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Unit 1 Nature in the Balance单元综合检测-高一英语必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（译林）
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这是一份Unit 1 Nature in the Balance单元综合检测-高一英语必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（译林），共19页。
Unit 1 Nature in the Balance单元综合检测
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共30分，略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Most animals on land are known to us, but many living things underwater are not. Now let’s get to know some of them.
Sea cucumber
Sea cucumber are strange animals living at the bottom of the sea. They wear brown or pale green coats with many sticks up. When summer comes, they stay deep to sleep because they are afraid of heat. And when it is autumn, they move to shallow (浅的) water and get their food.
Pike
The pike is a kind of freshwater fish. They are good swimmers and like swimming near boats, waiting to be fed. They have sharp teeth to catch fishes. When they are young, they live in groups. However, when they grow up, they prefer to live alone.
Cuttlefish
A cuttlefish can swim quite fast, so it is also called rocket (火箭) fish. It has eight arms and two feelers on its head, just around its mouth. It ejects ink (喷墨) when it is in danger. Its meat is delicious, and it is often the first choice for many people.
Octopus
An octopus has long arms, with which to catch food and protect itself. When it is sleeping, one or two of its arms are still on duty, keeping moving. Once it feels something dangerous, it can wake up at once to take action.
1．Sea cucumbers stay deep to sleep in summer because they ________.
A．are afraid of high temperature B．want to get strong and fat
C．are afraid of their enemy D．want to live alone
2．According to the passage, ________ likes to swim near boats.
A．the sea cucumber B．the pike
C．the cuttlefish D．the octopus
3．What happens if a cuttlefish meets its enemy?
A．It rushes at the enemy at once. B．It cuts off one of its arms.
C．It bites with its sharp teeth. D．It ejects ink to the enemy.
B
This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life. It sounds like something out of a fairy tale, but it’s true!
71-year-old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an island village just outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lying on rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast. Joao rescued the penguin, naming it Din, cleaned the oil off its feathers and fed him a daily diet of fish to rebuild its strength. After a week of recovery, Joao attempted to release the penguin back into the wild. However, Din had already formed a family bond with his rescuer and wouldn’t leave.
“He stayed with me for 11 months and then, just after he changed his coat with new feathers, he disappeared,” Joao recalls. “I love the penguin like it’s my own child and I believe the penguin loves me,” Joao told Globo TV. “No one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks (啄) them if they do. He lies on my lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed him.”
Professor Krajewski, a biologist who interviewed the fisherman for Globo TV, told The Independent: “I have never seen anything like this before. I think the penguin believes Joao is part of his family and probably a penguin as well.”
However, environmentalists warn that, while hundreds of the Magellanic species are known to naturally migrate (迁徙) thousands of miles north in search of food, there has been a worrying rise in the phenomenon of oceanic creatures washing up on Brazil’s beaches. Professor David Zee from Rio de Janeiro’s State University, said the increase is due in part to global climatic changes. Professor Zee added that sea animals face increased danger from leaked tanker oil.
Luckily the ending for Joao and Din has been a happy one, even though it is illegal in Brazil to keep wild animals as pets.
Professor Krajewski said: “Professionals who work with animals try to avoid relationships like this occurring so they are able to reintroduce the animal into the wild. But in this single case the authorities allowed Din to stay with Joao because of his kindness.”
4．Every year Din swims a long distance to a beach in Brazil to ________.
A．avoid being killed B．meet his rescuer
C．escape from ocean currents(洋流) D．find much more fish
5．When Din was found in 2011, ________.
A．he was dying B．he was running on the beach
C．he was resting on a rock D．he was cleaning oil off his feathers
6．What can we learn about Joao from the passage?
A．He is not allowed to keep the penguin as a pet by the authorities(权威人士).
B．He overprotects the penguin by keeping him away from others.
C．His contact(接触) with the penguin is encouraged by professionals.
D．His kindness wins the penguin’s trust.
7．The story in the passage mainly shows ________.
A．the living habits of penguins
B．the love between humans and wildlife
C．increased danger from leaked tanker oil
D．the protection of threatened wildlife by mankind
C
The giant African land snail (an animal) has returned to Florida for a third time. The foreign species (物种) was first found in the state in 1969. It took seven years and $1 million to get rid of (清除) them . They reappeared in 2011 and were wiped out in 2021 at a cost of $23 million. On June 23, 2022, Florida officials reported that the snails had been found in the New Port Richey area of Pasco County.
To stop the snails from spreading to other areas, officials have asked Pasco County people to avoid moving any soil or yard waste and to report any sightings to a special hotline. Specially- trained dogs have also been brought in to find the snails. The areas where the snails have been found will be treated with special chemicals for 18 months. Florida officials also intend to monitor (监测) the sites for two years after the last snail has been found .
The various measures to get rid of the snails may seem too strict for most people. However, the giant African land snails are one of the most dangerous snails in the world. Without these measures, the result will be serious. The fist-sized snails are native to East Africa but can also be found in Hawaii and the Caribbean. They eat over 500 plant and tree species. While they prefer to eat fruits and vegetables, the animals are not picky. They will eat any plant! The animals also bring a serious health risk to humans by carrying the parasite rat lungworm, known to cause brain damage. The snails produce about 1, 200 eggs in a single year. This makes it stiff to control their population.
