高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Welcome unit导学案
展开Welcome Unit语法 句子成分和基本句型
第01练 句子成分和基本句型
句子成分和基本句型的概念:
1. 句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。
(1) 主语:名词、代词主格、数词、动词不定式、动名词等
如:I have a stomachache. 我胃痛。
(2) 谓语:动词,一般位于主语之后
如:He put the book on the table.他把书放在桌上。
(3) 宾语:名词、代词宾格、数词、动词不定式、动名词等
如:I lost my school ID card. 我丢了校园卡。
(4)表语:在连系动词之后的形容词、名词、代词、动词不定式、介词短语等
如:My keys are in my schoolbag. 我的钥匙在书包里。
(5)定语:形容词、代词、数词、名词、动名词不定式、介词短语等
如:The white model plane is hers. 白色的飞机模型是她的。
(6)状语:副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和分词短语等
如:Sports star eats well. 运动明星吃得很好。
(7)宾语补足语:形容词、名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、分词等
如:The loud music makes me nervous.吵闹的音乐使我很紧张。
(8)同位语:名词、数词、代词或从句
如:Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
(9)连系动词的种类:
① be动词类:am,is,are,was,were
② 表示变化类:become,get,turn
③ 感官动词类:look,sound,smell,taste,feel
④ 表示延续性的动词 :remain,stay,keep
2. 简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子按照结构来分,可以分为简单句,并列句和复合句。简单句是含有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。简单句有五种基本句型。
句子结构 | 例句 |
主语+谓语(S+V) | The boy smiles |
主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) | I suggested taking a walk. |
主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) | The story sounds interesting. |
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) | Timmy passed me a present. |
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) | He found maths easy. |
一、单项选择
1.What is the sentence pattern(句型)of the sentence “I had my first English class at senior high school.”?
A.S V O A B.S V O C.S V IO DO D.S V O C
2.What is the sentence pattern (句型) of the sentence “He told us a funny story.”?
A.S V A B.S V O C.S V IO DO D.S V O A
3.What is the sentence pattern(句型) of the sentence “I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful”?
A.S V A B.S V O C.S V IO DO D.S V O C
4.Features are written in an individual style, with extra detail and background.
A.状语 B.宾语补足语 C.主语 D.定语
5.请看句子判断划线部分属于哪种句型:
Mr. Green will give us a speech on how to learn English well.
A.S+V+O+A B.S+V+O C.S+V+O+C D.S+V+IO+DO
6.Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.
A.SVP B.SVO C.SP D.SVOC
7.He found his new job challenging. (判断句子结构类型)
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DC D.S+V+O+C
8.Which of the following sentence follows the structure of “SVP”?
A.The school adviser helped me choose suitable subjects.
B.At university, Mr. Wang used to teach himself Japanese.
C.His goal is to look after homeless children in poverty-stricken areas.
D.He is looking sadly at his broken car.
9.What is the basic structure of the underlined sentence below?
Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.
A.S V O B.S V IO DO C.S V O C D.S P
10.“The news makes me feel very happy.”这个句子的结构是“________”.
A.S+V+O B.S + V + IO + DO C.S + V + P D.S + V + O + OC
11.What is the basic structure of the underlined sentence below?
Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge
(S=subject, V=verb, O=object, DO=direct object, IO=indirect object, C=complement. P=predicative)
A.SVO B.SVIODO C.SVOC D.SP
12.What’s the sentence structure of “The news makes me feel very happy.“?
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+O+OC D.S+V+I0+DO
13.Which of the following four sentences is SVOC (主-谓-宾-补) pattern?
A.For him, that dream has come true!
B.The teacher was kind and friendly.
C.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
D.There’s a lot to explore at senior high.
14.Which part is AdvP in the following two sentences?
[A]My first French class was [B]very confusing. [C]The teacher spoke [D]so fast!
A.A B.B C.C D.D
15.People all over the world speak English.(挑出句中宾语)
A.People B.all over the world C.speak D.English
16.The sun rises in the east as usual.(挑出句中谓语)
A.The sun B.rises C.in the east D.as usual
17.They made him monitor of the class.(挑出句中宾语补足语)
A.They B.made C.him D.monitor
18.You should register before Friday.
