适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解文体分类练5说明文之生态环保类（附解析）

这是一份适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解文体分类练5说明文之生态环保类（附解析），共8页。

Passage1
(2023河北邯郸一模)
Bee prtectin is a big issue these days in America,with peple planting native pllinatr gardens,setting up bee huses,and taking part in scientific activities t mnitr lcal bee ppulatins.And this is fr gd reasn—in Nrth America,a quarter f native bee species are at risk f extinctin.Bees pllinate 35 percent f ur glbal fd supply and many f the wild plants ur ecsystems depend n.
N Mw May,a mvement that began in the UK,is nw rapidly spreading thrughut the US.Its ppularity lies in its being simple:Just give bees a help during the crucial springtime by remving a chre frm yur list and letting yur lawn grw fr the mnth f May.This lets “lawn flwers” such as dandelins grw at a time when bee fd is rare.
Dandelins,despite being pretty and useful,are nn-native.Then why d we prmte a mvement that encurages their grwth?Here’s the basic answer—dn’t let “perfect” be the enemy f “gd”.Sure,it’d be great t turn yur entire neighbrhd int a bee kingdm f native plants,but that can take lts f time and mney.
While dandelins have becme the pster child fr N Mw May,ther plants—including native species—may als appear in yur lawn.“Besides dandelins,there are many ther plants that are ging t be there,” says Dr.Claudi Grattn at the University f Wiscnsin-Madisn.
In Massachusetts,scientists fund 63 species f plants in lawns,30 percent f which were native t the state.Mst f the Americans prbably lved dandelins as children but have tended t hate them as adults because f American lawn culture,which allws n flwers.“N Mw May frces us t think abut ur relatinship with nature.We shuld reflect n the way we have made nature suit ur needs,and realize flwers play really imprtant rles,” says Dr.Claudi Grattn.
1.What is the backgrund t N Mw May in the US?
A.Native bee species are increasing.
B.There is a tendency t prtect bees.
C.Bees mainly depend n garden plants.
D.Mre peple have n time t cut lawns.
2.What d we knw abut the N Mw May?
A.It needs almst n cst.
B.Few Americans supprt it.
C.It is aimed at grwing dandelins.
D.It appeals fr careful attentin t the lawns.
3.What des the underlined part “pster child” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A.Slight element.B.Rare exceptin.
C.Typical example.D.Difficult prblem.
4.Which f the fllwing agrees with American lawn culture?
A.A bee-friendly lawn.
B.A regularly cut lawn.
C.A lawn grwing naturally.
D.A lawn with native flwers.
Passage2
(2023安徽安庆二模)
Interactive sftware that “reads” and analyses ftprints left by black rhins (犀牛)can be used t mnitr the mvements f the animals in the wild,giving cnservatinists a new way t keep watch n the endangered species and help keep it safe frm pachers (偷猎者),accrding t a Duke University-led study.
The sftware,called the Ftprint Identificatin Technique (FIT),uses advanced technlgy t analyze mre than 100 measurements f a rhin’s ftprint.Because each rhin’s ftprint is as special as a human fingerprint,the analyzed images can be cllected electrnically in a glbal database f previusly cllected ftprint images fr matching.
“If yu find a match,yu can identify the individual animal wh left the mark and,by pltting the lcatins f all the ther places where marks have been seen,track its mvements withut disturbing it r cming int clse enugh cntact with it,” said Ze Jewell,a prfessr at Duke University’s Nichlas Schl f the Envirnment,wh c-led the study and is c-creatr f FIT.
“It’s a cst-effective apprach that nt nly prtects the health f the rhin and the human,but als brings a centuries-ld tracking skill int the 21st Century,” she said.Jewell and her clleagues are nw wrking with Namibia’s Ministry f Envirnment,Frestry and Turism t train wildlife cnservatinists,land managers and lcal guides hw t use FIT.
Namibia is hme t an estimated 2,000 black rhins,r abut 90% f the species’ ttal ppulatin wrldwide.Thugh legally wned by the gvernment,the animals are distributed gegraphically n private lands acrss the cuntry.
The FIT sftware can als d a survey f ftprints thrughut the prtected area and take measurements frm each ftprint t estimate the number f rhins in that area.This can be useful infrmatin fr calculatin resurce needs t mnitr the animals effectively.This creates an interactive library that anti-paching patrls(反偷猎巡逻)can use t search fr animals at the highest risk,including thse whse ftprints haven’t been shwing up in recent years.
