【期末专题复习】（牛津译林版）2022-2023学年八年级英语下学期：专题11- 阅读理解之说明文（名校最新期末真题）（含解析）

这是一份【期末专题复习】（牛津译林版）2022-2023学年八年级英语下学期：专题11- 阅读理解之说明文（名校最新期末真题）（含解析），共17页。

牛津译林版八年级下学期期末复习查缺补漏冲刺满分
(名校最新期末真题)
专题11 阅读理解之说明文
（2022春·江苏镇江·八年级统考期末）Having a chance to compete (参赛) in the Olympics is not easy. Some athletes even change sports. They compete in both summer and winter Olympic events.
Athletes
Events
Careers
Montell Douglas 36, UK
Summer: 100m, 4×100m relay (接力赛)Winter: bobsleigh (雪车)
In 2008, Douglas competed in her first Olympics at the Bird’s Nest stadium as a sprinter (短跑运动员). Now, she’s back as part of a two-woman bobsleigh team. She joined the British bobsleigh team in 2016 and went to the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics as a reserve (替补队员). But in Beijing she actually competed. “You’re never too old or too late. You should always dream and dream big.” she said.
Nathan Crumpton 36, American Samoa
Summer: 100mWinter: skeleton (钢架雪车)
Do you remember the shirtless flag bearer (旗手) at the Opening Ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympics? He is Nathan Crumpton, the only one who stands for of American Samoa at the Games.He competed in the 100m at the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics. He said, “It’s a great honor to take part in two Olympic Games in less than one year.” Crumpton won American Samoa’s first gold medal in skeleton at the 2019 North American Cup.
Ayumu Hirano 23, Japan
Summer: skateboardingWinter: snowboarding
Ayumu Hirano won the Japanese National Skateboarding Championship in 2019. After his Olympic skateboarding show in Tokyo 2020, he continued to challenge himself in snowboarding events.Hirano grew up riding on his father’s own skate park ramps (坡道). This helped with his snowboarding skills. He won his first World Cup. Speaking of the Beijing 2022 games, he said, “I want to express myself in a way that only I can.”
1．Which part of the newspaper is this article most probably taken from?
A．FASHION B．SPORTS C．SCIENCE D．EDUCATION
2．How do they feel about competing in both summer and winter Olympic events?
A．Surprised and worried. B．Serious and nervous.
C．Cheerful and thankful. D．Confident and proud.
3．What can we learn from the table?
A．Hirano’s father acted as his snowboarding coach.
B．Douglas didn’t complete in the Olympic events until 2022.
C．Hirano achieved great success in both skateboarding and snowboarding.
D．Crumpton won his first gold medal in skeleton in the Beijing Winter Olympics.

