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【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-Unit 10 课时3 Grammar 讲义
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这是一份【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-Unit 10 课时3 Grammar 讲义，文件包含Unit10课时3Grammar学生版docx、Unit10课时3Grammar教师版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共43页， 欢迎下载使用。
Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands
目标导航
Grammar
动词不定式；it做形式主语和形式宾语
知识精讲
知识点01 动词不定式作主语
【语法详解】定义：动词不定式，由“to+动词原形”构成，为非谓语动词结构，可以用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等成分。
动词不定式作主语
（1）动词不定式用作主语时一般置于句首，其谓语动词用单数形式。
如：To see is to believe（百闻不如一见）;
To lean out of the window is dangerous（身子探出窗外很危险）;
To learn English well is very important for students（学好英语对于学生来说至关重要。）
（2）以it置于句首为形式主语，其后所接的动词不定式为真正的逻辑主语。
如：It's our duty to take good care of the old（照顾老人是我们的责任）;
It's very interesting to swim in summer（夏天游泳很有趣）;
It is a bit difficult to finish the task in three days（三天内完成这项任务有点难度的）;
It is very convenient to use mobile phones for self-study（用手机自学很方便）;
It’s kind of you to think so much of us（你如此为我们着想，你真是太好了）;
It takes me twenty minutes to walk from my home to the school. （从我家走到学校得20分钟.）
（3）when， what， how， where等疑问词后接不定式置于句首时，常用作主语。
如： Where to go is still being discussed （去哪里还在讨论中）;
How to solve it is still a problem（怎么解决它仍是个问题）;
When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. （什么时候开会还没有定下来。）
【即学即练】It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview.
A．主语 B．表语 C．定语 D．谓语
知识点02 动词不定式作宾语
【语法详解】动词不定式作宾语
（1）在英语中，hope， learn， agree， refuse， start， afford， promise， afford， hate， decide等及物动词后可以跟不定式作宾语。如：
I hope to become an excellent doctor.（我希望成为一名出色的医生）;
She promised to guard this secret.（她答应保守这个秘密）;
We can't afford to go abroad this year.（今年我们负担不起出国的费用）;
She offered to give us a lift.（她主动邀请我们搭车）;
They decided to go to the countryside on vacation. （他们决定去农村度假。）
（2）tell， learn， know， show， decide， forget， ，wonder， explain， consider， remember ，find out等动词或词组，其后可以用“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。
如：Please tell us where to mail these letters.（请告诉我们在哪儿寄这些信）;
He will show us how to play the game.（他将给我们演示怎样玩这个游戏）;
We must find out what to do next.（我们一定得弄清楚下一步做什么 ）;
There are so many kinds of mobile phones on sale that I don’t know which to buy.（有这么多的手机在折价销售，我拿不定主意买哪一种。）
（3）在“feel/think/find/believe/make+it+形容词/名词+to do something”句型中，常用it 表示形式宾语，而动词不定式是真正的逻辑宾语。
如： feel it important to study hard.（我觉得努力学习很重要）;
I think it our duty to protect the environment.（我认为保护环境是我们的责任）;
She found it difficult to get along with that old woman（她发现那个老妇人很难相处）;
Some people believe it impolite to ask someone's age. （有些人认为询问他人年龄是不礼貌的）;
The Internet makes it easy to communicate with each other.（互联网使彼此之间的交流变得很容易。）
【即学即练】—Mom, why did you turn down the radio?
—Because I tried ________ your younger sister up.
A．to wake B．not to wake C．waking D．not wake
知识点03 动词不定式作状语
【语法详解】动词不定式作状语
（1）动词不定式用作目的状语，可以位于句首、句中，意思是“为了……”，具有突出和强调的作用，常用固定结构则有in order to do， so as to do等。
如： To catch the early bus， we got up at 5：00.（为了赶上早班车，我们5点钟就起床了）;
In order to earn enough money， he often works late into the night. （为了赚到足够的钱， 他经常工作到深夜。）
We went early so as to get good seats.（为了占到好座位，我们早早就去了。）
（2）动词不定式用作结果状语，常见结构有“too…to do（太……而不）”、“enough…to do（有足够…做……）” 、“only to do（结果却）” 、“so/such …as to do”（如此……以至于）等。
如：The box is too heavy for me to carry.（这个箱子太重了，我搬不动）;
He is old enough to finish it for himself.（他已经长大了，足以独立完成这件事了）;
We went to see her only to find her out.（我们去看她，结果却发现她出去了）;
She is so proud as to look down upon others. （她如此骄傲以至于看不起别人）;
（3）动词不定式用作原因状语，常用结构是“sb.+be+形容词+to do ”。
如：I’m glad to see you（我很高兴见到你）;
She was surprised to see the man（看到这个男子，她很吃惊）;
They were excited to hear the news.（听到这个消息他们很激动。）
总之，动词不定式用法看似简单，但易于出错。在平时的英语学习中，同学们要认真学习，熟练掌握其用法，并适当加强训练。
【即学即练】Wu Tao usually plays table tennis _________ healthy.