The officials are not sure how the snails got here this time, but they are confident the state will eventually get rid of them, because agriculture is such an important part of the economy in the state.
8．What are locals of Pasco County required to do with the snails?
A．Kill the snails they find. B．Keep dogs off the snails.
C．Report if finding the snails. D．Put the snails into earth.
9．How may the author like the measures to get rid of the snails?
A．Simple. B．Cost-saving. C．Necessary D．Out-of-date
10．What does the underlined word “stiff” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Possible. B．Hard. C．Interesting. D．Dangerous
11．What can be learned about the giant African land snail in Florida?
A．It can’t be easily dealt with. B．It is one of the native species.
C．It came with some tourists. D．It will spread all over the US.
D
To save endangered arctic wolves, the Beijing-based Sinogene Biotechnology Company cooperated with Harbin Polarland on cloning the arctic wolf. As a result, after two years of thorough efforts, the arctic wolf was cloned successfully. It is the first case of its kind in the world.
Born on June 10, 2022, the wolf, named Maya, is energetic and in very good health. Her donor cell came from the skin sample of a wild female arctic wolf, who had been introduced from Canada. However, her oocyte (卵母细胞) was from a female dog, and her surrogate mother (代孕母体) was a beagle. The selection of a dog as Maya’s surrogate was made because dogs share a genetic ancestor with ancient wolves, and it’s more likely to succeed through cloning technology.
“This is our new attempt and breakthrough in protecting and breeding (繁育) wild and endangered animals. The birth of the world’s first cloned arctic wolf is a milestone for the application of cloning technology and is of great significance to biodiversity, the protection of wildlife, and the restoration of endangered species in the world,” Mi Jidong, the company’s general manager, said.
Cloning technology is a breeding method different from natural reproduction. Some raised controversy relating to the cloned arctic wolf. Sun Quanhui, a scientist from the World Animal Protection organization, said that cloning technology is still in the exploratory stage of research, and there are many technical and ethical issues that need to be addressed and treated with caution. Sun believed cloning should be considered only for endangered wild animals whose species are extinct, or whose captive populations are very limited.
The cloned wolf now lives with her surrogate beagle in a lab, and later she will be delivered to the Harbin Polarland and displayed to the public. The cloned wolf would live by herself in the park in the initial stage because she may not be able to adapt to original arctic wolf groups. However, it is reported that the technology of cloning arctic wolves has gained strong value in its application, and another male cloned arctic wolf will come into this world in the near future.
12．What do we know about Maya?
A．She is in good condition.
B．She was born in Canada.
C．She is the first cloned animal in China.
D．She shares similar living habits with dogs.
13．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．The development of cloning technology.
B．The difficulties of maintaining biodiversity.
C．Scientists’ efforts to protect endangered animals.
D．The importance of the birth of the cloned arctic wolf.
14．What is Sun Quanhui’s attitude towards cloning technology?
A．Cautious. B．Confident.
C．Unclear. D．Disapproving.
15．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Maya was trained to live with wolf groups in the lab.
B．Another male arctic wolf is expected to be born soon.
C．Maya is favored by many visitors to the Harbin Polarland.
D．Cloning technology will be applied to more endangered species.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply(供应) in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead to less usable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. ____16____. It comes from underground.
The more roads and parking lots we pave, ____17____.
____18____. Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.
Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too. In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! ____19____. However, there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.____20____. To start with, use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher (洗碗机) only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your home. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.
A．Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages (短缺)
B．there is much we can do to reduce family size
C．Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers
D．You can take steps to save water in your home
E．This shows how much we depend on water to live
F．All water shortages are due to human behavior
G．the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A few years ago, I was leaving the dog kennel(养狗场) where I worked, only to find a baby goat at the end of the driveway. The kennel’s owners are animal rescuers, and I thought someone____21____him over the fence. The kid was____22____nervous but stood perfectly still as I got closer.
I’m an animal____23____and I’ve brought home dogs, cats, horses, chickens, and fish, but never a goat. The tiny kid was too____24____for me to leave it behind. I____25____him Quincy and bottle- fed him in my bathroom.
Quincy proved to be quite____26____. When he was about a week old, I tapped my fingers on the floor and said “____27____” I was amazed when he dropped down. I was even more amazed when he did it three times____28____. A quick study, Quincy learned to lie down, bow, and turn in a circle in no time. He knows the name of everything I feed him, and even joins us for____29____to the dog park.
I often take my dogs to shows where they can perform their_____30_____. Quincy did his first show at just six weeks old. He knew only a few tricks then, but he did them perfectly and never_____31_____or got nervous in front of the crowd. Now he’ll shake hooves, come when called, walk on a leash, wave, smile for the_____32_____( “Say cheese!” ), and more. Quincy and my dogs perform regularly at schools, nursing homes, and charity events. Quincy can even “read” his tricks off cue cards(提示卡), which always_____33_____the most applause(掌声).
The goat kid nobody_____34_____turned out to be one of the smartest animals I’ve had. He’s by far the sharpest of my bunch—just don’t tell the_____35_____!
