辽宁省丹东市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题

这是一份辽宁省丹东市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题，共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，其他应用文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
辽宁省丹东市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Walks to suit everyone
From long-distance trails (小径)to family-friendly adventures around town, we have a various programme of guided walks so there’s something for everyone.
The Introductory Walk
Timing 2-5pm              Length 7.5 miles
Leader Susan Barker         Cost £10
This is a super warm-up walk. We start at the Moffat Old Churchyard, where John Loudon McAdam, a Scottish civil engineer and road-builder, is buried. Later on, we will pass Dumcrieff House where he once lived. A roller (碾轧机) he once used is still in the grounds.
The Dark Sky Walk
Timing 8-10pm             Length 3-4 miles
Leader Elizabeth Tindal       Cost £17
Where better to admire the starry sky than in Moffat, the only Dark Sky Community in the UK. Walking up the Gallow Hill path in the dark is an experience in itself, as it will be really, really dark. Elizabeth will provide everyone with head torches (头灯) to help us find our way and tell you some of the science and stories behind the stars and the rest of our universe.
The Birdwatching Walk
Timing 2-4pm           Length 3 miles
Leader Dave Dick        Cost £10
Dave will lead a walk around Gallow Hill. This is a mixed habitat for birds that is at an exciting stage of development. It contains some beautiful mature woodland. It also has a large open area, which is now being replanted with trees.
The Riverside Meander
Timing 2-3pm           Length 4.5 miles
Leader Bob Yeamans      Cost Free
This is a waterside walk along the wooded banks of the River Annan. This river is a wildlife habitat where you may see gray herons, sand martins, dippers and various species of ducks. This walk is mainly flat so you’ll be able to talk while you walk. It might be a little muddy in places so you are advised to wear walking boots and watch out for the few tree roots along the riverside.
1．Which walk will pass a historic residence house?
A．The Dark Sky Walk. B．The Riverside Meander.
C．The Riverside Meander. D．The Introductory Walk.
2．What is special about the walk with Elizabeth Tindal?
A．It is free of charge. B．It is for astronomy lovers.
C．It is scheduled in the morning. D．It is set alongside the River Annan.
3．What is the author’s suggestion for walking along the Riverside Meander?
A．Wearing head torches. B．Wearing walking boots.
C．Watching out for wild animals. D．Avoiding talking while walking.

Storie Myers is a microblading (纹绣) artist, who is in the business of helping people take control of their appearance. Now she’s using her time and talents to help people who have suffered hair loss due to cancer treatment.
Storie first got the idea to provide free services for cancer patients when one of her clients shared her personal hair loss journey after chemotherapy (化疗). Her words touched Storie’s heart. “I was just so moved by her stories that by the end of the appointment, I just could not charge her,” she recalled. She made up her mind then to make time in her schedule to help cancer patients in her salon (美容院), asking them to pay her in smiles instead of cash.
Microblading is frequently sought out by cancer survivors who experienced hair loss while receiving treatment. “Sometimes hair comes back, for certain people,” she explained. “But a lot of times it doesn’t come back the way that they hope. It’s amazing that microblading can help restore that.” Storie believes that everyone is beautiful with or without hair, but hair restoration can help strengthen people’s confidence.
One of the first customers to receive a free microblading treatment from Storie was Gretchen Baldwin. Gretchen had 12 cycles of chemotherapy and lost all of her hair. So when a friend told her about Storie’s services, she jumped at the opportunity to feel more like herself again. She admitted she was nervous to imagine the result at first, but once she looked at herself in the mirror, she was overjoyed! “I was very thankful, not only for the way it made me look, but also for not having to worry about paying for it,” said Gretchen.
Reactions like Gretchen’s are what fuel Storie to keep going! “Their reactions to that are so moving,” she said. “It’s so fulfilling, and that is so worth it to me, and I just have to keep going with it.”
4．Why did Storie decide to offer cancer patients free services?
A．Because she wanted to show her talents.
B．Because she would like to promote her salon.
C．Because she heard a cancer patient’s hair loss experience.
D．Because she hoped to see the smiles on patients’ faces.
5．What can we learn about the service offered by Storie?
A．It contributes to building up the cancer patients’ confidence.
B．It is thought highly of by all the cancer patients.
C．It can cure cancer patients’ hair loss.
D．It calls on people to pay attention to cancer patients.
6．Which statement is NOT true about Gretchen Baldmin?
A．Her appreciation encouraged Storie.
B．She lost her hair because of the chemoterapy.
C．She was anxious about the result at first.
D．She is the first one to receive free microbalding treatment.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Storie Myers: a caring artist B．Storie Myers: a talented artist
C．Microblading: an amazing skill D．Microblading: a new cancer treatment

For such a big bear, the giant panda’s favorite food, bamboo, is surprising. It’s a tough, stick-like plant with relatively few nutrients, so the panda has to eat it all day long just to sustain itself. That amounts to about 30 pounds a day for a 300-pound panda. How do they do it?