（2022春·江苏镇江·八年级统考期末）COVID-19 is still spreading around the planet. This year’s Earth Day focuses on climate (气候) change. Scientists agree that climate change is causing harm to the world in the form of bad weather and natural disasters. Will climate change lead to more disease outbreaks in the future?
The answer is a possible “yes”. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), studies have shown that a warming Earth is causing more infectious (传染性的) diseases.
Malaria (疟疾), a serious and sometimes deadly disease, is mainly spread by mosquitoes (蚊子). Climate change results in more heat waves and floods, which provide perfect conditions for mosquitoes to breed (繁殖). In India, for example, the warmer climate has increased the risk by about five times. Studies also suggest that global increases in temperature will drive disease—carrying insects from the equator (赤道) to the north. This means some diseases like malaria or dengue fever (登革热) may move into new areas, such as Europe.
Deforestation (滥伐森林), a major cause of climate change, has something to do with infectious diseases, according to Nature. In places such as Central and West Africa, there have been serious deforestation and losses of living areas for bats (蝙蝠). These bats have started living closer to humans, which increases the possibility of Ebola (埃博拉) outbreaks.
As ice keeps melting (融化) into water, diseases that lie under the ice may also come back. In 2016, a city in northern Russia saw an outbreak of anthrax (炭疽) during a heat wave. Scientists believe the virus came out from the frozen soil because of rising temperatures. About 90 people were infected, the New York Times reported.
What can we do to “cool” Earth?
Governments can
²Put a tax (税) or fee on carbon emissions.
²Advise using clean energy, such as wind and sun energy.
²Make policies and laws to protect the environment.
You can
²Turn off electronic devices, such as computers and TVs when you aren’t using them.
²Take a walk, ride a bike or take public transportation as much as you can.
²Buy products that are energy-efficient.
4．What kind of harm may be caused by climate change?
A．Deforestation. B．Energy shortage. C．Transportation cost. D．Bad weather and natural disasters.
5．What does the underline word “This” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．The rising temperatures help mosquitoes to breed. B．Serious diseases can only stay alive in northern areas.
C．Insects help spread some serious diseases to the north. D．High temperatures make a difference to the looks of insects.
6．What is TRUE according to the passage?
A．An outbreak of anthrax resulted from the frozen soil.
B．The climate change does little harm to the people’s health.
C．Bats act as a way for diseases to spread because of the deforestation.
D．This year’s Earth Day advises people to stop the spread of the diseases.
7．The purpose of this article is to________.
A．explain the possible diseases under the warmer climate
B．introduce how to save energy and protect the environment
C．express the writer’s ideas about what leads to the climate change
D．warn people of diseases the warmer climate brings and offer some advice

（2022春·江苏淮安·八年级校考期末）Have you ever heard of a famous charity called Operation Smile? We hope we can help you understand how we are trying to help children all over the world.

Operation Smile was started by a doctor and Operation Smile his wife. In 1982, together with some volunteers, they went to Philippines to help children who bad holes in their lips or inside their mouths. It was very difficult for them to eat and drink. These volunteers worked very hard. But they worried that they could not carry on with the work because they were short of money. Then they decided to start a charity so that they could help these needy children. They called it Operation Smile.
Operation Smile works in more than twenty developing countries and has cured over 300,000 children who have problems with their mouths. Operation Smile has won many prizes for its work and in 1999 they even started a special event called “The Journey of Hope”. 5,000 children in 18 countries were cured during the event.
On the other hand, Operation Smile trains local doctors and nurses in developing countries so that they can continue to help children when Operation Smile has left. As to the children with much more serious problems, they will send them to the USA for further treatment.
So show your kindness to the needy children now. You can send your donation to Operation Smile at local banks. Many thanks from the children who can smile now will come to you.
8．What is Operation Smile?
A．A bank. B．A hospital. C．A school. D．A charity.
9．Children who had holes in their lips or inside their mouths have problems with ________.
A．eating and drinking B．walking and running
C．starting a charity D．working as a volunteer
10．How many children were cured during the event “The Journey of Hope” in 1999?
A．18. B．1982. C．5,000. D．300,000.
11．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A．the doctor and his wife B．children who have too serious problems
C．local doctors and nurses D．people who work in developing countries
12．What does the writer ask us to do?
A．To be a doctor of Operation Smile. B．To be a volunteer in Philippines.
C．To offer money to local banks. D．To donate money to Operation Smile.

