2024届高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第三册Unit3EnvironmentalProtection教师用书

UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义
1．the emission of gases　　　　 气体的排放
2．carbon footprint 碳足迹
3．the disposal of waste 废物处理
4．a professor in ecology 一位生态学教授
5．reduce fuel consumption 降低燃料消耗
6．attract worldwide attention 引起世界各地的关注
7．economic policy 经济政策
8．under heavy smog 处于重度烟雾中
9．the volume of sales 销售量
10．in a garbage bag 在一个垃圾袋里

二、表达词汇——在语境中活用
(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思
1．He is releasing an album of songs.(vt.发布)
2．There is a growing trend towards earlier retirement.(n.趋势)
3．Troops have seized the airport and railway terminals.(vt.控制)
4．There was impatience over the slowness of reform.(n.改革)
5．The storms and torrential rain caused traffic chaos across the country.(n.混乱)
6．The army has recently been brought in to restore order.(vt.恢复)
7．The factory was fined for discharging chemicals into the river.(vt.对……处以罚款)
8．During his election campaign he promised to put the economy back on its feet.(n.运动)
(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式
1．In the 1930s, millions of Ukrainians starved to death or were deported.(vt.挨饿)
拓展：starvation n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死
2．She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech.(vt.维持)
拓展：sustained adj.持续的；持久的→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
3．The concert will be broadcast live on television and radio.(vt.播送)
拓展：broadcaster n．广播员
4．I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day.(vt.限制)
拓展：restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束→restricted adj.受限制的；有限的→restrictive adj.限制性的；约束的
5．In short, a good and harmonious environment at home is necessary for a child to grow healthy.(adj.和谐的)
拓展：harmony n．融洽；协调
6．A teacher must be sensitive to a child's needs.(adj.敏感的)
拓展：sense n．感觉；理解力→sensible adj.明智的；合理的→senseless adj.无意义的；失去知觉的→sensitively adv.敏感地；易受伤害地
7．Engineers carried out a thorough inspection of the track.(n.检查)
拓展：inspect vt.检查；视察→inspector n．检查员；视察员
8．I don't know how you tolerate that noise！(vt.忍受)
拓展：tolerance n．容忍；宽容→tolerable adj.可容忍的→tolerant adj.容忍的；宽容的→tolerantly adv.容忍地

三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用
写出或选出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思
1．I've been chosen to attend the national chess competition on behalf of our school.代表
2．Keeping animals at zoos has had an impact on the status of most endangered species.对……有影响
3．However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.导致
4．Most of housewives spent more time in search of food for cooking in their daily life.寻找
5．I took notes during the meeting, but I haven't had a chance to write them into a report so far.到目前为止
6．Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens.许多
7．Evolution occurs as a result of adaptation to new environment.由于
8．Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying out because of human activities.B
A．减弱　 B．灭绝　　C．渴望　　D．平息
四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法
1.
教材原句
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.(There is little doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”)
毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖。
写作亮句
(2021·全国乙卷书面表达)There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the rapid pace of the Internet development.
毫无疑问，我们从互联网的快速发展中受益良多。
文化典句
There is no doubt that success lies in hard work, while laziness can lead to failure.
毫无疑问，成功在于努力，而懒惰导致失败。

2.
教材原句
It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.(现在分词短语作后置定语)
我们有责任抓住每一个机会，让每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。
写作亮句
The people waiting for the bus are talking with each other.
正在等公共汽车的人们相互交谈着。
文化典句
People remaining optimistic strive for their own dreams persistently through thick and thin.
保持乐观的人们总是为自己的梦想不屈不挠、坚持不懈地奋斗。


五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美
常用修辞手法之暗喻
We got out of the car and each took a child's hand, and I followed Carolyn down the path.Then, we turned a corner of the path, and I looked up.Before me lay the most glorious sight as though someone had taken a great vat of colours and poured it down over the mountain.The flowers were planted in splendid patterns — ribbons of deep orange, white, lemon, yellow, and butter yellow.Each different-coloured variety was planted as a group so that it swirled and flowed as a river with its own unique colour.There were a huge sea of flowers.
我们下了车，每人牵着一个孩子的手，我跟着卡罗琳沿着小路走。然后，我们拐了一个弯，我抬起头来。在我面前是最壮丽的景象，仿佛有人拿了一大桶颜色倒在山上。这些花被种植成华丽的图案——深橙色、白色、柠檬色、黄色和奶油黄色的丝带。每一种不同颜色的品种都是作为一个群体种植的，这样它就可以像河流一样旋转和流动，有自己独特的颜色。那里有一大片花海。
[点评]　本段话中用“a great vat of colours, pour it down over the mountain”来比喻山上的美景就像是有人用了一大桶颜色倾倒而成， 用“river”比喻不同群组的花，用“sea”比喻花之多。人们都知道河流的曲折流淌，大海的宽广无垠，这样的暗喻使语言生动活泼。





