牛津译林版九年级上册Grammar优秀第3课时课时作业

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第3 课时 Grammar

目标导航


重点
词汇
1. n.夫妇，一对
2.* n.指纹，手印
3. adv大概，或许
4.* adj.犯罪的，犯法的
5.* adj女（性）的；雌性的
6. n.老板，上司
7.* vt.犯（罪）
8. 原来是，结果是
9. 与·…无关
10. n.急忙，匆忙
11. 急忙，赶快
重点
词组
1.与……有关/无关
2.是第一个用英文写侦探故事的人
3.一个破案高手
4.急着赶公共汽车
5.卡通剧里出现的一个侦探
6.受全世界青少年的欢迎
7.是一个被认为是犯罪小说女王的女性作家

8.沾满了血
9.需要会帮助破案的信息
10.在某方面取得进步
11.做了一些不为法律所允许的事情。




重点
句型
1.可能不止一个人跟这个凶杀案有关。
There was probably more than one person who .
2.警察正在检查现场寻找指纹和其他线索
The police fingerprints and other clues that may help solve the case
3.需要读者检查每一个小细节来寻找犯罪案件可能的我索
Require readers to check
4. 他衬衫上的血是杀鸡鸭弄上去的
The blood on his shirt hens and ducks
5.可能不止一个人与这次谋杀有关
There was probably more than one person who .

【答案】一1.couple 2.*fingerprint 3.probably 4.*criminal 5.*female6.boss 7.*commit 8.turn out
9.have nothing to do with10.hurry 11.in a hurry
二1.与……有关/无关 have something/nothing to do with...
2.是第一个用英文写侦探故事的人 the man who first wrote detective stories in English
3.一个破案高手 a master at solving crimes
4.急着赶公共汽车be in a hurry to catch a bus=hurry to catch a bus=catch a bus in a hurry
5.卡通剧里出现的一个侦探 a detective who appears in a cartoon series
6.受全世界青少年的欢迎 popular among teenagers all over the world
7.是一个被认为是犯罪小说女王的女性作家
a female writer who is considered the queen of crime novels
8.沾满了血 be covered in blood
9.需要会帮助破案的信息 need information which will help solve the case
10.在某方面取得进步 make progress in…
11.做了一些不为法律所允许的事情。 do something that isn't allowed by the law
三1.可能不止一个人跟这个凶杀案有关。There was probably more than one person who had something to do with the murder.
2.警察正在检查现场寻找指纹和其他线索
The police are now checking the scene for fingerprints and other clues that may help solve the case
3.需要读者检查每一个小细节来寻找犯罪案件可能的我索
require readers to check every tiny detail for possible clues to the criminal cases
4.他衬衫上的血是杀鸡鸭弄上去的 The blood on his shirt was from killing hens and ducks
5.可能不止一个人与这次谋杀有关
There was probably more than one person who had something to do with the murder.

知识点睛


【语法】A. 什么叫定语？
定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。
1.a beautiful girl (beautiful是前置定语，放在名词前）
2. the film directed by Zhang Yimou (directed by Zhang Yimou是过去分词短语作后置定语）
3. the book on the desk (on the desk 是介词短语作后置定语，放在名词后）
4.the boy standing under the tree (standing under the tree是现在分词短语作后置定语）
5. apple trees (apple是名词作前置定语）
6. his book (his 是形容词性物主代词作前置定语）
7. three apples (three是现数词作前置定语）
8. I have much homework to do. (to do 是动词不定式作后置定语）
下面以分词、介词短语为例：
①The girl behind the tree is Kate.
②The man driving too fast is a drunk（醉汉）.
提醒：大多数后置定语可以改为定语从句。
【语法】B. 限制性定语从句（Defining relative clauses) 相关概念
定语从句的有关概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。（定语从句要用陈述句语序）
如：1)The man who/that lives next to us is a policeman.(关系代词如果在定语从句中做主语，要注意从句中的谓语动单复数要与先行词一致)
2)You must do everything that I do.
在上面两句中的 man 和everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词：that , which ,who (宾格whom ,所有格whose )和关系副词where, when .关系词（关系代词或关系副词）放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。也就是说关系词有三个作用：
1.引导定语从句。 2.代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。
3.连接主句和从句。
例： ①The girl (who is behind the tree) is Kate.
②The man (who is driving too fast) is a drunk.
【语法】C. 有关系代词引导的定语从句。
关系代词
例句
That在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时that 可省略)
指物
1.A plane is a machine that can fly. (作主语)
2.The noodles （that） I cooked were delicious. (作宾语)
指人
1.Who is the man that is reading the book over there? (作主语)
2.The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister. (作宾语)
Which在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)