A．keep B．keeping C．keeps D．to keep
知识点04 “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”
【语法详解】1. “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的构成及用法。
动词不定式（to do）可以和疑问词what,which,who,whom,how,where,when等(why除外)连用，构成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语的补语，状语，同位语等句子成分。
(1) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作主语。
Where to go is still a question. 到哪里去还是个问题。
(2) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。
I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。
(3) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作表语。
The question is how to learn English well.问题是怎样学好英语。
(4)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语补足语
I asked her how to learn English. 我问她如何学英语。
(5)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式” 作状语
She did not know what to do. 她不知如何是好。
(6)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作同位语
The question whether to go troubled the girl.
是否要去的问题使姑娘很烦恼。
2.常与“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构连用的词
常和“疑问词+动词不定式结构连用的动词及动词短语有：know, learn, see, hear, ask, tell, advise, decide, explain, find out, forget, remember, think, understand, wonder等。
(1)有些动词，如ask, tell, advise,show,teach 等，其后可跟双宾语。
Please tell me how to get there. 请告诉我怎么去那儿。
(2)有些疑问词后面可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。如：what,which,whose,how many,how much等。
She wondered how much money to spend on clothes.
(3) 在“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是如sure,clear等形容词。
I am not sure which way to take .
3. “特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构可以把复合句转为简单句。如：
I do not know what I should do.
= I do not know what to do.
【即学即练】—Would you please show me ________ the app “Alipay”?
—No problem.
A．what to use B．how to use C．whether to use
知识点05 it作形式宾语
【语法详解】1）当不定式短语、动名词短语或从句在复合宾语（宾语+宾补）结构中作某些动词（find, make, think, consider, feel, suppose等）的宾语时。如：
They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.
他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。
(pleasant是宾语补足语，that they worked with us Chinese是宾语从句）
I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.
我觉得《特别英语》节目并不难理解。
（difficult是宾补，to understand the Special English是真正宾语）
He makes it a rule never to borrow money.
他立志决不向别人借钱。
（a rule是宾补，never to borrow money是真正宾语）
I think it no need talking about it with them.
我认为没必要跟他们谈这事。
（no need是宾补，talking about it with them是真正宾语）
2）某些“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love,hate等， 往往不能直接接宾语从句，需要用it作形式宾语。
I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.
我不喜欢他那么懒惰。
（that he’s so lazy是真正宾语）
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.
我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。
（when my mother asks me to eat eggs是真正宾语）
1）that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语。如
You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。
He insisted on it that he was innocent.
他坚持说自己是无辜的。
（that he was innocent是真正宾语)
Would you see to it that she gets home early？
你负责保证她早到家，好吗？
3)由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it.
I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.
我让你自己判断这事是否该做。
（whether you should do it是真实宾语）
We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.
多亏了你才没发生严重事故。
（ that there wasn’t a serious accident.是真实宾语）
【即学即练】He doesn’t find _________interesting _________elephants playing soccer.
A．this, watch B．it, to watch C．that, watching D．it, watching
知识点06 it作形式主语
【语法详解】当主语是动词不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it 作形式主语。而将真正的主语放在句尾。
此时只起引导作用，本身无意义。
It is wrong to tell a lie.
说谎是错误的。(to tell a lie是真实主语）
It is no use arguing about it.
争论这件事是没用的。(It为arguing about it的形式主语）
It is uncertain who will come.
谁要来还未确定。
(it为who will come的形式主语）
it作形式主语的常见句型
１）It＋ be ＋形容词＋to do sth/doing /that...
It is very important to learn a foreign language.
学一门外语非常重要。
It is useless crying over the split milk.
覆水难收。
It was really surprising that she married a man like that.
她嫁给那样的男人真让人惊讶。
2）It + be +名词词组+doing/that...
It is no good telling lies. 撒谎无好处。
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday.
你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。
It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.
没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸置疑的。
3）It + be +过去分词+ that...
该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide等。
It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.
据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。
It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.
大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。
It is reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.
据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。
（that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.是主语从句，作真实主语）
4）It + seems /appears/happens 等不及物动词+ that...
It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.
似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。
（that he enjoys pop songs very much.是主语从句，作真实主语）
It appears that Tom might change his mind.看来汤姆可能会改变主意。
（ that Tom might change his mind.是主语从句，作真实主语）
5) 若这种句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语
Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow?
他们明天不来很重要吗？
（that they won’t come tomorrow是真正主语）
Is it true that he will go abroad next week?
他下周出国是真的吗？
（that he will go abroad next week是真正主语）
6）It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth
It took me some time to read the reading materials.
我花了一些时间才读完那些阅读材料。
It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.
从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14个小时。
【即学即练】It is important ________ people ________ learn team spirit.