1．starve vi.饿死；挨饿；饿得要死；渴望；极需要 vt.使饿死；使挨饿
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①Without their habitat, the animals were left to starve to death.
②I am inexperienced in this field, so I starve for your help in such condition.
③In this area the crops are drying out in the fields and people are dying of starvation (starve)．
④I starved to_get (get) this job to support my family and children, even if the salary was low.
[系统归纳]
(1)starve to death　　　　　 饿死
starve to do sth. 渴望做某事
starve for sth. 渴望得到某物
starve sb.into ... 断绝食物(或资金) 来源以迫使某人……
(2)starvation n. 饥饿；挨饿；饿死

2．restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
[题点全练](单句语法填空/句式升级)
①To limit the emission of carbon dioxide will have a restrictive (restrict) effect on all countries in the world.
②You may not know that in some high-cost stores smoking is only allowed in restricted (restrict) areas.
③The scientific station is cosy but has some restrictions (restrict) on personal lifestyle.
④There is no limit to the number of volunteers who can apply.
→There_is_no_restriction_on the number of volunteers who can apply.(restriction)
[系统归纳]
(1)restrict sth.to sth.　　 限制某物在某范围
restrict sb.to doing sth. 限制某人做某事
(2)restrictive adj. 限制性的；约束的
restricted adj. 受限制的；有限的
restriction n. 限制规定(法规)；约束
3．harmonious adj.和谐的
[题点全练](单句语法填空/句型转换)
①Their harmonious (harmony) relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.
②Only in this way can we protect our environment and be in harmony with nature.
③With friendship, life is happy and harmonious; without friendship, life is out of harmony with surroundings.
④To build a harmonious world, the developed countries should be in harmony with others.
→To build a harmonious world, the developed countries shouldn't be_out_of_harmony_with others.
[系统归纳]
harmony n．　　　　　　 融洽；协调
in harmony with 与……融洽相处；与……协调一致
out of harmony with 与……不协调/不一致

4．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的
[题点全练](单句语法填空/句式升级)
①The secret of the dog is his sensitive (sense) nose, just as a wolf's sense of hearing is keen.
②To better accept guests sensitive to the cold, the park has an area that provides warm water for activities.
③People nowadays are sensitive about this kind of fund-raising.
④Mary cares a lot about what people think of her, so you'd better not say much before her.
→Mary_is_sensitive_about_what_people_think_of_her,_so you'd better not say much before her.
[系统归纳]
be sensitive to　　　　 对……敏感
be sensitive about 介意/在乎……
5．have an impact on 对……有影响
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①How will the war have an impact on the lifestyle of ordinary people?
②To tell the truth, smoking has a bad impact on one's health.
③Your focus should be elsewhere, like improving yourself, reaching your goals and impacting_on the world.
你的关注点应该放在其他地方，比如提高自己、实现目标和影响世界。
[系统归纳]
impact on 影响；对……冲击；碰撞

6．die out 灭绝；逐渐消亡
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①You mentioned that you would like to teach English in return, which is exactly what I am dying for.
②She is dying to_know (know) where you've been, which is enough to show her concern for you.
③Laws should be passed to protect pandas.Otherwise, they are certain to die_out.
应该通过法律保护熊猫。否则，他们一定会灭绝的。
④Although the wind has died_down,_the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.虽然风减弱了，雨却下个不停，所以你仍然需要一件雨衣。
[系统归纳]
(1)die away　　　　　　 (声音、光线等)逐渐消失
die of/from 死于……
die down 减弱；逐渐平息
die off 相继死去
(2)be dying for 渴望
be dying to do sth. 极想做某事