指物

1.The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells well. (作主语)
2.The songs（which）Liu Dehua sang were very popular. (作宾语)
Who, whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语（如果介词放在从句后面，则whom可以省略）

指人
1.The man who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. (作主语)
2.The boy who broke the window is called Roy. (作主语)
3.The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. (作宾语)
4.Mrs White is the person to whom you should write. (作宾语)
Whose 在从句中作定语,指物时相当于of which
指人或物的所有格
1.I like the girl whose hair is long. (作定语)
2.I live in the house the windows of which are closed.
= I live in the house whose windows are closed.
（从表中可以看出：用that 更有通用性）
但是：1）在非限制性定语从句中不能用 that
2) 在介词后面不能用that
3）先行词是代人的不定代词如those, somebody时不能用that
【语法】D. 有关系副词引导的定语从句：(只作了解)
1.先行词是表示地点的名词时（country, school, room…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语，一般用where引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。
The room where(=in which)he used to live has now been turned into a museum..　　
The desk where(=on which)I put my bag is his.
This is the school where(=in which)I joined the Party.
2.先行词是表示时间的名词（year, month, day, night…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语，一般用when引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。
The day when（=on which) he was born was Aug.20,1952
The year when (=in which) he died was 1982.
比较：1）This is the school which I visited last year.
2) This is the school in which (where) I stayed last year.
3. 先行词如果the reason,表示原因，则定语从句用why = for which来引导。
This is the reason why I was late for school.
【语法】E. 定语从句分类(只作了解)
定语从句分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（又称描述性定语从句）。
1、限制性定语从句与先行词关系密确，对它有限制作用，因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意思，限制性定语从句前面一般不用逗号。
例What is the name of the boy who brought us the letter?
2、非限制性定语从句只与先行词有一种松散的修饰关系，在口语中用停顿的方法表示，在书面语中用逗号分开，因此从句中的关系代词不能省略。一般用which ,who, where等来引导非限制性定语从句，而不用that 来引导非限制性定语从句。
例①I like to talk with John, who is a clever man.
例②Water, which is a clear liquid (液体)，has many uses.
【语法】F. 关于that ;which 用法请注意(只作了解)
①先行词（物）之前有all, every, any, no ,little, much, few 等词修饰时，或者其本身为all, ,everything, something ,nothing, anything, none；the one；much, few, any, little等不定代词，定语从句that用引导，不能用which。(如果先行词是指人的不定代词，则关系代词用who/whom,不用that 和which)
　　Is there anything that you want to explain ?
　　Everyone who heard her sad story was moved to tears.
②先行词（物）前有形容词最高级、序数词或only, very, the first, the last, the same表示“惟一”观念的形容词等修饰时，定语从句用that引导,不能用which.
This is the only reason that I can say.
This is the first step that can be taken.
It is the best one that you may choose.
③ 当主句中有who, which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免who…who, which…which等重叠，定语从句用that引导。
　 　Who is the man that is standing by the door?
Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk?
④先行词为人和物作并列成分时，定语从句用that引导。
　　 John and his dog that were here a moment ago disappear now.
⑤不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常省掉。
　　 He is no longer the man that he was.
⑥先行词是一个短语或者是一个句子时，关系代词用 which (大多数情况是非限制性定语从句)
He missed the train ,which annoyed (使......恼火) him very much .
【语法】G. 宾语从句、主语从句与定语从句区分。
定语从句中常用到that/which/who/whom等关系代词作主语或宾语；而在宾语从句或者主语、表语等从句中（特殊疑问句作宾语从句或主语从句时），常用到what / whom 等疑问代词作主语或宾语。
如：1) We believe what she said. (宾从，不能用that 来换what)
We believe anything/the words that/which she said. (定从)
2) I don’t know the girl whom/that I met yesterday.(定从)
3) I don’t know whom the girl likes. (宾从，不能用that)
4) What he said surprised me . (主从，不能用that))
练一练