（2022春·江苏宿迁·八年级统考期末）March 16 is International Sleep Day. And we should all celebrate the act of sleeping. Researchers say sleep is probably the best tool we have for memory and learning. But what about getting rest during the middle of the day?
A recent study on napping(小睡) says short periods of sleep may help our brains work better. Past studies have shown that napping can help babies and young children learn better. And napping can help brain performance in older adults. Taking a nap may also help this group of people fight off memory loss because of the increase in their age.
Many Americans do nap. But one-third of all adults in the United States are also chronically(长期的) tired, says the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It found that 50 million to 70 million Americans have chronic sleep disorders. However, they seem to be unwilling to tell people that they take a nap. They may think that napping shows they are weak or they don’t have enough energy. It is not an uncommon opinion that only children, the very old, sick or lazy people nap. In fact, Americans sometimes do a very strange thing. Some people brag about how few hours of sleep they need each night to show that they are somehow stronger than the average human-superhuman, if you will. However, that may be changing. Many offices now offer napping rooms and napping cafes(咖啡馆) are appearing in many U.S. cities, including Washington, D．C． Remember that an hour long nap may be too long for young, healthy adults. It is Recommended that 30 minutes is enough to remove the pressure(压力) to sleep and will help people feel more awake. If people nap longer, they will get trapped into deep sleep, which can be hard to get out of. If you have trouble falling asleep at night, limit your daytime nap to under 45 minutes. Also nap before 3 p.m.
13．Who are “this group of people” in Paragraph 2?
A．The babies. B．The children. C．The older adults. D．The young people.
14．The underlined word “brag” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A．chat sadly B．talk proudly C．whisper secretly D．speak politely
15．For a young man with sleep problems, it is good to _________.
A．take a 40-minute-long noon nap B．take a nap whenever he feels sleepy
C．take an one-hour-long nap after dinner D．take a 30-minute-long nap in the evening
16．Why are some Americans unwilling to tell people that they take a nap?
A．Because 50 million to 70 million Americans have chronic sleep disorders.
B．Because it may make them seem weak.
C．Because it is common for Americans to take a nap.
D．Because only the old, the sick and children need a nap.

（2022春·江苏宿迁·八年级统考期末）Do you know how to cook, clean or grow plants? If not, you will soon. These will all be part of Chinese public education starting this fall.
A new standard (标准) for labor r education recently came out. Students in primary and middle school will have at least one class a week to try and experience different kinds of labor and learn different life skills and even job skills. The standard includes different tasks for each grade. For example, fifth- and sixth-graders learn to cook two or three common dishes, like fried eggs or scrambled eggs with tomato.
This move is to make Chinese students, life colourful and build their character (品行) through labor. Chinese school education didn’t pay enough attention (重视) to this in the past. According to a 2019 report, Chinese kids only do 12 minutes of practical activity each day, while US kids do 1.2 hours each day, China Daily reported.
The standard also asks families to take part in students’ labor education. They will help students become good at doing all kinds of housework.
Students should learn housework skills. Also, they will have a chance to try new technologies (技术) like 3D printing and laser cutting. And they will learn to make traditional things by hand.
17．According to the new standard for labor education, students in primary and middle school will ________.
A．have classes on weekends.
B．learn different life skills at school.
C．cook their own lunches at school.
D．write their own learning standards.
18．If Cao Qiang is a student in Grade 5, he will learn to ________ soon.
A．get all life skills B．try new technologies
C．cook two or three common dishes D．make traditional things by hand
19．The underlined word “this” in the third paragraph refers to ________.
A．labor education B．public education C．school education D．family education
20．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．A simple way of labor education
B．Family education for students
C．Labor education to get job skills
D．A new standard for labor education

