:在such, as, the same后: This is the same persn as came yesterday.
2)非限制性:As was expected, he perfrmed the task with success.[(不出所料) as作主语,谓语通常要有be]
考点四:“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用which或whm,且不能省略。
Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn which schl educatin depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which yu must pay yur bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2.“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级+f+which/whm”引导的定语从句,表示部分与整体关系。
Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears,nne f which has been prved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论,这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many yung peple,mst f whm were welleducated,headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
在非限制性定语从句中,whse修饰物时可以换为“the+名词+f which”;修饰人时,可以换为“the+名
词+f whm”。
The newlybuilt café,the walls f which (=whse walls) are painted light green,is really a peaceful place fr us,especially after hard wrk.
这家新建成的咖啡馆,墙被刷成了浅绿色,对我们来说,真是一个安静的地方,特别是在辛苦工作后。
a.关系代词 指人 1)作主语:I’m a scientist wh/ that studies animals such as apes and mnkeys.
2)作宾语:The girl (whm /wh/ that) I met yesterday is called Jane.
3)作定语:I had a student whse creativity wuld infect thers.
指物 1)作主语:I d nt like the nvels which/ that have unhappy endings.
2)作宾语:I’d like t see the car (which/that) yu bught yesterday.
3)作定语:The huse whse drs(=the drs f which /f which the drs) are green is my uncle’s.
b.关系副词 1)作时间状语(先行词是时间):July is the mnth when (=in which) nature’s berries are in abundance.
2)作地点状语(先行词是地点):Upstairs he had a studi where (=in which) he painted a little.
3)作原因状语(先行词是reasn):This is the reasn why (=fr which) he was late fr schl.
4)作方式状语(先行词是way):I dn’t like the way that (= in which) yu laugh at her.
c.介词+关系代词 Here was smene with whm I culd share my feelings. [=(whm /whm/that) I culd... with]
He has three children, tw f whm are cllege students. (部分与整体)
d.不能用that 1)非限制性定语从句:He changed his mind, which made me very angry.
2)直接位于介词后:These were all qualities fr which I had nce respected my elder brther.
3) peple, thse, ne等指人时多用wh:Peple wh reach ut t strangers feel gd.
e.只/多用that 1)先行词包括人和物:They talked abut the persns and things that mst impressed them.
2)序数词或最高级后:The first thing that shuld be dne is t wrk ut a plan.
This is the best dictinary (that) I’ve ever used.
3) 指事物的不定代词后:Nw all that was needed were the parents.
4)the nly/very后的事物:They are thught t be the nly insect that des this.
The Bird’s Nest is the very place (that) yu cannt miss when yu visit Beijing.
5)wh/which开头的问句中Wh is the girl that is talking t Tm in English?
Which is the huse that caught fire last night?
特别提醒
考情:定语从句是语法填空的常考点,必须重视。具体考点有:
1. 先行词是人时,用wh。
2. 先行词是物时,用which。
3. 当先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系,表示“……的”之意,用whse。
4. 引导非限制性定语从句且指物用which,如语法填空第7题。引导非限制性定语从句且指人用wh。
5. 先行词是表示时间或地点的词,在从句中作状语时,分别用when和where。
解法:首先判断是否为定语从句,是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句;然后看先行词是人、是物还是整个主句;再看代表先行词的关系词在定语从句中作何种句子成分,最后再确定填哪个关系词。
考点考法
关系词填空 1)关系代词 But Sarah, ______has taken part in shws, wants t prve… (答案为wh)
is pssible t have t much f bth, _______ is nt gd ...(答案为which)
a study___________ shwed a mere five t... (答案为that/which)
2)关系副词: ... ges back t my days, ______ I was the first Western TV reprter…(答案为when)
