适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解文体分类练6议论文（附解析）

这是一份适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解文体分类练6议论文（附解析），共7页。

Passage1
(2023山东聊城一模)
An imprtant life lessn that I’ve drawn frm running is t run at my wn pace.It has guided me in many ways.In particular,it made me challenge the fixed expectatins f retirement and aging.
Running is a metaphr (隐喻) fr life.I realized this while training fr a marathn t celebrate my 60th birthday.All the ther runners being faster than me made me embarrassed.But my cach shared sme valuable advice:run at yur wn best pace.Setting a gal r target time culd be a limitatin.He was right.Over time,I ran mre easily and faster.I als enjyed the experience much mre.
I have applied this principle t ther areas f my life.Finding a rhythm is nt abut efficiency r hw many things I can get dne in a day.It has mre t d with what I decide t d at this stage in my life.
Running carries its wn set f expectatins,including what it means t be a strng runner.But expectatins als extend t ther areas f life,including what peple at certain life stages shuld be ding r nt ding.Expectatins at my age can center n hw leisure time is spent,decisins abut emplyment,and even the rle f a grandmther.
I used t think it was yung peple wh bre peer pressure,but it’s easy t view retirement as anther ccupatin with benchmarks (基准) t be met.We ften make what smene else des the reference pint.It’s a cmparisn trap.
Frget what thers are ding.Their pace is nt necessarily the pace yu shuld run at.Run in yur wn way.It’s nt better r wrse—nly different.
1.What des the authr intend t tell in paragraph 2?
A.The rigin f a life principle.
B.Her misunderstanding f running.
C.The imprtance f life expectatins.
D.Her unpleasant training experience.
2.What des the authr think abut life expectatins?
A.They are vital fr retired peple.
B.They vary at different life stages.
C.They cver every decisin in life.
D.They are usually t high t fulfill.
3.What can we infer frm paragraph 5?
A.Yung peple ften cmpete with ld peple.
B.Retired peple take up bad ccupatins.
C.Retired peple are als under peer pressure.
D.A cmparisn trap makes yung peple strnger.
4.What message des the authr mainly want t cnvey?
A.Retirement can’t stp ld peple’s dreams.
B.Peple shuld live life t the fullest.
C.Peple shuld live at their wn speed.
D.Running at a fixed pace is beneficial t retired peple.
Passage2
(2023河北保定一模)
The tw terms nature and nurture have been subjects f cmparisn since the 16th century.The argument is centered n the questin as t whether it is nature r nurture that makes us wh we are.
Nature prvides the starting pint fr an rganism that will interact with nurture,the envirnment,during the rganism’s life.Nature des nt just affect an rganism during its lifetime,but it als can directly affect the expressin f genes in ffspring (后代).Fr the geneticists,they believe that ur lives are entirely determined by genetics,which is nature.An ppsing view is that there is n indicatin that genes (基因) determine ne’s persnality,rather there is grwing evidence that nurture serves as the determining factr in persnality develpment.
Nurture refers t the cnditins under which living things grw and develp after birth.When applied t human beings,it means hw the persn is raised,which includes nutritin,educatin,care,as well as the kind f surrundings,such as cultural influence,family and friends.
The argument f nature and nurture as t which is mre imprtant is necessitated by an attempt t differentiate hw much effect genetics has n a persn’s develpment against hw easily humans are influenced by ne’s envirnment.
While nurture undeniably plays its part n the grwth and develpment f ne’s persnality,nature dramatically utweighs nurture,fr nature can be likened t a fundatin.The impact f nurture n the develpment f persns cannt be ttally denied.Hwever,nature is regarded as being f mst imprtance because f the fact that it affrds an pprtunity and creates a fundatin and the basis fr the questin f nurture t arise at the very first instance.Even withut nurture,the nature impact can still stand independently withut necessarily causing destructin.Mre s,even when the nurture impact is successfully effected,it des nt remve the genetic characteristics f a persn.It therefre stands crrectly that nature is that which determines the substance f a persn.
5.What can we learn frm paragraph 2?
A.Nature’s rle is supprted by additinal evidence.
B.Persnality develpment is determined by nurture.
C.Nature impacts gene expressin in later generatin.
D.Envirnment shapes persnality mre than genetics.
6.What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A.What nurture means t human beings.
B.Hw living things develp after birth.
C.Hw nurture shapes human develpment.
D.Hw surrundings influence human beings.
7.Hw des the authr stress the greater imprtance f nature?
A.By giving examples.
B.By making cntrast.
C.By cnducting experiments.
D.By citing research data.
8.What is the best title fr the text?
A.A Lng Stry f Nature and Nurture
B.A New Research n Nature and Nurture
C.Wh Can Tell What Makes Wh We Are?
D.Which Is Mre Imprtant,Nature r Nurture?
Passage3
(2023福建漳州三模)
This mnth,the Internet was flded with wnderful digital art prtraits,thanks t the wrk f the latest artificial intelligence-assisted applicatin t g viral:Lensa.Users upladed their phtgraphs t the App and then—fr a small fee—it used AI t transfrm their prfile pictures int,say,a magical warrir princess versin f themselves,in n time at all.
This year has seen a breakthrugh fr AI-driven image generatrs,which are nw better than ever in quality,speed and affrdability.If that sunds great t yu,yu might nt be ne f the millins f humans whse livelihds depend n being able t exchange thse skills fr mney.
Sme artists predicted that a cmputer wuld recreate the aura f a masterpiece by Lenard da Vinci in the near future.As lng as there are enugh data fr the AI t train itself,it can cpy numerus masterpieces just in several minutes.It seems unavidable that a large number f artists wuld lse their jbs.
