适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解文体分类练3说明文之科普知识类（附解析）

这是一份适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解文体分类练3说明文之科普知识类（附解析），共7页。试卷主要包含了Hw did Dr等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Passage1
(2023浙江湖州、衢州、丽水二模)
In cuntries arund the wrld,wmen d mre unpaid labr—husewrk,child and elder care,and the mental lad f managing a family than men.New research suggests it takes a health tll(代价)n many f them.
An analysis f 19 studies cvering 70,310 peple glbally,which is published this mnth in TheLancet(柳叶刀)PublicHealth,fund that the mre f this labr wmen d,the wrse their mental health.The findings pint ut wmen are mre ften diagnsed with anxiety and depressin than men.
Husewrk and child care,the research fund,have much less f an impact n men’s mental health.That’s prbably because they d s much less f it.In the United States,wmen d an average 4.5 hurs f such wrk a day,cmpared with 2.8 hurs fr men,accrding t data frm the Organizatin fr Ecnmic Cperatin and Develpment.In Greece,wmen d 4.3 hurs while men d an hur and a half.Even in the mst gender-equal cuntries,like Sweden,wmen d 50 minutes mre a day than men.
It’s als because the type f such wrk men d is generally less time-sensitive.Fr example,men are mre ften respnsible fr utdr tasks,like mwing the lawn,that are dne less ften and n their wn schedule.Wmen are mre likely t take n daily tasks that need t be dne at certain times,like preparing meals r cleaning up.
Scial expectatins prbably als play a rle.Studies have shwn that wmen feel pressure t keep their hmes clean,fr instance,and feel judged if they dn’t.Men,n the ther hand,are ften praised fr ding daily tasks like taking a child t an appintment.
The Lancet researchers said that drawing clear cnclusins frm the 19 studies was difficult and that mre research wuld be welcme.
1.Hwdestheauthrshwtheresearchfindingsinparagraphs2and3?
A.By giving examples.B.By listing figures.
C.By making analysis.D.By telling stries.
2.What des the underlined wrd “time-sensitive” mean in paragraph 4?
A.Flexible.B.Valuable.
C.Demanding in timing.D.Challenging in skills.
3.What can we learn frm paragraph 5?
A.Wmen are generally expected t d mre husehld labr.
B.Wmen will be punished by judges if they dn’t keep their hmes clean.
C.Men feel stressed mre ften when they can’t take their children t the dentist.
D.Men are suppsed t take a child t an appintment instead f ding ther husewrk.
4.What is the text mainly abut?
A.Facts that men and wmen are unequal.
B.Bad effects that husewrk has n wmen.
C.Respnsibilities that wmen share in families.
D.Reasns why unpaid labr hurts wmen mre mentally.
Passage2
(2023浙江宁波二模)
Humans are nt the animal kingdm’s nly fashinistas.Tits(山雀) can be fashin fllwers,t,apparently.A latest study shws that,given the chance,they decrate their nests with this seasn’s must-have clur.
Dr.Wild and Dr.Aplin were fllwing up n a study published in 1934 by Henry Smith Williams,an American naturalist.He nticed that when he put varius clured balls f yarn (纱) ut in his garden,almst always ne and nly ne became ppular that seasn fr being included int lcal birds’ nests.But which particular clur was favured varied frm seasn t seasn.This suggested that the clur chsen by ne f the early birds was sptted and cpied by thers.
Williams’s wrk was,hwever,frgtten until they came acrss it while fllwing up n a different study,published by a team at the University f Tuluse,suggesting fashin-fllwing, and Dr.Aplin therefre set ut t re-run Williams’s experiment,but this time t cllect sme actual numbers.
The birds they fllwed were part f a well-mnitred ppulatin f blue tits in a wd near the institute.Mst birds in this wd carried tracking devices fitted t them after their capture in mist nets.That allwed the institute’s researchers t keep track f a vast number f individuals by recrding their arrival at fd cntainers thrughut the wd.Instead f fd,these cntainers were laded with wl f different clurs.Interestingly,researchers sn fund that mst nests f blue tits included nly the clur f the wl first chsen by a nestbuilder.
Tits,then,d seem t be “n trend”,when it cmes t nest-building materials.Why that shuld happen remains and Dr.Aplin suspect the fashin leaders are lder birds,and that evlutin favurs yunger nes cpying their elders since thse elders have evidently survived what frtune has t thrw at a tit.Williams’s riginal wrk,thugh,suggests such initial chices are at randm—a bit like thse f the leaders f human fashins.