21．A．hunted B．dropped C．caught D．attracted
22．A．gracefully B．officially C．obviously D．equally
23．A．keeper B．researcher C．doctor D．lover
24．A．lovely B．fortunate C．precious D．rare
25．A．offered B．named C．awarded D．showed
26．A．smart B．energetic C．curious D．thoughtful
27．A．Sit down B．Calm down C．Slow down D．Lie down
28．A．at a loss B．on hand C．in a row D．in shock
29．A．adventures B．trips C．invitations D．hikes
30．A．duties B．experiments C．tricks D．plays
31．A．misbehaved B．answered C．damaged D．recognized
32．A．microphone B．headphone C．pipe D．camera
33．A．creates B．earns C．improves D．challenges
34．A．occupied B．recommended C．wanted D．packed
35．A．goats B．cats C．chickens D．dogs
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Amsterdam has decided to remove gas vehicles from the roads. By 2030 only non-polluting vehicles will be allowed in the streets.
The Netherlands, along with many other European countries____36____ (make) great efforts to protect the environment since the 90s. The Clean Air Action Plan, which is aimed at removing polluting vehicles from the city, is____37____ newest measure. The new policy is important because air____38____ (pollute) in the Netherlands is above European standards, thus causing significant risks for respiratory illnesses (呼吸疾病). “Pollution is often a____39____ (silence) killer,” said Ms. Sharon Dijksma, who is responsible____40____ the city’s traffic.
The city will stop____41____ (use) gas vehicles gradually and increase the use of cleaner vehicles. Charging stations____42____ (offer) to those who buy electric vehicles. Fund and special parking permits will____43____ (probable) be provided to encourage the use of environmentally friendly cars.
Actually the Netherlands is already one of the most bike-friendly cities in the world. 30 percent of Dutch commuters (通勤者) travel by bike. ____44____, cars are still major sources of nitrogen dioxide and particle matter pollution. That_____45_____ (be) why they plan to ban all polluting cars.
Hopefully, this policy will encourage other cities to ban polluting vehicles as well. In fact, Brussels is already considering adopting the policy.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假定你是李华，你市一家动物保护组织要在森林公园举办野生动物放归大自然活动。请你写信邀请你校交换生John参加，内容包括：
1.时间和地点；
2.活动内容介绍。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：野生的 wild
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A few years ago，we adopted(收养) a lovely dog whom we named Gypsy. We didn’t know her age, background, or how she ended up wandering the streets of a large southern city with no owner. But we felt sure she’d had a difficult life, as she moved back whenever we wanted to touch her. She seemed particularly afraid of strange men. Gradually, Gypsy adapted to her new home with us, and she followed me around everywhere I went silently. Nothing seemed to make her bark (叫)，but we thought she was just a quiet dog as she seemed happy with us otherwise.
Not long after we brought her home, I had an operation on my leg. Gypsy seemed to dislike the coming and going of doctors, and visiting nurses-especially the males. She was still silent, but she barked at the ones she liked least. This led us to believe it must have been a male who had mistreated her before.
One day about a year after my operation, I was in the bathroom giving Gypsy a bath. Suddenly，I fell onto the floor. Luckily，I fell between the tub(浴盆) and water pipe. If I had hit one of them, I feel certain that would have been the end of me.
Unfortunately, I had no way to seek for help. The door was closed, and I didn’t have my phone with me. My husband wouldn’t be home from work for hours, so I did the only thing I could think of: I started shouting for help as loudly as I could.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Gypsy was clearly confused(困惑的) by my shouting.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Soon, my neighbor was in the house.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种海洋生物——海参，梭鱼，墨鱼和章鱼。
1．细节理解题。根据Sea cucumber部分中的“When summer comes, they stay deep to sleep because they are afraid of heat.(当夏天来临时，它们会因为害怕热而待在海洋深处睡觉)”可知，海参在夏天待在海洋深处睡觉，因为它们害怕高温。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Pike部分中的“They are good swimmers and like swimming near boats, waiting to be fed.(它们擅长游泳，喜欢在船附近游泳，等待喂食)”可知，梭鱼喜欢在船旁游泳。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据Cuttlefish部分中的“It ejects ink (喷墨) when it is in danger.(当它处于危险时，它将喷墨)”可知，如果墨鱼遇到敌人，它会向敌人喷墨。故选D。
