2024版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习课时作业21Unit12Innovation北师大版选择性必修第四册

这是一份2024版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习课时作业21Unit12Innovation北师大版选择性必修第四册，共6页。
There's nthing wrng with a tmat that isn't perfectly runded r a peach with an extra dimple(凹)r tw; they still carry the same benefits and flavrs as the versins we're used t seeing in grcery stres. Farmers thrw away these imperfect items, as many grcery chains wn't buy them fr fear that they are unsellable. Hwever, a grwing grup f grcery chains are fighting t make these discarded fruits and vegetables part f cnsumers' buying habits.
One such business is Imperfect Prduce, a start­up that delivers fresh ugly prduce t cnsumers. Thrugh this service, yu can get up t 20 punds f fruit and veggies fr arund $20 a week. This is abut a 30 percent discunt cmpared t what's currently sld in stres. Recently, the cmpany had a majr breakthrugh when Whle Fds accepted their partnership and agreed t sell the misshapen prduce.
While this mvement might be a new trend here in the US, it's already gained serius mmentum(势头)in Eurpe. In 2014, the E. U． annunced the Year Against Fd Waste, with French grcery chain Intermarché launching a very successful campaign called Inglrius Fruits and Vegetables and England's Waitrse selling “weather blemished” apples. In Prtugal, a similar cmpany t Imperfect Prduce called Fruta Feia has als taken ff.
Buying these unfrtunate­lking fds shuld be appealing t cnsumers nt nly because f the affrdability, but als because f the supprt it gives t farmers and the direct impact it has n decreasing fd waste and the envirnmental pllutin. It is believed that when the discarded fruits and vegetables decmpse, they release methane(甲烷), a greenhuse gas that, when released int the atmsphere, is abut 86 times as pwerful as carbn dixide ver a 20­year perid. Waste is, in fact, the ugliest thing f all.
1．What des the underlined wrd “discarded” in paragraph ne mean?
A．Deserted. B．Harvested.
C．Cnsumed. D．Purchased.
2．What is the purpse f Imperfect Prduce?
A．Make better prfits.
B．Sell imperfect prduce.
C．Get discunts frm farmers.
D．Cmpete with Whle Fds.
3．What can we learn abut Eurpe cmpared with the US?
A．It has mre successfully­run fd chains.
B.It prduces less misshaped fruits and vegetables.
C．It addresses the prblem f misshaped prduce earlier.
D.It faces a mre serius prblem f unfavrable weather.
4．Accrding t the last paragraph, why is wasted fd harmful t the envirnment?
A．It pllutes the farms.
B．It gives ut a bad smell.
C．It cntributes t glbal warming.
D．It prduces lts f carbn dixide.
B
[2023·济南市高三上学期期中]
A tree­planting initiative in Kenya has seen ver 30，000 trees being planted. The Green Generatin Initiative is a Kenyan charity that has been planting trees t cunter climate change and the reductin in frest in the East African natin since 2016.
Funded by climate activist Elizabeth Wathuti when she was fifteen years ld, the initiative's primary fcus is n develping yung climate activists thrugh envirnmental educatin in schls and addressing fd insecurity in the regin thrugh planting fruit trees. Since its fundatin, ver 30，000 trees have been planted in Kenya, while thusands f schl children have nt just planted trees but adpted them t ensure that yung peple learn the imprtance f acting as a guardian ver the health f the envirnment. The trees have recrded a survival rate f ver 98 percent, as they remain tended t frm yung trees t maturity.
Speaking t wrld leaders at the recent United Natins Climate Cnference in Glasgw (COP26), Elizabeth issued a serius warning n the threat f climate change. Over tw millin f Kenyans are facing climate related starvatin. In 2025, half f the wrld's ppulatin will be facing water shrtage. The climate crisis will displace 80 millin peple in sub­Saharan Africa alne.
Elizabeth said, “I have been ding what I can. Inspired by the great Wangari Maathai, I funded a tree grwing initiative that enhances fd security fr yung Kenyans.” S far, they have grwn 30，000 fruit trees t maturity, prviding desperately needed nutritin fr thusands f children. “Every day we see that when we lk after the trees, they lk after us. We are the adults n this Earth right nw, and it is ur respnsibility t ensure that the children have fd and water，” she added.
5．What is the initiative intended fr?
A．Making plicies.
B．Raising mney.
C．Educating adults.
D．Fighting climate change.
6．What crisis are Kenyans encuntering at present?
A.Hunger. B．Sickness
C．Water shrtage. D．Ecnmic risks.