1．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
[题点全练](单句语法填空/词汇升级)
①The child darted out of the road and the policeman seized him by the arm just in time.
②They seized on the results as proof that global warming wasn't really happening.
③He seized the paper from her and was shocked by the headlines.
④We are anxious to get a better education so that we can take the chance to have a brighter future. seize_the_chance/opportunity
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
seize sb.by the arm/collar抓住某人的胳膊/衣领
seize the chance/opportunity　　抓住机会
seize on/upon抓住；对……大为关注
seize sth.from sb. 从某人那里夺过某物
易错提醒
在“seize sb.by the＋身体部位”结构中，the不能省略。
　　　　　
　[练重难点](完成句子)
⑤Before the thief could run away, a policeman seized_him_by_the_arm.
在小偷逃跑之前，一名警察抓住了他的胳膊。
2．tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①The boy couldn't tolerate other people's making (make) noise in the room, so he went out.
②The one thing I learned is tolerance (tolerate) and appreciation of all people.
③Luckily, my parents were tolerant (tolerate) of my choice of books.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)tolerate (doing) sth.　容忍(做)某事
can't tolerate (doing) sth.无法忍受(做)某事
(2)tolerance n. 容忍；宽容
tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的
联想拓展
表示“容忍”的表达还有：stand （sb.）doing sth.,bear （sb.）doing/to do sth.均意为“忍受/容忍（某人）做某事”；put up with 意为“忍受,容忍”
　　　　　　
[练重难点](一句多译)
我不能容忍在公共场合被嘲笑。
④I can't tolerate_being_laughed_at in public.(tolerate)
⑤I can't stand_being_laughed_at in public.(stand)
⑥I can't bear_being_laughed_at in public.(bear)
⑦I can't put_up_with_being_laughed_at in public.(put up with)
3．on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](完成句子)
①On_behalf_of_my_whole_family,_I'd like to extend my sincere gratitude for your help.
我谨代表我全家对你们的帮助表示真诚的感谢。
②She made an emotional public appeal on_her_son's_behalf.
她代表她儿子作了感动人心的公开呼吁。
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
on behalf of sb.＝on one's behalf以某人的名义；为了某人；代表某人
辨析比较
(1)on behalf of为介词短语，只能用作状语，表示“代表/代替某人”。
(2)stand for往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表或象征”， 不用于进行时态和被动语态。
(3)represent为动词，表示“代表(某人、团体、政府等)”。

[练重难点]
选词填空(on behalf of/stand for/represent)
③Now, on_behalf_of my schoolmates, I wish you a safe return.
④Tomorrow morning the secretary will represent the president at the meeting to deliver a speech.
⑤What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand_for?





1．There is little doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”
[用法规则]
(1)doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中用whether(不可用if)引导同位语从句；在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。
(2)动词doubt在肯定句中，后多跟if/whether引导的宾语从句；在否定/疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。
[应用体验]
用恰当的连接词补全语境/完成句子
①I don't doubt that my father will come to watch my performance, but I doubt whether/if he can come on time.
②There is some doubt whether he will be elected president.But we have no doubt that he will succeed in the election.
③I_doubt_whether/if he will continue to work here.
我怀疑他是否会继续在这里工作。
④I_don't_doubt_that he will win the competition.
我确信他会赢得这场比赛。
⑤There_is_no_doubt_that education is a problem we should pay more attention to.
毫无疑问，教育是一个我们应该更加关注的问题。
2．现在分词短语作后置定语
[用法规则]
(1)现在分词短语作定语，可表示主动和动作正在进行，其被动形式(being done)通常表示被动的、正在进行的动作。
(2)现在分词短语作定语可转化为定语从句。
[应用体验](完成句子/句型转换)
①There is always a group of people providing_strong_technical_support for each of the country's huge projects.
总会有一群人为国家的每一个大型项目提供强有力的技术支持。
②When we got a call saying_she_was_short-listed,_we thought it was a joke.
当我们接到电话说她入围时，我们以为是个玩笑。
③The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging_from_butterflies_to_elephants.
国家公园有许多野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象不等。
④There were a lot of boys in the field playing football.
→There were a lot of boys in the field who_were_playing_football.
⑤ The girl who stands under the tree is really charming.
→The girl standing_under_the_tree is really charming.