5.What is the purpse f the sftware?
A.T prmte the develpment f technlgy.
B.T prtect black rhins frm being hunted.
C.T analyze the ftprints f illegal pachers.
D.T save endangered species acrss the wrld.
6.What’s the advantage f the sftware?
A.It wns varius functins.
B.It ges t the market.
C.It is perfectly practical.
D.It is mre than ppular.
7.What des Ze Jewell say abut the apprach?
A.It brings the best advantage fr the lwest cst.
B.It helps increase the ppulatin f black rhins.
C.It raises peple’s awareness f the envirnment.
D.It strengthens the tie between humans and nature.
8.Which f the fllwing best describes the future f rhins?
A.Optimistic.B.Hpeless.
C.Wrrying.D.Uncertain.
Passage3
(2023广东广州一模)
Beavers(海狸),like humans,change their surrundings t fit their needs.Knwn as nature’s engineers,they tear trees dwn t build hmes t live in and dam t raise water levels fr prtectin frm enemies.Dams als slw water’s flw while blcking sediment(沉积物)that wuld therwise flw dwnstream.The resulting wetlands ften attract wildlife diversity where nne had existed.There are challenges,thugh.Beaver dams smetimes cause flding,and mst peple prefer trees alive and upright.
Cmmunities face a delicate balancing act,learning t cexist with beavers.Last winter,many peple enjying Winstn Path became beaver fans as ne furry family transfrmed Swallw Pnd int an asis fr birds,frgs,turtles and deer.
Yet such activity caused cncern.As beavers wrked,they raised water levels abut five feet.The increased depth allws beavers t survive underwater if the pnd ices ver.But cunty fficials were cncerned abut hw higher water wuld affect the sil bank supprting Winstn Path.
T find a gd balance between prtecting the path and the beavers,the cunty intrduced a“beaver baffle”—a pnd leveler.Beavers ften rush t fill hles in their dams.Baffles stabilize water levels by creating a hidden exit fr high water t escape thrugh the dam,unnticed by the beavers.
Peple lve the beavers but they als lve the mature trees.Recently,Catherine Jnes,18,rganized a tree-caging event—putting wire clth arund large tree trunks t discurage beavers frm biting them.It als prtects peple frm injury due t randm trees falling.“We cver the trees we dn’t want them t eat,while planting peridically thers they like,”said Jnes.“We need t learn t give up a little f ur wants t share the Earth’s resurces.”
Swallw Pnd’s 2023 prject wuld restre prper water depth and imprve wildlife habitat withut creating prblems fr the path.The balancing act cntinues.
9.What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A.Where beavers’ favrite surrundings are.
B.What effects beavers have n their habitat.
C.Why beavers are called nature’s engineers.
D.Hw beavers help attract wildlife diversity.
10.Why did the beaver family’s activity cause cncern?
A.Swallw Pnd wuld fld ften.
B.Sediment wuld flw dwnstream.
C.The ppular path might be damaged.
D.Beavers might have t live underwater.
11.What d the underlined wrds “beaver baffle” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A.A blck t keep beavers away.
B.A tl t fix hles in the dams.
C.A device t maintain water level.
D.A material t prtect the sil bank.
12.Which can be the theme f Swallw Pnd’s 2023 prject?
A.Bilgical diversity.
B.Harmnius cexistence.
C.Preventin f natural disasters.
D.Preservatin f wildlife habitat.