A．of; of B．to; of C．of; to D．for; to
能力拓展
考法01 be supposed to的用法小结
be supposed to do sth. 意为＂应该做某事＂，其中to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形，可与should do sth.互换，两者多用于口语中。也可等同于ought to do sth.，但使用较少，多用于正式文体中。
1. 当be supposed to的主语是人时，意思为＂某人应该……＂，表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。
Everyone is supposed to wear a seat belt in the car. 每个人在小汽车里都应该系安全带。
2. be supposed to的否定结构为be not supposed to，常用与口语中，意为＂不准，不得，不应当＂。
She is not supposed to be angry about that. 她不应当为那件事而生气。
3. 当be supposed to 用于过去时时，常表示＂某事本应该发生而没有发生＂。
He was supposed to arrive at six. But he was late. 他本应该6点钟到达，但是他迟到了。[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]
4. be supposed to后面接＂have + 过去分词＂时，表示＂本应该做某事而没有做＂。
You are supposed to have handed in your homework. 你本应该把你的家庭作业交上来了。[来源:Zxxk.Com]
5. suppose, think, believe, guess等可以在特殊疑问句中作插入语。
Who do you suppose will win the game? 你认为谁将会赢得这场比赛？
【即学即练】I told him that he was supposed to be there on time.
A．should B．was thought C．believed
考法02 It + be + adj. + to do sth. 句型
1. It + be + adj. + to do sth.意为＂做某事是……的＂，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式（短语）。因动词不定式（短语）作主语较长，而谓语部分相对较短，用it代替后就避免了＂头重脚轻＂的现象。[来I think it’s very important to sleep for eight hours a night. 我认为每晚睡8个小时是很重要的。
2. 表示＂对某人来说做某事是……的＂用句型＂It+ be + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.＂其中sb.为动词不定式to do sth. 的逻辑主语。二者的具体用法为：
It + be + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.
此句型中的形容词为描述事物特征的词，如difficult，important, easy, hard, necessary, possible, dangerous, impossible等，是说明动词不定式的。
It + be + adj.+ of + sb. + to do sth.
此句型中的形容词为描述人物品质及性格特征的词，如clever，foolish，good，kind，nice，polite等，用来说明of后的sb.。
It’s hard for me to answer your question. 对我来说回答你的问题很难。
It was foolish of him to go alone. 他单独去太傻了。
【即学即练】It’s important ________ us ________ to the teacher carefully in class.
A．for; to listen B．of; to listen C．of; listening D．for; listening
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
1．（2022·江苏南通·中考真题）We should have a healthy diet, proper exercise and enough sleep ________ fit.
A．keeping B．to keep C．keep D．kept
2．（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）________ heavy traffic, please get up and set out early.
A．To avoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided
3．（2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题）If each of us makes efforts _______ something meaningful, our society will become better and better.
A．to lose B．to be lost C．to do D．to be done
4．（2022·湖南益阳·中考真题）—Tom, do you think reading is important?
—Yes, I do. So I decide ________ more time reading from now on.
A．spend B．to spend C．spending
5．（2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题）— Hou can I prevent COVID-19, Dad?
—________ healthy, you should always wear a mask and wash hands frequently.
A．Keep B．Keeping C．To keep
6．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）The high school invited a famous scientist _______ a talk on World Earth Day.
A．giving B．to give C．give D．given
7．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—I often watch talk shows on TV.
—I enjoy watching the news. I hope ________ what’s going on around the world.
A．find out B．to find out C．finding out
8．（2022·广西·中考真题）Our teacher often tells us _________ across the road when the traffic light is red.
A．go B．going C．don’t go D．not to go
9．（2022·广西贵港·中考真题）— Amy, don’t forget ________ your mask (口罩) when you go out.
— Don’t worry, mom. I will.
A．wear B．wears C．to wear D．wearing
10．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真题）Remember ________ the light when you leave the classroom.
A．turn off B．to turn off C．turning off
11．（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）________ is our duty to make our country better and stronger.
A．It B．This C．That D．One
12．（2022·贵州毕节·中考真题）Many people have lost their homes because of wars. It’s important for people ________ a peaceful world.
A．have B．had C．to have D．to be having
13．（2021·辽宁营口·中考真题）We find ________ more useful for students to do new eye exercises.
A．it B．this C．one D．that
14．（2021·四川自贡·中考真题）—What do you think of learning Chinese, David?
—Actually, I find ________ hard to learn Chinese well in a short time.
A．that B．one C．it
15．（2020·江苏常州·中考真题）—Were you required___________ home during the outbreak of COVID-19?
—Yes. Luckily, the Internet made it possible for many of us________ from home.
A．to stay; to work B．staying; to work C．to stay; work D．staying; work
16．（2020·湖南长沙·中考真题）The twins are so alike that even their father finds________ hard to tell them from each other.
A．it B．him C．them
17．（2020·湖南益阳·中考真题）I found ________difficult for me to finish the work on time.
A．that B．it C．this
18．（2022·海南·中考真题）—Peter always remembers ________ the light off when he leaves the room.
—That’s great. It’s a good way to save energy.
A．shut B．shutting C．to shut
19．（2022·福建·中考真题）It’s important for us ________ hard in order to have a better life.
A．work B．to work C．working
20．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）The teacher told us ________ too much noise because the other students were having an exam.
A．to not make B．not to make C．not make D．not making
题组B 能力提升练
21．（2022·广西·中考真题）Now pupils don’t need much time to _____ (finish) their homework every day.
