2024版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习课时作业28Unit4Nevertoooldtolearn牛津译林版选择性必修第四册

这是一份2024版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习课时作业28Unit4Nevertoooldtolearn牛津译林版选择性必修第四册，共6页。
It's nt just in yur head: a desire t curl up n the sfa after a day spent tiling at the cmputer culd be a physical respnse t mentally demanding wrk, accrding t a study that links mental exhaustin t changes in brain physilgy that cause feelings f tiredness.
The study was cnducted by neurscientist Antnius Wiehler at the Paris Brain Institute and his clleagues. T learn the cause f mental exhaustin, the research team enrlled 40 participants and assigned 24 f them t perfrm a challenging task. These included lking at a cmputer screen and matching different letters that appeared. The ther 16 participants did a similar, but easier task. Bth teams wrked fr six hurs, and had tw ten­minute breaks.
While the study participants fcused n their wrk, Wiehler and his team scanned the glutamate (谷氨酸) in the brains f the participants. Glutamate is an imprtant signalling mlecule in the brain that wrks in memry and learning. T much glutamate may upset the brain's functins, which means the brain is tired and it must rest.
The researchers fund that participants wh labured n the mre difficult task had higher levels f glutamate in the brain than thse wh wrked n the easier task. The result suggested peple wh spend mre than six hurs wrking n a task that requires a lt f thught are mre likely t feel tired.
And nw that a system has been established t measure metablic (新陈代谢的) changes in respnse t mental fatigue, the team hpe t learn mre abut hw t recver frm mental exhaustin. While the researchers haven't wrked ut a new slutin, Wiehler ffers that, “I wuld emply gd ld recipes: rest and sleep! There is gd evidence that glutamate is eliminated frm a perid f rest. A gd nap can be as shrt as 20 minutes, but can make us feel ttally refreshed.”
1．What d Wiehler and his clleagues try t study?
A．Why thinking hard makes us feel tired.
B．Why peple spend lng time n screen.
C．Wh prefers t take a challenging task.
D．Hw peple can alternate wrk with rest.
2．Which task may cause mental exhaustin mre easily?
A．Watching a funny mvie n TV.
B．Climbing the Muntain Tai ver 6 hurs.
C.Invlving a simple ecnmic­related decisin.
D．Playing chess games n the cmputer fr 7 hurs.
3．What is the attitude f Wiehler tward the system?
A．Skeptical. B．Negative.
C．Indifferent. D．Supprtive.
4．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．There is n need t find a new slutin.
B．It is n use putting the system int reality.
C.Further study is necessary fr mental exhaustin.
D．A nap is the best way t reduce the mental tiredness.
B
[2023·福建省百校联考高三上学期第一次联考]
Is it pssible fr the human heart t shrink (缩小) and if s, hw des this change impact the human bdy?
Recently, scientists have discvered an unexpected similarity between lng­distance swimming and spending a lng duratin f time in space—bth can cause the human heart t shrink ver time! These findings were based n the experiences f astrnaut Sctt Belly, wh spent 340 days in space in 2015, and Benit Lecmte, an athlete wh in 2018 swam 1，753 miles (abut 2，821 km) acrss the Pacific Ocean in 159 days.
The absence f gravity in space means that the heart des nt have t wrk as hard t pump bld thrugh the arta (主动脉), the largest bld vessel that supplies xygen t all parts f ur bdy. As a result, the heart lses muscle mass, causing it t reduce in size. The study was cnducted by Benjamin Levine, a prfessr f internal medicine at the University f Texas Suthwestern Medical Center. He nted that the shrinkage was seen despite the fact that Sctt Belly exercised every day.
Activities such as lng­distance swimming can cause the heart t change similarly. Lecmte spent 5.8 hurs swimming every day and then anther hurs sleeping; therefre, he spent mre time in a hrizntal (水平的) psitin than upright. This reduced the frce f gravity acting n his bdy.
Frtunately, while the heart did shrink in size fr Belly and Lecmte, it was just as strng and cntinued t functin nrmally fr bth men. And in bth cases, the heart regained its riginal mass and size after a return t nrmal daily lives.
This study is crucial as NASA prepares t send astrnauts t Mars in the 2030s. Prfessr Levine is wrking with NASA n a prgram called cypher, which hpes t cllect mre in­frmatin by fllwing ten mre astrnauts' year­lng trips as well as cnducting research n shrter trips t space.
5．What d Belly and Lecmte have in cmmn?
A.Their hearts nce became smaller than befre.
B．Their hearts are strnger than cmmn peple.
C．Their hearts may never return t nrmal.
D．Their hearts may have t wrk harder.
6．What causes the change f the heart in space?
A．The lack f exercise.
B．The lack f gravity.