5.What can we learn frm paragraph 2?
and Dr.Aplin cntributed t William’s wrk.
B.Early birds’ clur preference was cpied by their fellws.
C.The yarn was the mst ppular material t decrate lcal birds’ nests.
D.The clur f the yarn favured by lcal birds was fixed thrughut the year.
6.Hw did Dr.Wild and Dr.Aplin imprve Williams’s experiment?
A.They bserved the blue tits.
B.They studied the habits f blue tits.
C.They adpted the data-cllecting methd.
D.They fitted tracking devices t fd cntainers.
7.What des the underlined wrd “bscure” in paragraph 5 mean?
A.Hidden.B.Evident.
C.Cmplicated.D.Shallw.
8.What is the main idea f the text?
A.Birds favur certain clurs in decratin.
B.Yung birds fllw their elders in fashin.
C.Yung birds are just as intelligent as peple.
D.Birds are just as fashin-cnscius as peple.
Passage3
(2023福建厦门二模)
In a new study,Iwa Psychlgist Ed Wasserman gave the pigens cmplex categrizatin tests that high-level thinking wuld nt aid in slving.Instead,the pigens,by trial and errr,eventually were able t memrize enugh situatins in the test.This basic prcess f making assciatins—cnsidered a lwer-level thinking technique—is the same between the test-taking pigens and the latest AI advances.
The researchers sught t figure ut tw types f learning:ne declarative learning,is based n exercising reasn accrding t a set f rules r strategies—a s-called higher level f learning wned mstly by peple.The ther,assciative learning,centers n recgnizing and making cnnectins between bjects r patterns,such as “sky-blue” and “water-wet”.
Wasserman’s team designed a difficult test t find ut whether the pigens use declarative r assciative learning.Each test pigen was shwn a stimulus (刺激)and had t decide,by pecking(啄) a buttn n the right r n the left,t which categry that stimulus belnged.What made the test s demanding was that n rules r lgic wuld help finish the task.They have t memrize the individual stimuli r regins frm where the stimuli ccur.Over hundreds f tests,the fur test pigens eventually upped their scre frm 50% t an average f 68% right.
“The pigens are like AI masters,” Wasserman says.“Bth f them emply assciative learning,and yet that base-level thinking is what allwed the pigens t ultimately scre successfully.” If peple were t take the same test,they’d scre prly and wuld prbably give up because they rely s heavily n rules r strategies.Thse rules wuld get in the way f learning.The pigen desn’t have that high-level thinking prcess.But it desn’t get in the way f their learning.In fact,in sme ways it facilitates it.
“Peple are stunned by AI ding amazing things using a learning algrithm (算法) much like the pigen,” Wasserman says,“yet when peple talk abut assciative learning in humans and animals,it is discunted as inflexible and uncmplicated.”
9.Which f the fllwing is a typical example f assciative learning?
A.Tm refuses t put hands n ht stves after burns.
B.Dlphins detect bstacles using sund waves.
C.Chimpanzees use physical gesture strategies.
D.Emily figures ut math prblems with lgic.
10.Hw did the pigens imprve their perfrmance in the test?
A.By pecking the stimuli.
B.By finding rules r lgic.
C.By cmpeting with each ther.
D.By making numerus attempts.
11.What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A.AI and man use the same learning pattern.
B.Assciative learning is underestimated.
C.Peple think highly f declarative learning.
D.Pigens finish tasks with AI algrithms.
12.Which can be a suitable title f the text?