（2022春·江苏宿迁·八年级统考期末）
Shortly after the Shenzhou XIII crew (全体组员) returned to Earth in April, the door of Tiangong space station opened again! On June 5, it welcomed another three Chinese astronauts—Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe.
This is China’s Shenzhou XIVmission, the ninth manned spaceflight (载人航天飞行) for China, according to China Daily. The astronauts will stay 400 kilometers above the Earth for six months. During the Shenzhou XIII mission on Tiangong, astronauts tested many key technologies. This was to help the proper “construction team (施工队)”, the Shenzhou XIV crew, to complete the bulking of Tiangong.
The crew have a busy schedule (时间表). They will work with ground controllers to connect the Wentian and Mengtian space labs (实验室) with the Tianhe core module (核心舱). Wentian will be launched (发射) in July and Mengtian in October. Astronauts will use a robotic arm to move the labs to their final position. “There will likely be technical uncertainties that the astronauts may have to deal with,” said Pang Zhihao, who worked at the China Academy of Space Technology. Once completed, the station will form a T-shaped structure.
The crew will also enter the two space labs for the first time. They will install equipment (安装仪器) and do scientific experiments. They will also do two to three spacewalks. We can also look forward to fun lectures given by the astronauts!
When their mission is completed around the end of this year, the Tiangong space station will become fully operational. The crew will meet another three astronauts from the Shenzhou XV mission. The six astronauts will work together for five to 10 days inside Tiangong, before the Shenzhou XIV crew fly back to Earth in December.
The Tiangong space station is expected to operate (工作) for up to 15 years, officials said, noting that it will also be open to foreign astronauts.
21．The underlined word “mission” in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A．important task B．travel experience
C．difficult competition D．useful survey
22．How will the two space labs be moved to their final position?
A．By the crew of Shenzhou XIII and Shenzhou XIV.
B．By an AI robot sent to space.
C．By a robotic arm used by the astronauts.
D．By ground controllers using machines on Earth.
23．When will the Shenzhou XV crew be sent to space?
A．This June. B．At the end of this year. C．This April. D．In June next year.
24．We can read this article from ________.
A．a comic book B．a novel C．a play D．a newspaper

（2022春·江苏宿迁·八年级统考期末）As an English saying goes “Where there’s tea, there’s hope.” A Chinese saying goes that “Firewood, rice, cooking oil, salt, sauce, vinegar (醋) and tea are the seven necessary things to begin a day.”
Tea is popular all over the world. It is said that nearly 5.8 million tons of tea was produced around the world in 2018. In Turkey (土耳其), tea has become the most popular hot drink. This is because that coffee costs have risen and tea has become a cheaper drink. People in Ireland drink cups of hot tea to get through the grey, foggy winters. Tea drinking in the UK began in the eighteenth century. Traders introduced the drink from China as something very expensive. But now tea is a common drink in the UK.
In order to celebrate the popular drink, the United Nations has designated (指定) May 21 as International Tea Day. This year, many countries celebrated the first International Tea Day, including China.
According to the UN, tea is more than a hot drink. It’s a big part of many cultures around the world. You probably know that people in China use top-grade tea to show respect when receiving important guests. The British tradition of afternoon tea is an important part of that country’s culture.
In some other countries, tea is also offered during gatherings and talks.
In addition to (除了) its cultural importance, tea is also a medicine. It has been used from old times to modern day. “Tea is cold and lowers the fire.” Chinese Ming Dynasty herbalist (草药师) Li Shizhen once said. It is also found today that tea can prevent heart disease and so on.
Hot or cold, bagged or loose-leaf, tea is not just a drink. It’s a social custom (习俗) and also a magic medicine, a link (联系) to the past and a way of life.
25．The two sayings used in the first paragraph is ________the UK and China.
A．to show the long history of tea in
B．to show the importance of tea in
C．to tell us the time of drinking tea in
D．to tell the differences between
26．Which of the following about tea is true?
A．In Turkey, tea is more expensive than coffee.
B．In Ireland, people drink tea to keep cool in winter.
C．In the UK, tea is only enjoyed by rich people.
D．In China, tea has been used as medicine for long.
27．The writer writes the passage (文章) mainly to introduce _________.
A．different kinds of tea B．old sayings of tea
C．important uses of tea D．the first International Tea Day