7．What has been achieved since 2016?
A．3，000 trees have been planted.
B．Green awareness has been raised.
C．80 millin peple have been saved.
D．Schl educatin has been guaranteed.
8．Which f the fllwing can best describe Elizabeth Wathuti?
A．Friendly and talented.
B．Caring and respnsible.
C．Hnest and determined.
D．Ambitius and humrus.
[答题区]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
[2023·日照市高三校际期中联考]
“Mst peple dn't knw anything abut sil，” says Dminique Arruays, a sil scientist in France. “In the city, they never see the sil, unless there's cnstructin. It's all pavement. They dn't realize that everything depends n sils.”
Sils grw the fd that prvides an estimated 98.8 percent f ur daily calries, accrding t a paper in Envirnment Internatinal, and huse mre than 25 percent f the wrld's bidiversity. __1__
Healthy sil is marked by its prus (多孔) structure, prduced by rt grwth as well as the activities f earthwrms and insects. __2__ Healthy sils nt nly make farms mre climate­resilient (气候适应力), but they can als help keep csts fr farmers and taxpayers dwn.
Accrding t a United Natins reprt, a third f the planet's sil is highly degraded due t acidificatin, ersin (腐蚀), and ther factrs. Sils cannt be regenerated quickly. __3__ And yet many peple dismiss it as nthing mre than dirt.
__4__ Ersin ccurs when sil is displaced by wind r water—washed ff farms and stred in ditches and streams, r blwn acrss the landscape as dust. Healthy sil resists ersin well, especially if it is prtected by plants abve grund and rts belw grund. __5__ The results can be disastrus. Even small changes year after year can gradually cause big prblems.
Sil is the skin f the earth. We need t prtect it. It's in everybdy's interest t supprt farmers in rebuilding sil health and preventing ersin.
A．But sils are in great truble at present.
B.Sil ersin is a particularly serius prblem wrldwide.
C．This structure allws rainfall t sink in healthy sil deeply.
D．Sils als stre massive amunts f bth fresh water and carbn.
E．It may take up t 1，000 years t prduce a cuple centimeters f sil.
F．But when sil is left bare, wind and water can mre easily displace it.
G．Sil is a living cmmunity t create a rich envirnment fr fd prductin.
[答题区]
1．________ 2.________ 3.________
4．________ 5.________
Ⅲ.语法填空
[2023·长沙新高考适应性考试]
There 1.________ (be) cuntless things that can influence yur sleep.Hwever，there's ne surprising factr that culd be affecting yur sleep：the paint clr in yur bedrm.Accrding 2.________ a new survey, painting yur bedrm with a clr that's t bright r even t dark influences yur sleep.
Different clrs can set different 3.________ (md) in yur space, sme f 4.________ may nt be favrable t sleep.If yu want yur bedrm t be mre peaceful，yu'd 5.________ (gd) explre neutrals (中和色)，light greens，and glds.As is described in the survey，dramatic clrs like “bright reds, deep brwns, and even live greens” are less likely 6.________ (leave) yu feeling bright­eyed in the mrning.Besides, a rm t dark may nt keep yu up at night, 7.________ it can damage yur energy upn 8.________ (wake).On the ther hand, a bright clr shuld be avided in the bedrm because it has the ptential t interrupt sleep and prmte activity rather than relaxatin.
Anyway, that desn't mean that dramatic clrs have t be ff the table 9.________ (entire).But remember：when yu decrate yur rms，chsing the right clr is 10.________ must.
