【备注2024中职高考】中职英语 二轮复习 阅读专题训练 （二十三）历史（含答案+解析）

这是一份【备注2024中职高考】中职英语 二轮复习 阅读专题训练 （二十三）历史（含答案+解析），共10页。试卷主要包含了阅读单选等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读单选
1．_______ is frm the United States f America.
A．Berge OuslandB．Richard E. Byrd
C．Rald AmundsenD．James Ck
2．The underlined wrd “pprtunity” means “______”.
A．chanceB．adviceC．guideD．plan
3．______ is the first wman t get t Antarctica.
A．Rald AmundsenB．Berge Ousland
C．Carline MikkelsenD．Adrien de Gerlache
4．Which is WRONG accrding t the passage?
A．There were mre than 60 space statins in Antarctica in the 1950s
B．Rald Amundsen was the first t fly ver the Suth Ple.
C．Americans tk many phts in the Antarctic t make a map.
D．Adrien de Gerlache was the first t spend an Antarctic winter.
5．The main idea f the passage is _____.
A．hw t get t the Antarctic
B．the way f the explratin f Antarctica
C．the peple wh gt t the Antarctic
D．the histry f the explratin f Antarctica
N ne knws when the first kite was made. The first recrd f a kite was mre than 2,000 years ag in China. Han Xin, the leader f an army, wanted t bring dwn a king. He decided t dig a tunnel (隧道）int the king’s palace. He flew a kite ver the wall f the palace t make sure the length (长度）f its string (线).In this way, he culddeterminehw lng the tunnel shuld be.His men in the tunnel tk the kite string with them. When they reached the end f the string, they knew t dig up.
Kites have been flwn in Japan fr hundreds f years. In the 1700s, kites were flwn in autumn t give thanks fr a gd harvest. They were als flwn t send gd wishes t cuples wh had their first sn. Tday in Japan, kites are ften flwn as part f a celebratin, such as the beginning f a new year. And kite festivals are held each year in many parts f the cuntry.
Kites have been used fr scientific purpses in the western wrld. In 1752，Benjamin Franklin tied a key t a kite and flew it in a strm t find ut that lightening was a frm f electricity. In the 1890s，Lawrence Hargrave invented the bx kite t test ideas abut flight. Frm 1898 until 1933，the United States Weather Bureau (气象局）used bx kites t cllect weather data. The Wright brthers als experimented (试验）with kites. What they learnt helped them make the first airplane flight in 1903.
6．Why did Han Xin want t dig a tunnel?
A．T pull dwn the palace.B．T fight against the king.
C．T search fr the king’s treasure.D．T find ut the length f the kite string.
7．What des the underlined wrd “determine” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean in Chinese?
A．测定B．选择C．了解D．考察
8．One f the purpses f flying kites in Japan is_.
A．t give thanks fr a gd harvest in summer
B．t express gd wishes t the first-brn daughter
C．t celebrate the beginning f a new year
D．t hld kite festivals all ver the cuntry
9．When did the United States Weather Bureau begin t use bx kites?
A．In 1752.B．In 1898.C．In 1903.D．In 1933.
10．What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．The Histry f KitesB．The Experiments f Kites
C．The Inventin f a KiteD．The First Recrd f a Kite
11．Fr the three wmen, what is in cmmn?
A．They all gt their fame in the twentieth century.
B．They all have a great influence in their wn fields.
C．They all tried their best t shw wmen culd d better than men.
12．What is true abut Margaret Thatcher?
A．She ruled her cuntry cruelly.
B．She believed that actin speaks luder than wrds.
C．At the age f 66, she was still the UK's prime minister.
13．Billie Hliday ________ with her sngs.
A．shwed she was different frm white peple
B．taught Americans t ask their sciety fr help
C．described hw hard African-Americans lived at that time
14．Frm the passage abut Tu Yuyu, we can knw ________.
A．it tk her 44 years t find artemisinin
B．she wn a Nbel Prize as sn as she fund artemisinin
C．traditinal Chinese medicine played a great rle in finding artemisinin
15．What is the best title fr the three passages tgether?