难点一 考查关系代词whse引导的定语从句
1. A persn ________ e-mail accunt is full wn’t be able t send r receive any e-mails.
A. wh B. whm C. whse D. whever
【解析】C。在所给的四个关系代词中,只有whse能用于名词用作定语,故选C。又如:A bkseller is a persn whse jb is selling bks. 书商就是其职业是卖书的人。
2. Many children, ________ parents are away wrking in big cities, are taken gd care f in the village.
A. their B. whse C. f them D. with whm
【解析】B。their是物主代词,不是关系代词,不能引导定语从句,所以不能选;在其余三个选 项中,只有whse能用于名词用作定语,故选B。句意为:许多孩子的父母外出到大城市打工去了,他们在 家乡被照顾得很好。
3. I was brn in New Orleans, Luisiana, a city ________ name will create a picture f beautiful trees and green grass in ur mind.
A. which B. f which C. that D. whse
【解析】D。在所给定的四个关系代词中,只有which和whse能用于名词用作定语,故可排除B和 C。而关系代词which和whse用于名词前作定语的区别是:which具有that或this的语义特征,而whse则 具有ne’s的语义特征。
难点二 考查关系代词which引导的定语从句
1. They’ve wn their last three matches, ________ I find a bit surprising.
A. that B. when C. what D. which
【解析】D。that不用于引导非限制性定语从句,故被排除;when可引导非限制性定语从句,但只 用于指时间,与句意不符,故也被排除;而what不是关系代词,不能用于引导定语从句,故也被排 除;which在此引导非限制性定语从句,并在定语从句中充当动词find的宾语。句意为:他们赢了最后三场 比赛,我发现这有点令人吃惊。
2. My friend shwed me rund the twn, ________ was very kind f him.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
【解析】A。由于两个句子之间没有并列连词,所以不能选B或D;而where是关系副词,不能用作 主语;which在此引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中用作主语。又如:Peter drve t fast, which was dangerus. 彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。
3. Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly ften, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. wh B. which C. when D. that
【解析】B。that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句,故可排除;when是关系副词,不用作主语,故 也可排除;wh用于指人,但这里的定语从句不是修饰her,而是修饰whenever I met her,故不能用wh, 此处应用which。又如:He said that he had never seen her befre, which was nt true. 他说他从 没见到过她,这是不真实的。
难点三 查关系副词where引导的定语从句
1. Mzart’s birthplace and the huse ________ he cmpsed “The Magic Flute” are bth museums nw.
A. where B. when C. there D. which
【解析】A。由于定语从句he cmpsed “The Magic Flute”的主语和宾语是完整的 ,所以不能选D;when指时间,不用于修饰表地点的先行词the huse,故也不能选;而there不是关系词, 不能引导定语从句。
2. It’s helpful t put children in a situatin ________ they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
【解析】D。由于定语从句they can see themselves differently的主语和宾语是完整的,所以 不能选A和C; when指时间,不用于修饰表地点的先行词a situatin,故也不能选。
3. Life is like a lng race ________ we cmpete with thers t g beynd urselves.
A. why B. what C. that D. where
【解析】D。由于定语从句we cmpete with thers t g beynd urselves的句子结构是完整 的,不缺主语或宾语,所以不能选C; why引导定语从句,其先行词只能是the reasn,而不用于其他场合 ,故不能选;what不是关系词,不能用于引导定语从句,故也可排除;where在此引导定语从句,修饰名词 race,相当于in which。句意为:人生就像一场长途赛跑,在赛跑中我们为了超越自我而与别人竞争。
4. I have reached a pint in my life ________ I am suppsed t make decisins f my wn.
A. which B. where C. hw D. why
【解析】B。定语从句修饰的先行词是a pint,不是my life。pint在此相当于一个抽象的地点 ,所以要用关系副词where来引导定语从句。又如:We have reached a pint where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。She had gt t the pint where she felt that she culd nt take any mre. 她到了她觉得自己再也不能忍受的地步。
5. — What d yu think f teaching, Bb?