22．（2022·江苏泰州·中考真题）Our country has made laws ________ (protect) biodiversity(生物多样性) of the Yangtze River.
23．（2022·湖南永州·中考真题）I plan ________ (send) a gift to my father tomorrow for Father’s Day.
24．（2022·甘肃定西·中考真题）The teacher asked the students ________ (circle) the correct answer.
25．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）It’s kind of you ______ (help) the old cross the road.
26．（2019·西藏·中考真题）The joke made him ________ (laugh) again and again.
27．（2017·甘肃白银·中考真题）The girl expected all her classmates ________ (come) to her party.
28．（2017·黑龙江大庆·中考真题）My teacher advises us ________ (do) sports between classes.
29．（2021·上海·中考真题）Some rainforests are likely to ________ if we don’t take action to protect them. (appear)
30．（2022·湖南常德·中考真题）In the story of Chang’e, Pang Meng wanted ________ (steal) the medicine.
31．（2022·江苏·一模）The beautiful scenery in Shangri-La always makes it hard for any visitor ________ (describe) in words.
32．（2020·江苏南通·模拟预测）I found it important ________ (learn) how to search the Internet.
33．（2022·辽宁大连·一模）Now, it’s my pleasure to ________ our guest speaker today. (introduction)
34．（2022·湖南永州·一模）It’s easy for me ________(learn) English well.
35．（2020·甘肃兰州·一模）It’s _______(rudely) to shout at others.
36．（2020·上海闵行·二模）It’s________of the lady at the tourist office to give me some tips on where to visit. (help)
37．（2022·广西·三模）I expect ________ (help) her solve the problem.
38．（2022·贵州六盘水·模拟预测）I think it is meaningful ________ (volunteer) our time to help the people in need.
39．（2022·甘肃酒泉·二模）Beijing is now the first city ________ (host) both the summer and the winter Olympics.
40．（2022·甘肃定西·模拟预测）Her mother promised ________ (buy) a new bike for her.
题组C 培优拔尖练
41．（2022·重庆·中考真题）Please tell me where we can put our mobile phones. (改为同义句)
Please tell me ________ ________ put our mobile phones.
42．（2017·四川乐山·中考真题）If you want to become thinner, you’d better eat less before you go to bed.（改为同义句）
If you want to _______ weight, you’d better eat less before _______ to bed.
43．（2018·新疆乌鲁木齐·中考真题）President Xi Jinping asks every Chinese to continue working hard for happy lives. ( 改为同义句)
President Xi Jinping asks every Chinese to ________________ working hard for happy lives.
44．（2017·湖北孝感·中考真题）Let's discuss when we shall go to the Sea World. (改为同义句)
Let's discuss ________ ________ go to the Sea World.
45．（2020·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题）Could you tell me where I should park the car? (改写同义句)
Could you tell me ________ ________ park the car?
46．（2020·甘肃天水·中考真题）Making a good plan is half the work itself. (改为同义句)
It’s half the work itself ________ ________a good plan.
47．（2022·江苏南通·一模）The volunteers are helpful. They show the way to the gym to the visitors. (合并成一句)
It’s _________ _________ the volunteers to show the visitors how to get to the gym.
48．（2022·上海闵行·一模）A British man spent more than two years making a map of the world. (保持句意不变)
It ________ a British man more than two years to ________ a map of the world.
49．（2020·江苏南通·模拟预测）Eddie was so selfish that he ate up all the food.（保持句意基本不变）
_________ was selfish ________ Eddie to eat up all the food.
50．（2020·上海长宁·一模）I’m not able to finish the task successfully within half an hour.(保持句意基本不变)
__________ __________ for me to finish the task successfully within half an hour.
51．（2022·重庆市育才中学二模）He doesn’t know where he can look up the closing time.（改为同义句）
He doesn’t know _________ _________ look up the closing time.
52．（2022·重庆巴蜀中学三模）Could you tell me how I can get to the hotel? （改为同义句）
Could you tell me ___________ ___________ get to the hotel?
53．（2022·重庆·一模）The room is so small that it can’t hold many people. (改为同义句)
The room is ________ small ________ hold many people.
54．（2022·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）We have to wear hats to protect us from the sun. (改为同义旬)
We have to wear hats ________ ________ we can protect us from the sun.
55．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）My mom makes me do the dishes every day.（改为被动语态）
I am ________ ________ do the dishes every day.
56．（2021·上海·中考真题）John is wondering how he can keep the balance between work and play. （改为简单句）
John is wondering ________ ________ keep the balance between work and play.
57．（2021·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）I heard a girl sing in the next room.(改为被动语态)
A girl __________ heard _________ sing in the next room.
58．（2018·甘肃天水·中考真题）Let’s discuss where we will go after our exam.(改为简单句)
Let’s discuss where ________ ________ after our exam.
59．（2020·江苏南通·中考真题）The teachers are still taking about where they will hold the concert. (改为简单句)
The teachers are still talking about ________ _________ hold the concert.
