人教版（2019）英语必修第二册全册配套练习英美文化欣赏

这是一份人教版（2019）英语必修第二册全册配套练习英美文化欣赏，共12页。
【导读】　《我的生活》是海伦·凯勒的处女作。作品一发表，立即在美国引起了轰动，被称为“世界文学史上无与伦比的杰作”。本书由海伦·凯勒的《我的生活》《走出黑暗》《老师》三本书以及发表在美国《大西洋月刊》上的著名散文《假如给我三天光明》编译而成，完整系统地介绍了海伦·凯勒丰富、生动、真实而伟大的一生。【节选】The Story of My LifeIt is with a kind of fear that I begin to write the history of my life.I have，as it were，a superstitious hesitation in lifting the veil that clings about my childhood like a golden mist.The task of writing an autobiography is a difficult one.When I try to classify my earliest impressions，I find that fact and fancy look alike across the years that link the past with the present.The woman paints the child's experiences in her own fantasy.A few impressions stand out vividly from the first years of my life；but “the shadows of the prison­house are on the rest”．Besides，many of the joys and sorrows of childhood have lost their poignancy；and many incidents of vital importance in my early education have been forgotten in the excitement of great discoveries.In order，therefore，not to be tedious I shall try to present in a series of sketches only the episodes that seem to me to be the most interesting and important.I was born on June 27，1880，in Tuscumbia，a little town of northern Alabama.The family on my father's side is descended from Caspar Keller，a native of Switzerland，who settled in Maryland.One of my Swiss ancestors was the first teacher of the deaf in Zurich and wrote a book on the subject of their education—rather a singular coincidence；though it is true that there is no king who has not had a slave among his ancestors，and no slave who has not had a king among his.My grandfather，Caspar Keller's son，“entered” large tracts of land in Alabama and finally settled there.I have been told that once a year he went from Tuscumbia to Philadelphia on horseback to purchase supplies for the plantation，and my aunt has in her possession many of the letters to his family，which give charming and vivid accounts of these trips.我的生活我是怀着惴惴不安的心情书写我生活的历史的。在我整个的童年时期，生活犹如笼罩在我身边的一团金色雾霭。写自传是很困难的，每当我试图分辨孩童时期记忆的时候，我就会发现，往昔的时光美好而真实，它如同一条纽带，同此时此刻的我紧紧相连。女人们通常会以富于想象力的方式来描述自己的童年经历。虽然，那些鲜活而生动的记忆来自我生命的最初时光，但是，“牢房一般的阴暗将伴随着我的余生”。此外，童年时期的欢乐和悲伤大都成为往事前尘，它们已然失去了当时的锋芒；在我接受早期教育过程中的那些重大事件，已经随着更加激动人心的伟大发现而被淡忘。因此，从这个意义上来说，将我生活中那些至关重要的章节做一个全盘性的勾勒，于我倒并不是一件枯燥乏味的工作。我于1880年6月27日出生在亚拉巴马州北部的一个叫作图斯康比亚的小镇。我父亲家的先人是来自瑞士的卡斯帕·凯勒家族，他们最初定居在马里兰州。在我的瑞士祖先中，有一个人曾是苏黎世聋哑学校的首位教师，他曾写过一本有关教学生涯的书——这似乎具有某种一脉相承的偶然性；尽管在他的祖先中没有王者，也不曾豢养过一个奴隶，而且，在早期先民之中，也没有奴隶曾隶属于一位王者。我的祖父，卡斯帕·凯勒家族之子，“进入”了亚拉巴马州这片广袤的土地并最终在此定居。我后来得知，曾经有那么一年，祖父骑马从图斯康比亚前往费城，为的是给种植园添置一些耕作用具。在我姑妈寄来的许多家信中，曾对祖父的这些旅行有过生动而清晰的记述。[知识积累]1．classify vt.　　　　　 分类；分等2．fancy n.   幻想3．vividly adv.   生动地4．coincidence n.   巧合5．purchase vt.   购买[文化链接]《假如给我三天光明》是美国当代作家海伦·凯勒的散文代表作。该文的前半部分主要写了海伦变成盲聋人后的生活，后半部分则介绍了海伦的求学生涯。