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a jb ________ yu are ding smething serius but interesting.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
【解析】A。由于定语从句yu are ding smething serius but interesting是一个结构完整 的句子,不缺主语或宾语,所以不能选关系代词which或that,故可排除B和D;而关系副词when只用于修饰 表示时间的名词,故也可排除;where在此相当于in which,引导定语从句,并在定语从句中用作地点状语 。又如:I dn’t want a jb where I’m chained t a desk fr eight hurs a day. 我 不想要一份一天8小时都得守在办公桌前的工作。
难点四 查关系副词when引导的定语从句
1. She’ll never frget her stay there, ________ she fund her sn wh had gne missing tw years befre.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【解析】D。that不用于引导非限制性定语从句,故被排除;which引导定语从句必须在定语从句 中充当主语或宾语,与本题的句子结构不符,故也被排除;where引导定语从句时,其前先行词只能是表示 地点的名词,而本题的先行词her stay there(她待在那儿期间)不是表地点,而是表时间,故C也可排除; 关系副词when在此引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词her stay。句意为:她永远不会忘记她待在那儿的 那段时间,在此其间她找到了她两年前失踪的孩子。
2. Because f the financial crisis, days are gne ________ lcal 5-star htels charged 6,000 yuan fr ne night.
A. if B. when C. which D. since
【解析】B。when在此用于引导定语从句,修饰名词days。此题的难点是先行词days与关系副词 when之间被are gne,容易误解句子结构。句意为:由于金融危机,当地五星级宾馆每晚收费6,000元的 日子已经过去了。
难点五 考查“介词+关系代词”结构
1. Gun cntrl is a subject ________ Americans have argued fr a lng time.
A. f which B. with which C. abut which D. int which
【解析】C。当一个定语从句由“介词+which”引导时,其中介词的确定方法就是要 找到与之构成搭配的动词、名词、形容词等。在本题中,根据句意,句子所涉及的搭配是argue abut a subject(争论某个话题),所以答案只能选C。又如:I called him by the wrng name fr which mistake I aplgize. 我叫错了他的名字,为了这个错误我愿道歉。
2. She brught with her three friends, nne f ________ I had ever met befre.
A. them B. wh C. whm D. these
【解析】C。由于两个句子之间没有并列连词,所以不能选A或D;又因为是用于介词f之后作宾语 ,所以要用宾格whm,不用wh。句意为:她带来了三个朋友,我以前一个也没有见过。
真题感知
1.(2023年全国甲卷) The frm f the fable still has values tday, 63 Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw.”
【解析】分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整句话的内容。分析句意可知,此处应表示“正如”,故填As。
2.(2023年全国甲卷) “There was nce a twn in the heart f America 64 all life seemed t enjy peaceful c-existence with its surrundings,”
【解析】句意:曾经有一个位于美国中心的小镇,那里的所有生命似乎都与周围的环境和平共处-------。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处引导定语从句,该从句对空前的内容进行修饰和限定,先行词a twn为地点,且从句不缺少成分,因此用关系副词where引导该从句,故填where。
3. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species _______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
【解析】引导限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语,先行词species指物,且先行词前由all修饰,只能用关系代词that,故填that。
4. (2021全国新高考Ⅱ卷) I decided that if I learned f a cmpany ___________ used a lt f plastic, I’d send it an email urging it t cut back.
【解析】引导定语从句,从句中缺主语,先行词为cmpany,故填that或which。
5. (2020全国Ⅰ卷) Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt ________ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
【解析】先行词为spt,在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。
6. (2020全国Ⅲ卷) In ancient China lived an artist _______ paintings were almst lifelike.
【解析】指这位画家的画作,先行词为artist,引导定语从句并在从句中作定语,故填whse。
7. (2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷) The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum ____________ pened in 1759.
【解析】先行词为the British Museum,在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that,故填which或that。
8. (2020新高考全国Ⅱ卷) The Digital Wrld is a set f vlumes ______________ aim t describe hw digital systems influence sciety and help readers understand the nature f digital systems and their many interacting parts.