C．The sleeping psitin.
D．The psychlgical pressure.
7．What can we knw frm the last paragraph?
A．The limitatin f the study.
B．The prcess f the study.
C．The details f the study.
D．The applicatin f the study.
8．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．Can astrnauts avid the effect f gravity
B．Can athlete have a strnger heart
C．Can the human heart reduce in size
D．Can the human heart functin well in space
[答题区]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
[2023·山东省实验中学高三第一次诊断]
Fr teenagers, the imprtance f adequate nightly sleep remains cnstant. Enugh shut­eye time is crucial t bth physical health and cgnitive functining. __1__ Parents are deeply wrried abut this. Here are sme tips fr parents t cushin the blw frm the schl stuff, such as earlier schl start time and munting amunts f hmewrk.
Set up a bedtime rutine. A regular bedtime rutine starting arund the same time each night encurages gd sleep patterns.__2__ Fr ld nes, this might include a quiet and reflective chat.
Check nise and light in yur child's bedrm.__3__ Check if yur child's bedrm is t light r nisy fr sleep. Blue light frm varius screens might cntain melatnin levels and delay sleepiness.
Ensure gd dinner with reasnable amunts. The saying ges that we shuld eat like a king in the mrning, a prince at nn and a farmer at night. But the farmer­way f dinner desn't apply t yur children. They need mre nutritin. But make sure yur child has a right amunt f evening meal. Feeling hungry r full befre bed makes yur child uncmfrtable.__4__
__5__ Mst children receive a prtin f their recmmended amunt f sleep each day frm naps. Nt sleeping thrugh the night is fairly cmmn fr yung children, s they need an extra bst frm daytime naps t ensure they get enugh sleep fr any given 24­hur perid.
A．Take a gd nap.
B．Sleep thrugh the night.
C．This can make it hard fr yur child t get t sleep.
D．A quiet, dimly lit space is imprtant fr a gd sleep.
E．Fixed bath and stry time helps small kids ready fr sleep.
F．Daytime naps are said t be a gd additin t nightly sleep.
G．That said, surveys reveal ne in five teens sleep less than seven hurs.
[答题区]
1．________ 2.________ 3.________
4．________ 5.________
Ⅲ.语法填空
[2023·青岛市高三调研]
Fr thse cnsuming Asian fd, using chpsticks 1.________ (be) almst secnd nature. Abut 20 t 33 percent f peple in the wrld use chpsticks 2.________ a daily basis. Nt all f thse are dispsable (一次性的) nes, 3.________ n dubt many are.
Felix Bck, a student at the University f British Clumbia, was eager t find a way t recycle wd frm cnstructin prjects, and he had a particular interest in bamb. One day he fund a drawer in his friend's huse 4.________ (fill) with dispsable bamb chpsticks, and an idea hit him.
He decided t give 5.________ secnd life t dispsable chpsticks by making them int hme 6.________ (decratin) r ther accessries (配饰). He tld the idea t restaurant wners, 7.________ (cnvince) them t install recycling bins in their restaurants. He cleaned the chpsticks, pressed them int square pieces and cated them with glue. The square pieces were then 8.________ (creative) arranged int husehld and ffice prducts. Böck's cmpany, called ChpValue, has repurpsed chpsticks int desktps, cutting bards and even table games.
Since 2016 when the cmpany 9.________ (fund), ChpValue has rescued billins f chpsticks frm landfills. Instead f an ecnmy f the typical take­make­dispse mdel, ChpValue seeks t create ne 10.________ transfrms waste int a usable resurce.