The answer is in their paws. Each one has a sixth finger, which scientists call a “pseudo-thumb”. It is actually an extension of the panda’s wrist bone. “It’s not nearly as good a thumb as ours, so they can’t make tools or complex movements,” said Wang Xiaoming, a scientist who studies fossils at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County in California. But the pseudo-thumb is shaped like a hook(挂钩), and it helps the bear tightly grasp stalks(秆)of bamboo as it chews them.
For many years, researchers have wondered how the pseudo-thumb evolved(进化). Very few fossils of panda paws have been found, so the earliest evidence scientists could find was from about 150,000 years ago. But in 2015, Wang and his team discovered a spoon-shaped piece of bone belonging to Ailurarctos, an ancestor of modern pandas that lived in the Miocene Epoch, about 6 million to 7 million years ago. While some primitive(原始的)animals also had big wrist bones, Ailurarctos seemed to be one of the first animals to actually use its pseudo-thumb.
Researchers believe that in a crowded forests, where Ailurarctos had to vie with ancient elephants, apes, and deer for food. Being able to eat bamboo helped the bear stay alive. Bamboo was available in large quantities and it grew quickly, so the bears could snack on the plant as much as they wanted.
The team thinks that the beneficial bone never evolved into a real thumb because it would be too difficult for a panda to walk on all four paws without pressing a larger finger. “We think the pseudo-thumb is an evolutionary balancing act,” Wang said. “Pandas need it for grasping, but they also keep stepping on it.”
8．What is the function of the “pseudo-thumb”?
A．It benefits pandas’ walking.
B．It can turn the food easily like a real thumb.
C．It can only make simple movements and tools.
D．It helps the five existing fingers hold bamboo tightly.
9．What does the underlined word “vie” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Deal. B．Work.
C．Compete. D．Connect.
10．What has been found by researchers according to the text?
A．The “pseudo-thumb” has evolved for 150,000 years.
B．A panda’s real thumb will come into being.
C．Quite a few fossils of panda paws have been found.
D．The “pseudo-thumb” is an evolutionary result.
11．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．An animal story. B．A nature textbook.
C．A science magazine. D．A news report.

When you’re grabbing lunch you might have your phone resting on the table. And when you go to the bathroom you might leave it on top of the toilet paper holder. Then, at the end of the day when you take the train or bus home, you exchange it from hand to hand as you pilot public transportation while still staying on top of all your notifications.
Let’s face it: Your phone is a breeding (哺育) ground for germs (细菌). And what is especially unhealthy about it is how close you put it to your face and mouth on a regular basis. Scientists at the University of Arizona found that your phone is ten times dirtier than most toilet seats. Wow, unbelievable! Another study also found that a typical high schooler’s smartphone can have as many as 17,000 bacterial gene copies on it. Think about that the next time you press your phone up against your face to make a phone call. Your phone is exposed to everything you touch. What’s on your hands is on your phone. Health-care experts stress that washing your hands frequently with soap and water is the best defense against the spread of germs.
Everyone always remembers to wash their hands many a time a day, but many times ignore their phone screen. The reason why your phone holds so many germs is that it remains warm throughout the day because of how often we use it. The warm environment allows germ to grow very easily and puts you at a greater risk of getting infected.
The germs on our phones can also lead to the development of acne (粉刺) and blackheads on your face. When your phone is pressed against your face while you’re on a call, the surface of our skin warms up, opening up our pore (毛孔). The germs then gets into your pores, causing skin irritation. Meanwhile, there are some other germs spreading items you’re probably carrying right now.
12．What’s the writing purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To stress the cellphone is of much importance.
B．To suggest our cellphone is full of germs.
C．To show the toilet is not the most dirty.
D．To indicate we have a close connection with the cellphone.
13．What does the author think of the result found by the scientists?
A．Personally astonishing. B．Statistically doubtful.
C．Scientifically supportive. D．Psychologically frightening.
14．What is the best way to protect ourselves from germs according to experts?
A．Often do hand-washing. B．Cool your phone on a regular basis.
C．Frequently clean your phone screen. D．Avoid pressing your phone against your face.
15．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．How the germs enter your pore. B．How the germs influence your facial skin.
C．What warms up your face. D．What causes your acne and blackheads.


二、七选五
Whether you’re 20 or 120, don’t let age define you. If, like me, you have recently entered that period of life known as middle age, take notice: You can no longer tell yourself that you might move to Lisbon, learn Portuguese, and take up the guitar. 16 Best of all, these rules work no matter what your age and stage of life.
17 Mean is easy; kind is hard. Once we reached eighth grade, many of us got the idea that the nasty put-down (无礼的贬低), the superior smile, and the clever one-liner are the signs of intelligence and great personal strength. But this kind of cleverness is like “playing the game on easy mode.” Making yourself feel bigger by making someone else feel small takes so little skill that 12-year-olds can do it.