社会发展需要优质的环境，但社会发展的特定阶段也会造成环境破坏。如何在推动社会发展的同时更加有效地保护环境是一个全球性问题。随着人们环保意识的提高，绿色出行、植树治沙等环保行动日益深入人心。有关环保和可持续性发展的文章也成为高考写作常涉及的主题。如：2016年全国卷Ⅱ书面表达，邀请朋友提供主题为环境保护的作品参加国际中学生摄影展。


(节选自北师大版教材选择性必修第一册UNIT 3)
We know that cars are bad for us.But we all make excuses：“The buses are terrible”； “The trains are always late”； “I haven't got time to walk”．(用连续的直接引语，列举了人们常找的借口) I'm talking about myself, too.To be frank, I'm addicted to my car.When I asked a friend working for a green-living organisation for advice about how to give up, she told me five things：(引入五条建议，同时也使得段落过渡自然)
● Use your legs.In 2014, over 55% of car journeys were under eight kilometres.Instead of taking short car journeys, we could easily walk or cycle.Leg power can save your money, keep you fit and help you live longer.Regular exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%！(列举了走路的好处，数据的运用有效增强了说服力)
● Use public transport.
● Think before you go.
● Share cars.
● Take action! We often think there is nothing we can do about the noise, pollution and danger of traffic.There is.If your street is full of heavy traffic, talk to your neighbours about it.Write to the papers.Go to the city government.Ask for a speed limit.❶Do whichever of these things that suit you.Don't just sit around and complain！(列举了个人可以做的事情，有现实指导意义)
❷All quite simple, isn't it？Five easy ways to improve our environment.❸Well, I'm sorry I have to finish this article, but I've got to pick up my daughter from school at 4 pm.Then I've got to drive to the supermarket to do the shopping.After that, I have to take my son to a party.❹The traffic is going to be horrible, but what can I do？(作者描述了自己的自相矛盾的做法，实则映衬很多人口是心非的可笑行为，引人深思)
由教材学写法
1．学亮点词汇
第一段中的make excuses形象地描写了那些抱怨汽车的危害却又找各种借口开车的人的行为；addicted一词精准地刻画了作者对汽车的过度依赖。第二段中的cut强有力地说明了经常锻炼能降低患心脏病的风险。
2．学高级句式
句❶是一个复合句，主句为祈使句，代词whichever在句中起到了强调作用，关系代词that引导的定语从句进一步解释说明了其具体内容。
句❸是一个并列句，but连接两个并列分句，第一分句 I'm sorry后省略了连词that。该句式常用于委婉地提出一个使对方不快的事实，在本文中它用来表示遗憾。
3．学修辞手法
句❷是一个表达口语化的反意疑问句，陈述部分省略了be动词。反意疑问句的运用，使得表达的语气强烈、肯定，能给读者以深刻印象。
句❹but后的分句为反问句，结合前一分句的内容，在表达的效果上既展现了幽默讽刺，又能发人深省。
4．学写作手法
本文选自一篇关于如何放弃驾车来保护环境的说明文。文章讲述了绿色和平组织的詹妮·特洛维就如何放弃驾车以改善环境给出的五条建议。作者在行文过程中运用了感叹句、疑问句、祈使句等多样化的句式，句子总体简短有力，语言表达灵活多变，生活气息浓郁。作者最后以自嘲的语气描述了自己矛盾的做法，并以反问句结束文章，引人发笑又能激发读者思考。


Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式
1．in the meantime　　　　 在此期间；与此同时
2．human activities 人类活动
3．go green 生产或使用绿色产品
4．account for 占……比例
5．joint efforts 共同努力
6．be responsible for 对……负责
7．lead low-carbon travel 引领低碳出行
8．so long as 只要
9．be involved in 参与
10．a private car 私家车
11．pick up rubbish 捡拾垃圾
12．make sense 有意义；讲得通
13．a big success 一个巨大的成功
14．have an effect on 对……有影响/产生效果
15．change one's life 改变某人的生活
Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底
1．We cycled from the very beginning to the end of the camp, saying no to any non-environmentally friendly transportation.
夏令营期间我们自始至终骑车出行，拒绝任何不环保的交通方式。
2．It is through the activity that we learn better the importance of protecting the environment.
通过该活动，我们更好地意识到保护环境的重要性。
3．Starting in May, the activities are aimed at reducing air pollution in our city and raising people's environmental awareness.
从五月份开始的活动旨在减少我们市的空气污染并提高人们的环境意识。
4．Now more and more people become aware that the present environment has much to do with what we have done to the earth.
现在，越来越多的人意识到，目前的环境与我们对地球的所作所为有很大关系。
5．I think it is a good idea to set up a club like that! You can first give speeches about protecting the environment at school.
我认为建立这样一个俱乐部是个好主意！你可以先在学校做关于保护环境的演讲。