【解析】先行词为vlumes,在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词that或which。
9. (2019全国Ⅰ卷) Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9 am t 5 pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, _______ she pened with her late husband Les.
【解析】引导非限制性定语从句, 在从句中作pened的宾语,先行词为the pet shp,故用which。
10. (2019全国Ⅲ卷) They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring fr these animals.
【解析】引导定语从句, 从句中缺主语, 先行词为masters,故填that/ wh。
11. (2017全国Ⅲ卷) But Sarah, ______ has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.
【解析】非限制性定语从句,补充说明Sarah;先行词Sarah是人,在从句中作主语,故用wh引导,故填wh。
12. (2016全国Ⅰ卷) But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid-1980s, _______
I was the first Western TV reprter permitted t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.
【解析】非限制性定语从句,先行词是 the mid-1980s,并在从句中作时间状语,故用when。
提升专练
一、语法填空
1.This is the secnd schl I used t wrk at, and many students there still have cntact with me. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这是我过去工作的第二所学校,那里的许多学生仍然与我有联系。分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词schl,先行词指物,关系词在从句中作at的宾语,且先行词前有序数词修饰,只能使用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。
2.Thse want t g please sign their names here. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】wh
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:想去的人请在这里签名。分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Thse,先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词wh引导从句。故填wh。
3.The building rf yu can see frm here is a new restaurant. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whse
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:从这里你可以看到屋顶的那栋楼是一家新餐馆。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词the building。先行词在定语从句中作定语,所以用关系代词whse引导定语从句。故填whse。
4.He is such a persn is respected by all f us. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他是我们大家都尊敬的人。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a persn,先行词在定语从句中作主语,而且前面有such修饰,所以需要关系代词as引导定语从句。故选as。
5.I’ll never frget the mment ur team wn the match. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when/at which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记我们队赢得比赛的那一刻。分析句子结构,空处引导一个定语从句,修饰先行词the mment,指时间,且从句中缺少时间状语,所以应用关系副词when引导,或结合短语at the mment,使用“介词+关系代词”的结构引导该从句,先行词指物,关系代词应用which。故填when/at which。
6.In frnt f the classrms, there was a playgrund gt dusty n windy days and muddy n rainy days. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:在教室的前面,有一个操场,风大的时候会落满灰尘,雨天会变得泥泞。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰名词playgrund,指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用that或which引导定语从句,故填that或which。
7.He was nly 1.6 metres tall, made him the shrtest player ever in the NBA.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他只有1.6米高,这使他成为NBA历史上最矮的球员。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整个句子,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
8.In a system every decisin is made n the basis f traditin alne, it may be difficult t achieve prgress. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:在一个每一个决定都仅基于传统的系统中,可能很难取得进展。分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词system,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
9.A relatinship with a true friend t yu can turn in truble will surely prduce fruit. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whm
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:一个真正的朋友是你在困难时可以向他求助的人,这样的关系一定会结出硕果。分析句子结构可知,此处是介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,从句缺t的宾语,先行词是“a true friend”,指人,作介词的宾语,只能用关系代词whm引导从句。故填whm。
10.The air quality in the city, is shwn in the reprt, has imprved ver the past tw mnths. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:如报告所示,该市的空气质量在过去两月中有所改善。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词代指整个主句,在定语从句中作主语,且意为“正如”。故填as。
11.Tm, is my best friend, has gne abrad t study. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】wh
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:汤姆,我最好的朋友,已经出国留学了。分析句子,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,修饰先行词Tm,为人,故使用wh。故填wh。
12.It is an Australian cmpany lg lks like a red kangar. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whse
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这是一家澳大利亚公司,它的标志看起来像一只红色的袋鼠。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,从句缺定语,修饰“lg”,先行词是“cmpany”,故用关系代词whse引导。故填whse。
13.I am ging t talk abut the cuntries and peple I have visited. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我要谈谈我访问过的国家和人民。分析句子,设空处引导的是限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作宾语,修饰先行词cuntries和peple,先行词既有人又有物,故使用that。故填that。
14.It is cmpletely nrmal t struggle with the stress parent-child tensins create. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:与亲子关系紧张所产生的压力作斗争是完全正常的。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词stress是物,因此空格处是关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
15.Li Bai’s rmantic style was als deeply rted in the scial and histrical cntext he lived. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:李白的浪漫主义风格也深深植根于他所处的社会历史环境。分析句子可知,空格处应填入定语从句的引导词。先行词是cntext,意为“环境;背景”,是一个表示抽象地点的名词,故关系词在句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where。故填where。
16. I explained n the phne, yur request will be cnsidered at the next meeting. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】As
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:正如我在电话中解释的那样,你的要求将在下次会议上被考虑。分析句子结构可知,本空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句的内容,关系词在从句中作宾语,且空处放在句首引导定语从句,用as表示“正如”的意思。故填As。
17.她和她的家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于他们保持健康。
She and her family cycle t wrk, them healthy.