Give yourself permission to be bad. You know what you’re really good at? Things you’ve done many times before. Mastery is boredom. 18 And we hate feeling like fools. So we keep ourselves bored in order to protect ourselves from being stupid. This is a bad trade.
Go to the party even when you don’t want to. Nine times out often, you’ll be bored and go home early. 19 It will pay you more than making up for those other wasted hours.
Be grateful. You have been given 2 billion seconds on this planet, give or take. You won’t get a refund (退款) from the universe for the seconds you spent complaining about the unfairness. 20
A．Always be ready to learn.
B．First and foremost, be kind.
C．You are amazing, and here’s why.
D．Unfortunately, we enjoy feeling like masters.
E．But the tenth time, you will have a worthy experience.
F．But you can follow some simple rules to guide your life.
G．Therefore, you should be thankful no matter what happens in your life.


三、完形填空
Alifa Chin is a 13-year-old Bangladeshi girl whose last name sometimes leads to her being mistaken for a Chinese.
“I like my name very much. I think my name is the 21 of friendship between Bangladesh and China,” she said. In 2010, Chin’s mother, Jannatul Ferdous, was unable to 22 naturally due to a serious heart problem. Local doctors failed to 23 the necessary surgery (外科手术).
24 , the Chinese navy’s Peace Ark hospital ship was about to arrive to provide medical 25 for locals in Chittagong. “Now we feel 26 for the efforts of Chinese doctors and nurses that help me give birth to a healthy baby,” Ferdous said.
This year, Chin wrote a letter to President Xi Jinping to 27 her gratitude. To the family’s 28 , Xi wrote back. In the letter, Xi 29 her to study hard, pursue her dream and carry forward the 30 friendship between China and Bangladesh.
“To 31 President Xi’s expectations, I will study medical science to help those in need,” she said.
The girl’s father said, “We didn’t 32 that our daughter would receive the letter from the Chinese president. This is the most 33 thing in our life.”
“We have seen how people in other countries have gained a better understanding of China through the medical 34 . To local residents, China is a major country that is responsible, peace-loving and always 35 ,” she said.
21．A．presence B．symbol C．signal D．proof
22．A．pick up B．hand over C．give birth D．work out
23．A．show B．perform C．follow D．load
24．A．Luckily B．Originally C．Obviously D．Gradually
25．A．transportation B．shelter C．budget D．treatment
26．A．thankful B．generous C．proud D．sympathetic
27．A．contribute B．supply C．express D．release
28．A．relief B．embarrassment C．credit D．surprise
29．A．called B．offered C．fought D．encouraged
30．A．temporary B．traditional C．unique D．contemporary
31．A．live up to B．figure out C．make up for D．account for
32．A．agree B．exhibit C．expect D．charge
33．A．unnecessary B．unavoidable C．uneventful D．unbelievable
34．A．benefit B．assistance C．concern D．agreement
35．A．helpful B．grateful C．wealthy D．creative


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Military-style” travel has become the latest fashion among Chinese college students, who spend as little money as possible to travel to as many places as they can during the weekend, rarely taking a break or even sleeping.
36 (save) money, they usually hop on a normal-speed train on a Friday night, arrive at the destination city on Saturday morning, travel freely in the city, sleep at 37 24-hour restaurant for a few hours on Saturday, then repeat the same busy schedule on Sunday before returning to their university in time for classes on Monday morning. 38 (video) of them taking such trips have been trending on social media platforms, with many netizens 39 (praise) them for their energy and high ability to implement their plans. However, others question whether such a busy schedule is 40 (health).
According to professors, the trend of “military-style” travel is essentially a form of budget travel that 41 (appeal) to specific groups of people. It is reported that for many university students with limited budgets and time limits, the desire to explore the world 42 travel independently is a basic motivation. These young travelers are 43 (little) concerned with in-depth experiences and more focused on checking off popular tourist destinations on their schedule. This has led to the emergence (出现) of a type of tourism 44 travelers are willing to sacrifice comfort and luxury for affordability and 45 (convenient).


五、其他应用文
46．假定你是李华，你的外教老师Mr Brown即将回国深造，你打算写一封亲笔信给他，来表达你的心声。
内容包括：1.美好回忆。2.感激与祝福。
注意：1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加情节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr Brown,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Up to the age of ten, I hardly noticed the difference. My parents worked tirelessly to ensure that everything was pleasant for me. I had to admit that I had a very peaceful childhood and I mostly ignored the fact that my elder sister was different. Our doctor had termed it Asperger Syndrome, a type of developmental disorder. This result turned my parents’ world upside down but they never let it affect me.
It was only at the age of ten that I started to notice the differences and became aware of my social life and the self-image that I had carefully developed. My sister, on the other hand, was socially awkward. She struggled with social interactions, unable to make eye contact or express herself clearly, often whispering her words right after she said them. However, she was very good at her studies, so we attended the same primary school. Despite this, I never publicly admitted that she was my sister, because I couldn’t bear others’ strange looks. As for my childish behavior, she never took it seriously. It was a specific event that changed how I viewed my sister, an incident (事件) that changed me.