一、作文提升练习
下面是一篇学生习作，主题是倡议“绿色生活”。请根据上面所学，对习作进行润色、升级。
Green Life Starts From Me
As we all know，the earth is our common home.________， she is being polluted at a rapid speed due to human activities.❶It is high time that we should go green, and thus we can protect our environment.
Firstly, we should further raise the awareness of the importance of going green.Secondly, it makes sense to use buses and subways or ride bicycles as much as possible.Furthermore, it is a good idea to classify rubbish and recycle it in our daily life ...
❷A small act makes a great difference. Let's act for now and enjoy a green life!
(一)将文中加蓝词汇升级
1．rapid→horrible
2．buses and subways→public_transport
(二)根据提示将文中句子升级
1．用非谓语动词作目的状语升级句❶
_In_order_to_protect_our_environment,_it_is_high_time_that_we_should_go_green.
2．用反意疑问句升级句❷
A_small_act_makes_a_great_difference,_doesn't_it?
(三)在文中设空处加上衔接词
However
二、续写语段思维活
结合主题，根据下面给出的开头语和情节脉络续写一个80词左右的片段。
情节脉络：受到一位穿着黄色马甲捡拾垃圾的女士(Vest Lady)的影响，“我”也开始捡垃圾——但是“我”很快意识到一个人的力量是不够的，于是创建网站来号召更多的志愿者加入清除垃圾的行动中来……
More and more people put on vests with their own names.　
　
　

参考范文：
More and more people put on vests with their own names.Volunteers could be seen picking up rubbish in their spare time.The yellow vests made beautiful scenery in the park or on the street.With our joint efforts, the environment became better and better.What delighted me most was that people's awareness of environmental protection was improved.The rubbish removal campaign was a big success.Thanks to Vest Lady who rooted the sense of environmental protection in my mind, more people became “Vest Lady”．