4．B 5．A 6．D 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。一只南美Magellanic企鹅每年都会游5000英里来到巴西的一个海滩为了与拯救它生命的人——Joao团聚，本文讲述了这只企鹅与Joao之间的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life.(这只南美Magellanic企鹅每年都会游5000英里来到巴西的一个海滩为了与拯救它生命的人团聚)”可知，每年Din游这么长的距离来到巴西海滩，是为了与他的救命恩人相见，故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“71-year-old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an island village just outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lying on rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast.(71岁的退休砖瓦工若昂住在巴西里约热内卢郊外的一个小岛上，2011年，他在当地的海滩上发现了躺在岩石上的Magellanic企鹅。企鹅浑身是油，时间不多了。)”可知，在2011年Din被发现时，他快要死了，故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“71-year-old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an island village just outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lying on rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast.(71岁的退休砖瓦工若昂住在巴西里约热内卢郊外的一个小岛上，2011年，他在当地的海滩上发现了躺在岩石上的小麦哲伦企鹅。企鹅浑身是油，时间不多了。)”和第三段中“ “I love the penguin like it’s my own child and I believe the penguin loves me,” Joao told Globo TV.(“我爱企鹅就像爱自己的孩子一样，我相信企鹅也爱我，”乔奥告诉环球电视台。) ”可推知，Joao的好心赢得了企鹅的信任，故选D。
7．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life.(这只南美Magellanic企鹅每年都会游5000英里来到巴西的一个海滩为了与拯救它生命的人团聚)”可知，本文主要讲述了一只南美Magellanic企鹅每年都会游5000英里来到巴西的一个海滩为了与拯救它生命的人——Joao团聚，这展示了人类和野生动物之间的友爱，故选B。
8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍佛罗里达州的巨型非洲陆地蜗牛。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“To stop the snails from spreading to other areas, officials have asked Pasco County people to avoid moving any soil or yard waste and to report any sightings to a special hotline. (为了阻止蜗牛蔓延到其他地区，官员们要求帕斯科郡的居民避免移动任何土壤或庭院垃圾，并要求人们向专门热线报告任何新发现。)”可知，帕斯科郡的当地人在发现蜗牛时需要及时报告情况。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, the giant African land snails are one of the most dangerous snails in the world. Without these measures, the result will be serious. (然而，巨型非洲陆地蜗牛是世界上最危险的蜗牛之一。如果不采取这些措施，后果将是严重的。)”可知，如果不采取措施清除蜗牛，后果很严重。故推知，作者认为清除蜗牛的措施是必要的。故选C。
10．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The snails produce about 1, 200 eggs in a single year. (蜗牛一年产卵约1200个。)”可知，蜗牛产卵数量很大，可见很难控制蜗牛的数量。故推知stiff表示“困难的”，与hard意义一致，故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段“They eat over 500 plant and tree species. While they prefer to eat fruits and vegetables, the animals are not picky. They will eat any plant! The animals also bring a serious health risk to humans by carrying the parasite rat lungworm, known to cause brain damage. The snails produce about 1, 200 eggs in a single year. (它们吃500多种植物和树木。虽然它们更喜欢吃水果和蔬菜，但这些动物并不挑食。它们会吃任何植物！这些动物还携带鼠肺线虫寄生虫。众所周知，这会导致脑损伤，从而给人类带来严重的健康风险。蜗牛一年产卵约1200个。)”可知，佛罗里达州的巨型蜗牛吃植物和水果，携带导致脑损伤的寄生虫，繁殖迅速。故推知佛罗里达州的巨型蜗牛不易被控制和处理。故选A。
12．A 13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍为了拯救濒临灭绝的北极狼，北京希诺健生物技术公司与哈尔滨极地科技合作克隆了一头北极狼并取名为Maya。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Born on June 10, 2022, the wolf, named Maya, is energetic and in very good health.(这只狼出生于2022年6月10日，名叫Maya，精力充沛，身体非常健康)”可知，Maya健康状况良好。故选A。
13．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容““This is our new attempt and breakthrough in protecting and breeding (繁育) wild and endangered animals. The birth of the world’s first cloned arctic wolf is a milestone for the application of cloning technology and is of great significance to biodiversity, the protection of wildlife, and the restoration of endangered species in the world,” Mi Jidong, the company’s general manager, said.(“这是我们在保护和培育野生濒危动物方面的新尝试和新突破。世界上第一只克隆北极狼的诞生是克隆技术应用的里程碑，对生物多样性、野生动物保护和世界濒危物种的恢复具有重要意义，”该公司总经理Mi Jidong表示)”可知，本段主要介绍了克隆北极狼诞生的重要性。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Sun Quanhui, a scientist from the World Animal Protection organization, said that cloning technology is still in the exploratory stage of research, and there are many technical and ethical issues that need to be addressed and treated with caution. Sun believed cloning should be considered only for endangered wild animals whose species are extinct, or whose captive populations are very limited.(世界动物保护组织的科学家Sun Quanhui表示，克隆技术仍处于研究的探索阶段，有许多技术和伦理问题需要解决和谨慎对待。Sun认为，克隆应该只考虑那些物种灭绝或圈养数量非常有限的濒危野生动物)”推知，Sun Quanhui对克隆技术持谨慎态度。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“However, it is reported that the technology of cloning arctic wolves has gained strong value in its application, and another male cloned arctic wolf will come into this world in the near future.(然而，据报道，克隆北极狼的技术已经获得了很强的应用价值，另一只雄性克隆北极狼将在不久的将来来到这个世界上)”可知，另一只雄性克隆北极狼即将诞生。故选B。
16．C 17．G 18．A 19．E 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了水资源的重要性，并给出节约用水的方法。