In primary six, about to graduate, my sister and her classmates had to put on a performance, either in a group or individually. Due to her difficulty interacting with others, my sister decided to go solo. “I … I will sing the song … the song I composed by myself … myself,” my sister told my parents, somewhat confidently. Hearing this, I was shocked. How could my sister sing in front of the whole school alone?
I knew all too well that if I let this happen, she would embarrass me in one way or another. “No!” I banged on the table, my voice shaking. My parents shot me a look, and that was when I knew my sister was going to take the stage, no matter what, and I would be part of the audience. This was something I could not avoid.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
On the performance day, I felt nervous as her turn neared.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
I stood up, gestured, and called out, “Start your song, sister! You can do it!”
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．D 2．B 3．B

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章讲述的是几个徒步项目。
1．细节理解题。根据第一部分The Introductory Walk中“We start at the Moffat Old Churchyard, where John Loudon McAdam, a Scottish civil engineer and road-builder, is buried. Later on, we will pass Dumcrieff House where he once lived. (我们从莫法特老教堂墓地开始，这里埋葬着苏格兰土木工程师和道路建设者约翰·劳登·麦克亚当。稍后，我们将经过他曾经住过的邓克利夫公馆。)”可知，在The Introductory Walk游客可以经过一座历史悠久的住宅，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据The Dark Sky Walk部分中“Elizabeth will provide everyone with head torches (头灯) to help us find our way and tell you some of the science and stories behind the stars and the rest of our universe.(伊丽莎白将为每个人提供手电筒，帮助我们找到方向，并告诉你们一些恒星和宇宙其他部分背后的科学和故事。)”可知，和Elizabeth Tindal一起散步的特别之处在于，它适合天文爱好者。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据The Riverside Meander部分中“It might be a little muddy in places so you are advised to wear walking boots and watch out for the few tree roots along the riverside.(有些地方可能会有点泥泞，所以建议你穿上步行靴，小心河边的几根树根。)”可知，此处建议穿上靴子。故选B。
4．C 5．A 6．D 7．A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Storie在听到一位客户因化疗而脱发的个人经历后，开始为癌症患者提供免费的纹绣服务，为他们修复头发，帮助他们增强自信。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Storie first got the idea to provide free services for cancer patients when one of her clients shared her personal hair loss journey after chemotherapy (化疗). (当时Storie的一位客户分享了她在化疗后脱发的个人经历，她最初有了为癌症患者提供免费服务的想法。)”可知，Storie这样做的原因是她听到了一位癌症患者脱发的经历。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Storie believes that everyone is beautiful with or without hair, but hair restoration can help strengthen people’s confidence. (Storie认为，无论有没有头发，每个人都是美丽的，但头发修复可以帮助增强人们的信心。)”可知，Storie提供的纹绣服务可以修复癌症患者的头发，因此可以帮助增强他们的信心。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“One of the first customers to receive a free microblading treatment from Storie was Gretchen Baldwin. Gretchen had 12 cycles of chemotherapy and lost all of her hair. (Gretchen Baldwin是第一批接受Storie免费纹绣治疗的顾客之一。Gretchen接受了12次化疗，头发都掉光了。)”和“She admitted she was nervous to imagine the result at first, but once she looked at herself in the mirror, she was overjoyed! (她承认一开始想象结果时她很紧张，但当她看着镜子里的自己时，她欣喜若狂！)”可知，Gretchen因为化疗掉光了头发，她是第一批接受Storie免费纹绣治疗的顾客之一，一开始等待结果时她很紧张。根据最后一段中“Reactions like Gretchen’s are what fuel Storie to keep going! (像Gretchen这样的反应是Storie继续前进的动力！)”可知，Gretchen的惊喜反应代表的认可鼓励了Storie。因此，D项“她是第一个接受免费纹绣治疗的人”与文章内容不符。故选D项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了纹绣艺术家Storie的故事，她在听到一位客户因化疗而脱发的个人经历后，开始为癌症患者提供免费的纹绣服务，为他们修复头发，帮助他们增强自信。因此，A项“Storie Myers：一个有爱心的艺术家”符合文章大意，概括了Storie的美好品质，最适合作为标题。故选A项。