同时也介绍她体会不同的丰富多彩的生活以及她的慈善活动等。她以一个身残志坚的柔弱女子的视角，告诫身体健全的人们应珍惜生命，珍惜造物主赐予的一切。   【导读】　《绿野仙踪》是美国作家莱·弗·鲍姆的优秀的儿童文学作品。作者以奇特的想象力描述了一个小女孩因被旋风刮到奥芝国，和她的三个朋友：狮子、稻草人、铁皮人团结在一起，共同克服困难，战胜险恶，为了实现自己的愿望，不屈不挠地同恶魔斗争，最终如愿以偿的故事。【节选】Wizard of OZDorothy lived in the midst of the great Kansas prairies，with Uncle Henry，who was a farmer，and Aunt Em，who was the farmer's wife.Their house was small，for the lumber to build it had to be carried by wagon many miles.There were four walls，a floor and a roof，which made one room；and this room contained a rusty looking cookstove，a cupboard for the dishes，a table，three or four chairs，and two beds.Uncle Henry and Aunt Em had a big bed in one corner，and Dorothy a little bed in another corner.There was no garret at all，and no cellar—except a small hole dug in the ground，called a cyclone cellar，where the family could go in case one of those great whirlwinds arose，mighty enough to crush any building in its path.It was reached by a trapdoor in the middle of the floor，from which a ladder led down into the small，dark hole.When Dorothy stood in the doorway and looked around，she could see nothing but the great gray prairie on every side.Not a tree nor a house broke the broad sweep of flat country that reached to the edge of the sky in all directions.The sun had baked the plowed land into a gray mass，with little cracks running through it.Even the grass was not green，for the sun had burned the tops of the long blades until they were the same gray color to  be seen everywhere.Once the house had been painted，but the sun blistered the paint and the rains washed it away，and now the  house was as dull and gray as everything else.When Aunt Em came there to live she was a young，pretty wife.The sun and wind had changed her，too.They had taken the sparkle from her eyes and left them a sober gray；they had taken the red from her cheeks and lips，and they were gray also.She was thin and gaunt，and never smiled now.绿野仙踪多萝茜与亨利叔叔、爱姆婶婶，一起住在堪萨斯州大草原中部的小木屋里。叔叔是个农民，他和婶婶长年在地里干活。因为建屋子的木材，要从很远的地方用货车运过来，很不容易，因而他们住的一间屋子只是小小的、四垛板壁、一个屋顶和一堂地板构成的；屋子里有一个破旧的烧饭用的炉灶，一个放着盆碟的橱，一张桌子，三四把椅子，两张床。亨利叔叔和爱姆婶婶的大床，放在角落里，多萝茜的小床，放在另外一个角落里。整幢屋子没有阁楼，也没有地下室——只有一个小洞，直通到地面下，这洞叫作“旋风的地洞”。在大旋风刮来时，全家人可以躲进里面去，因为凡是旋风经过的地方，不论什么屋子它都能够吹倒。在地板的中央，有一扇活动的木门，那里有一座梯子，走下去就进入了那又小又黑的地洞里。多萝茜站在门口，向四周眺望，茫茫的灰色的大草原，望不到尽头。在那一片宽阔平坦的原野上没有一棵树，也没有一间小屋子。那草原，似乎一直伸展到天边。那太阳烤炙着这耕作过的田地，使它变成一片灰色的有许多裂缝的荒野。甚至，原野上的草也不是绿色的，因为太阳灼烧着它们的顶部长叶，使得它们不论从何处看，都是灰色的。有一次，屋子涂了油漆，太阳却把油漆晒起了泡，雨把它褪尽了，这屋子就像其他东西一样暗淡了。当初爱姆婶婶来到这里的时候，年轻而美丽。太阳和风也使她变了样。它们带走了她的光辉，留下了一种沉重的灰色；她的面颊上和嘴唇上，失去了红润，也只剩灰色了。如今她消瘦而且憔悴，不再微笑。[知识积累]1．crush vt.　　　　　 挤压变形2．trapdoor n.   地板门3．bake vt.   烤4．blister vt.   使起泡5．The sun had baked the plowed land into a gray mass，with little cracks running through it.分析：本句为简单句。with little cracks running through it 是由“with＋宾语＋现在分词作宾补”构成的with的复合结构。