[答题区]
1．________ 2.________ 3.________
4．________ 5.________ 6.________
7．________ 8.________ 9.________
10．________
课时作业(二十八)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍一项对精神疲劳的研究，精神疲劳的原因及解决办法。
1．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据首段及第二段“T learn the cause f mental exhaustin, the research team enrlled 40 participants and assigned 24 f them t perfrm a challenging task.”及第四段的“The result suggested peple wh spend mre than six hurs wrking n a task that requires a lt f thught are mre likely t feel tired.”可知，Wiehler和他的同事试图研究为什么努力思考会让我们感到疲惫。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段“The result suggested peple wh spend mre than six hurs wrking n a task that requires a lt f thught are mre likely t feel tired.”并结合选项可知，更容易导致精神疲惫的是在电脑上下棋7个小时。
3．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“And nw that a system has been established t measure metablic (新陈代谢的) changes in respnse t mental fatigue, the team hpe t learn mre abut hw t recver frm mental exhaustin.”和“I wuld emply gd ld recipes: rest and sleep! There is gd evidence that glutamate is eliminated frm a perid f rest. A gd nap can be as shrt as 20 minutes, but can make us feel ttally refreshed.”可知，Wiehler对这个系统持支持的态度，故选D。
4．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“And nw that a system has been established t measure metablic (新陈代谢的) changes in respnse t mental fatigue, the team hpe t learn mre abut hw t recver frm mental exhaustin. While the researchers haven't wrked ut a new slutin”可知，对于精神疲惫，进一步的研究是必要的。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了人的心脏在长期缺乏重力的情况下会变小的一项研究。
5．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Frtunately, while the heart did shrink in size fr Belly and Lecmte, it was just as strng and cntinued t functin nrmally fr bth men.”可知，Belly和Lecmte的心脏都变得比之前更小了。
6．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The absence f gravity in space means that the heart des nt have t wrk as hard t pump bld thrugh the arta (主动脉), the largest bld vessel that supplies xygen t all parts f ur bdy. As a result, the heart lses muscle mass, causing it t reduce in size.”可知，由于缺少地球重力，人的心脏会产生变化，会变得更小。
7．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。通读最后一段“This study is crucial as NASA prepares t send astrnauts t Mars in the 2030s. Prfessr Levine is wrking with NASA n a prgram called cypher, which hpes t cllect mre in­frmatin by fllwing ten mre astrnauts' year­lng trips as well as cnducting research n shrter trips t space.”可知，从最后一段我们能知道这个研究的应用。
8．答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Is it pssible fr the human heart t shrink (缩小) and if s, hw des this change impact the human bdy？”可知，本文主要介绍了“人类的心脏能变小吗”这一问题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些帮助更好入睡的建议。
1．答案与解析：G 根据上文“Fr teenagers, the imprtance f adequate nightly sleep remains cnstant. Enugh shut­eye time is crucial t bth physical health and cgnitive functining.”以及后文“Parents are deeply wrried abut this. Here are sme tips fr parents t cushin the blw frm the schl stuff, such as earlier schl start time and munting amunts f hmewrk.”可知，本句是在说明让家长们感到忧虑的问题：调查显示五分之一的青少年睡眠时间不足7小时。故选G。
2．答案与解析：E 根据上文“Set up a bedtime rutine. A regular bedtime rutine starting arund the same time each night encurages gd sleep patterns.”以及后文“Fr ld nes, this might include a quiet and reflective chat.”可知，本段的主旨是建立就寝时间，且后文提到了对年龄大点的孩子的建议，可知本句是针对年纪小的人群的建议。故选E。
3．答案与解析：D 根据上文“Check nise and light in yur child's bedrm.”以及后文“Check if yur child's bedrm is t light r nisy fr sleep. Blue light frm varius screens might cntain melatnin levels and delay sleepiness.”可知，本段的主旨是关于噪音和光线对睡眠的影响的，后文提到太亮或太吵，不适合睡觉，可见要安静且光线昏暗。故选D。
4．答案与解析：C 根据上文可知，本句为本段最后一句，上文提到了睡前感到饥饿或饱腹会让孩子不舒服，故本句承接上文说明导致的结果是让孩子难以入睡。故选C。
5．答案与解析：A 根据后文可知，本段主要说明了睡午觉的作用，A选项Take a gd nap对应后文中naps。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——创意生活——让一次性筷子重生
【语篇解读】 英属哥伦比亚大学的一名学生Felix Bck偶然在朋友家发现了一抽屉一次性筷子，受此启发，他决定回收一次性筷子，将其重新制作加工成家居和办公产品。
1．答案与解析：is 动词的时态和主谓一致。该处陈述的是客观现象，故用一般现在时；主语是动名词短语“using chpsticks”，为单数，故用is。
2．答案与解析：n 介词。n a daily basis “每一天”，为固定搭配。
3．答案与解析：but/yet/while 连词。句意：并非所有那些都是一次性的，但毫无疑问，很多都是。根据句意可知，前后文间为转折关系。
4．答案与解析：filled 过去分词。动词fill和drawer为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
5．答案与解析：a 冠词。a和secnd搭配，表示“再一次，另一次”。
6．答案与解析：decratins 名词复数。根据空后的“r ther accessries (配饰)”可知，空处与accessries对应，且decratin当“装饰品”讲时常用其复数形式。故填decratins。
7．答案与解析：cnvincing 现在分词。分析该句结构可知，空处作伴随状语，主语He和动词cnvince之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
8．答案与解析：creatively 副词。此处修饰谓语动词，故用副词形式。
9．答案与解析：was funded 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的2016可知，该处用一般过去时；主语the cmpany表示单数，且和动词fund之间为被动关系。故填was funded。
10．答案与解析：that 定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词ne，且在从句中作主语，所以填that。ne为不定代词，其后定语从句不宜用which引导。
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
答案