课时作业(一)　语篇阅读训练——保准度
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Efforts to preserve the Amazon rainforest are growing ever more urgent as the ecosystem's destruction accelerates. A recent study shows that a new program combining on­the­ground monitoring with satellite data and smartphone technology could help put the brakes on Amazon deforestation (毁林) — and potentially that of forests elsewhere.
The scientists cooperated with 76 local communities, 36 of which participated in using satellite­based “early deforestation alerts”， an early­alert system on a smartphone app, to watch over the forest and to inspect forests and document damage. Over the next two years the participants were paid to work as forest monitors and received monthly alerts via the app when satellite data indicated local forest losses. Monitors investigated alerts and inspected for deforestation in the areas. They reported confirmed losses back to their communities, which decided whether to deal with the affairs on their own or inform state authorities.
The researchers analyzed the same forest­loss satellite data from the given time period in all 76 communities. They found the program reduced forest loss by 8.4 hectares (公顷) in the first year — a 52 percent reduction compared with the average loss in the control communities, says Tara Slough, an economist at New York University. “This reduction in deforestation was concentrated in communities facing the largest threat of forest loss，” she adds.
Results for the program were less striking in its second year, when forest loss was reduced by only 3.3 hectares compared with that in control communities. The researchers explain that a Peruvian government campaign against coca planting that year may have discouraged deforestation in both experimental and control communities, narrowing differences between the two groups in the program.
Experts say this approach to dealing with Amazonian deforestation looks promising. Local groups may continue the work they started in the program. “We want to apply this in other communities. In doing so, we are making a contribution to the world，” wrote Francisco, a community member involved in the research.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新的项目，通过智能手机应用程序上的早期警报系统，监视森林、检查森林并记录破坏情况，用这种方法减缓对亚马逊雨林的破坏。
1．What can we learn about the new program?
A．It applies to all the forests.
B．It adopts multiple technologies.
C．It involves no human participation.
D．It solves the problem beforehand.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent study shows ...of forests elsewhere.”可知，这个新项目将地面监测与卫星数据和智能手机技术相结合，采用了多种技术。故选B项。
2．How did the researchers conduct the study?
A．By analyzing the data.
B．By surveying the monitors.
C．By observing the area.
D．By investigating the damage.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers analyzed ... at New York University.”可知，研究人员是通过分析卫星数据进行这项研究的，该项目在第一年将森林损失减少了8.4公顷。故选A项。
3．What do the researchers think of the effect of the program?
A．Stable.　　　　 B．Positive.
C．Unconvincing. D．Discouraging.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段 “The researchers analyzed ...at New York University.”和最后一段“Experts say this approach ... started in the program.”可知，研究人员分析了卫星数据，数据显示，这个项目在第一年将森林损失减少了8.4公顷，与被控制社区的平均损失相比减少了52%，并且专家也认为这种处理亚马逊森林砍伐的方法看起来很有希望，由此可知，研究人员认为该项目的效果是积极乐观的。故选B项。
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Amazon Protecting the Rainforest
B．Experts Testing Early­alert System
C．Communities Dealing With Deforestation
D．Smartphone Watching Over the Forest
解析：选D　标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第二段“The scientists cooperated with 76 ... document damage.”可知，本文主要介绍了一个新的项目，将地面监测与卫星数据和智能手机技术相结合，通过智能手机应用程序上的早期警报系统，监视森林、检查森林并记录破坏情况，用这种方法减缓对亚马逊雨林的破坏。故选D项。
B
The Antarctic's snow­white environment is going green and facing other unexpected threats.
Scientists say that as temperatures go up in the polar areas, invading (侵袭) plants and insects, including the flies, cause a major threat.
More and more of these invaders, in the form of larvae (幼虫) or seeds，are surviving in coastal areas around the South Pole, where the temperature has risen by almost 3℃ over the past five decades.Glaciers have melted, exposing more land which has been occupied by mosses that have been found to be growing more quickly and thickly than ever before — providing potential green homes for invaders.
“The common houseflies are a perfect example of the problem the Antarctic now faces from invading species，” said Dominic Hodgson of the British Antarctic Survey.“They arrive by ship, where they exist in kitchens.They now have an increasing chance of surviving in the Antarctic as it warms up, and that is a worry.Insects like the houseflies carry bacteria that could have a deadly effect on native life forms.”
The Antarctic has several native species of insects.Together with its native mosses, these are now under increased threat from three major sources: visiting scientists, increasing number of tourists and global warming.However, it is global warming that is the main driver of the “greening” of the Antarctic.
In the 2015－2016 travel season, more than 38,000 tourists visited the Antarctic.“These tourists are often very careful about not leaving waste.But they could carry seeds or larvae on their boots when they set foot on the Antarctic，” said Dominic.