[文化链接]《绿野仙踪全集》又名《OZ国经典童话》，是美国作家弗兰克·鲍姆(Frank Baum)在1900—1920年期间陆续创作发表的奇幻冒险童话故事集，共十四本，有“美国的《西游记》”之称。弗兰克·鲍姆的“绿野仙踪”系列是美国最著名的童话故事，是美国儿童文学协会(CLA)评选的“十部美国最伟大的儿童文学作品”之一，也是美国全国教育协会(NEA)推荐的“最佳童书之一”。问世百年以来被翻译成20多种语言出版，根据“绿野仙踪”故事改编的动画片、电影、舞台剧等更是不计其数。 【导读】　《汤姆·索亚历险记》是马克·吐温非常著名的作品。这部小说描述了聪明顽皮的汤姆受不了姨妈和学校老师的管束，常常逃学闯祸。一天深夜，他与好朋友哈克贝里·芬到墓地玩耍，无意间目睹了一起凶杀案的发生。因为害怕被凶手发现他们知道这件事，汤姆、哈克贝里带着另一个小伙伴一起逃到一座荒岛上做起了“海盗”，后来经过激烈的思想斗争，汤姆终于勇敢地站出来，指证了凶手。【节选】The Adventures of Tom Sawyer“What's gone with that boy，I wonder？You TOM！” No answer.The old lady pulled her spectacles down and looked over them about the room；then she put them up and looked out under them.She seldom or never looked through them or so small a thing as a boy；they were her state pair，the pride of her heart，and were built for “style”， not service—she could have seen through a pair of stove—lids just as well.She looked perplexed for a moment，and then said，not fiercely，but still loud enough for the furniture to hear.“Well，I lay if I get hold of you I'll—” She did not finish，for by this time she was bending down and punching under the bed with the broom，and so she needed breath to punctuate the punches with.She resurrected nothing but the cat.“I never did see the beat of that boy！” She went to the open door and stood in it and looked out among the tomato vines and “jimpson” weeds that constituted the garden.No Tom.So she lifted up her voice at an angle calculated for distance and shouted：“Y­o­u­u Tom！” There was a slight noise behind her and she turned just in time to seize a small boy by the slack of his roundabout and arrest his flight.“There！I might ‘a’ thought of that closet.What have you been doing there？”“Nothing.”“Nothing！Look at your hands.And look at your mouth.What is that truck？”“I don't know，aunt.”“Well，I know.It's jam—that's what it is.Forty times I've said if you didn't let that jam alone I'd skin you.Hand me that switch.”The switch hovered in the air—the peril was desperate—“My！Look behind you，aunt！”汤姆·索亚历险记“这孩子到底怎么啦，我真搞不懂？你这个汤姆！”还是没有人答应。这位老太太拉低眼镜从镜片上方朝房间看了看，然后她又抬高眼镜从镜片下面看。她很少或者干脆说她从来没戴正眼镜来找像一个小男孩这样小的东西。这副眼镜是很考究的，也是她的骄傲，她配这副眼镜不是为了实用，而是为了“装饰”，为了“漂亮”。她看东西时，即使戴上两片炉子盖也照样看得一清二楚。她茫然不知所措地愣了一会儿。然后虽然不是凶神恶煞般，但嗓门高得让每个角落都能听到，她说：“好，我发誓如果我抓住你，我就——”她话没有说完，因为这时她正弯腰用扫把往床下猛捣，每捣一下，她需要停下来换口气。结果，只捣出来一只猫。“我还从没有见过这么令人吃惊的孩子！”她走到敞开的门口，站在那里朝满园子的西红柿藤和吉普逊草丛中看，想找到汤姆，可还是没有。于是她亮开嗓子朝远处，高声喊道：“汤姆呀，汤姆！”这时在她身后传来一声轻微的响声，她转身一把抓住了一个小男孩的短外套的衣角，他想跑都跑不掉了。“嘿！我早该想到那个壁橱，你躲在那里干什么？”“没干什么。”“没干什么！瞧你那双手，再看你那张嘴，还有那浑身是什么？”“我不知道，姨妈。”“哎，我知道，那是蜜饯——对，就是。我已跟你讲过有四十遍了，不要动我的蜜饯，否则我就扒你的皮。把鞭子递给我。”鞭子在空中晃悠——情况万分紧急。“不得了！瞧你身后是什么，姨妈！”[知识积累]1．perplexed adj.　　　　 不知所措的2．fiercely adv.   猛烈地3．constitute vt.   组成，构成4．desperate adj.   令人绝望的[文化链接]马克·吐温(1835—1910)，美国作家，真实姓名是塞缪尔·兰霍恩·克莱门斯。“马克·吐温”是他的笔名，原是密西西比河水手使用的表示在航道上所测水的深度的术语。《汤姆·索亚历险记》自出版以来，就广受追捧。