16．上文“A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. (我们每天使用的水的主要部分是地下水。)”提出地下水的问题，选项C“地下水不是来自湖泊或河流”承接上文，介绍地下水的来源，引出下文“It comes from underground. (它来自地下。)”说明地下水的来源。故选C项。
17．上文“The more roads and parking lots we pave, (我们铺设的道路和停车场越多，)”以逗号结尾，后面用小写字母开头，“the+比较级，the+比较级”是固定句型，选项G“流入地下成为地下水的水就越少。”符合语法和句意。故选G项。
18．下文“Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs. (干旱的气候当然比降雨多的地区更容易发生干旱，但无论如何，良好的管理可以帮助确保有足够的水满足我们的基本需求。)”说明气候会导致水资源短缺，选项A“并非所有的水资源短缺都是人类活动造成的”引领下文，说明水资源短缺并不都是人类活动造成的，也有自然条件导致的。语义一致，故选A项。
19．上文“In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! (在美国，一个四口之家一天要用1.5吨水!)”说明人们生活中需要水，离不开水，选项E“这表明我们有多依赖水来生存”承接上文，是上文的结论。故选E项。
20．上文“However, there’s a lot we can do to lower the number. (然而，我们可以做很多事情来降低这个数字。)”说明我们可以降低水的用量，选项D“你可以采取措施在家里节约用水”承接上文，具体介绍降低水的用量的方法。故选D项。
21．B 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．B 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．B 30．C 31．A 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者捡到了一只没人要的小山羊，它聪明且听话，很快学会了各种表演技巧。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：养狗场的主人是动物救援人员，我以为是有人把他扔过围栏的。A. hunted打猎；B. dropped丢弃；C. caught捉住；D. attracted吸引。由上文“only to find a baby goat at the end of the driveway”和下文“him over the fence”可知，此处指别人将小山羊丢弃了，故选B。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：那只小山羊显然很紧张，但当我走近时，他却一动不动地站着。A. gracefully优雅地；B. officially正式地；C. obviously显然地；D. equally平等地。由下文“nervous”可知，这只被人遗弃的小山羊显然很紧张，故选C。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是一个动物爱好者，我将狗，猫，马，鸡和鱼带回家，但从来没有带回去一只山羊。A. keeper监护人；B. researcher研究者；C. doctor医生；D. lover爱好者。有下文“I’ve brought home dogs, cats, horses, chickens, and fish”可知，作者将狗，猫，马，鸡和鱼带回家，所以作者是一个动物爱好者，故选D。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那只小山羊太可爱了，我不能丢下他。A. lovely可爱的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. precious宝贵的；D. rare稀少的。由上下文“The tiny kid was too___4___or me to leave it behind.”可知，这只小山羊很可爱，所以作者不忍心丢下他，故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我给他起名叫Quincy，在我的浴室里用奶瓶喂他。A. offered提供；B. named命名；C. awarded授予；D. showed展示。由下文“Quincy proved to be quite”可知，Quincy是作者给小山羊起的名字，故选B。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Quincy很聪明。A. smart聪明的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. curiou好奇的；D. thoughtful考虑周全的。由下文“A quick study, Quincy learned to lie down, bow, and turn in a circle in no time.”可知，Quincy学东西很快，很快就学会了躺下、鞠躬、转圈，由此可知，Quincy很聪明。故选A。
27．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当他大约一个星期大的时候，我用手指在地板上敲打，说“躺下”，当他躺下的时候，我很惊讶。A. Sit down坐下；B. Calm down平静下来；C. Slow down减速；D. Lie down躺下。由下文“I was amazed when he dropped down.”可知，作者让小山羊躺下，故选D。
28．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：当他连续做了三次的时候，我更加惊讶了。A. at a loss困惑；B. on hand在手边；C. in a row连续；D. in shock震惊地。由上文“I was even more amazed when he did it three times”可知，小山羊按照作者的指示连续做了三次躺下的动作，这令作者感到惊讶，故选C。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他知道我给他吃的每样东西的名字，甚至还和我们一起去狗狗公园。A. adventures冒险；B. trips旅途；出门；C. invitations邀请；D. hikes徒步旅行。由下文“to the dog park.”可知，此处指小山羊和作者一起出门去狗狗公园，故选B。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我经常带我的狗去表演它们的戏法。A. duties责任；B. experiments实验；C. tricks玩笑；把戏；戏法；D. plays游戏。由上文“they can perform their”和下文“He knew only a few tricks then”可知，此处指作者的狗表演戏法，故选C。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时他只会几个小把戏，但是他做得很完美，从来没有在人群面前表现不好或者紧张过。A. misbehaved行为不端；表现不好；B. answered回答；C. damaged损坏；D. recognized认出。由上文“he did them perfectly and never”可知，小山羊表演戏法时，做得很完美，从没有出现表现不好的情况，故选A。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在他会摇晃着蹄子，被叫到时就过来，牵着皮带走路，向镜头挥手，对着镜头微笑（当人们“说茄子！”时），还有更多。A. microphone扩音器；B. headphone耳机；C. pipe管道；D. camera照相机、镜头。由下文““Say cheese!””可知，当人们给山羊照相时，小山羊对着镜头微笑，故选D。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Quincy甚至可以通过提示卡“读”出他的绝活，这总是赢得最多的掌声。A. creates创造；B. earns赚钱；赢得；C. improves提高；D. challenges挑战。由上下文“Quincy can even “read” his tricks off cue cards(提示卡), which always__13___the most applause(掌声).”可知，小山羊能通过提示卡表演出他的绝活，这赢得了人们的掌声，故选B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个没人要的小山羊是我养过的最聪明的动物之一。A. occupied占有；B. recommended推荐；C. wanted想要；D. packed打包。由第一段中“I thought someone___2___him over the fence.”可知，小山羊是被人遗弃的，因此此处指没人要的小山羊，故选C。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，他是我们中最聪明的——但是不要把这个告诉我的狗狗！A. goats山羊；B. cats猫；C. chickens鸡；D. dogs狗。由上文“He’s by far the sharpest of my bunch”和上文提到作者的狗狗表演戏法可知，小山羊在作者养的动物中是最聪明的，但是这一点不能告诉作者的狗狗们，否则它们会吃醋的，故选D。
36．has made 37．the 38．pollution 39．silent 40．for 41．using 42．will be offered 43．probably 44．However 45．is
【导语】这是一篇说明文。阿姆斯特丹已决定将汽油车从道路上移除。 到2030年，只允许无污染车辆上路。文章主要说明了荷兰为保护环境做出的巨大努力。