8．D 9．C 10．D 11．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大熊猫的特殊食性和其拥有的“伪拇指”，并探讨了这种特殊的进化方式。大熊猫以竹子为食，每天需要吃30磅，而它们的“伪拇指”帮助它们紧紧抓住竹子。研究人员发现，大熊猫的祖先Ailurarctos在600万到700万年前就已经拥有了这种特殊的骨骼结构，并开始食用竹子。这种“伪拇指”没有进化成真正的拇指，因为这样会影响大熊猫的行走。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But the pseudo-thumb is shaped like a hook(挂钩), and it helps the bear tightly grasp stalks(秆)of bamboo as it chews them.(但是假拇指的形状像一个钩子，它可以帮助熊在咀嚼竹子的时候紧紧抓住竹子的秆。)”可知，熊猫的假拇指的形状像一个钩子，它帮助现有的五个手指紧紧抓住竹子。故选D。
9．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“Researchers believe that in a crowded forests(研究人员认为，在拥挤的森林里)”以及划线词后面的内容“Being able to eat bamboo helped the bear stay alive.(能够吃竹子帮助熊活了下来。)”可知，Ailurarctos在拥挤的森林中为了和大象、猿猴和鹿竞争食物，吃到竹子才能活下来，由此划线词与C选项为同义词，意为“竞争”。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The team thinks that the beneficial bone never evolved into a real thumb because it would be too difficult for a panda to walk on all four paws without pressing a larger finger. (研究小组认为，有益的骨头从未进化成真正的拇指，因为熊猫如果不按压更大的手指，四只爪子走路就太困难了。)”以及“We think the pseudo-thumb is an evolutionary balancing act,(我们认为假拇指是一种进化平衡行为，)”可知，大熊猫的假拇指是一种进化平衡行为。故选D。
11．推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍了一个科学成果即大熊猫的特殊食性和其拥有的“伪拇指”，并探讨了这种特殊的进化方式。由此推断，文章出自于一本科学杂志。故选C。
12．B 13．A 14．A 15．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常使用的手机实际上充满了细菌，虽然我们常洗手，但是会忘记清洁手机屏幕，导致细菌滋生，而这些细菌会影响我们脸部的皮肤。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“When you’re grabbing lunch you might have your phone resting on the table. And when you go to the bathroom you might leave it on top of the toilet paper holder. Then, at the end of the day when you take the train or bus home, you exchange it from hand to hand as you pilot public transportation while still staying on top of all your notifications. (当你在吃午饭的时候，你可能会把手机放在桌子上。当你去洗手间的时候，你可能会把它放在卫生纸架的上面。然后，在一天结束的时候，当你乘坐火车或公共汽车回家时，你可以在乘坐公共交通工具的时候把它从一只手换到另一只手，同时仍然保持对所有通知的关注。)”和第二段的首句“Let’s face it: Your phone is a breeding (哺育) ground for germs (细菌). (让我们面对这一事实吧：你的手机是细菌的滋生地。)”可知，第一段描述了日常生活中我们频繁使用手机的场景，第二段的首句点明我们的手机滋生很多细菌。由此推知，第一段的目的在于表明我们的手机充满了细菌。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Scientists at the University of Arizona found that your phone is ten times dirtier than most toilet seats. Wow, unbelievable! (亚利桑那大学的科学家发现，你的手机比大多数马桶座圈脏十倍。哇，令人难以置信！)”可知，作者认为科学家的发现令人难以置信。因此，他个人对此非常震惊。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Health-care experts stress that washing your hands frequently with soap and water is the best defense against the spread of germs. (卫生保健专家强调，经常用肥皂和水洗手是防止细菌传播的最好方法。)”可知，最好的防止细菌的方法是勤洗手。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“The germs on our phones can also lead to the development of acne (粉刺) and blackheads on your face. When your phone is pressed against your face while you’re on a call, the surface of our skin warms up, opening up our pore (毛孔). The germs then gets into your pores, causing skin irritation. (手机上的细菌也会导致脸上长粉刺和黑头。当你打电话时，把手机贴在脸上，我们的皮肤表面就会变暖，毛孔就会张开。然后细菌进入你的毛孔，引起皮肤刺激。)”可知，最后一段主要描述了手机上的细菌是如何影响我们面部皮肤的。故选B项。
16．F 17．B 18．D 19．E 20．G

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无论什么年龄和生活阶段都可以遵循的一些生活规则。
16．前文“If, like me, you have recently entered that period of life known as middle age, take notice: You can no longer tell yourself that you might move to Lisbon, learn Portuguese, and take up the guitar. (如果你像我一样，刚刚步入中年，请注意：你不能再对自己说，你可能会搬到里斯本，学习葡萄牙语，拿起吉他。)”说明人进入中年后有些事情已经无法实现，后文“Best of all, these rules work no matter what your age and stage of life. (最重要的是，无论你的年龄和生活阶段如何，这些规则都适用。)”解释这些规则的重要作用，F项“But you can follow some simple rules to guide your life. (但你可以遵循一些简单的规则来指导你的生活。)”符合语境，提出可以遵循一些指导生活的规则，和前文形成转折，引出后文的重要作用，选项中的rules和后文的rules是同词复现。故选F。