60．（2022·江苏南通·一模）Andy thought that it was great fun to go on a treasure hunt with his friends. (改为简单句)
Andy ________ ________ great fun to go on a treasure hunt with his friends.
Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands
目标导航
Grammar
动词不定式；it做形式主语和形式宾语
知识精讲
知识点01 动词不定式作主语
【语法详解】定义：动词不定式，由“to+动词原形”构成，为非谓语动词结构，可以用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等成分。
动词不定式作主语
（1）动词不定式用作主语时一般置于句首，其谓语动词用单数形式。
如：To see is to believe（百闻不如一见）;
To lean out of the window is dangerous（身子探出窗外很危险）;
To learn English well is very important for students（学好英语对于学生来说至关重要。）
（2）以it置于句首为形式主语，其后所接的动词不定式为真正的逻辑主语。
如：It's our duty to take good care of the old（照顾老人是我们的责任）;
It's very interesting to swim in summer（夏天游泳很有趣）;
It is a bit difficult to finish the task in three days（三天内完成这项任务有点难度的）;
It is very convenient to use mobile phones for self-study（用手机自学很方便）;
It’s kind of you to think so much of us（你如此为我们着想，你真是太好了）;
It takes me twenty minutes to walk from my home to the school. （从我家走到学校得20分钟.）
（3）when， what， how， where等疑问词后接不定式置于句首时，常用作主语。
如： Where to go is still being discussed （去哪里还在讨论中）;
How to solve it is still a problem（怎么解决它仍是个问题）;
When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. （什么时候开会还没有定下来。）
【即学即练】It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview.
A．主语 B．表语 C．定语 D．谓语
知识点02 动词不定式作宾语
【语法详解】动词不定式作宾语
（1）在英语中，hope， learn， agree， refuse， start， afford， promise， afford， hate， decide等及物动词后可以跟不定式作宾语。如：
I hope to become an excellent doctor.（我希望成为一名出色的医生）;
She promised to guard this secret.（她答应保守这个秘密）;
We can't afford to go abroad this year.（今年我们负担不起出国的费用）;
She offered to give us a lift.（她主动邀请我们搭车）;
They decided to go to the countryside on vacation. （他们决定去农村度假。）
（2）tell， learn， know， show， decide， forget， ，wonder， explain， consider， remember ，find out等动词或词组，其后可以用“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。
如：Please tell us where to mail these letters.（请告诉我们在哪儿寄这些信）;
He will show us how to play the game.（他将给我们演示怎样玩这个游戏）;
We must find out what to do next.（我们一定得弄清楚下一步做什么 ）;
There are so many kinds of mobile phones on sale that I don’t know which to buy.（有这么多的手机在折价销售，我拿不定主意买哪一种。）
（3）在“feel/think/find/believe/make+it+形容词/名词+to do something”句型中，常用it 表示形式宾语，而动词不定式是真正的逻辑宾语。
如： feel it important to study hard.（我觉得努力学习很重要）;
I think it our duty to protect the environment.（我认为保护环境是我们的责任）;
She found it difficult to get along with that old woman（她发现那个老妇人很难相处）;
Some people believe it impolite to ask someone's age. （有些人认为询问他人年龄是不礼貌的）;
The Internet makes it easy to communicate with each other.（互联网使彼此之间的交流变得很容易。）
【即学即练】—Mom, why did you turn down the radio?
—Because I tried ________ your younger sister up.
A．to wake B．not to wake C．waking D．not wake
知识点03 动词不定式作状语
【语法详解】动词不定式作状语
（1）动词不定式用作目的状语，可以位于句首、句中，意思是“为了……”，具有突出和强调的作用，常用固定结构则有in order to do， so as to do等。
如： To catch the early bus， we got up at 5：00.（为了赶上早班车，我们5点钟就起床了）;
In order to earn enough money， he often works late into the night. （为了赚到足够的钱， 他经常工作到深夜。）
We went early so as to get good seats.（为了占到好座位，我们早早就去了。）
（2）动词不定式用作结果状语，常见结构有“too…to do（太……而不）”、“enough…to do（有足够…做……）” 、“only to do（结果却）” 、“so/such …as to do”（如此……以至于）等。
如：The box is too heavy for me to carry.（这个箱子太重了，我搬不动）;
He is old enough to finish it for himself.（他已经长大了，足以独立完成这件事了）;
We went to see her only to find her out.（我们去看她，结果却发现她出去了）;
She is so proud as to look down upon others. （她如此骄傲以至于看不起别人）;
（3）动词不定式用作原因状语，常用结构是“sb.+be+形容词+to do ”。
如：I’m glad to see you（我很高兴见到你）;
She was surprised to see the man（看到这个男子，她很吃惊）;
They were excited to hear the news.（听到这个消息他们很激动。）
总之，动词不定式用法看似简单，但易于出错。在平时的英语学习中，同学们要认真学习，熟练掌握其用法，并适当加强训练。
【即学即练】Wu Tao usually plays table tennis _________ healthy.