[答题区]
1．________ 2.________ 3.________
4．________ 5.________ 6.________
7．________ 8.________ 9.________
10．________
课时作业(二十一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了商业销售企业为让长相丑陋的蔬菜和水果进入销售渠道所做的努力，以及这样做的意义。
1．答案与解析：A 词句猜测题。根据上文“Farmers thrw away these imperfect items, as many grcery chains wn't buy them fr fear that they are unsellable.”可知，上文提到农民将长相丑陋的水果扔掉，因为商店不买。由此推测画线词所在句子为“越来越多的连锁店正努力使这些被丢弃的水果和蔬菜进入人们的购买习惯”。故画线词意思是“扔掉”。
2．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“One such business is Imperfect Prduce, a start­up that delivers fresh ugly prduce t cnsumers.”可推知，不完美产品的目的是出售不完美的产品。
3．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段“While this mvement might be a new trend here in the similar cmpany t Imperfect Prduce called Fruta Feia has als taken ff.”可知，与美国相比，欧洲解决畸形农产品的问题更早。
4．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“It is believed that when the discarded fruits and vegetables decmpse they release methane (甲烷), a greenhuse gas that, when released int the atmsphere, is abut 86 times as pwerful as carbn dixide ver a 20­year perid.”可知，浪费的食物对环境的危害是导致全球变暖。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。为了应对气候变化和森林减少以及由气候变化带来的饥饿问题，Elizabeth Wathuti创立的慈善机构the Green Generatin Initiative已在肯尼亚种了3万多棵果树。
5．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句话“The Green Generatin Initiative is a Kenyan charity that has been planting trees t cunter climate change and the reductin in frest in the East African natin since 2016.”可知，这一倡议的目的是应对气候变化。
6．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句话“Over tw millin f Kenyans are facing climate related starvatin. ”可知，肯尼亚目前面临的危机是饥饿问题。
7．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句话“The Green Generatin Initiative is a Kenyan charity that has been planting trees t cunter climate change and the reductin in frest in the East African natin since 2016.”可知，这一慈善机构是2016年成立的；再由第二段的前两句话可知，该慈善机构自成立以来，不仅种植了3万棵果树，还提高了年轻人的环保意识。故选B项。
8．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据Elizabeth Wathuti创立慈善机构的目的，特别是第三段的第一句话“Speaking t wrld leaders at the recent United Natins Climate Cnference in Glasgw (COP26), Elizabeth issued a serius warning n the threat f climate change.”和第四段的第一句话“Elizabeth said, ‘I have been ding what I can. Inspired by the great Wangari Maathai, I funded a tree grwing initiative that enhances fd security fr yung Kenyans.’”可以推论出， Elizabeth Wathuti是一位富有爱心和责任心的人。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了土壤的重要性和土壤侵蚀问题，呼吁我们保护土壤。
1．答案与解析：D 根据上文“Sils grw the fd that prvides an estimated 98.8 percent f ur daily calries, accrding t a paper in Envirnment Internatinal, and huse mre than 25 percent f the wrld's bidiversity.”可知，上文介绍了土壤的重要性，D项能够承接上文，介绍的也是土壤的重要性，土壤储存大量的淡水和碳。
2．答案与解析：C 根据上文“Healthy sil is marked by its prus (多孔) structure, prduced by rt grwth as well as the activities f earthwrms and insects.”可知，上文介绍了土壤的多孔结构，C项能够承接上文，介绍了土壤的多孔结构的作用。
3．答案与解析：E 根据上文“Sils cannt be regenerated quickly.”可知，上文介绍了土壤不能快速再生，E项能够承接上文，介绍了土壤再生需要很长时间，产生几厘米的土壤可能需要1000年的时间。
4．答案与解析：B 根据下文“Ersin ccurs when sil is displaced by wind r water—washed ff farms and stred in ditches and streams, r blwn acrss the landscape as dust.”可知，下文介绍了土壤侵蚀现象，B项能够引起下文，下文具体介绍了什么是土壤侵蚀。
5．答案与解析：F 根据上文“Healthy sil resists ersin well, especially if it is prtected by plants abve grund and rts belw­grund.”可知，如果土壤受到地上植物和地下根的保护，可以很好地抵抗侵蚀，F项与上文构成转折关系，受到地上植物和地下根保护的土壤可以很好地抵抗侵蚀，但当土壤裸露时，风和水更容易将其移走。
Ⅲ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的调查表明，卧室颜色太亮或太暗都会影响睡眠。
1．答案与解析：are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句为there be句型，be的数由后面的名词的数决定，此处需用复数，且文章的主体时态为一般现在时。
2．答案与解析：t 考查介词。accrding t为固定短语，意为“根据”。
3．答案与解析：mds 考查名词的单复数。md作“心情，心境”讲时，为可数名词，根据空前的形容词different可知，空处需用名词复数。
4．答案与解析：which 考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，本句是“代词＋介词＋关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为物，应用which。
5．答案与解析：better 考查固定搭配。had better d sth.为固定短语，意为“最好做某事”。
6．答案与解析：t leave 考查非谓语动词。be likely t d sth.为固定短语，意为“可能会做某事”。
7．答案与解析：but/yet 考查连词。根据语境可知，房间太黑可能不会让你晚上睡不着，但醒来时却会损害你的精力。前后构成转折，应用but/yet。
8．答案与解析：waking 考查非谓语动词。空前为介词upn，其后应接名词或动词­ing形式。
9．答案与解析：entirely 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰前面的动词短语。
10．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，且must的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
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