（2022春·江苏扬州·八年级统考期末）Tomatoes taste great. With a lot of vitamins, they are good for you, too! People all over the world enjoy this amazing fruit.
Not all tomatoes are red. They can be yellow, orange, pink, or white. All tomatoes are green before they are ready to be picked. Then the tomatoes turn their true color. That’s when they’re ready to eat!
Tomatoes first grew in the Americas. The Incas (印加人) grew them over 1,000 years ago. They were introduced to Europe by the Spanish in the early 16th century. The Spanish and Italians seem to be the first Europeans to accept them as food. In France, people grew tomatoes in the garden just to enjoy their beauty. Many people there thought tomatoes would make them sick. It was years before some of them would eat tomatoes.
Tomatoes are fruits. They grow from seeds. They won’t grow in cold weather. But with water, sunlight and warmth, tomatoes grow fast. They can grow in pots or in the ground. As the plant grows taller, people may tie it to a stick. Next is the blooming stage. Flowers appear. The flowers turn into fruit. Some kinds of tomatoes can be picked in about six more weeks. Some tomatoes are large. One kind of tomato can weigh as much as two pounds.
You can eat raw tomatoes. First, wash them. Then, cut them up for salads or sandwiches. Tomatoes can be cooked, too. They can be grilled, boiled, or even fried. Do you use ketchup(番茄酱)? It is made from tomatoes. Tomatoes don’t have a smell. But they taste great in foods around the world. Many dishes from India use tomatoes. Spaghetti sauce and pizza from Italy use them, too. Raw tomatoes are in Mexican salsa.
28．What can we know from Paragraph 3?
A．The Incas grew tomatoes in the 16th century.
B．The Italians introduced tomatoes to Europe.
C．Eating tomatoes could make people sick.
D．The Frenchmen didn’t eat tomatoes at first.
29．From the passage, we know that tomatoes ________.
A．come in different colors B．are a kind of small fruits
C．can grow in all weathers D．have a special sweet smell
30．What does the underlined word “raw” in Paragraph 5 meaning?
A．煮过的 B．未煮的 C．美味的 D．酸涩的
31．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
A． B． C． D．

（2022春·江苏南通·八年级统考期末）Among all the books I have read so far, one of my favourites is Number the Stars, written by the American author Lois Lowry.

The book is set in 1943 during the Holocaust（大屠杀）. It took place three days after Denmark surrendered（投降）to Germany. Around this time, the Nazi（纳粹）began to “relocate” the Jews（犹太人）they had caught in Denmark.
The book’s main character, 10-year-old Annemarie, lives in Denmark. Her good friend, 10-year-old Ellen Rosen, comes from a Jewish family. Word has spread that Nazis are going to “relocate” the Jews living in Denmark. Luckily, Sweden, unoccupied by the Nazis, makes an ideal place for the Jews to run away to. It’s time for Annemarie to work up her courage（勇气）in order to help her good friend out. Will she and her family risk their lives for the Rosens? You will know the answer by reading the novel for yourself.
Through the reading of Number the Stars, I realized the importance of friendship. Without their strong friendship with the Danish people, the Jews couldn’t have outsmarted the Nazis. But true friendships don’t only appear in books. They are actually all around us. Good friends help each other in many situations, from those that are as small as solving a maths problem to those as big as the one in Number the Stars. I have many great friends who have always been with me and helped me to deal with the difficulties I have met in my life. I should value it all my life.
32．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．Number the Stars was written by a Jewish
B．the story happened in the forties of the 20th century
C．Lois Lowry is the book’s main character
D．Annemarie comes from a Jewish family in Sweden
33．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．Annemarie and her family may face much danger
B．Annemarie and her family will surrender to the Nazis
C．Annemarie will escape to Sweden instead of Ellen Rosen
D．Annemarie will help her friends escape to the USA easily
34．The last paragraph of the article is mainly about ________.
A．why the Jews are cleverer than the Nazis
B．why the writer decided to write the article
C．bow the writer gets on with his/her friends
D．what the writer has learnt from the book