A．keep B．keeping C．keeps D．to keep
知识点04 “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”
【语法详解】1. “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的构成及用法。
动词不定式（to do）可以和疑问词what,which,who,whom,how,where,when等(why除外)连用，构成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语的补语，状语，同位语等句子成分。
(1) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作主语。
Where to go is still a question. 到哪里去还是个问题。
(2) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。
I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。
(3) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作表语。
The question is how to learn English well.问题是怎样学好英语。
(4)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语补足语
I asked her how to learn English. 我问她如何学英语。
(5)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式” 作状语
She did not know what to do. 她不知如何是好。
(6)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作同位语
The question whether to go troubled the girl.
是否要去的问题使姑娘很烦恼。
2.常与“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构连用的词
常和“疑问词+动词不定式结构连用的动词及动词短语有：know, learn, see, hear, ask, tell, advise, decide, explain, find out, forget, remember, think, understand, wonder等。
(1)有些动词，如ask, tell, advise,show,teach 等，其后可跟双宾语。
Please tell me how to get there. 请告诉我怎么去那儿。
(2)有些疑问词后面可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。如：what,which,whose,how many,how much等。
She wondered how much money to spend on clothes.
(3) 在“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是如sure,clear等形容词。
I am not sure which way to take .
3. “特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构可以把复合句转为简单句。如：
I do not know what I should do.
= I do not know what to do.
【即学即练】—Would you please show me ________ the app “Alipay”?
—No problem.
A．what to use B．how to use C．whether to use
知识点05 it作形式宾语
【语法详解】1）当不定式短语、动名词短语或从句在复合宾语（宾语+宾补）结构中作某些动词（find, make, think, consider, feel, suppose等）的宾语时。如：
They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.
他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。
(pleasant是宾语补足语，that they worked with us Chinese是宾语从句）
I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.
我觉得《特别英语》节目并不难理解。
（difficult是宾补，to understand the Special English是真正宾语）
He makes it a rule never to borrow money.
他立志决不向别人借钱。
（a rule是宾补，never to borrow money是真正宾语）
I think it no need talking about it with them.
我认为没必要跟他们谈这事。
（no need是宾补，talking about it with them是真正宾语）
2）某些“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love,hate等， 往往不能直接接宾语从句，需要用it作形式宾语。
I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.
我不喜欢他那么懒惰。
（that he’s so lazy是真正宾语）
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.
我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。
（when my mother asks me to eat eggs是真正宾语）
1）that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语。如
You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。
He insisted on it that he was innocent.
他坚持说自己是无辜的。
（that he was innocent是真正宾语)
Would you see to it that she gets home early？
你负责保证她早到家，好吗？
3)由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it.
I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.
我让你自己判断这事是否该做。
（whether you should do it是真实宾语）
We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.
多亏了你才没发生严重事故。
（ that there wasn’t a serious accident.是真实宾语）
【即学即练】He doesn’t find _________interesting _________elephants playing soccer.
A．this, watch B．it, to watch C．that, watching D．it, watching
知识点06 it作形式主语
【语法详解】当主语是动词不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it 作形式主语。而将真正的主语放在句尾。
此时只起引导作用，本身无意义。
It is wrong to tell a lie.
说谎是错误的。(to tell a lie是真实主语）
It is no use arguing about it.
争论这件事是没用的。(It为arguing about it的形式主语）
It is uncertain who will come.
谁要来还未确定。
(it为who will come的形式主语）
it作形式主语的常见句型
１）It＋ be ＋形容词＋to do sth/doing /that...
It is very important to learn a foreign language.
学一门外语非常重要。
It is useless crying over the split milk.
覆水难收。
It was really surprising that she married a man like that.
她嫁给那样的男人真让人惊讶。
2）It + be +名词词组+doing/that...
It is no good telling lies. 撒谎无好处。
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday.
你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。
It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.
没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸置疑的。
3）It + be +过去分词+ that...
该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide等。
It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.
据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。
It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.
大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。
It is reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.
据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。
（that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.是主语从句，作真实主语）
4）It + seems /appears/happens 等不及物动词+ that...
It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.
似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。
（that he enjoys pop songs very much.是主语从句，作真实主语）
It appears that Tom might change his mind.看来汤姆可能会改变主意。
（ that Tom might change his mind.是主语从句，作真实主语）
5) 若这种句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语
Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow?
他们明天不来很重要吗？
（that they won’t come tomorrow是真正主语）
Is it true that he will go abroad next week?
他下周出国是真的吗？
（that he will go abroad next week是真正主语）
6）It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth
It took me some time to read the reading materials.
我花了一些时间才读完那些阅读材料。
It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.
从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14个小时。
【即学即练】It is important ________ people ________ learn team spirit.
