高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Welcome unit导学案

【课前预习--词性及句子成分】

内容：（一）I.词性的分类

词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类

1. 名词 noun  n. student  学生 _____________    __________________              

2. 代词 pronoun  pron. you 你  ____________    ____________

3. 形容词 adjective  adj. happy 高兴的  ____________   ____________

4. 副词 adverb  adv. quickly 迅速地   ____________    ____________

5. 动词 verb  v. cut 砍、割     ____________     ____________

6. 数词 numeral  num. three 三  ____________    ____________

7. 冠词 article  art. a 一个   ____________     ____________               

8. 介词 preposition  prep. at 在...   ____________   ____________

9. 连词 conjunction  conj. and 和  ____________   ____________

10. 感叹词 interjection  interj. oh 哦  ____________  ____________

（二）理解和背诵导学案上的例句，了解并能区分各种句子成分。

根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。

一、主语(Subject)：是句子的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如： （划线部分是主语）

I am curious about the history of China.  （代词）

Seeing is believing. （动名词）

To say is one thing, and to do is another. （不定式）

Two in distress makes the sorrow less.  （数词）

What he said in the meeting impressed me a lot. （从句）

It is said that anyone who touches the tree will have a bad luck. (从句)

二、谓语(Verb) ：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词（包括 vt. 及物动词 / vi. 不及物动词）或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如：

1. His parents are teachers.（系动词和表语一起作谓语）

2. We study hard.（行为动词作谓语〉

3. We have finished reading the book.（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）

4. He can speak English.（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）

三、宾语(Object)：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：

We all enjoy ourselves in this party.  （代词）

I enjoy reading English loudly in the morning . （动名词）

I want to be a singer when I grow up. （不定式）

One plus one equals two.  （数词）

We found it difficult to make every team member to be active in team activities.  (形式宾语)

The scientists have found out that sleep can have an effect on one's sociality .（从句）

四、宾语补足语(object Complement)：英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。

Only work no play makes Jack a dull boy.  （名词）

The news of his death made me blue for long . （形容词）

My mom asked me to take part in this speech contest. （不定式）

We found the village distroyed in ruins in this earthquake and we also found many children in this area sleeping on the road. （分词）

五、表语（Predicative）：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如：

My father is a great engineer.  (名词)

What he said seemed unbelievable at his time.(形容词)

Winter is coming on. It is colder and colder.  (形容词)

Seeing is believing.  (动名词)

To say is one thing, and to do is another. (不定式)

The cat is under the tree. (介词短语)

My suggestion is that we should take action to protect our environment. (从句)

六、定语(Attribute)：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如：

He is my boy friend. 名词

This is my credit card. 形容词性物主代词

The cat under the tree is mine. 介词短语

Information age needs people equipped with basic data-analysis ability. 分词短语

Information age needs people to be equipped with basic data-analysis ability.  不定式

Information age needs people who are equipped with basic data analysis ability. 从句

七、状语(Adverbial)：是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如：

The operation went on successfully. 副词

Experts all over the world come together in Shanghai for this conference 介词短语

To have a better performance, I kept practicing before going to the stage. 不定式短语

Looking around, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus. 分词短语

When I looked around, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenge left on the bus.从句

（三）理解并区分最基本的句子结构

一、S(subject) +Vi(intransitive verb)（主语＋谓语<不及物动词>）

句子里的动词能够表达一个完整的意思，后边不需要加宾语，

这里的动词为不及物动词。如加宾语，需要借助介词。

       Time flies.

       Winter comes.

       He smiles at me.

常见的不及物动词：

begin, run, jump, die, listen, smile, speak, cry, live,

come, go, arrive, walk, work, stay, sleep, swim, laugh, happen...

翻译：

1. 五年前我住在北京。

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2. 他去年在一个大公司工作。

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二、S(subject) +Vt(transitive verb) +O(object)（主语＋谓语<及物动词>＋宾语）

及物动词vt必须加宾语，否则意思不完整 vt+宾语

eg. I see a blackboard in the classroom.

eg. Tom watched TV just now.

连词成句

1. aunt, find, passport, my, her, can't.

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2. up, late,she, yesterday, got .

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三、S(subject) +V(verb) +P（主语＋系动词＋表语）

系动词可分四类：

1）be动词； eg.I am a good student.

2）感官动词类look, feel, smell, taste, sound等+adj.

eg. These flowers smell very sweet.

3）表示变化：get, grow, become, turn, go等 eg.It becomes warmer and warmer.

4）表示状态延续：stay, keep, prove, remain, 等 eg. He remained silent.

例题：

1，Millie is very ______, so we all want to make ______ with her.

A .friends; friendly                 B. friendly; friends

C. friendly; friendly               D. friends; friends

2，—How do you feel when you win the game?

    —It makes me feel ______.

 A. Proudly     B. proud      C. interesting    D. funny

连词成句应用练习

1. his, My brother, homework, hasn't done.

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2. English , People, speak,  all over the world.

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3. attention, You,  good,  to, your pronunciation, must pay.

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4. to sleep, The man, was trying.

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5. to take, He, asked, her, the boy, out of school.

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【自主探究】

实词：               

虚词：               

主语的基本类型：              

谓语的基本类型：             

宾语的基本类型：              

宾补的基本类型：              

表语的基本特点：             

定语基本类型：              

梳理简单句的基本类型 ：

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