“I see it less as a threat and mre f an pprtunity,” the UK-based illustratr Michelle Thmpsn said,adding,“Like everything else,there will always be artists wh can use the tls better.”
These tls are nly as gd as the data sets they are trained n.Human imaginatin,n the ther hand,has n limit.Fr Dryhurst,an artist frm Germany,AI mdels “culd attempt t make a pale versin f smething we did years ag”,but that “desn’t accunt fr what we might d next”.
The kind f artificial intelligence we might imagine replacing artists—an entirely autnmus creative rbt—des nt yet exist,but it is cming.And as AI becmes mre universal,artists,illustratrs and designers will ultimately be set apart nt by if,but by hw,they use the technlgy.
9.Why des the authr mentin Lensa in paragraph 1?
A.T recmmend the new App.
B.T infrm latest news.
C.T lead in the AI tpic.
D.T intrduce its new functin.
10.What is Michelle Thmpsn’s attitude twards AI?
A.Cncerned. B.Favrable.
C.Unclear.D.Critical.
11.What might be a weakness f AI in creating art wrks?
A.Accuracy.B.Diversity.
C.Creativity.D.Efficiency.
12.Which can be the best title fr the text?
A.Is AI cming int ur daily life?
B.Can AI cpy masterpieces f great artists?
C.Shall we welcme new AI technlgy?
D.Will AI replace artists in the future?
答案：
文体分类练(六) 议论文
Passage1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者认为每个人的人生应该有自己的节奏,而不是按照别人的期望生活。
1.A 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,作者在第二段想说生命原理的起源。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Butexpectatinsalsextendttherareasflife,includingwhatpepleatcertainlifestagesshuldbedingrntding.Expectatinsatmyagecancenternhwleisuretimeisspent,decisinsabutemplyment,andeventherlefagrandmther.”可知,作者认为生活期望在不同的人生阶段有所不同。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第五段“Iusedtthinkitwasyungpeplewhbrepeerpressure,butit’seasytviewretirementasantherccupatinwithbenchmarkstbemet.”可推知,退休人员也面临同辈压力。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“’sntbetterrwrse—nlydifferent.”可推知,作者主要想传达的信息是人们应该按照自己的节奏生活。
Passage2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。先天和后天这两个术语自16世纪以来一直是被比较的主题。文章论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Natureprvidesthestartingpintfranrganismthatwillinteractwithnurture,theenvirnment,duringtherganism’slife.Naturedesntjustaffectanrganismduringitslifetime,butitalscandirectlyaffecttheexpressinfgenesinffspring.”可知,先天影响后代的基因表达。
6.A 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Nurturereferstthecnditinsunderwhichlivingthingsgrwanddevelpafterbirth.Whenappliedthumanbeings,itmeanshwthepersnisraised,whichincludesnutritin,educatin,care,aswellasthekindfsurrundings,suchasculturalinfluence,familyandfriends.”可知,第三段主要讨论了后天对人类意味着什么。
7.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whilenurtureundeniablyplaysitspartnthegrwthanddevelpmentfne’spersnality,naturedramaticallyutweighsnurture,,natureisregardedasbeingfmstimprtancebecausefthefactthatitaffrdsanpprtunityandcreatesafundatinandthebasisfrthequestinfnurturetariseattheveryfirstinstance.”可推知,作者通过对比强调了先天的重要性。
8.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thetwtermsnatureandnurturehavebeensubjectsfcmparisnsincethe16thcentury.Theargumentiscenterednthequestinastwhetheritisnaturernurturethatmakesuswhweare.”及下文论述可知,文章主要论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。由此可知,WhichIsMreImprtant,NaturerNurture?适合作文章最佳标题。
Passage3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章就未来人工智能是否会取代艺术家展开讨论。
9.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容和第二段中的“ThisyearhasseenabreakthrughfrAI-drivenimagegeneratrs,whicharenwbetterthaneverinquality,speedandaffrdability.”可知,作者在第一段提到Lensa是为了引起人工智能这个话题。
10.B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知,MichelleThmpsn认为这是一种机会。由此可推知,他对人工智能持支持的态度。
11.C 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Thesetlsarenlyasgdasthedatasetstheyaretrainedn.Humanimaginatin,nthetherhand,hasnlimit.”可推知,创造力可能是人工智能在创作艺术作品时的弱点。
12.D 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Thekindfartificialintelligencewemightimaginereplacingartists—anentirelyautnmuscreativerbt—desntyetexist,butitiscming.”可知,文章主要就未来人工智能是否会取代艺术家展开讨论。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)pace n.步速;节奏
2.(Passage 1)center n集中于
3.(Passage 1)把……看作……
4.(Passage 1)cmparisn n.比较
5.(Passage 1)trap n.陷阱
6.(Passage 2)as t置于,关于,就……而论
7.(Passage 2)arise vi.出现
8.(Passage 3)be flded with充斥着
9.(Passage 3)threat n.威胁
10.(Passage 3)accunt fr对……做出解释,说明……的原因
熟词生义:
(Passage 1)draw vt.获得,得到
长难句分析:
(Passage 3)If that sunds great t yu,yu might nt be ne f the millins f humans whse livelihds depend n being able t exchange thse skills fr mney.
分析:本句为复合句。If that sunds great t yu为if引导的条件状语从句;whse livelihds depend n being able t exchange thse skills fr mney为whse引导的定语从句。
句意:如果(你感觉)这听起来很棒,那么你可能不是数百万人中的一员,他们的生计依赖于能够用这些技能换取金钱。