【答案】which helps keep
【详解】考查定语从句及主谓一致。根据句意及所给句子可知,句子描述目前事实,应用一般现在时;空前是主句,此处引导非限定性定语从句,关系词指代主句陈述的内容,作主语,应用关系词代词which引导,“有助于他们保持健康”译为help keep them healthy,关系代词指代主句内容,视为单数,从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填which helps keep。
18.This is the very scarf mther has been lking fr. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这正是妈妈一直在找的围巾。设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词scarf,指物,关系代词在从句中作宾语,并且先行词前有the very修饰,故只能用that引导。故填that。
19.The way yu came up with at the meeting yesterday is well wrth trying. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你昨天在会上提出的方法很值得一试。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是way,在从句中作宾语,应用that或者which引导。故填that或者which。
20.Please pass me the bk the cver f is green. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:请把那本封面是绿色的书递给我。此处为介词+关系代词结构的限定性定语从句,修饰先行词bk,关系词作介词的宾语,指物,应用关系代词which。故填which。
21.He failed in the examinatin, made his father very angry. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他考试不及格,这使他父亲非常生气。分析句子,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,指代前文的事实,为物,故使用which。故填which。
22. is mentined abve, what elderly peple in the nursing hme need is warmth and lve. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】As
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:如上所述,养老院的老人需要的是温暖和关爱。分析句子结构可知,本空填关系词As“正如”,作非制性定语从句引导词,修饰主句,位于句首,首字母大写。故填As。
23. is reprted in the newspapers, the number f the students in senir high schls is increasing. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】As
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:正如报纸上报道的那样,高中学生的人数正在增加。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是主句内容,关系词在从句中作主语,有“正如”之意,应用关系代词as引导,首字母应大写,故填As。
24. is the case with language learning, Chinese learning is bund t call fr lts f practice.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】As
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:就像语言学习一样,汉语学习必然需要大量的练习。分析句子结构,这是一个包含定语从句的复合句,先行词为后面一整句话,因定语从句的引导词位于句首且先行词为一整句话,使用关系代词as引导定语从句,表示“正如……;就像……”含义,故填As。
25.Hwever, the man, whm the bike belnged, decided nt t keep it. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】t
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:然而,这辆自行车的主人决定不保留它。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the man,指人,介词+whm引导定语从句,根据固定搭配belng t“属于”可知,空处应用介词t。故填t。
26.English is ne f the mst interesting subjects which I’m interested. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】in
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:英语是我感兴趣的最有趣的学科之一。分析句子结构可知,本句考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词为subjects,指物,且从句中的固定搭配为be interested in...表示“对……感兴趣”,所以应用in which引导定语从句,所以空格处应填介词in。故填in。
27.This is the man whm I referred. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】t
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这就是我之前提到的那个人。分析句子结构可知,本句考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词为the man,指人,结合从句中谓语动词refer的固定搭配refer t...表示“谈到,提到……”以及句意可知,应用t whm引导定语从句,所以空格处应填介词t。故填t。
28.The famus scientist whm my father nce wrked in Beijing went abrad last year. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】with
【详解】考查介词。句意:我父亲曾经在北京和他一起工作过的那位著名科学家去年出国了。此处为介词+关系代词结构定语从句修饰先行词scientist,根据短语wrk with可知应用介词with。故填with。
29.The rescue wrkers brught tents and lamps t the shelters the victims were staying. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】in which/where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:救援人员把帐篷和灯送到了受害者所住的避难所。________ the victims were staying是定语从句,修饰the shelters,在从句缺少地点状语,应该用关系副词where或介词in加关系代词which引导该从句。故填where或in which。