A．Wmen wh make a difference
B．Wmen wh wn sme great prizes
C．Wmen wh are wrld-wide ppular
On March 20, 2021, the Sanxingdui site (三星堆遗址) in Guanghan, Sichuan drew the wrld's attentin. Chinese archaelgists (考古学家) have fund mre than 500 cultural relics (文物) in six pits (坑) at the site, which dates back ver 3,200 years.
The Sanxingdui site, which was first discvered by a farmer in 1929, is believed t be the site f the ancient Shu Kingdm (蜀国). The kingdm was a center f civilizatin (文明) alng the Yangtze River.
In 1986, archaelgists discvered tw pits. They believed they were used fr large sacrificial ceremnies (祭祀仪式). At that time, ver 1000 relics were fund.
The discvery f Sanxingdui raised an imprtant questin abut the rigins f Chinese civilizatin. The ancient Shu civilizatin that built Sanxingdui is believed t be ne f the earliest examples f Chinese civilizatin. The site, alng with the Liangzhu and Shijiahe sites alng the Yangtze River, shws that the birthplace f Chinese civilizatin might nt have been nly alng the Yellw River Basin (流域) in nrth China.
The newly-discvered relics are similar t thse fund in 1986, and they further supprt the idea that the pits were used fr sacrificial purpses.
New kinds f cultural relics have als been dug up. Fr example, experts fund a kind f ancient brnze jar (青铜罐) that was used fr hlding water r wine. They als fund a jade (玉) relic cmmnly fund at 5,000-year-ld Liangzhu Archaelgical site in Zhejiang prvince.
“These relics shw that the Sanxingdui site had a clse cnnectin with Central China, but it als marks an ancient civilizatin in Sichuan with strng creativity,” said Chen Xiandan, a member f the excavatin (发掘) prject.
16．Which f the fllwing is NOT true accrding t the passage?
A．The Sanxingdui site is in the city f Guanghan, Sichuan Prvince.
B．Sanxingdui, Liangzhu and Shijiahe sites are alng the Yangtze River.
C．A Chinese archaelgist discvered the first Sanxingdui relics.
D．The Sanxingdui site was built by the ancient Shu civilizatin.
17．What des the underlined wrd “they” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Pits.B．Archaelgists.C．CeremniesD．Relics.
18．What is the Chinese meaning f the underlined wrd “rigins” in Paragraph 4?
A．起源B．后果C．发展D．创新
19．What d the newly-discvered relics suggest?
A．Mre than 1000 relics were fund in Sanxingdui since 1986.
B．Sanxingdui was fund earlier than Liangzhu Archaelgical site.
C．Sanxingdui is mre imprtant than the sites in nrth China.
D．The civilizatin in the ancient Shu Kingdm was creative.
参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D
【分析】试题分析：这篇短文以一个表格的形式，按照年代，给我们介绍的是人们对南极洲的考察。从1773年到现在，几百年的历史，这些年代都是一些历史性的事情发生的年代。现在人们对它越来越了解，很多国家都在南极洲建立了空间站。
1．B细节理解题。根据表格中1929这个年代中Richard E.Byrd and three thers frm the US became the first t fly ver the Suth Ple可知，Richard E.Byrd 和另外三个来自美国的人成为了第一个飞越南极的人。故选B。
2．A词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在的句子Internatinal Plar Year-Researchers gt the pprtunity t wrk in bth plar places r wrk in summer and winter.可知，研究人员得到了在极地工作的机会。pprtunity机会，它的同义词是chance。故选A。
3．C细节理解题。根据表格中1935这个年代中Carline Mikkelsen frm Nrway became the first wman t arrive in Antarctica with her husband.可知，来自挪威的Carline Mikkelsen成为了第一个到达南极洲的女士。故心乱C。