36．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自90年代以来，荷兰和许多其他欧洲国家一起为保护环境做出了巨大努力。根据后文“since the 90s”可知，应用现在完成时，主语后接介词短语along with many other European countries，不影响主语的人称和数，谓语动词应根据主语的人称和数来确定，主语为The Netherlands，助动词用has。故填has made。
37．考查冠词。句意：旨在清除污染车辆的《清洁空气行动计划》是最新的措施。最高级newest前需用定冠词。故填the。
38．考查名词。句意：这项新政策很重要，因为荷兰的空气污染高于欧洲标准，从而导致呼吸道疾病的重大风险。作从句主语，表示“污染”应用名词pollution。故填pollution。
39．考查形容词。句意：“污染往往是一个无声的杀手，”负责该市交通的Sharon Dijksma说。修饰名词killer应用形容词silent，作定语。故填silent。
40．考查介词。句意：“污染往往是一个无声的杀手，”负责该市交通的Sharon Dijksma说。结合句意表示“负责……”可知，短语为be responsible for。故填for。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：该市将逐步停止使用汽油车辆，并增加使用清洁车辆。短语stop doing sth.表示“停止正在做的事”。故填using。
42．考查动词时态语态。句意：为购买电动汽车的人提供充电站。根据上文“The city will stop using gas vehicles gradually and increase the use of cleaner vehicles.”可知，应用一般将来时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be offered。
43．考查副词。句意：政府可能会提供资金和特别停车许可证，以鼓励使用环保汽车。修饰后文be动词，应用副词probably，作状语。故填probably。
44．考查副词。句意：然而，汽车仍然是二氧化氮和颗粒物污染的主要来源。上文提到荷兰已经是世界上对自行车最友好的城市之一，后文则说荷兰的汽车仍然是二氧化氮和颗粒物污染的主要来源，前后为转折关系，且由逗号隔开，应用however，句首单词首字母要大写。故填However。
45．考查时态。句意：这就是为什么他们计划禁止所有污染汽车的原因。根据后文plan可知为一般现在时，句型that is why表示“这就是为什么……”。故填is。
46．
Dear John,
An animal protection organization in our city is going to hold an activity to set free wild animals to nature in the forest park at 10 o’clock next Saturday Morning. I would like to invite you to take part in it.
The organization has been working to protect wildlife. The workers have rescued many wild animals, including some rare ones. This time they are going to free some of the animals, because they should live in the natural environment. I think it must be exciting to watch these animals to return to the wild!
Looking forward to your early reply!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生邀请交换生John参加一家动物保护组织在森林公园举办的野生动物放归大自然的活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
想要做某事：would like to do sth.→want to do sth.
参加：take part in→participate in
保护：protect→preserve
救助：rescue→save
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The organization has been working to protect wildlife.
拓展句：The organization has been working to protect wildlife, some of which is endangered.
【点睛】【高分句型1】This time they are going to free some of the animals, because they should live in the natural environment. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
【高分句型1】I think it must be exciting to watch these animals to return to the wild! (运用了省略that引导的宾语从句)
47．Gypsy was clearly confused(困惑的) by my shouting. She shook slightly at first. However, after a few minutes, she did the only thing she knew to do. She lay down with her wet back pressed against mine. It comforted us both. She looked at me silently, as if trying to tell me that all would be fine. After an hour, my throat was painful from shouting. I heard a voice outside that sounded like an angel. “Do you need help?” It was my next-door neighbor, who had just come home and heard my shouts. “Yes! I’ve fallen, and I think I hurt myself seriously!” I called. “I'm in the bathroom.”
Soon, my neighbor was in the house. She comforted me and immediately called 911. The ambulance came. To my relief, Gypsy looked calm with all the strange men in the house. She seemed to realize they were there to help me. I was rushed to hospital and accepted treatment. With pain killers, I was able to go home later that day. No sooner had I got into the house than Gypsy came running. How lucky I was to accept her as my family member!
【导语】本文以动物为线索展开，讲述了作者收养了一只叫Gypsy的流浪狗，她似乎特别害怕陌生男人。一次作者不小心摔倒，无法求助，幸好有Gypsy的陪伴与安慰，直到隔壁邻居下班回家，听到作者呼救，打电话叫来救护车。Gypsy在屋子里面对这么多陌生男人时显得很平静。她似乎意识到他们是来帮助作者的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Gypsy显然被我的喊叫弄糊涂了。”可知，第一段可描写Gypsy陪伴作者的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“不久，我的邻居来到了房子里。”可知，第二段可描写邻居叫来救护车，虽然有很多陌生男人，但Gypsy没有乱叫。
2.续写线索：陪伴——安慰——呼救——欣慰——治疗——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.意识到：realize/be aware of
②.看：look at/watch
③.叫喊：call/shout at
情绪类
①.安慰：comfort/ give comfort to
②.幸运地：lucky /fortunately
【点睛】[高分句型1]. However, after a few minutes, she did the only thing she knew to do.（运用了省略关系代词that引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2]. It was my next-door neighbor, who had just come home and heard my shouts.（运用了who引导非限定性定语从句）
Unit 1 Nature in the Balance单元综合检测
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共30分，略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Most animals on land are known to us, but many living things underwater are not. Now let’s get to know some of them.