30.Can yu give me a case the three wrds hnesty, sincerity and bravery are used? (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where/in which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你能给我造一个使用诚实、真诚和勇敢这三个词的例句吗?分析句子可知,该句为定语从句,先行词是case,为表地点的抽象名词;从句中不缺成分,此处需用关系副词where或“介词+which”的形式;case与介词in搭配,表示“在这个例子中”,此处which代替先行词case,可用in which的结构。故填where/in which。
31.I’ll never frget the mment ur team wn the first place. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when/at which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记我们队赢得第一名的那一刻。分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词mment,先行词在从句中表示行为发生的时间,作时间状语,应用关系副词when作引导词,或结合短语at the mment,使用“介词+关系代词”的结构引导该从句,先行词指物,关系代词应用which。故填when/at which。
32.My parents always have a lt f farm wrk t d. They usually get up at five ’clck it’s still dark. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我父母总是有许多农活要做。他们通常在五点钟天还黑的时候起床。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词five ’clck,且关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when引导定语从句,故填when。
33.Self-driving is an area China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。 句意:自动驾驶领域是一个中国和世界上其他国家处在同一起跑线的领域。分析句子结构可知, “_______China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line”是定语从句,代词先行词an area在定语从句中作地点状语,因此用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
34.Sales directr is a psitin cmmunicatin ability is just as imprtant as sales skills. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:“销售经理是一个职位,在这个职位上,交流能力和销售能力一样重要。”分析句子,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词psitin,先行词指抽象地点,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
35.Have yu ever had a case smene des wrng t yu fr n reasn?(用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你有没有遇到过别人无缘无故欺负你的情况?分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是case,在从句中作模糊地点状语,表示“在这种情况中”,用关系副词where引导。故填where。
36.Bnes symbls were carved, knwn as “racle bnes”, have cntributed a lt t ur understanding f China’s past. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:雕刻符号的骨头,被称为“甲骨”,为我们理解中国的过去做出了很大贡献。分析句子结构,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词Bnes,指物,且从句中缺少地点状语,所以应用关系副词where。故填where。
37.It was a time I had n interest in study and wanted t drp ut f schl. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:那是我对学习没有兴趣,想退学的时候。定语从句修饰先行词time,在从句作时间状语,故用when。故填when。
38.After schl, there were many clubs t jin. The ne attracted me mst was the Rugby Club. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:放学后,有很多俱乐部可以参加。最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。此处为定语从句修饰先行词the ne,在从句作主语,指物,只能用that引导。故填that。
39.We are very curius abut the way she gave t the class. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我们很好奇她给全班同学的思路。分析句子结构,空处引导定语从句,指代先行词the way,且在从句中作gave的宾语,所以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
40.The scientist and his achievements yu tld me abut are admired by us all. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你告诉我的那位科学家和他的成就是我们大家都钦佩的。分析句子可知,此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是The scientist and his achievements,既有人又有物,关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语,只能使用关系代词that引导。故填that。
41.The yung man with father my uncle wrked in the earthquake rescue team is my best friend.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】whse
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:那个年轻人是我最好的朋友,他的父亲和我叔叔一起在地震救援队工作。句中先行词为The yung man,在定语从句中作名词father的定语,表示所属关系,所以用关系代词whse引导。故填whse。