4．B推理判断题。根据12 cuntries built ver 60 space statins in Antarctica.可知A的说法是正确的；根据They tk many phts t make a map.可知C的说法是正确的；根据Adrien de Gerlache and his members were trapped in the Antarctic. They became the first t spend an Antarctic winter.可知D的说法是正确的；根据Richard E.Byrd and three thers frm the US became the first t fly ver the Suth Ple可知B不对。故选B。
5．D主旨大意题。这篇短文以一个表格的形式，按照年代，给我们介绍的是人们对南极洲的考察。从1773年到现在，几百年的历史，这些年代都是一些历史性的事情发生的年代。现在人们对它越来越了解，很多国家都在南极洲建立了空间站。故选D。
考点：科普类短文阅读。
6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．A
【分析】这篇文章主要介绍了第一个风筝是两千年前在中国发明的，一开始是为了量长度，之后，秋天里放风筝希望能有好收成，在日本人们放风筝庆祝节日，西方国家风筝是为了科学。
6．细节理解题。结合第一段Han Xin，the leader f an army，wanted t bring dwn a king可知是为了打败一个国王，故选B．
7．词义猜测题。结合He flew a kite ver the wall f the palace t make sure the length（长度）f its string（线）．可知是为了测量宫殿长度，也就是隧道的长度，故可知这里的determine表示测量，故选A．
8．细节理解题。结合第二段Tday in Japan，kites are ften flwn as part f a celebratin，such as the beginning f a new year可知日本人放风筝是庆祝，例如新年，故选C．
9．细节理解题。结合最后Frm 1898until 1933，the United States Weather Bureau（气象局）used bx kites t cllect weather data可知是1898年开始使用，故选B．
10．标题归纳题。结合第一句N ne knws when the first kite was made可知本文是介绍风筝的历史，故选A．
点睛：词义猜测题阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：(1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。(2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易。(3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如but, r, hwever, s, because等。(4)利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。第2小题的词义猜测题就是利用第1种解题方法。
11．B 12．B 13．C 14．C 15．A
【分析】本文主要介绍了3位杰出的女性：英国的撒切尔夫人，美国的哈乐黛和中国的屠呦呦。
11．细节理解题。根据第1个小短文“Knwn as: Britain's first female prime minister”，第2个小短文“Knwn as: wrld-famus jazz singer”和第3个小短文“Knwn as: Nbel Prize-winning chemist”撒切尔夫人作为英国第一女首相出名，哈乐黛作为世界著名爵士歌手出名，屠呦呦作为世界诺贝尔化学奖。可知，她们都在各自的领域有成就。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据第1个小短文第2大段“She tk a tugh (强硬的) psitin against the Sviet Unin (苏联) and led a war against Argentina.”她采取强硬的政策对抗苏联，可知，不是残酷的政策，故A错误；根据第1个小短文第3大段“If yu want smething said, ask a man; if yu want smething dne, ask a wman.”想要做些事情，问一个女性，可知，撒切尔认为做比说更有效，故B正确；根据第1个小短文第1大段“frm 1979 t 1990”撒切尔夫人最后是1990年在位，1925年出生，1990年是65岁，故C错误。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第2个小短文第2大段“She recrded a sng calledStrange Fruitthat was abut the great pain f African-Americans.”她录制了一首歌曲，里面讲述了非裔美国人的巨大痛苦。可知，故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第3个小短文第1大段“Getting inspiratin frm traditinal Chinese medicine, Tu fund artemisinin (青蒿素) in a plant in197l that culd treat malaria.”从传统的中药中得到灵感，屠呦呦在1971年发现了可以治疗疟疾的青蒿素植物。可知，文章中没有涉及花了多长时间，故A错误；根据第3个小短文第1大段“In 2015, Tu received the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine.”2015年获得了诺贝尔奖，可知，并不是发现青蒿素了就获奖了，故B错误；根据第3个小短文第1大段“Getting inspiratin frm traditinal Chinese medicine, Tu fund artemisinin (青蒿素) in a plant in197l that culd treat malaria.”从传统的中药中得到灵感，屠呦呦在1971年发现了可以治疗疟疾的青蒿素植物。可知，屠呦呦是受了中国传统中药的影响，中国传统医药起了中药作用。故C正确。故选C。
15．最佳标题题。根据第1个小短文“Knwn as: Britain's first female prime minister”，第2个小短文“Knwn as: wrld-famus jazz singer”和第3个小短文“Knwn as: Nbel Prize-winning chemist”撒切尔夫人作为英国第一女首相出名，哈乐黛作为世界著名爵士歌手出名，屠呦呦作为世界诺贝尔化学奖。可知，本文主要讲述了3个对世界产生影响的女性。故选A。
【点睛】阅读理解题中判断句子的正误属于推理判断题，是英语试题中经常出现的题型，也是难题之一。4个选项要根据题干意思一一从原文中查找，有些是关键单词出错，有些是句子意思表达有误。此类判断题考查学生对文章句子的深层次理解能力。如第4题，A是文章中没有涉及具体时间，所以推断不出；B是时间出错。所以句子正误题可以优先注意题干中的关键信息，如数字，地点，程度词等。
16．C 17．B 18．A 19．D
【分析】本文是新闻通讯，介绍了三星堆遗址的新发现及重大意义。
16．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Sanxingdui site, which was first discvered by a farmer in 1929, is believed t be the site f the ancient Shu Kingdm”，可知一位农民首次发现了三星堆遗址；A Chinese archaelgist discvered the first Sanxingdui relics“一位中国考古学家发现了第一批三星堆遗址”说法错误，故选C。