（2022春·江苏南通·八年级统考期末）Have you been finding yourself in hot water with just about everyone in your life? Have your parents got angry with you because you didn’t clean up your room even after they had repeatedly told you to do so? Have your teachers been criticizing you for not handing in your homework on time? Maybe you are even in trouble with yourself. Are you yawning (打哈欠) all the time? Do the things that used to interest you no longer make you feel good?
Did you answer “yes” to some or even all of these questions? Do you consider yourself to be a gamer? If so, then maybe it’s time to turm off your computer and read this article carefully.
More and more study has proved that too much gaming can change your brain structure (构造). It can also lead to some physical illnesses that will remain with you for a lifetime. Your love for games is taking away your freedom to control your own future. This is not a joke!
Luckily, there are ways for you to help yourself so that you can start feeling good about your life again. The first step is to accept that you’ve got a problem. You can say this to your friends. Next, spend some time learning about what is happening inside your brain as a result of too much gaming. Think about how you feel when you are playing your favorite games. As soon as you win a round, do your hands move to start a new game without you even thinking about it? This is a clear sign of addiction (上瘾) — a brain disease.
In order to fight this disease, you may have to give up playing a particular game. Limit the amount of time you spend on gaming (the new national rules may be just what you need). You can also get help from your friends. They can, for example, help you to take up some new hobbies.
The teen brain is very flexible: it can repair itself. The key, however, is whether you are willing enough to give the chance to do so.
It is time to click “____*____”.
35．What is the underlined phrase “in hot water with” in the passage similar to?
A．get into trouble with B．have fun with
C．be popular with D．be honest with
36．According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A．A good gamer doesn’t have a clear sign of addiction.
B．Too much gaming can cause some lifelong illnesses.
C．The love for games can help you control your future.
D．Once you have a game addiction, it can’t be cured.
37．Who is the article probably written for?
A．Teachers. B．Parents. C．Teenagers. D．Doctors.
38．Which is the best choice for “__*___” in the last sentence?
A．Back B．Start C．Quit (退出) D．Update (更新)


参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了3位运动员，不仅参加了夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会，而且还是通过不同的运动项目参加的。
1．推理判断题。根据“Having a chance to compete (参赛) in the Olympics is not easy. Some athletes even change sports. They compete in both summer and winter Olympic events.”可知，运动员、奥运赛等等都是和运动相关的内容。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“You’re never too old or too late. You should always dream and dream big.”“It’s a great honor to take part in two Olympic Games in less than one year.”以及“I want to express myself in a way that only I can.”可知，他们充满了自信和骄傲。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“Ayumu Hirano won the Japanese National Skateboarding Championship in 2019.”，和“This helped with his snowboarding skills. He won his first World Cup. ”可知，在这两个领域中都获得了很好的奖项。故选C。
4．D 5．C 6．C 7．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了气候变化引起的自然灾害和疾病对人类的影响，作者为应对气候变化提出了建议。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists agree that climate change is causing harm to the world in the form of bad weather and natural disasters.”可知，气候变化会造成恶劣天气及自然灾害。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Studies also suggest that global increases in temperature will drive disease—carrying insects from the equator (赤道) to the north. This means some diseases like malaria or dengue fever (登革热) may move into new areas, such as Europe.”可知，全球气温的升高将把携带疾病的昆虫从赤道带到北方。这意味着一些疾病，如疟疾或登革热，可能会转移到欧洲等新的地区。划线部分This指代“昆虫帮助将一些严重的疾病传播到北方”。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Deforestation (滥伐森林), a major cause of climate change…These bats have started living closer to humans, which increases the possibility of Ebola (埃博拉) outbreaks.”可知，由于砍伐森林，蝙蝠的栖息地减少，它们会越来越接近人类，成为疾病传播的途径。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了由于气候变化引起的各种自然疾病，并提出建议应对气候变化。故选D。
8．D 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．D

【导语】本文主要讲述了慈善机构——Operation Smile。
8．细节理解题。根据“Have you ever heard of a famous charity called Operation Smile?”可知，Operation Smile是一个慈善机构，故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据“It was very difficult for them to eat and drink.”可知，对他们来说，吃和喝是非常困难的。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据“5,000 children in 18 countries were cured during the event.”可知，在活动期间，18个国家的5000名儿童被治愈。故选C。
11．词句猜测题。根据“As to the children with much more serious problems, they will send them to the USA for further treatment.”可知，至于有更严重问题的孩子，他们会把他们送到美国接受进一步治疗。因此them代指“children who have too serious problems”，故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“You can send your donation to Operation Smile at local banks.”可知，你可以把你的捐款送到当地银行的微笑行动。故选D。
13．C 14．B 15．A 16．B