A．of; of B．to; of C．of; to D．for; to
能力拓展
考法01 be supposed to的用法小结
be supposed to do sth. 意为＂应该做某事＂，其中to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形，可与should do sth.互换，两者多用于口语中。也可等同于ought to do sth.，但使用较少，多用于正式文体中。
1. 当be supposed to的主语是人时，意思为＂某人应该……＂，表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。
Everyone is supposed to wear a seat belt in the car. 每个人在小汽车里都应该系安全带。
2. be supposed to的否定结构为be not supposed to，常用与口语中，意为＂不准，不得，不应当＂。
She is not supposed to be angry about that. 她不应当为那件事而生气。
3. 当be supposed to 用于过去时时，常表示＂某事本应该发生而没有发生＂。
He was supposed to arrive at six. But he was late. 他本应该6点钟到达，但是他迟到了。[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]
4. be supposed to后面接＂have + 过去分词＂时，表示＂本应该做某事而没有做＂。
You are supposed to have handed in your homework. 你本应该把你的家庭作业交上来了。[来源:Zxxk.Com]
5. suppose, think, believe, guess等可以在特殊疑问句中作插入语。
Who do you suppose will win the game? 你认为谁将会赢得这场比赛？
【即学即练】I told him that he was supposed to be there on time.
A．should B．was thought C．believed
考法02 It + be + adj. + to do sth. 句型
1. It + be + adj. + to do sth.意为＂做某事是……的＂，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式（短语）。因动词不定式（短语）作主语较长，而谓语部分相对较短，用it代替后就避免了＂头重脚轻＂的现象。[来I think it’s very important to sleep for eight hours a night. 我认为每晚睡8个小时是很重要的。
2. 表示＂对某人来说做某事是……的＂用句型＂It+ be + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.＂其中sb.为动词不定式to do sth. 的逻辑主语。二者的具体用法为：
It + be + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.
此句型中的形容词为描述事物特征的词，如difficult，important, easy, hard, necessary, possible, dangerous, impossible等，是说明动词不定式的。
It + be + adj.+ of + sb. + to do sth.
此句型中的形容词为描述人物品质及性格特征的词，如clever，foolish，good，kind，nice，polite等，用来说明of后的sb.。
It’s hard for me to answer your question. 对我来说回答你的问题很难。
It was foolish of him to go alone. 他单独去太傻了。
【即学即练】It’s important ________ us ________ to the teacher carefully in class.
A．for; to listen B．of; to listen C．of; listening D．for; listening
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
1．（2022·江苏南通·中考真题）We should have a healthy diet, proper exercise and enough sleep ________ fit.
A．keeping B．to keep C．keep D．kept
2．（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）________ heavy traffic, please get up and set out early.
A．To avoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided
3．（2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题）If each of us makes efforts _______ something meaningful, our society will become better and better.
A．to lose B．to be lost C．to do D．to be done
4．（2022·湖南益阳·中考真题）—Tom, do you think reading is important?
—Yes, I do. So I decide ________ more time reading from now on.
A．spend B．to spend C．spending
5．（2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题）— Hou can I prevent COVID-19, Dad?
—________ healthy, you should always wear a mask and wash hands frequently.
A．Keep B．Keeping C．To keep
6．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）The high school invited a famous scientist _______ a talk on World Earth Day.
A．giving B．to give C．give D．given
7．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—I often watch talk shows on TV.
—I enjoy watching the news. I hope ________ what’s going on around the world.
A．find out B．to find out C．finding out
8．（2022·广西·中考真题）Our teacher often tells us _________ across the road when the traffic light is red.
A．go B．going C．don’t go D．not to go
9．（2022·广西贵港·中考真题）— Amy, don’t forget ________ your mask (口罩) when you go out.
— Don’t worry, mom. I will.
A．wear B．wears C．to wear D．wearing
10．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真题）Remember ________ the light when you leave the classroom.
A．turn off B．to turn off C．turning off
11．（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）________ is our duty to make our country better and stronger.
A．It B．This C．That D．One
12．（2022·贵州毕节·中考真题）Many people have lost their homes because of wars. It’s important for people ________ a peaceful world.
A．have B．had C．to have D．to be having
13．（2021·辽宁营口·中考真题）We find ________ more useful for students to do new eye exercises.
A．it B．this C．one D．that
14．（2021·四川自贡·中考真题）—What do you think of learning Chinese, David?
—Actually, I find ________ hard to learn Chinese well in a short time.
A．that B．one C．it
15．（2020·江苏常州·中考真题）—Were you required___________ home during the outbreak of COVID-19?
—Yes. Luckily, the Internet made it possible for many of us________ from home.
A．to stay; to work B．staying; to work C．to stay; work D．staying; work
16．（2020·湖南长沙·中考真题）The twins are so alike that even their father finds________ hard to tell them from each other.
A．it B．him C．them
17．（2020·湖南益阳·中考真题）I found ________difficult for me to finish the work on time.
A．that B．it C．this
18．（2022·海南·中考真题）—Peter always remembers ________ the light off when he leaves the room.
—That’s great. It’s a good way to save energy.
A．shut B．shutting C．to shut
19．（2022·福建·中考真题）It’s important for us ________ hard in order to have a better life.
A．work B．to work C．working
20．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）The teacher told us ________ too much noise because the other students were having an exam.
A．to not make B．not to make C．not make D．not making
题组B 能力提升练
21．（2022·广西·中考真题）Now pupils don’t need much time to _____ (finish) their homework every day.
22．（2022·江苏泰州·中考真题）Our country has made laws ________ (protect) biodiversity(生物多样性) of the Yangtze River.