More and more invading insects and plants have been found on the Antarctic and have required removal.“The insects and plants that are native to the Antarctic have survived there for thousands of years，” said Dominic.“We have to act now if we want to save the environment.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是由于全球气温上升等原因，各种各样的威胁正置南极地区于危险之中。
5．What does the underlined word “mosses” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Houseflies. B．Coastal areas.
C．A kind of plants. D．A kind of animals.
解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句，特别是其后的定语从句“that have been found ...for invaders”可知，画线词指的是一种植物。
6．What do we know about the houseflies in the Antarctic?
A．They are native to the Antarctic.
B．They will die out because of the freezing weather.
C．They come to the Antarctic from nearby islands on their own.
D．They could severely influence the native species of the Antarctic.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，南极地区的家蝇所携带的细菌会严重影响当地的物种。
7．What is the main cause of the Antarctic going green?
A．The arrival of scientists.
B．The increasing number of visitors.
C．The rapid spread of native plants.
D．The rising temperature around the world.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，南极地区变绿的主要原因是全球气候变暖。
8．What's the best title for the text?
A．The Antarctic Is Becoming Green and Energetic
B．Various Threats Are Putting the Antarctic at Risk
C．More and More Scientists Get to Explore the Antarctic
D．Global Warming Causes the Temperature in the Antarctic to Go Up
解析：选B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述的是各种各样的威胁正置南极地区于危险之中。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Keeping curious kids from disrupting wildlife
Interacting with the wild, naturally curious kids tend to collect seashells at the beach or keep small wildlife as pets.__9__ So how to help kids protect the wild while enjoying spending time outside? Here are alternatives for some of the most common outdoor behaviour no­nos.
Take an interest, not things.Kids show interest in picking flowers, rocks, or shells outdoors.They're part of wildlife's habitat and play an important role.__10__ Let kids explore with a magnifying glass (放大镜) instead of their curious fingers.Let whatever they find outside stay outside.
__11__ It seems a fun idea to throw pieces of bread to ducks.Animals have unique dietary needs that are different from humans'.Eating human food can make them sick or become dependent on human food.Bears are an example of animals that often have to be killed after developing a taste for human food.
Admire animal afar, not disrupt nearby.The urge to take a photo with a squirrel, bird, or slow­moving turtle can be strong for kids.__12__ Instead, remind kids to stay away and show them how to use a camera's zoom button, or just admire with their eyes.
Take well­worn paths, not off­road romps (嬉戏)．Kicking piles of leaves, stepping on bushes, and walking through forested areas can unintentionally scare wildlife.If surprised animals defend their homes, everyone could get hurt.Nobody likes having a guest come in and destroy their home and act rudely.__13__
A．Keep snacks away from animals.
B．Share food if animals are hungry.
C．Exposure to them develops kids' love and curiosity.
D．The same rule applies to visiting wildlife in their homes.
E．Animals rely on plants for hiding; rocks and shells, for homes.
F．Approaching animals disrupts what they do for survival, such as eating.
G．Despite innocent purposes, kids' curiosity accidentally damages the wild.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了怎样帮助孩子们在享受户外时光的同时保护自然环境。
9．选G　空前一句“与野生动物互动，生性好奇的孩子倾向于在海滩收集贝壳或养小型野生动物作为宠物。”说明孩子们喜欢与野生动物互动，选项G承接上文。选项中curiosity 和上文中的curious 一致。
10．选E　根据空前两句“孩子们对在户外采摘花朵、捡岩石或贝壳表现出兴趣。它们是野生动物栖息地的一部分，起着重要的作用。”可知，选项E承接上文，具体说明这些东西的作用。
11．选A　下文提到动物有着与人类不同的独特的饮食需求。吃人类的食物会使他们生病或变得依赖人类的食物。这说明向动物投送零食是不正确的行为，选项A概括本段主题，文意通顺，符合逻辑。
12．选F　本段首句“远远地观看动物，不要靠近打扰。”说明本段主题是不要靠近动物，选项F符合本段主题。
13．选D　空前一句“没有人喜欢有客人闯进来，破坏他们的家园，行为粗鲁。”选项D说明同样的规则也适用于野生动物。上下文语义通顺，逻辑合理。
Ⅲ.完形填空
She looked up at me sadly, her pain being unbearably obvious.I __14__ her as she swam silently around the small pool.The top left corner of her yellow shell was __15__， and her flippers (鳍状肢) were filled with cuts and scars.
These __16__ creatures looked as though they were war heroes wounded in battle, but they were just a group of innocent sea turtles injured by __17__ humans.
Earlier that day, our students learned those endangered sea turtles were being __18__ all the time __19__ water pollution, litter, and careless boaters and fishermen.We were taught how to __20__ the deaths and injuries of this species and conserve our ocean life and environment.
I had been conscious of the damage our environment was suffering __21__ I had never truly been given the opportunity to __22__ the devastating(毁灭性的) effects of environmental destruction until I observed that __23__.Seeing a picture of these animals cannot truly sense the __24__ on their faces.Now that I have witnessed the __25__ caused by the pollution and people's carelessness, I try to encourage my friends to __26__ their eating habit, which can __27__ our environment.We need to start saving our environment now __28__ it's too late.