17．空处是段落标题，需统领段落内容，并和其他段落标题一样使用祈使句的形式。后文“Mean is easy; kind is hard. Once we reached eighth grade, many of us got the idea that the nasty put-down (无礼的贬低), the superior smile, and the clever one-liner are the signs of intelligence and great personal strength. But this kind of cleverness is like “playing the game on easy mode.” Making yourself feel bigger by making someone else feel small takes so little skill that 12-year-olds can do it. (刻薄容易，善良很难。上了八年级后，我们中的许多人都认为，无礼的贬低、高高在上的微笑和聪明的俏皮话是聪明和强大的个人力量的标志。但这种聪明就像是“在简单模式下玩游戏”。通过让别人感到渺小来让自己感觉更伟大，这几乎不需要什么技巧，12岁的孩子都能做到。)”说明应摒弃刻薄，坚守善良，并解释自以为是的刻薄并非聪明和真正的强大，B项“First and foremost, be kind. (首先，要善良。)”符合语境，建议要善良，引出后文内容。故选B。
18．前文“Mastery is boredom. (精通就是无聊。)”说明总是做精通的事情会导致无聊，后文“And we hate feeling like fools. So we keep ourselves bored in order to protect ourselves from being stupid. (我们讨厌感觉自己像傻瓜。所以我们让自己感到无聊，以保护自己不变得愚蠢。)”解释因为讨厌像傻瓜的感觉，人总是做精通的事，D项“Unfortunately, we enjoy feeling like masters. (不幸的是，我们喜欢当大师的感觉。)”符合语境，说明人喜欢当大师的感觉，和前文形成转折，引出后文的解释，选项中的masters呼应前文的Mastery，feeling like和后文的feeling like是同词复现。故选D。
19．前文“Nine times out often, you’ll be bored and go home early. (经常外出九次，你就会觉得无聊，然后早早回家。)”描述外出大概率令人不满意，后文“It will pay you more than making up for those other wasted hours. (它会给你带来比弥补那些浪费的时间更多的回报。)”说明某个事物会带来收获，E项“But the tenth time, you will have a worthy experience. (但第十次，你会有一个有价值的经验。)”符合语境，说明可能会获得经验，与前文形成转折，引出后文的收获，选项中的the tenth time呼应前文的Nine times，选项中的a worthy experience是后文It指代的内容。故选E。
20．本段标题“Be grateful. (心存感激。)”建议心存感激，前文“You have been given 2 billion seconds on this planet, give or take. You won’t get a refund (退款) from the universe for the seconds you spent complaining about the unfairness. (在这个星球上你被给予了大约20亿秒的时间。你花在抱怨不公平上的时间是不会从宇宙那里得到退款的。)”说明人生很宝贵，不应当抱怨，G项“Therefore, you should be thankful no matter what happens in your life. (因此，无论生活中发生什么，你都应该心存感激。)”符合语境，强调要心存感激，呼应标题，承接前文。故选G。

21．B 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．A 27．C 28．D 29．D 30．B 31．A 32．C 33．D 34．B 35．A

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了Ferdous因为心脏问题无法自然分娩，当地医生无法做必要的手术，中国医疗救援团队的医生和护士提供了帮助，让她成功生下健康的宝宝Chin，长大后的Chin写信给习近平主席表达感激之情，并收到了回信，在主席的鼓励下，Chin励志学医，去帮助更多有需要的人。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想我的名字是孟加拉国和中国友谊的象征。A. presence存在；B. symbol象征；C. signal信号；D. proof证明。根据下文叙述的Chin的母亲因为心脏问题无法自然分娩，当地医生无法做所需的手术，中国的医生和护士提供了帮助，让她成功生下健康的宝宝可推知，Chin这个有点像中国人的名字是孟加拉国和中国友谊的象征。故选B。
22．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：由于严重的心脏问题，Chin的母亲Jannatul Ferdous无法自然分娩。A. pick up接机；B. hand over交接；C. give birth分娩；D. work out解决。根据下文“Chinese doctors and nurses that help me give birth to a healthy baby”可知，中国的医生和护士帮助Ferdous成功生下健康的宝宝，因此当时她是在分娩。故选C。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地医生无法做必需的手术。A. show显示；B. perform执行；C. follow跟随；D. load负荷。根据上文“a serious heart problem”和下文“the necessary surgery”可知，Ferdous因为心脏问题遇到了困难，因此需要做必需的手术，perform和surgery搭配，表示“做手术”。故选B。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，中国海军“和平方舟”号医院船即将抵达吉大港，为当地居民提供医疗服务。A. Luckily幸运的是；B. Originally最初地；C. Obviously显然地；D. Gradually逐渐地。根据下文“Chinese doctors and nurses that help me give birth to a healthy baby”可知，中国的医生和护士帮助Ferdous成功生下健康的宝宝，因此当时中国海军“和平方舟”号医院船即将到来是一件幸运的事情。故选A。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，中国海军“和平方舟”号医院船即将抵达吉大港，为当地居民提供医学治疗。A. transportation运输；B. shelter庇护所；C. budget预算；D. treatment治疗。根据下文“Chinese doctors and nurses that help me give birth to a healthy baby”可知，中国的医生和护士帮助Ferdous成功生下健康的宝宝，因此是提供医学治疗。故选D。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我们非常感恩中国医生和护士的努力，他们帮助我生下了一个健康的孩子。A. thankful感恩的；B. generous慷慨的；C. proud骄傲的；D. sympathetic同情的。根据下文“Chinese doctors and nurses that help me give birth to a healthy baby”可知，中国的医生和护士帮助Ferdous成功生下健康的宝宝，因此Ferdous一家会充满感恩。故选A。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，Chin给习近平主席写了一封信来表达她的感激之情。A. contribute贡献；B. supply供应；C. express表达；D. release释放。