答案：
文体分类练(五) 说明文之生态环保类
Passage1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。“NMwMay”运动起源于英国,并在北美迅速扩展开来。通过这项活动,人们可以为草坪留下自由生长的花,以此让蜜蜂授粉。这一活动不仅有利于生态环境,而且可以让人反思自己与自然的关系。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,NMwMay在美国的背景是有一种保护蜜蜂的趋势。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段可推知,这项运动几乎不用任何费用。
3.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“therplants—includingnativespecies—mayalsappearinyurlawn”可知,蒲公英是“NMwMay”运动扩展后常见的花,而这项运动也会让草坪上长出其他种类的花。即蒲公英是“NMwMay”运动的典型例子。故可推断,画线部分意为“典型例子”。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Itsppularityliesinitsbeingsimple:JustgivebeesahelpduringthecrucialspringtimebyremvingachrefrmyurlistandlettingyurlawngrwfrthemnthfMay.”及最后一段中“MstftheAmericansprbablylveddandelinsaschildrenbuthavetendedthatethemasadultsbecausefAmericanlawnculture,whichallwsnflwers.”可知,一块定期修剪的草坪才是符合美国草坪文化的。
Passage2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的软件,这款名为FIT的软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Interactivesftwarethat ‘reads’ andanalysesftprintsleftbyblackrhinscanbeusedtmnitrthemvementsftheanimalsinthewild,givingcnservatinistsanewwaytkeepwatchntheendangeredspeciesandhelpkeepitsafefrmpachers,accrdingtaDukeUniversity-ledstudy.”可知,交互式软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时给保护主义者提供了一种新的方法来监视濒危物种,并帮助保护它们免受偷猎者的伤害。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段“Thesftware,calledtheFtprintIdentificatinTechnique(FIT),usesadvancedtechnlgytanalyzemrethan100measurementsfarhin’sftprint.Becauseeachrhin’sftprintisasspecialasahumanfingerprint,theanalyzedimagescanbecllectedelectrnicallyinaglbaldatabasefpreviuslycllectedftprintimagesfrmatching.”可知,这款软件可以通过采集犀牛的足迹,然后会和先前收集的足迹图像的全球数据库进行匹配。可推知,这款软件是非常实用的。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“‘It’sacst-effectiveapprachthatntnlyprtectsthehealthftherhinandthehuman,butalsbringsacenturies-ldtrackingskillintthe21stCentury,’ shesaid.”可知,ZeJewell认为它以最低的成本带来最大的优势。
8.A 推理判断题。根据第一段和最后一段可知,FIT 软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。FIT可以对整个保护区的足迹进行调查,并对每个足迹进行测量,以估计该区域的犀牛数量,因而未来犀牛的数量应该是朝着人们期望的方向发展。
Passage3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海狸的活动对其栖息地产生的正向和负向的两种影响,以及人们为人与海狸和谐共存所做的努力。
9.B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Beavers,likehumans,changetheirsurrundingstfittheirneeds.Knwnasnature’sengineers,theyteartreesdwntbuildhmestliveinanddamtraisewaterlevelsfrprtectinfrmenemies.Damsalsslwwater’sflwwhileblckingsedimentthatwuldtherwiseflwdwnstream.Theresultingwetlandsftenattractwildlifediversitywherennehadexisted.”可知,第一段主要讲海狸对它们的栖息地有什么影响。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“ButcuntyfficialswerecncernedabuthwhigherwaterwuldaffectthesilbanksupprtingWinstnPath.”可知,海狸家族的活动之所以会引起关注是因为温斯顿小径的土岸坡可能会受影响。
11.C 词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“Bafflesstabilizewaterlevelsbycreatingahiddenexitfrhighwatertescapethrughthedam,unnticedbythebeavers.”可推知,画线短语“beaverbaffle”应该指的是一个维持水位的装置。
12.B 推断判断题。根据最后一段“SwallwPnd’s2023prjectwuldrestreprperwaterdepthandimprvewildlifehabitatwithutcreatingprblemsfrthepath.”可知,燕子塘2023年项目的主题可以是和谐共存。故选B项。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)at risk f冒着……危险
2.(Passage 1)ppularity n.受欢迎
3.(Passage 1)be native t原产于,源于……的
4.(Passage 1)reflect n仔细考虑,思考
5.(Passage 2)keep watch n监视
6.(Passage 2)shw up出现
7.(Passage 3)fit vt.适应
8.(Passage 3)tear dwn砍倒,拆毁,拆除
9.(Passage 3)delicate adj.微妙的
10.(Passage 3)cexist with与……共存
熟词生义:
(Passage 2)plt vt.(在地图上)画出
长难句分析:
(Passage 2)This creates an interactive library that anti-paching patrls(反偷猎巡逻)can use t search fr animals at the highest risk,including thse whse ftprints haven’t been shwing up in recent years.
分析:本句为复合句。that anti-paching patrls(反偷猎巡逻)can use t search fr animals at the highest risk为that引导的定语从句;whse ftprints haven’t been shwing up in recent years为whse引导的定语从句。
句意:这创建了一个交互式库,反偷猎巡逻队可以使用它来搜索风险最高的动物,包括那些近年来没有出现脚印的动物。