23．（2022·湖南永州·中考真题）I plan ________ (send) a gift to my father tomorrow for Father’s Day.
24．（2022·甘肃定西·中考真题）The teacher asked the students ________ (circle) the correct answer.
25．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）It’s kind of you ______ (help) the old cross the road.
26．（2019·西藏·中考真题）The joke made him ________ (laugh) again and again.
27．（2017·甘肃白银·中考真题）The girl expected all her classmates ________ (come) to her party.
28．（2017·黑龙江大庆·中考真题）My teacher advises us ________ (do) sports between classes.
29．（2021·上海·中考真题）Some rainforests are likely to ________ if we don’t take action to protect them. (appear)
30．（2022·湖南常德·中考真题）In the story of Chang’e, Pang Meng wanted ________ (steal) the medicine.
31．（2022·江苏·一模）The beautiful scenery in Shangri-La always makes it hard for any visitor ________ (describe) in words.
32．（2020·江苏南通·模拟预测）I found it important ________ (learn) how to search the Internet.
33．（2022·辽宁大连·一模）Now, it’s my pleasure to ________ our guest speaker today. (introduction)
34．（2022·湖南永州·一模）It’s easy for me ________(learn) English well.
35．（2020·甘肃兰州·一模）It’s _______(rudely) to shout at others.
36．（2020·上海闵行·二模）It’s________of the lady at the tourist office to give me some tips on where to visit. (help)
37．（2022·广西·三模）I expect ________ (help) her solve the problem.
38．（2022·贵州六盘水·模拟预测）I think it is meaningful ________ (volunteer) our time to help the people in need.
39．（2022·甘肃酒泉·二模）Beijing is now the first city ________ (host) both the summer and the winter Olympics.
40．（2022·甘肃定西·模拟预测）Her mother promised ________ (buy) a new bike for her.
题组C 培优拔尖练
41．（2022·重庆·中考真题）Please tell me where we can put our mobile phones. (改为同义句)
Please tell me ________ ________ put our mobile phones.
42．（2017·四川乐山·中考真题）If you want to become thinner, you’d better eat less before you go to bed.（改为同义句）
If you want to _______ weight, you’d better eat less before _______ to bed.
43．（2018·新疆乌鲁木齐·中考真题）President Xi Jinping asks every Chinese to continue working hard for happy lives. ( 改为同义句)
President Xi Jinping asks every Chinese to ________________ working hard for happy lives.
44．（2017·湖北孝感·中考真题）Let's discuss when we shall go to the Sea World. (改为同义句)
Let's discuss ________ ________ go to the Sea World.
45．（2020·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题）Could you tell me where I should park the car? (改写同义句)
Could you tell me ________ ________ park the car?
46．（2020·甘肃天水·中考真题）Making a good plan is half the work itself. (改为同义句)
It’s half the work itself ________ ________a good plan.
47．（2022·江苏南通·一模）The volunteers are helpful. They show the way to the gym to the visitors. (合并成一句)
It’s _________ _________ the volunteers to show the visitors how to get to the gym.
48．（2022·上海闵行·一模）A British man spent more than two years making a map of the world. (保持句意不变)
It ________ a British man more than two years to ________ a map of the world.
49．（2020·江苏南通·模拟预测）Eddie was so selfish that he ate up all the food.（保持句意基本不变）
_________ was selfish ________ Eddie to eat up all the food.
50．（2020·上海长宁·一模）I’m not able to finish the task successfully within half an hour.(保持句意基本不变)
__________ __________ for me to finish the task successfully within half an hour.
51．（2022·重庆市育才中学二模）He doesn’t know where he can look up the closing time.（改为同义句）
He doesn’t know _________ _________ look up the closing time.
52．（2022·重庆巴蜀中学三模）Could you tell me how I can get to the hotel? （改为同义句）
Could you tell me ___________ ___________ get to the hotel?
53．（2022·重庆·一模）The room is so small that it can’t hold many people. (改为同义句)
The room is ________ small ________ hold many people.
54．（2022·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）We have to wear hats to protect us from the sun. (改为同义旬)
We have to wear hats ________ ________ we can protect us from the sun.
55．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）My mom makes me do the dishes every day.（改为被动语态）
I am ________ ________ do the dishes every day.
56．（2021·上海·中考真题）John is wondering how he can keep the balance between work and play. （改为简单句）
John is wondering ________ ________ keep the balance between work and play.
57．（2021·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）I heard a girl sing in the next room.(改为被动语态)
A girl __________ heard _________ sing in the next room.
58．（2018·甘肃天水·中考真题）Let’s discuss where we will go after our exam.(改为简单句)
Let’s discuss where ________ ________ after our exam.
59．（2020·江苏南通·中考真题）The teachers are still taking about where they will hold the concert. (改为简单句)
The teachers are still talking about ________ _________ hold the concert.
60．（2022·江苏南通·一模）Andy thought that it was great fun to go on a treasure hunt with his friends. (改为简单句)
Andy ________ ________ great fun to go on a treasure hunt with his friends.
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