【导语】本文主要讲述了好的睡眠对于人们的重要性。
13．细节理解题。根据“And napping can help brain performance in older adults. Taking a nap may also help this group of people fight off memory loss because of the increase in their age.”（小睡有助于老年人的大脑表现。小睡也可以帮助这群人克服因年龄增长而导致的记忆力丧失。）可知this group of people指的是“老年人”，故选C。
14．词义猜测题。根据“Some people brag about how few hours of sleep they need each night to show that they are somehow stronger than the average human-superhuman, if you will. ”（如果你愿意的话，有些人会……自己每晚只需要几个小时的睡眠就可以证明自己比一般的人类超人更强壮）结合选项可知此处的brag表示“骄傲地说”，故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据“If you have trouble falling asleep at night, limit your daytime nap to under 45 minutes. Also nap before 3 p.m.”（如果你晚上难以入睡，把白天的小睡时间限制在45分钟以下。下午3点前也要打个盹。）可推断出对于有睡眠问题的年轻人来说，午睡40分钟是很好的，故选A。
16．细节理解题。根据“However, they seem to be unwilling to tell people that they take a nap. They may think that napping shows they are weak or they don’t have enough energy.”（然而，他们似乎不愿意告诉人们他们在午睡。他们可能认为午睡表明他们虚弱或没有足够的精力。）可知有些美国人不愿意告诉别人他们午睡是因为这会让他们看起来很虚弱。故选B。
17．B 18．C 19．A 20．D

【导语】本文主要介绍了今年秋天开始，劳动教育将成为中国教育的一部分，并列举了中小学生需要掌握的技能。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“Students in primary and middle school will have at least one class a week to try and experience different kinds of labor and learn different life skills and even job skills.”可知，根据新的劳动教育标准，中小学生将在学校学习不同的生活技能，故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段“For example, fifth- and sixth-graders learn to cook two or three common dishes, like fried eggs or scrambled eggs with tomato.”可知，如果曹强是五年级的学生，他很快就会学会做两三道普通菜，故选C。
19．词义猜测题。根据前一句“This move is to make Chinese students, life colourful and build their character through labor.”可知，这一举措是为了让中国学生的生活丰富多彩，并通过劳动塑造他们的性格，而过去中国的学校教育对这一点重视不够，所以句中的this指的是“劳动教育”，故选A。
20．最佳标题题。根据文中“A new standard for labor r education recently came out. ”可知，本文介绍了新的劳动教育标准，所以选项D“劳动教育新标准”是最佳标题，故选D。
21．A 22．C 23．B 24．D

【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的航天发展情况以及神舟十四号的任务。
21．词义猜测题。根据“This is China’s Shenzhou XIVmission, the ninth manned spaceflight (载人航天飞行) for China, according to China Daily”可知，这是神舟十四号的任务，所以mission表示“任务”，与“important task”同义，故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据“Astronauts will use a robotic arm to move the labs to their final position”可知，使用机械臂将实验室移动到最终位置，故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据“When their mission is completed around the end of this year, the Tiangong space station will become fully operational. The crew will meet another three astronauts from the Shenzhou XV mission”可推断，神舟十五号的成员在年底的时候被送往太空，故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据“This is China’s Shenzhou XIV mission, the ninth manned spaceflight (载人航天飞行) for China, according to China Daily”可推断，本文是来自报纸，故选D。
25．B 26．D 27．C