该书大获成功之后，马克·吐温又创作了《密西西比河上的生活》(1883年)和《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》(1884年)，被后人推崇为“密西西比河三部曲”，还原了19世纪中后期最真实的美国社会。 【导读】　《哈利·波特》是英国作家J·K·罗琳(J.K.Rowling)于1997～2007年所著的魔幻文学系列小说，共7部。其中前六部以霍格沃茨魔法学校为主要舞台，描写的是主人公——年轻的巫师学生哈利·波特在霍格沃茨前后六年的学习生活和冒险故事；第七部描写的是哈利·波特在第二次世界大战中在外寻找魂器并消灭伏地魔的故事。【节选】Harry PotterMr.and Mrs.Dursley，of number four，Privet Drive，were proud to say that they were perfectly normal，thank you very much.They were the last people you'd expect to be involved in anything strange or mysterious，because they just didn't hold with such nonsense.Mr.Dursley was the director of a firm called Grunnings，which made drills.He was a big，beefy man with hardly any neck，although he did have a very large mustache.Mrs.Dursley was thin and blonde and had nearly twice the usual amount of neck，which came in very useful as she spent so much of her time craning over garden fences，spying on the neighbors.The Dursleys had a small son called Dudley and in their opinion there was no finer boy anywhere.The Dursleys had everything they wanted，but they also had a secret，and their greatest fear was that somebody would discover it.They didn't think they could bear it if anyone found out about the Potters.Mrs.Potter was Mrs.Dursley's sister，but they hadn't met for several years；in fact，Mrs.Dursley pretended she didn't have a sister，because her sister and her good­for­nothing husband were as unDursleyish as it was possible to be.The Dursleys shuddered to think what the neighbors would say it：the Potters arrived in the street.The Dursleys knew that the Potters had a small son，too，but they had never even seen him.This boy was another good reason for keeping the Potters away；they didn't want Dudley mixing with a child like that.哈利·波特住在女贞路四号的德思礼先生及夫人，他们非常骄傲地宣称自己是十分正常的人，拜托拜托了。他们绝不会卷入任何奇怪或神秘的事情，因为他们对此总是嗤之以鼻。德思礼先生是一家叫作格朗宁的钻机公司的老板。他非常肥壮、结实，几乎肥到没有脖子，但却有一把大胡子。德思礼夫人则很瘦，一头金发。她的脖子有常人的两倍那么长，这使得她整天伸长脖子透过花园围栏去偷窥邻居家的动静变得非常容易。德思礼夫妇有个儿子叫作达力。在他们眼中，这世界上再没有比达力更棒的男孩子。德思礼一家几乎有他们想要的一切东西。但是他们也有一个秘密，而且他们最大的担心就是有一天别人会发现这个秘密。如果有人知道了关于波特一家的事，他们会受不了的。波特夫人是德思礼夫人的妹妹，但是她们已经有很多年没有见面了。事实上，德思礼夫人假装她从来没有什么妹妹，因为她的妹妹和那不中用的妹夫没有一丝一毫德思礼家族的风范。一想到波特一家的到来会招致邻居的议论，德思礼一家就会浑身发抖。德思礼一家知道波特夫妇也有一个儿子，只是未曾谋面。这个小男孩也成了德思礼一家避开波特一家的借口，因为他们不希望听话的达力与这种小孩混在一起。[知识积累]1．involved vt.　　　　 包含；使参与，牵涉2．mysterious adj.   玄妙的；神秘的3．nonsense n.   胡闹；胡说4．drill vt.   训练；操练；钻(孔)5．beefy adj.   强壮的；结实的6．blonde adj.   (头发)金色的7．Mrs.Dursley was thin and blonde and had nearly twice the usual amount of neck，which came in very useful as she spent so much of her time craning over garden fences，spying on the neighbors.分析：该句是由关系代词which引导定语从句修饰先行词neck，并在从句中作主语；spying on the neighbors是­ing结构作伴随状语。[文化链接]根据《哈利·波特》作者J·K·罗琳的介绍，这个故事的灵感是1991年她在从曼彻斯特到伦敦的火车上萌发出的。她当时经常在爱迪安堡的一家咖啡馆中撰写第一集小说。尽管J·K·罗琳一再说明，在开始写哈利·波特系列小说时没有针对特定年龄层读者的想法，但是出版社在出版第一部的时候，显然把读者群定位在9到15岁的青少年。 