A.主语 B.状语 C.谓语 D.宾补
19.The girl was reading a story in a low voice.
A.宾补 B.谓语 C.间接宾语 D.表语
20.Lily’s mother bought her a pet dog as a birthday present.
A.宾补 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.表语
21.Now I know that the proper way is always her way.
A.宾语 B.宾补 C.表语 D.定语
22.Reading outside school is necessary and important in learning English.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.谓语 D.表语
23.Choose the correct sentence structure for “She found the task challenging.”
A.SV--IO--DO B.SVOA C.SVOC D.SVO
24.The little boy bought his mother a gift on Mother’s day.
A.SVIODO B.SP C.SVO D.SVA
25.Her face turned red.
A.SV B.SVIODO C.SP D.SVO
26.Please leave the lights on when you walk out of the room.
What sentence element does the underlined part serve as?
A.adverbial (状语) B.complement (补语)
C.attributive (定语) D.appositive (同位语)
27.I enjoyed the evening when we stayed together by the sea.
What sentence element (句子成分) does the underlined part serve as?
A.adverbial (状语) B.complement (补语)
C.attributive (定语) D.appositive (同位语)
28.The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.主句中的主语是:________。
A.the four countries B.the United Kingdom C.Some areas D.belong to
29.Born in the USA, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada. 句子中的谓语动词是________。
A.Born B.began C.Whitacre D.studying
30.Zhang Lei knows the destination quite well. 划线部分是什么短语?在句子中做什么成分?
A.AdjP, 定语 B.AdjP, 状语 C.AdvP, 状语 D.AdvP, 定语
二、指出划线部分在句中充当的句子成分。
指出划线部分在句中充当的句子成分。
31.He asked me to come to school very early.
32.There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road.
33.He must be at home now.
34.He wanted to buy some more bananas.
35.The boy on the bike is my little son.
36.You must leave at the moment.
37.Eating too much is bad for health.
38.After running, he felt tried.
39.I found it difficult to learn English.
40.In the 1960s, few children had the chance to receive a good education.
判断以下句子类型
41.In other words, we are the master of our own future.
42.Friends made my life full of excitement.
43.The sun was shining.
44.The boss made him do the work day and night.
45.This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class.
46.An old man was walking slowly and carefully.
47.Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.
48.There are ten boys in the classroom.
参考答案:
1.A
【详解】考查句子类型。句意:我在高中上了我的第一堂英语课。此处主语I;had为谓语;my first English class为宾语,at senior high school作地点状语,属于主谓宾状结构,故选A。
2.C
【详解】考查基本句型。句意:“他给我们讲了一个有趣的故事”这个句子的句型是什么?根据句意及句子分析可知,He是主语S,told是谓语动词V,us是间接宾语IO,a funny story是直接宾语DO。故选C。
3.D
【详解】考查句子分析,句型结构。句意:“我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好,乐于助人”这句话的句式是什么?A. S V A主谓状;B. S V O主谓宾;C. S V IO DO主谓宾宾;D. S V O C主谓宾补。代词I是主语;动词found是谓语;名词短语most of my classmates and teachers是宾语;并列形容词friendly and helpful是补足语。故选D项。
4.A
【详解】考查介词短语作状语。句意:特写是以独立的风格编写,带有额外的细节和背景。分析句子结构和意思可知,with extra detail and background是介词短语,主句是被动句,成分齐全,句意完整,因此是介词短语作状语。故选A。
5.D