Sea cucumber
Sea cucumber are strange animals living at the bottom of the sea. They wear brown or pale green coats with many sticks up. When summer comes, they stay deep to sleep because they are afraid of heat. And when it is autumn, they move to shallow (浅的) water and get their food.
Pike
The pike is a kind of freshwater fish. They are good swimmers and like swimming near boats, waiting to be fed. They have sharp teeth to catch fishes. When they are young, they live in groups. However, when they grow up, they prefer to live alone.
Cuttlefish
A cuttlefish can swim quite fast, so it is also called rocket (火箭) fish. It has eight arms and two feelers on its head, just around its mouth. It ejects ink (喷墨) when it is in danger. Its meat is delicious, and it is often the first choice for many people.
Octopus
An octopus has long arms, with which to catch food and protect itself. When it is sleeping, one or two of its arms are still on duty, keeping moving. Once it feels something dangerous, it can wake up at once to take action.
1．Sea cucumbers stay deep to sleep in summer because they ________.
A．are afraid of high temperature B．want to get strong and fat
C．are afraid of their enemy D．want to live alone
2．According to the passage, ________ likes to swim near boats.
A．the sea cucumber B．the pike
C．the cuttlefish D．the octopus
3．What happens if a cuttlefish meets its enemy?
A．It rushes at the enemy at once. B．It cuts off one of its arms.
C．It bites with its sharp teeth. D．It ejects ink to the enemy.
B
This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life. It sounds like something out of a fairy tale, but it’s true!
71-year-old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an island village just outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lying on rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast. Joao rescued the penguin, naming it Din, cleaned the oil off its feathers and fed him a daily diet of fish to rebuild its strength. After a week of recovery, Joao attempted to release the penguin back into the wild. However, Din had already formed a family bond with his rescuer and wouldn’t leave.
“He stayed with me for 11 months and then, just after he changed his coat with new feathers, he disappeared,” Joao recalls. “I love the penguin like it’s my own child and I believe the penguin loves me,” Joao told Globo TV. “No one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks (啄) them if they do. He lies on my lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed him.”
Professor Krajewski, a biologist who interviewed the fisherman for Globo TV, told The Independent: “I have never seen anything like this before. I think the penguin believes Joao is part of his family and probably a penguin as well.”
However, environmentalists warn that, while hundreds of the Magellanic species are known to naturally migrate (迁徙) thousands of miles north in search of food, there has been a worrying rise in the phenomenon of oceanic creatures washing up on Brazil’s beaches. Professor David Zee from Rio de Janeiro’s State University, said the increase is due in part to global climatic changes. Professor Zee added that sea animals face increased danger from leaked tanker oil.
Luckily the ending for Joao and Din has been a happy one, even though it is illegal in Brazil to keep wild animals as pets.
Professor Krajewski said: “Professionals who work with animals try to avoid relationships like this occurring so they are able to reintroduce the animal into the wild. But in this single case the authorities allowed Din to stay with Joao because of his kindness.”
4．Every year Din swims a long distance to a beach in Brazil to ________.
A．avoid being killed B．meet his rescuer
C．escape from ocean currents(洋流) D．find much more fish
5．When Din was found in 2011, ________.
A．he was dying B．he was running on the beach
C．he was resting on a rock D．he was cleaning oil off his feathers
6．What can we learn about Joao from the passage?
A．He is not allowed to keep the penguin as a pet by the authorities(权威人士).
B．He overprotects the penguin by keeping him away from others.
C．His contact(接触) with the penguin is encouraged by professionals.
D．His kindness wins the penguin’s trust.
7．The story in the passage mainly shows ________.
A．the living habits of penguins
B．the love between humans and wildlife
C．increased danger from leaked tanker oil
D．the protection of threatened wildlife by mankind
C
The giant African land snail (an animal) has returned to Florida for a third time. The foreign species (物种) was first found in the state in 1969. It took seven years and $1 million to get rid of (清除) them . They reappeared in 2011 and were wiped out in 2021 at a cost of $23 million. On June 23, 2022, Florida officials reported that the snails had been found in the New Port Richey area of Pasco County.
To stop the snails from spreading to other areas, officials have asked Pasco County people to avoid moving any soil or yard waste and to report any sightings to a special hotline. Specially- trained dogs have also been brought in to find the snails. The areas where the snails have been found will be treated with special chemicals for 18 months. Florida officials also intend to monitor (监测) the sites for two years after the last snail has been found .
The various measures to get rid of the snails may seem too strict for most people. However, the giant African land snails are one of the most dangerous snails in the world. Without these measures, the result will be serious. The fist-sized snails are native to East Africa but can also be found in Hawaii and the Caribbean. They eat over 500 plant and tree species. While they prefer to eat fruits and vegetables, the animals are not picky. They will eat any plant! The animals also bring a serious health risk to humans by carrying the parasite rat lungworm, known to cause brain damage. The snails produce about 1, 200 eggs in a single year. This makes it stiff to control their population.