14．A.recognized B．introduced
C．watched D．satisfied
解析：选C　根据语境，“我”看着她，她静静地在小池塘里游着。watch意为“观察；观看”，符合题意。
15．A.strange B．missing
C．shining D．complex
解析：选B　根据下文可知，这是只受伤的海龟。此处应该是指左上部的黄色外壳不见(missing)了。
16．A.troublesome B．rare
C．ugly D．unfortunate
解析：选D　根据上文语境可知，这些受伤的生物是不幸的(unfortunate)。
17．A.skilful B．stubborn
C．intelligent D．careless
解析：选D　根据第三段中的“careless boaters and fishermen”可知，这是一群无辜的海龟，被粗心的(careless)人类伤害。
18．A.studied B．discovered
C．killed D．displayed
解析：选C　这些濒临灭绝的海龟因为(because of)水污染、乱丢垃圾、粗心大意的渔船和渔民而被杀(killed)。
19．A.because of B．in case of
C．in spite of D．apart from
解析：选A　参见上题解析。
20．A.report B．lessen
C．escape D．prove
解析：选B　根据常识，我们被教育如何减少这个物种的死亡和伤害，lessen为动词，意为“减少”。
21．A.so B．but C．or D．and
解析：选B　“我”已意识到我们的环境不断遭受伤害，但(but)“我”从来没有真正有机会看到(see)环境破坏后的毁灭性影响，直到看到那只海龟(turtle)。
22．A.see B．predict
C．prevent D．experience
解析：选A　参见上题解析。
23．A.boater B．fisherman
C．visitor D．turtle
解析：选D　参见第21题解析。第二段的“sea turtles”亦是提示。
24．A.pain B．dirt
C．mask D．sign
解析：选A　看这些动物的照片不能真正地感受它们遭受的痛苦(pain)。
25．A.worry B．harm
C．anger D．shame
解析：选B　既然“我”已经目睹了由污染和人们的疏忽造成的伤害(harm)。
26．A.mention B．form
C．change D．check
解析：选C　“我”试图鼓励“我”的朋友改变(change)他们的饮食习惯。
27．A.describe B．witness
C．investigate D．benefit
解析：选D　这样做使环境受益。benefit意为“对……有好处”，符合题意。
28．A.unless B．before
C．while D．though
解析：选B　在为时未晚之前(before)，我们现在需要开始拯救我们的环境。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Ecotourism is the opposite of mass tourism.People travel to remote areas and visit faraway places without destroying the environment.Ecotourism is intended __1__ small groups of tourists who want to learn more about nature in a certain area and help people who live there.Eco­tourists travel to places __2__ plants and animals are the main attractions.They want to know more about how people live side by side in __3__ natural habitat.
Ecotourism makes people recognize how beautiful the land and the countryside are.Local tour guides show __4__ (visit) how important our environment is.They know how the region has developed over time.Tourists stay in small local houses，as opposed to big hotels in mass tourism regions.
Ecotourism started out in the 1980s as an alternative to mass tourism.Today it is one of the __5__ (fast) growing sectors of the tourism industry because more and more people are __6__ (gradual) realizing the importance of the environment.As a result，some countries are using ecotourism __7__ (gain) profits.In some areas，it __8__ (operate)by foreign investors who are only interested in __9__ (they) own profits.However, __10__ (bring) too many people to the remote place could damage local culture.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章对生态旅游的定义、好处、起源和发展状况进行了介绍。
1．for　考查固定搭配。be intended for意为“为……而设计的”，为固定搭配。
2．where　考查定语从句。 空处指代先行词places并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
3．a　考查不定冠词。此处第一次提及“natural habitat”，所以是泛指，且natural 的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
4．visitors　考查名词复数。此处应用名词visitor作动词show的宾语，游客有很多，所以应用复数形式。
5．fastest　考查最高级。在one of后的可数名词复数常用最高级修饰，表示“最……的……之一”。
6．gradually　考查副词。修饰动词realizing应用副词。
7．to gain　考查非谓语动词。利用生态旅游是为了获取利润，此处应用不定式作目的状语。
8．is operated　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据“who are only interested in”可知，此处应用一般现在时。动词operate和主语it构成被动关系，且主语it为第三人称单数。
9．their　考查形容词性物主代词。修饰名词profits应用形容词性物主代词。
10．bringing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用动名词作主语。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，请你给校英语报写一封倡议信，号召全校同学积极响应学校正在开展的垃圾分类活动，内容包括：
1．垃圾分类的意义；
2．你的建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：垃圾分类 waste classification
Dear fellow students,
　
　
　
Yours,
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear fellow students,
As you may have noticed, the program of waste classification in our school has kicked off.I am writing to call on you, members of the school, to take immediate action.
Every day, we produce plenty of waste, ranging from plastic bottles to paper, which not only leads to environmental pollution, but is also a waste of resources.Therefore, it is urgent for us to take an active part in the waste classification program.First, we can collect what can be recycled to save resources.Second, harmful materials should be sorted and treated properly to avoid pollution.Most importantly, we need to develop the habit of classifying waste.
Let's do it!
Yours,
Li Hua