A.Pigen’s Peck Can Mirrr High Tech
B.AI Cntributes t a New Learning Pattern
C.AI Can Enrich Human Learning Experience
D.Pigen’s Learning Largely Extends High Tech
答案：
文体分类练(三) 说明文之科普知识类
Passage1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了发表在《柳叶刀公共卫生》上的一项对全球70,310人的19项研究的分析发现,女性从事的劳动越多,她们的心理健康状况就越差。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Ananalysisf19studiescvering70,310pepleglbally”以及第三段中“IntheUnitedStates,wmendanaverage4.5hursfsuchwrkaday,cmparedwith2.8hursfrmen”可知,作者在第二段和第三段是通过列举数字展示研究成果的。
2.C 词义猜测题。根据下文“Frexample,menaremreftenrespnsiblefrutdrtasks,likemwingthelawn,thatarednelessftenandntheirwnschedule.Wmenaremrelikelyttakendailytasksthatneedtbedneatcertaintimes,likepreparingmealsrcleaningup.”可知,男性负责的任务对时间的要求没有女性高,可推理出第四段中time-sensitive的含义应为对时间要求高的。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Studieshaveshwnthatwmenfeelpressuretkeeptheirhmesclean,frinstance,andfeeljudgediftheydn’t.”可知,妇女被期望从事更多的家务劳动。
4.D 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段以及第三段中“Husewrkandchildcare,theresearchfund,havemuchlessfanimpactnmen’smentalhealth.”以及第五段中“Scialexpectatinsprbablyalsplayarle.”可知,本文第一段提出了无偿家务劳动对妇女心理有健康危害这一研究发现,后续段落对这一研究发现进行了原因分析和解释。
Passage2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。人类并不是动物界唯一的时尚达人。研究表明,山雀也像人类一样追随潮流,用流行色装点巢穴。
5.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“”可知,最开始的鸟类的颜色偏好被它们的同伴模仿了。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“’sexperiment,butthistimetcllectsmeactualnumbers.”可知,Wild博士和Aplin博士采用了数据收集的方法来改进Williams的实验。
7.A 词义猜测题。根据第五段中“,andthatevlutinfavursyungernescpyingtheirelderssincethseeldershaveevidentlysurvivedwhatfrtunehastthrwatatit.”中的suspect可推知,为什么会发生这种情况还不清楚。bscure意为“不清楚的;隐蔽的”。
8.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段可知,本文主要讲的是鸟类像人类一样追随潮流。D项“Birdsarejustasfashin-cnsciusaspeple.”最能概括本文大意。
Passage3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。心理学家通过实验证明鸽子和最新的人工智能使用了同样的学习方法:联想学习。
9.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thether,assciativelearning,centersnrecgnizingandmakingcnnectinsbetweenbjectsrpatterns,suchas ‘sky-blue’ and ‘water-wet’.”可知,联想学习的本质是建立联系。在“汤姆烫伤后不愿把手放在热炉子上”这一现象中,汤姆把烫伤和热炉子联系了起来,这属于联想学习。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Overhundredsftests,thefurtestpigenseventuallyuppedtheirscrefrm50%tanaveragef68%right.”可知,鸽子在测试中通过多次尝试提高它们的表现。
11.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,人们认为联想学习法对人类和动物来说不灵活且简单,但人工智能却用这种学习法做出惊人的事情,由此推知,联想学习被低估了。
12.A 主旨大意题。通读全文,结合第一段和第三段中“Eachtestpigenwasshwnastimulusandhadtdecide,bypeckingabuttnntherightrntheleft,twhichcategrythatstimulusbelnged.”可知,心理学家通过实验证明鸽子和最新的人工智能使用了同样的建立联系的学习过程,同时实验中的鸽子需要通过啄按钮来完成任务。结合选项可推知,A项(鸽子啄按钮与高科技有共通之处)是最佳标题。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)analysis n.分析
2.(Passage 1)pint ut指出
3.(Passage 1)depressin n.抑郁
4.(Passage 1)take n承担
5.(Passage 1)n the ther hand在另一方面
6.(Passage 2)apparently显然地
7.(Passage 2)cme acrss偶遇,无意中发现
8.(Passage 3)aid in ding sth.帮助做某事
9.(Passage 3)by trial and errr反复试验,不断摸索
10.(Passage 3)assciatin n.联想
熟词生义:
(Passage 2)spt vt.发现
长难句分析:
(Passage 1)An analysis f 19 studies cvering 70,310 peple glbally,which is published this mnth in TheLancet(柳叶刀)PublicHealth,fund that the mre f this labr wmen d,the wrse their mental health.
分析:本句为复合句。cvering 70,310 peple glbally为现在分词短语作后置定语;which is published this mnth in TheLancet(柳叶刀)PublicHealth为which引导的非限制性定语从句;that the mre f this labr wmen d,the wrse their mental health为that引导的宾语从句。
句意:本月发表在《柳叶刀公共卫生》(The Lancet Public Health)杂志上的一项对全球70,310个人的19项研究的分析发现,女性做的家务活越多,她们的心理健康状况就越差。