【导语】本文讲述了茶在世界各地非常受欢迎。茶不仅仅是饮料，它是世界上许多文化的重要组成部分，茶还可以作为药材。
25．推理判断题。根据“As an English saying goes ‘Where there’s tea, there’s hope.’ A Chinese saying goes that ‘Firewood, rice, cooking oil, salt, sauce, vinegar (醋) and tea are the seven necessary things to begin a day.’”可知，英国谚语说：“有茶的地方就有希望。”中国有句谚语说：“柴米油盐酱醋茶是开始一天的七件必要的事情。”这两句谚语告诉我们茶在英国和中国的重要性，故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据“‘Tea is cold and lowers the fire.’ Chinese Ming Dynasty herbalist (草药师) Li Shizhen once said.”可知，中国明代药师李时珍曾说过：“茶凉而降火。”因此推断在中国，茶作为药材已经有很长时间了。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据“Hot or cold, bagged or loose-leaf, tea is not just a drink. It’s a social custom (习俗) and also a magic medicine, a link (联系) to the past and a way of life.”可知，茶不仅仅是一种饮料，还是一种社会习俗，也是一种神奇的药物，是一种连接过去和生活方式的纽带。因此本文主要想要介绍茶的重要用途，故选C。
28．D 29．A 30．B 31．D

【导语】本文主要讲述了西红柿的颜色、发源地、生长周期和吃法。
28．细节理解题。根据“In France, people grew tomatoes in the garden just to enjoy their beauty. Many people there thought tomatoes would make them sick. It was years before some of them would eat tomatoes.”可知，法国人一开始不吃西红柿，故选D。
29．细节理解题。根据“Not all tomatoes are red. They can be yellow, orange, pink, or white.”可知，西红柿有不同的颜色，故选A。
30．词义猜测题。根据“You can eat raw tomatoes. First, wash them. Then, cut them up for salads or sandwiches.”可知，你可以吃生西红柿。首先洗干净。然后，把它们切碎，做成沙拉或三明治，所以单词“raw”指的是“生吃”，故选B。
31．篇章结构题。根据整个文章的理解可知，第一段总体指出全世界的人都喜欢西红柿；第二到五段分别介绍西红柿的不同方面的情况，包括颜色、种植以及吃法等，属于总分结构，故选D。
32．B 33．A 34．D

【导语】本文主要介绍了一部小说《数星星》，并且作者从这本书中学到了友谊的重要性。
32．细节理解题。根据“The book is set in 1943 during the Holocaust”可知故事发生在20世纪40年代。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据“Annemarie to work up her courage（勇气）in order to help her good friend out. Will she and her family risk their lives for the Rosens”可知如果他们冒险去帮助她的朋友，她的家人可能会面对很大的危险。故选A。
34．主旨大意题。根据“Through the reading of Number the Stars, I realized the importance of friendship”以及本段内容可知，本段主要讲述了作者从这本书中意识到朋友的重要性。故选D。
35．A 36．B 37．C 38．C

【导语】本文介绍了越来越多的研究证明玩太多游戏会改变大脑结构，详细地介绍了如何远离游戏。
35．词义猜测题。根据“Have your parents got angry with you because you didn’t clean up your room even after they had repeatedly told you to do so? Have your teachers been criticizing you for not handing in your homework on time? Maybe you are even in trouble with yourself.”可知，这里说的是自己遇到了一些麻烦的情况，所以前句指的是“是否发现自己和生活中的每个人都陷入了困境”，短语“in hot water with”指的是“陷入……的困境”，故选A。
36．细节理解题。根据“More and more study has proved that too much gaming can change your brain structure. It can also lead to some physical illnesses that will remain with you for a lifetime.”可知，玩游戏太多会导致终身疾病，故选B。
37．推理判断题。根据“The teen brain is very flexible: it can repair itself. The key, however, is whether you are willing enough to give the chance to do so.”可知，文章是建议青少年要少玩游戏，所以应该是写给青少年的，故选C。
38．推理判断题。根据“The teen brain is very flexible: it can repair itself. The key, however, is whether you are willing enough to give the chance to do so.”可知，青少年的大脑非常灵活:它可以自我修复。然而，关键是你是否足够愿意给这样的机会，即停止玩游戏的机会，所以接下来应该是建议退出游戏，故选C。