1.—What kind of books do you prefer?
—I prefer the ones ________ me something to think about.
A.which give B.that gives C.who gives D.what give
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你喜欢什么样的书？——我更喜欢那些能让我思考的书。考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，the ones指代上文的“books”，指物，在从句中作主语，用which或that作关系词，ones是复数形式，从句中的谓语用原形，故选A。
2.Yuan Longping is a Chinese rice scientist ______ is leading the research to develop “sea rice”.
A.who B.which C.whom D.what
【答案】A
【解析】句意：袁隆平是一位在领导开发“海水稻”研究的中国水稻科学家。考查定语从句。本句是定语从句，排除D；先行词是a Chinese rice scientist（一名中国水稻科学家），先行词为人，排除B；且先行词作主语，排除C选项。故选A。
3.—I have read books ________ were written by Charles Dickens.
—So do I. David Copperfield is my favorite.
A.how B.who C.what D.that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我读过查尔斯·狄更斯写的书。——我也是。大卫·科波菲尔是我的最爱。考查定语从句的引导词。how关系副词，引导定语从句，在从句中作状语；who关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为人；what不能引导定语从句；that关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词为人或物。本句中先行词为物，且引导词在从句中作主语，应用that引导定语从句。故选D。
4.—Did you have a good time with your old classmates last night?
—Yes, of course. We talked a lot about the things and the people ________ are still clear in our minds.
A.who B.which C./ D.that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——昨晚你和你的老同学玩得开心吗？ ——当然了。我们谈论了很多记忆犹新的人事。 考查定语从句。作为定语从句的关系词，who先行词是人，在从句中做主语；which先行词是物，在从句中做主语或宾语；that先行词是人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语。此题的先行词the things and the people 是并列结构，即有人又有物，因而定语从句只能用that引导。故选D。

分层练习

【基础练习】

一、单项选择
1. “Underground” is the only word in the English language ____ begins and ends with the letters “und”.
A. what B. that C. who D. whom
2. Everyone has his aim in life. However, you can’t get fat on one mouthful. Start with the easiest thing ____ you can control.
A. who B. that C. which
3. People ____ overweight need more water than thin people.
A. who is B. which are C. that is D. who are
4. The shop ____ sells flowers is at the end of the street.
A. who B. where C. which
5. —Which is your new neighbor, Liu Hua?
—The man ____ T-shirt is red.
A. that B. who C. which D. whose
1. 【答案】B 句意：“Underground”是英语中以字母“und”开头和结尾的唯一一个单词。先行词被only修饰且关系词在定语从句中作主语，因此关系代词用that。故答案为B。
2. 【答案】B 句意：每个人都有生活目标。然而，一口吃不了胖子。从你能控制的最容易的事情做起。先行词出ing前有最高级修饰，故用that引导。
3. 【答案】D 句意：身体偏胖的人比身体瘦的人更需要水。who在定语从句中指代人；which在定语从句中指代物；that在定语从句中既可指代人，也可以指代物。根据先行词people且关系词在定语从句中作主语可知，关系代词可以用that，也可以用who，但people是复数，从句的谓语动词应用复数形式。故选D。
4. 【答案】C 句意：那家卖花的商店在街道的尽头。who的先行词为人，且关系词在从句中作主语或者宾语；where的先行词为地点，且关系词在从句中作地点状语；which先行词为物，且关系词在从句中作主语或者宾语。本句中先行词为shop，且关系词在定语从句作主语，用which来指代，故选C。
5. 【答案】D 句意：——哪一个是你的新邻居，刘华？——那个穿着红色T恤衫的人是。whose的先行词为人或者物，且在从句中作定语。故答案为D。
二、用关系代词that，which或who填空
1. This is the film ________ Bruce Lee starred in.
2. Do you know the scientist ________ invented the machine?
3. The village ________ we used to live in is very far from here.
4. The woman ________ is watering flowers is my aunt.
5. Where is the book ________ I borrowed from the library yesterday?
6. The watch ________ I lost yesterday is made in Japan.
7. The village ________ I was born in was called Gum Tree.
8. I visited the person ________ invented the important machine.
9. This is the most interesting film ________ I have ever seen.
10. Armstrong was the first person ________ walked on the moon.
【答案】1. that/which 2. who/that 3. that/which 4. who/that 5. that/which
6. that 7. which 8. who 9. that 10. that
三、将括号中的词连成适当的定语从句
1. Do you know the man _______________________________? (came, see, who, to, yesterday, me)
2. He is a good doctor _______________________________. (illness, who, cured, her)
3. The girl ________________________ is my cousin. (who, to, I, spoke)
4. The pen __________________ is very nice. (gave, you, me, that)
5. This is the place _______________________. (again, I, which, want, visit, to)
【答案】1. who came to see me yesterday 2. who cured her illness
3. who I spoke to 4. that you gave me 5. which I want to visit again