根据上文中国的医生和护士帮助Ferdous成功生下健康的宝宝，以及下文“Chin wrote a letter to President Xi Jinping”可推知，Chin给习近平主席写信的目的是表达她的感激之情。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：让这家人惊喜的是，习近平主席给他们回了信。A. relief宽慰；B. embarrassment尴尬；C. credit赞扬；D. surprise惊喜。根据下文“Xi wrote back”可知，习近平主席给他们回了信，因此会让一家人很惊喜。故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在信中，习近平主席鼓励她努力学习，追求自己的梦想，传承中孟两国的传统友谊。A. called打电话；B. offered提供；C. fought战斗；D. encouraged鼓励。根据下文“her to study hard, pursue her dream and carry forward the ____10____ friendship between China and Bangladesh”可知，习近平主席对Chin表达了期许，努力学习，追求梦想，传承友谊都是鼓励的内容。故选D。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在信中，习近平主席鼓励她努力学习，追求自己的梦想，传承中孟两国的传统友谊。A. temporary临时的；B. traditional传统的；C. unique独特的；D. contemporary同时代的。根据下文“friendship between China and Bangladesh”和常识可知，中国和孟加拉国之间有深厚的文化渊源，因此两国之间有传统的友谊。故选B。
31．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：为了不辜负习近平主席的期望，我将学习医学，帮助那些有需要的人。A. live up to不辜负；B. figure out弄清楚；C. make up for弥补；D. account for解释。根据下文“I will study medical science to help those in need”可知，Chin计划学医，帮助那些有需要的人，因此是想不辜负习近平主席在信中表达的对她的期望。故选A。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们没期待过我们的女儿会收到中国国家主席的信。A. agree同意；B. exhibit展示；C. expect期待；D. charge指控。根据下文“our daughter would receive the letter from the Chinese president”和常识可知，普通人通常很难收到国家领导人的信，因此这家人没有期待过Chin会收到习近平主席的回信。故选C。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我们生命中最不可思议的事情。A. unnecessary不必要的；B. unavoidable不可避免的；C. uneventful平淡无奇的；D. unbelievable不可思议的。根据上文“Xi wrote back”和常识可知，习近平主席给他们回了信，这是非常难得的事，因此会是他们生命中最不可思议的事情。故选D。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们看到，世界各国人民通过医疗援助加深了对中国的了解。A. benefit利益；B. assistance援助；C. concern关注；D. agreement协议。根据上文叙述的中国的医生和护士给Ferdous提供了帮助，让她成功生下健康的宝宝可推知，此处指中国提供的医疗援助。故选B。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对当地居民来说，中国是一个负责任、爱好和平、乐于助人的大国。A. helpful乐于助人的；B. grateful感激的；C. wealthy富有的；D. creative有创造力的。根据上文叙述的中国的医生和护士给Ferdous提供了帮助，让她成功生下健康的宝宝可推知，此处指中国乐于助人。故选A。

36．To save 37．a 38．Videos 39．praising 40．healthy 41．appeals 42．and 43．less 44．where 45．convenience

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。中国大学生中出现了一种名为“特种兵式旅游”的旅游方式，这种旅游方式是一种预算旅游，吸引了特定群体的人。这种旅游类型的出现，旅行者愿意为经济实惠和便利而牺牲舒适和奢华。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了省钱，他们通常在周五晚上乘坐普通列车，周六早上到达目的地城市，在城里自由旅行，周六在一家24小时营业的餐馆睡几个小时，然后在周日重复同样繁忙的日程，然后在周一早上及时返回学校上课。分析句子，句中hop为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处表示目的作状语，故使用非谓语动词。同时该空置于句首，首字母大写。故填To save。
37．考查冠词。句意：同上。表示“一家24小时营业的餐馆”，为泛指，同时24-hour首字母发音为辅音，用不定冠词a。故填a。
38．考查名词。句意：他们旅行的视频在社交媒体平台上走红，许多网友称赞他们的精力和执行计划的能力。分析句子，设空处使用名词作主语，此处表示复数意义用videos。同时该空置于句首，首字母大写。故填Videos。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。句中宾语netizens与非谓语动词praise之间是主动关系，句中构成with的复合结构，即with sb. doing sth.的结构，该结构中使用现在分词作宾补结构。故填praising。
40．考查形容词。句意：然而，也有人质疑如此繁忙的日程是否健康。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语，healthy意为“健康的”，符合语境。故填healthy。
41．考查时态。句意：根据教授们的说法，“特种兵式”旅行的趋势本质上是一种吸引特定人群的穷游形式。分析句子，设空处使用动词作that引导定语从句的谓语动词，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，从句主语that指代先行词a form of budget travel，从句主语单数，从句谓语单数形式。故填appeals。
42．考查连词。句意：据报道，对于许多预算和时间有限的大学生来说，探索世界和独立旅行的愿望是一个基本动机。分析句子，此处使用连词连接explore the world和travel independently，此处表示并列关系，用并列连词and。故填and。
43．考查形容词。句意：这些年轻的旅行者不太关心深度体验，而是更专注于在他们的行程中查看热门的旅游目的地。分析句子，根据后文的more可知，此处使用的是little的比较级形式。故填less。
44．考查定语从句。句意：这导致了一种旅游类型的出现，在这种类型的旅游中，旅游者愿意牺牲舒适和奢华，以换取负担得起和方便。设空处引导的是限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词tourism，表示“在这种旅游中”，用关系副词where。故填where。
45．考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用不可数名词convenience作宾语，与名词affordability构成并列结构。故填convenience。
46．Dear Mr. Brown,
Hearing that you’re leaving China soon, I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude.