【导读】　《狮子、女巫与魔衣橱》(The Lion，the Witch and the Wardrobe)是英国作家C·S·路易斯所著的《纳尼亚传奇》系列奇幻儿童文学小说第二部。《狮子、女巫与魔衣橱》叙述四个在第二次世界大战中逃难的英国学生在他们的逃难处，意外地发现了一个神秘而充满魔力的衣柜。他们发现衣柜竟是通往另一个神奇世界“纳尼亚”的通道。当他们得知这个新的世界被白女巫的魔咒变成了一个常年冰天雪地的世界后，这些充满好奇心的少年们为了打败女巫与解除魔咒开始了一场惊心动魄的探险和奇遇。【节选】The Lion，the Witch and the Wardrobe  Once there were four children whose names were Peter，Susan，Edmund and Lucy.This story is about something that happened to them when they were sent away from London during the war because of the air­raids.They were sent to the house of an old Professor who lived in the heart of the country，ten miles from the nearest railway station and two miles from the nearest post office.He had no wife and he lived in a very large house with a housekeeper called Mrs Macready and three servants.He himself was a very old man with shaggy white hair which grew over most of his face as well as on his head，and they liked him almost at once; but on the first evening when he came out to meet them at the front door he was so odd­looking that Lucy (who was the youngest) was a little afraid of him，and Edmund (who was the next youngest) wanted to laugh and had to keep on pretending he was blowing his nose to hide it.But when next morning came there was a steady rain falling，so thick that when you looked out of the window you could see neither the mountains nor the woods nor even the stream in the garden.“Of course it would be raining！” said Edmund.They had just finished their breakfast with the Professor and were upstairs in the room he had set apart for them—a long，low room with two windows looking out in one direction and two in another.狮子、女巫与魔衣橱从前，有这么四个孩子，他们的名字分别叫彼得、苏珊、爱德蒙和露茜。下面讲的故事就是他们亲身经历过的事情。那是在战争时期，为了躲避空袭，他们被送离伦敦，来到一位老教授的家里。这位老教授的家在英国的中部，离最近的火车站有十英里远，离最近的邮局也有两英里。他没有老伴，和女管家玛卡蕾蒂太太以及另外三个仆人一起住着一所很大很大的房子。教授已经老态龙钟，一头蓬乱的白发。孩子们一来就喜欢上了他。但在第一天傍晚，当他从大门口出来迎接他们的时候，他的这副怪模样使年龄最小的露茜感到有点害怕，而爱德蒙呢(除了露茜他年龄最小)，却忍不住要笑，他只好一次又一次地装作擦鼻涕，这才没有笑出声来。但第二天早晨，却淅沥沥地下起雨来了。雨很大，透过窗子向外望去，你既看不见山，也看不见树林，甚至连花园里的小溪也看不见。“没有办法，天大概还要下雨！”爱德蒙说。他们刚和教授一起吃完早饭，就来到楼上教授给他们安排的房间。这是一个狭长而又低矮的房间，两头各开着两扇窗子可以看到外面。[知识积累]1．air­raid n．　　　　　 空袭2．housekeeper n.   女管家3．shaggy adj.   毛发蓬松的4．odd­looking adj.   相貌奇特的5．steady adj.   稳定的，不变的6．But when next morning came there was a steady rain falling，so thick that when you looked out of the window you could see neither the mountains nor the woods nor even the stream in the garden.分析：该句中when next morning came作时间状语，so...that结构后面跟有一个时间状语从句，when you looked out of the window是从句，主句中用neither...nor...连接并列宾语。[文化链接]《纳尼亚传奇》是路易斯于1950年至1956年间创作的七本系列魔幻故事，分别为《魔法师的外甥》《狮子、女巫与魔衣橱》《能言马与男孩》《凯斯宾王子》《黎明踏浪号》《银椅》和《最后一战》。故事中的“纳尼亚王国”是一个神秘奇幻的世界，在这些故事中，小主人公们或凭借一枚魔法戒指，或通过一扇衣柜大门等各种奇妙方法进入奇幻世界纳尼亚王国。故事以正义与邪恶的斗争为线索展开，他们在伟大的狮王阿斯兰的帮助下，通过英勇的冒险和战斗，一次次战胜邪恶，拯救纳尼亚的人们并保卫了这个神奇而充满欢乐的国度。每个故事独立成册，但形散神不散，七个主题构成一部史诗般的整体。