17．词句猜测题。believe相信，根据上文“archaelgists discvered tw pits”，可知是考古学家相信，故选B。
18．词句猜测题。根据下文“The ancient Shu civilizatin that built Sanxingdui is believed t be ne f the earliest examples f Chinese civilizatin”，可知earliest“最早的”和起源相关，故选A。
19．推理判断题。根据最后“These relics shw that the Sanxingdui site had a clse cnnectin with Central China, but it als marks an ancient civilizatin in Sichuan with strng creativity”，可知新发现的遗址表明The Explratin f Antarctica(南极洲)
1773
James Ck crssed the Antarctic Circle, but he didn’t see land.
1898
Adrien de Gerlache and his members were trapped in the Antarctic. They became the first t spend an Antarctic winter.
1911
Nrwegian Rald Amundsen led a five-man expeditin that reached the Suth Ple fr the first time.
1929
Richard E.Byrd and three thers frm the US became the first t fly ver the Suth Ple
1935
Carline Mikkelsen frm Nrway became the first wman t arrive in Antarctica with her husband.
1947
The US sent the largest ever expeditin f ver 4,700 men, 13 ships and 23 airplanes t Antarctica. They tk many phts t make a map.
1957－1958
12 cuntries built ver 60 space statins in Antarctica. It became the beginning f internatinal wrk in Antarctica.
1997
Berge Ousland frm Nrway became the first persn t crss Antarctica unsupprted.
March 2007－
March 2009
Internatinal Plar Year-Researchers gt the pprtunity t wrk in bth plar places r wrk in summer and winter.
Margaret Thatcher
Thatcher had a big influence n the man's wrld-plitics (政治). She was Britain's first leading lady and served as the UK's prime minister frm 1979 t 1990-the first prime minister t d s in ver 160 years.
Thatcher managed t make her cuntry strnger. She tk a tugh (强硬的) psitin against the Sviet Unin (苏联) and led a war against Argentina. Althugh many peple disliked her, she stuck t her rules and was successful in the end. Her tughness wn her a name "The Irn Lady".
Lived: 1925-2013
Cuntry: UK
Knwn as: Britain's first female prime minister
"If yu want smething said, ask a man; if yu want smething dne, ask a wman."
Billie Hliday
Hliday is ften described as a talent. Her vice nt nly mved listeners, but als shk American sciety. During her time, American sciety was still segregated (种族隔离的). As an African-American, Hliday lived a difficult life. But this als brught inspiratin t her singing.
Hliday wrked with white bands in the 1930s, which was grund-breaking (开拓性的) at that time. She recrded a sng calledStrange Fruitthat was abut the great pain f African-Americans. Hliday taught Americans t questin their segregated sciety.
Lived: 1915-1959
Cuntry: US
Knwn as: wrld-famus jazz singer
"If I'm ging t sing like smene else, then I dn't need t sing at all."
Tu Yuyu
Tu is a chemist wh studies traditinal Chinese medicine. She started t lk fr smething that can treat malaria (疟疾) in the 1960s. At that time, almst half f the wrld's ppulatin was at risk f having the illness. Getting inspiratin frm traditinal Chinese medicine, Tu fund artemisinin (青蒿素) in a plant in197l that culd treat malaria. In 2015, Tu received the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine. She is the first Chinese wman t win a Nbel Prize.
Lived: 1930-present
Cuntry: China
Knwn as: Nbel Prize-winning chemist
"Every scientist dreams f ding smething that can help the wrld."