【能力拓展】
一、完型填空
Sherlock Holmes（（夏洛克·福尔摩斯））is a fictional 1 created by Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes is good at observation and logical reasoning（观察和推理），and this helps him solve many 2 . Holmes first appeared in 1887 in the book called A Study in Scarlet，and became popular 3 a series of short stories.
Conan Doyle altogether wrote four novels and 56 short 4 on Holmes. Most of the stories are told by Dr. Watson, a friend 5 shares the flat at 221B Baker Street，London with Holmes，and often helps Holmes when he is searching for clues.
6 Holmes may not be the first fictional detective，he is probably the most famous one in history. Holmes is 7 that many people believe he is not a fictional detective but a real person. He is widely 8 a British cultural icon.
Sherlock Holmes stories have had a great 9 on detective story writing and popular culture, and his stories have been made into many 10 , films and plays for more than a hundred years.
1.A.writer B.detective C.doctor D.character
2.A.questions B.problems C.mystery D.cases
3.A.among B.though C.through D.with
4.A.plays B.films C.stories D.poems
5.A.which B.who C.whom D.he
6.A.As B.While C.Because D.Although
7.A.such popular man B.such popular C.so popular D.so a popular man
8.A.known for B.known as C.famous for D.knew as
9.A.success B.progress C.influence D.value
10.A.advertisements B.movies C.drama series D.news
【答案】1-5 BDACB 6-10 DCBCC
【文章大意】柯南•道尔总共写了四部小说和五十六篇有关福尔摩斯的短篇故事。本文主要介绍了福尔摩斯在侦探小说中很有名，他的故事在一百年来被改编成许多电视连续剧、电影和戏剧。
【解析】1.句意：夏洛克·福尔摩斯是阿瑟·柯南·道尔笔下虚构的侦探。本题考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. writer作者；B. detective侦探； C. doctor医生； D. character人物。根据下文“Holmes may not be the first fictional detective”中的“detective”一词可知是一名侦探，故选B。
2.句意：福尔摩斯善于观察和逻辑推理,这帮助他解决很多案子。本题考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. questions问题；B. problems问题；C. mystery秘密；D. cases案件。solve cases为固定短短，意为“破案”。故选D。
3.句意：福尔摩斯首次出现在1887年的《血字的研究》，随后在一系列短篇小说中变得流行。本题考查介词及语境理解。A. among 在……之中；B. though连词，尽管；C. through通过；D. with和……，这里指的是在一系列短篇小说中脱颖而出，故选A。
4.句意：柯南·道尔总共写了四部小说和五十六篇有关福尔摩斯的短篇故事。本题考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. plays戏剧；B. films电影；C. stories小说；D. poems诗歌。根据后文Most of the stories are told by Dr. Watson……可知是短篇小说，故选C。
5.句意：大部分的故事都是沃森博士诉说的，他是和福尔摩斯共住在伦敦贝克街221 b号的公寓的一个朋友，经常在福尔摩斯寻找线索的时候帮助他。本题考查定语从句的引导词及语境理解。A. which哪一个； B. who谁；C. whom谁；D. he他。这是一个定语从句，先行词a friend指人，who引导一个定语从句，在从句的作语。故选B。
6.句意：虽然福尔摩斯可能不是第一个虚构的侦探,他可能是历史上最著名的一个。本题考查连词及语境理解。A. As当……时候；B. While当……时候；C. Because因为；D. Although虽然。结合句意，可知这是一个让步状语从句，所以用从属连词although，故选D。
7.句意：福尔摩斯是如此受欢迎，以至于许多人认为他不是一个虚构的侦探，而是一个真实的人。本题考查固定句式和语境理解。so的用法是so+adj. /adv.+that从句；such的是such+a/an+adj. +n.+that从句 。这是个结果状语从句，故选C。
8.句意：他是众所周知的英国文化偶像。本题考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。A. known for因为……而出名； B. known as作为……而知道；C. famous for因……出名； D. knew as短语错误。结合语境可知福尔摩斯是作为英国文化偶像而出名，故选B。
9.句意：夏洛克•福尔摩斯侦探故事对侦探故事写作和大众文化有着重大影响。本题考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. success成功；B. progress进步；C. influence影响；D. value价值。have a great influence on…意为“对……有重大影响”，故选C。
10.句意：一百多年来，他的故事已经被改编成许多电视连续剧、电影和戏剧。本题考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. advertisements广告；B. movies电影；C. drama series 电视剧；D. news新闻。与films、plays并列的是drama series，故选C。
二．首字母填空
Tina was watching news when her father came back home from w__1___.Father asked her if there had b___2___ something important today. Tina said that another murder had been solved by their top detective. Detective Lu. The c__3____ took place between 8:00 p.m. and 10.:p.m that night before.
A young couple wanted to get downstairs but found a man lying in the doorway of the lift . They have got quite s__4___. They called the police at once .At the scene ,Detective Lu found a g___5___ and a knife. He wasn’t sure whether the victim was m___6___by the gun or the knife .He took them back to check for f__ __7__. The top detective asked the couple if they had seen something .But they said they hadn’t seen or h____8____anything because they were having a party then. Detective Lu asked the same question to the cook. However, the cook said he had never seen the victim before.
After two-days’ checking Detective Lu found that the cook had told a lie. F__9__,the cook was under a ___10___for murder.
【答案】work been crime scared gun
murdered fingerprints heard finally arrest