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们做一个报告。根据句意及句子分析可知,划线部分的结构为“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”。主语是Mr. Green,动词是will give,直接宾语是a speech,间接宾语是us。故选D。
6.A
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:从初中到高中的确是一种大的挑战。此处主语为Going from junior high school to senior high school,is为be动词,为表语 a really big challenge,为主系表结构。故选A。
7.D
【详解】考查句子结构类型。句意:他发现他的新工作很有挑战性。分析句子结构可知,该句为主谓宾宾补结构。主语为He;谓语为found;宾语为his new job;宾语补足语为challenging。故选D项。
8.C
【详解】考查句子成分。题干意为:下面哪个句子为主系表的结构。分析4个选项可知,C选项为主系表,主语是His goal,谓语是be动词is,be动词属于系动词,表语是不定式to look after homeless children,A选项主谓宾结构、B选项为主谓+双宾结构,D选项也为主谓宾结构。故选C。
9.D
【详解】考查句子成分分析。句意:从初中升入高中是一个很大的挑战。分析可知,“Going from junior high school to senior high school”是动名词作主语,“a really big challenge”是表语,因此句子结构是SP,故选D。
10.D
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:这个消息让我感到非常高兴。分析句子可知,“The news”在句中作主语,“makes”在句中作谓语,“me”在句中作宾语,“feel very happy”在句中作宾语补足语,故这个句子的结构是“S + V + O + OC”。故选D项。
11.D
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:从初中升入高中是一个很大的挑战。分析可知,Going from junior high school to senior high school作主语,is是系动词,a really big challenge是表语,故该句是主系表结构。故选D。
12.C
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:这个消息使我感到非常高兴。分析句子,the news为句子的主语,makes为句子的谓语,me为宾语,feel happy为宾补,选项C符合题意,故选C。
13.C
【详解】考查主-谓-宾-补句型结构。选项A“For him, that dream has come true!(对他而言,那个梦想已经实现!)”是主-谓的结构;选项B“The teacher was kind and friendly.(这个老师友好善良。)”是主-系-表的结构;选项C“I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.(我发现我大多数同学和老师友好且乐于助人。)”是主-谓-宾-补的结构;选项D“There’s a lot to explore at senior high.(高中有需要要探索的地方。)”是there be句型。故选C项。
14.D
【详解】考查副词短语。下面两句话中哪一部分是副词短语?句意:我的第一堂法语课非常混乱。老师说得太快了!题目中A部分和C部分为名词短语,B部分为形容词短语,D部分为副词短语。故选D。
15.D
【详解】考查句子成分分析。句意:全世界的人都说英语。本句为简单句,其中主语为people,谓语为speak,宾语为English,状语为all over the world。故选D。
16.B
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:太阳照常从东方升起。分析句子结构可知,句子主语是The sun,谓语是rises,状语是in the east as usual,故选B。
17.D
【详解】考查句子成分分析。句意:他们选他为这个班的班长。分析句子可知,they为句子的主语,made为句子的谓语,him为宾语,monitor为句子宾语补足语,故选D。
18.B
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:你应该在周五前注册。You是主语,should register是谓语动词,before Friday是时间状语。故选B。
19.B
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:这个女孩正在小声读故事。The girl是主语,was reading是谓语动词,为过去进行时,a story是宾语,in a low voice是状语。故选B。
20.C
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:莉莉的妈妈给她买了一条宠物狗作为生日礼物。buy sb. sth.“给某人买某物”,sb.是间接宾语,sth.是直接宾语,因此句中her是间接宾语。故选C。
21.C
【详解】考查句子结构。分析句子可知,句子是含有that引导的宾语从句的复合句,宾语从句是主系表结构,her way位于is后,在从句中作表语。故选C。
22.A
【详解】考查句子结构。分析句子可知,句子是主系表结构,Reading outside school是动名词短语作主语,故选A。
23.C
【详解】考查基本句型。句意:她发现任务具有挑战性。A. SV--IO--DO主谓+间宾+直宾;B. SVOA主谓宾状 ;C. SVOC主谓宾补;D. SVO主谓宾。分析句子的结构可知,此句为“find+宾语+宾补”的结构,其中宾语为the task,宾补为challenging。故选C。
24.A
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:小男孩在母亲节给妈妈买了一个礼物。The little boy作主语(S),bought作谓语(V), his mother作间接宾语(IO),a gift作直接宾语(DO),on Mother’s day作时间状语,因此该句为SVIODO结构。故选A。
25.C
【详解】考查基本句型。A.SV主谓;B.SVIODO主谓直宾间宾;C.SP主系表;D.SVO主谓宾。her face为句子的主语,turn为系动词,red为形容词在句中充当表语,故此句型为主系表结构。故选C。