42.I dn’t like the way yu talk t yur mther and yu must change that way.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/in which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式,你必须改变这种方式。way在定语从句中作先行词时,则定语从句的关系词为that/in which,故填that/in which。
43.I dn’t like the way she deals with the prpsal. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/in which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我不喜欢她处理这项提案的方式。分析句子结构可知,the way为先行词,从句中缺少状语,根据语法规则,the way作先行词,且从句中缺少状语时,应用that或in which引导,所以空格处应填that或者in which。故填that/in which。
44.The cuple live next t us vlunteered t help after the earthquake struck the area. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】wh/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:地震袭击这个地区后,住在我们隔壁的那对夫妇自愿帮忙。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填定语从句的引导词,The cuple是先行词,指人,空格处在定语从句中作主语,所以应用关系代词wh或that,故填wh或that。
45.The cmpany runs a client-centered management aim is t engage peple, invlve them and empwer them. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whse
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:该公司实行以客户为中心的管理,其目标是吸引人们,让他们参与进来,并赋予他们权力。此处缺少定语从句引导词,先行词是management,与从句中的aim是所属关系,应使用关系词whse。故填whse。
46.That day we talked abut many f the peple and things we remembered in primary schl. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:那天,我们谈论了许多我们记得的在小学时的人和事。此处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为the peple and things,先行词中既有人又有物,应用关系代词that引导,在从句中作remembered的宾语。故填that。
47.I wn’t frget the day I spent with yu n the farm. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我不会忘记和你在农场度过的那一天。空处引导定语从句,先行词the day,指物,在定语从句中作宾语,需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
48.The film they are talking abut is very interesting. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他们正在谈论的那部电影很有趣。空处引导定语从句,先行词the film,指物,在定语从句中作宾语,需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
49.The firefighters t the task was given did their best but there was n way t rganize r cmmunicate. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whm
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:被赋予任务的消防员尽了最大努力,但没有办法组织或沟通。根据句子结构和意思可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词firefighters在从句中作介词t的宾语,指人,用关系代词whm。故填whm。
50. is ften the case, he usually studies deep int the night befre the exam. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】As
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:考试之前他通常学到深夜,这是常有的事情。as is ften the case“这是常有的事”,关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句陈述的内容,在从句中作主语,意为“正如;正像”,故填As。
二、完成句子
51.All the extra hurs practicing alne paid ff.
他所有单独的额外练习时间都得到了回报。
【答案】that he had spent
【详解】考查定语从句和动词时态。由句意知空处可处理为定语从句修饰先行词hurs;表示“花费”应用动词spend,作从句谓语,由句中的paid ff可知从句动作发生在过去的过去,应用过去完成时,从句缺少宾语,且先行词被all修饰,应用关系代词that作引导词,故答案为that he had spent。
52.正如一句古老谚语所说,“有志者事竟成。”(as引导的非限制性定语从句)
,“Where there is a will,there is a way.”
【答案】As an ld saying ges
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。根据句意可知,空处缺少“正如一句古老谚语所说”,分析句子,用as引导非限制性定语从句,表示“正如”;as放句首,首字母大写;表示“谚语”用saying;描述客观事实用一般现在时,主语the saying“谚语”是单数,g“(诗或歌中词、调)唱,说”作谓语,用单数。故填①As ②the ③saying ④ges。
53. was quite simple.
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
【答案】The way(which/that) he explained t us
【详解】考查way作先行词时的定语从句。表示“解释”应用动词explain,作定语从句的谓语动词,此处应用一般过去时,短语 sb...“向某人解释……”,way作先行词时,此处explain之后缺少宾语,应用which/that,关系代词作宾语也可省略。故答案为The way(which/that) he explained t us。
54. he speaks t his parents.