Never ever will I forget the precious moments we spent together and the great help you gave me, whether in study or life. I can well remember there was a time when I had trouble in learning English. It is you who helped me and taught me how to grasp the basic skills of learning English, especially in listening and pronunciation. But for your patient and generous assistance, I wouldn’t have made such progress in English.
Words fail to express my thanks. Wish you a happy life and a pleasant journey!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。由于外教老师Mr Brown即将回国深造，要求考生写一封亲笔信给他，来表达心声。
【详解】1.词汇积累
诚挚的：sincere→genuine
感激：gratitude → appreciation
帮助：help→assistance
愉快的：pleasant→ delightful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Hearing that you’re leaving China soon, I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude.
拓展句：Because I hear that you’re leaving China soon, I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 I can well remember there was a time when I had trouble in learning English. （运用了when引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】But for your patient and generous assistance, I wouldn’t have made such progress in English.（运用了虚拟语气结构）
47．One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
On the performance day, I felt nervous as her turn neared. After a series of performances, it was finally my sister’s turn to step onto the stage. When the blinding spotlights hit her, a lump formed in my throat. She avoided direct eye contact with the audience, and spent a whole minute just announcing her name and class, making people restless and causing a ripple of whispers to spread across the room. Seeing her struggle up there, a wave of concern washed over me and my palms began to sweat. I decided to do something to help her regain confidence.
Paragraph 2:
I stood up, gestured, and called out, “Start your song, sister! You can do it!” Our eyes met and I could see a spark of surprise light up in her eyes. Inspired by my words, she began her song with a unique melody written by herself. Her voice, surprisingly amazing and powerful, filled the room. The song stirred my past memories with my sister. Despite my embarrassment and unwillingness, she had always forgiven me. The audience’s thunderous applause snapped me back. Overwhelmed with a sense of pride and respect, I was eager to introduce my amazing sister to everyone I knew.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，得益于父母的努力，作者拥有一个平静的童年，在十岁之前都没有察觉到自己姐姐与众不同的事实——她患有阿斯伯格综合征。到了十岁的时候，作者逐渐察觉到这种不同，自己有正常的社交生活，而姐姐在社交互动方面有困难。因为无法忍受别人奇怪的眼神，作者虽然和姐姐在同一所学校，但没有公开承认过自己和姐姐的关系。小学六年级即将毕业的时候，姐姐必须参与毕业表演，因为社交困难，她决定独唱一首自己写的歌。作者觉得这样会让自己很难堪，于是提出反对，但父母支持她的决定。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“演出那天，即将轮到她的时候，我感到很紧张。”可知，第一段可描写姐姐演出时遇到的困难，以及观众的反应和作者的心理。
②由第二段首句内容“我站起来，做了个手势，大声喊道：‘开始唱歌吧，姐姐！你能做到的！’”可知，第二段可描写姐姐听到作者鼓励后成功的演出，以及作者事后的感悟和体会。
2. 续写线索：将轮到姐姐表演——姐姐遇到困难——观众反应、作者心理——作者鼓励——姐姐成功表演——作者感受
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①出现：form/appear/emerge
②避免：avoid/escape/evade
③宣告：announce/report/state
④导致：cause/bring about/give rise to
情绪类
①坐立不安的：restless/uneasy/edgy/fidgety
②担忧：concern/worry/anxiety
【点睛】[高分句型1] She avoided direct eye contact with the audience, and spent a whole minute just announcing her name and class, making people restless and causing a ripple of whispers to spread across the room. (现在分词短语making…和causing…作结果状语)
[高分句型2] Inspired by my words, she began her song with a unique melody written by herself. (过去分词短语Inspired…作原因状语、过去分词短语written…作melody的后置定语)
[高分句型3] Overwhelmed with a sense of pride and respect, I was eager to introduce my amazing sister to everyone I knew. (过去分词短语Overwhelmed…作伴随状语、关系代词who引导定语从句修饰先行词everyone并被省略)