26.B
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:你走出房间时,请把灯开着。分析句子可知,这是一个祈使句,是“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,leave是谓语动词,“the lights”是名词作宾语,“on”是副词,在句中作宾语补足语,表示宾语的状态,when引导时间状语从句。故选B项。
27.C
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:我很喜欢我们一起在海边度过的那个夜晚。划线部分是什么句子成分?根据句意及所给句子可知,when we stayed together by the sea是定语从句,修饰先行词evening。故选C。
28.A
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:这四个属于英国的国家在某些领域合作。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语为The four countries ,that belong to the United Kingdom 为定语从句,修饰名词The four countries,work together为谓语动词,in some areas为地点状语。故选A。
29.B
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:出生在美国,惠特克内华达大学开始学习音乐。分析句子结构可知,句中Whitacre为主语,began为谓语动词,studying music 为宾语, at the University of Nevada.为地点状语,Born in the USA为过去分词作状语。故选B。
30.C
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:张磊很清楚目的地。分析句子结构可知,划线部分quite well是副词短语(AdvP),在句中作状语。故选C。
31.宾语补足语 32.主语 33.时间状语 34.宾语 35.后置定语 36.谓语 37.主语 38.表语 39.宾语补足语 40.后置定语
【解析】31.句意:他让我早点来学校。分析句子成分可知划线部分构成固定短语ask sb to do要求某人做某事,不定式在句子中作宾语补足语,故答案为宾语补足语。
32.句意:路的两边有很多树。分析句子成分可知本句是There be句型表示存在,划线部分是句子主语部分,故答案为主语。
33.句意:他现在一定在家。分析句子成分可知此处划线部分在句子中充当时间状语,故答案为时间状语。
34.句意:他想再买一些香蕉。分析句子成分可知此处构成动词短语want to do想要做某事,不定式充当宾语,故答案为宾语。
35.句意:骑自行车的男孩是我的小儿子。分析句子成分可知此处是介词短语充当后置定语,故答案为后置定语。
36.句意:你现在必须离开。分析句子成分可知划线部分充当句子谓语表示“必须离开”,故答案为谓语。
37.句意:吃得太多对健康有害。分析句子成分可知划线部分是动名词充当句子主语部分,表示“吃得太多”,故答案为主语。
38.句意:跑步后,他感到筋疲力尽。分析句子成分可知划线部分在句子中充当表语,表示“筋疲力尽的”,故答案为表语。
39.句意:我发现学习英语很难。分析句子成分可知划线部分充当句子宾语补足语,故答案为宾语补足语。
40.句意:在20世纪60年代,很少有孩子有机会接受良好的教育。分析句子成分可知划线部分为不定式充当句子后置定语部分修饰名词chance,故答案为后置定语。
41.主语+系动词+表语 42.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 43.主语+谓语(不及物动词) 44.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 45.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 46.主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语 47.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 48.There be...句型
【解析】41.考查句子类型。句意:换句话说,我们是自己未来的主人。we为主语;are是系动词;the master of our own future为表语。故填主语+系动词+表语。
42.考查句子类型。句意:朋友使我的生活充满了兴奋。Friends为主语;made为谓语;my life为宾语;full of excitement为宾补。故填主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语。
43.考查句子类型。句意:阳光灿烂。The sun为主语;was shining为谓语。故填主语+谓语(不及物动词)。
44.考查句子类型。句意:老板让他没日没夜地工作。The boss为主语;made为谓语;him作宾语;do the work day and night为宾补。故填主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语。
45.考查句子类型。句意:今天早上老师在课上给我们讲了希望工程。主语为our teacher;told为谓语;us为间接宾语;something about the Hope Project为直接宾语。故填主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语。
46.考查句子类型。句意:一位老人慢慢地小心地走着。An old man为主语;was walking为谓语;slowly and carefully作状语。故填主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语。
47.考查句子类型。句意:我们地区的农民种植大量蔬菜。此处Farmers为主语,grow为谓语,vegetables为宾语,故填主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语。
48.考查句子类型。句意:教室里有十个男孩。此处为There be...句型,主语为ten boys,故填There be...句型。
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