我不喜欢他和他父母说话的方式。
【答案】I dn’t like the way (that/in which)
【详解】考查定语从句。对比中英文可知,空处表示“我不喜欢……的方式”,结合speaks可知,时态为一般现在时,主语“我”用代词I,谓语“不喜欢”可用dn’t like,宾语“方式”用名词the way,“he speaks t his parents”为完整的句子,the way在空后的句中作方式状语,that或in which引导该限制性定语从句修饰先行词the way,也可省略that或in which。故填I dn’t like the way (that/in which)。
55.按周末的惯例,只有三个当地记者值班。
, nly three lcal reprters were n duty.
【答案】As is typical n weekends
【详解】考查定语从句、形容词。由所给句意可知,空格处应表达“按周末的惯例”。表示“一贯的”用形容词typical,表示“周末”用n weekends。表示“按周末的惯例”用As is typical n weekends,其中typical作表语,As引导非制定性定语从句,做主语。故填As is typical n weekends。
56.正如所报道的,中国已经成为世界上一个重要国家。
, China has becme an imprtant cuntry in the wrld.
【答案】As is reprted
【详解】考查定语从句。由所给句意可知,空格处应表达“正如所报道的”,故用As is reprted,这里As引导非限制性定语从句,修饰主句,与动词“reprt”为被动关系。结合句意可知本句陈述事实,故从句用一般现在时的被动语态。故填As is reprted。
57.正如报告所显示的,在过去的两个月里,这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。
The air quality in the city, , has imprved ver the past tw mnths.
【答案】as is shwn in the reprt
【详解】考查非限定性定语从句和时态。陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。“正如报告所显示的”翻译为非限定性定语从句as is shwn in the reprt,关系代词as在从句中作主语,指代主句陈述的内容。故填as is shwn in the reprt。
58.音乐可以改变人们看待自己和他人的方式。
Music can change and thers.
【答案】the way (that/in which) peple view themselves
【详解】考查定语从句。“方式”为名词way,作宾语,此处是特指应用定冠词来修饰,“人们看待自己和他人”为定语从句,修饰先行词way,指物,且关系词在从句中作方式状语,用that/in which或省略关系词引导定语从句,“人们”为peple,作从句主语,“看待”为动词view,“他们自己”为themselves,句子描述一般性事实,应用一般现在时,故填the way (that/ in which) peple view themselves。
59.那是一个没有收音机、没有电话, 也没有电视的时期。
there were n radis, n telephnes r n TV sets.
【答案】It was a time when
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。描述过去的事情应用一般过去时,表示“那是一个……的时期”应用it was a time when,此处用when引导限制性定语从句修饰名词time。句首首字母应大写。故填It was a time when。
60.Last week I happened t meet Li Li in the street, .
上星期我碰巧在街上遇到了李立,他似乎很忙。
【答案】wh seemed t be very busy
【详解】考查定语从句。“Last week I happened t meet Li Li in the street”为主句,前后无连词,“他似乎很忙”可以写成非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Li Li,“似乎做某事”为seem t d,“很忙”为very busy,关系词在从句中作主语,且先行词指人,应用wh引导主语从句,由last week可知,句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,所以从句谓语动词seem应用过去式,故填wh seemed t be very busy。
目录
考点聚焦:核心考点+高考考点,有的放矢
重点速记:知识点和关键点梳理,查漏补缺
难点强化:难点内容标注与讲解,能力提升
学以致用:真题感知+提升专练,全面突破
关系代词
先行词
在从句中的作用
wh
人
主语、宾语
whm
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语、状语
whse
人或物
定语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
关系代词that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况
先行词是all,few,little,much,smething,anything,nthing等不定代词时
先行词被the nly,the very,the same,all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的
引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词指物,且前有介词时情况
关系代词as和which
的区别
as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句前、中、后,as常译为“正如……,正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see,knw,expect,say,mentin,reprt等
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时,只能置于主句后,常译为“这一点,这件事”等,which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
关系副词
先行词
在从句中的作用
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
地点名词或抽象名词(situatin,pint,activity,case,stage等)
地点状语
why
the reasn
原因状语
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