The officials are not sure how the snails got here this time, but they are confident the state will eventually get rid of them, because agriculture is such an important part of the economy in the state.
8．What are locals of Pasco County required to do with the snails?
A．Kill the snails they find. B．Keep dogs off the snails.
C．Report if finding the snails. D．Put the snails into earth.
9．How may the author like the measures to get rid of the snails?
A．Simple. B．Cost-saving. C．Necessary D．Out-of-date
10．What does the underlined word “stiff” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Possible. B．Hard. C．Interesting. D．Dangerous
11．What can be learned about the giant African land snail in Florida?
A．It can’t be easily dealt with. B．It is one of the native species.
C．It came with some tourists. D．It will spread all over the US.
D
To save endangered arctic wolves, the Beijing-based Sinogene Biotechnology Company cooperated with Harbin Polarland on cloning the arctic wolf. As a result, after two years of thorough efforts, the arctic wolf was cloned successfully. It is the first case of its kind in the world.
Born on June 10, 2022, the wolf, named Maya, is energetic and in very good health. Her donor cell came from the skin sample of a wild female arctic wolf, who had been introduced from Canada. However, her oocyte (卵母细胞) was from a female dog, and her surrogate mother (代孕母体) was a beagle. The selection of a dog as Maya’s surrogate was made because dogs share a genetic ancestor with ancient wolves, and it’s more likely to succeed through cloning technology.
“This is our new attempt and breakthrough in protecting and breeding (繁育) wild and endangered animals. The birth of the world’s first cloned arctic wolf is a milestone for the application of cloning technology and is of great significance to biodiversity, the protection of wildlife, and the restoration of endangered species in the world,” Mi Jidong, the company’s general manager, said.
Cloning technology is a breeding method different from natural reproduction. Some raised controversy relating to the cloned arctic wolf. Sun Quanhui, a scientist from the World Animal Protection organization, said that cloning technology is still in the exploratory stage of research, and there are many technical and ethical issues that need to be addressed and treated with caution. Sun believed cloning should be considered only for endangered wild animals whose species are extinct, or whose captive populations are very limited.
The cloned wolf now lives with her surrogate beagle in a lab, and later she will be delivered to the Harbin Polarland and displayed to the public. The cloned wolf would live by herself in the park in the initial stage because she may not be able to adapt to original arctic wolf groups. However, it is reported that the technology of cloning arctic wolves has gained strong value in its application, and another male cloned arctic wolf will come into this world in the near future.
12．What do we know about Maya?
A．She is in good condition.
B．She was born in Canada.
C．She is the first cloned animal in China.
D．She shares similar living habits with dogs.
13．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．The development of cloning technology.
B．The difficulties of maintaining biodiversity.
C．Scientists’ efforts to protect endangered animals.
D．The importance of the birth of the cloned arctic wolf.
14．What is Sun Quanhui’s attitude towards cloning technology?
A．Cautious. B．Confident.
C．Unclear. D．Disapproving.
15．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Maya was trained to live with wolf groups in the lab.
B．Another male arctic wolf is expected to be born soon.
C．Maya is favored by many visitors to the Harbin Polarland.
D．Cloning technology will be applied to more endangered species.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply(供应) in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead to less usable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. ____16____. It comes from underground.
The more roads and parking lots we pave, ____17____.
____18____. Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.
Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too. In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! ____19____. However, there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.____20____. To start with, use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher (洗碗机) only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your home. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.
A．Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages (短缺)
B．there is much we can do to reduce family size
C．Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers
D．You can take steps to save water in your home
E．This shows how much we depend on water to live
F．All water shortages are due to human behavior
G．the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A few years ago, I was leaving the dog kennel(养狗场) where I worked, only to find a baby goat at the end of the driveway. The kennel’s owners are animal rescuers, and I thought someone____21____him over the fence. The kid was____22____nervous but stood perfectly still as I got closer.
I’m an animal____23____and I’ve brought home dogs, cats, horses, chickens, and fish, but never a goat. The tiny kid was too____24____for me to leave it behind. I____25____him Quincy and bottle- fed him in my bathroom.
Quincy proved to be quite____26____. When he was about a week old, I tapped my fingers on the floor and said “____27____” I was amazed when he dropped down. I was even more amazed when he did it three times____28____. A quick study, Quincy learned to lie down, bow, and turn in a circle in no time. He knows the name of everything I feed him, and even joins us for____29____to the dog park.
I often take my dogs to shows where they can perform their_____30_____. Quincy did his first show at just six weeks old. He knew only a few tricks then, but he did them perfectly and never_____31_____or got nervous in front of the crowd. Now he’ll shake hooves, come when called, walk on a leash, wave, smile for the_____32_____( “Say cheese!” ), and more. Quincy and my dogs perform regularly at schools, nursing homes, and charity events. Quincy can even “read” his tricks off cue cards(提示卡), which always_____33_____the most applause(掌声).
The goat kid nobody_____34_____turned out to be one of the smartest animals I’ve had. He’s by far the sharpest of my bunch—just don’t tell the_____35_____!
21．A．hunted B．dropped C．caught D．attracted
22．A．gracefully B．officially C．obviously D．equally
23．A．keeper B．researcher C．doctor D．lover
24．A．lovely B．fortunate C．precious D．rare
25．A．offered B．named C．awarded D．showed
26．A．smart B．energetic C．curious D．thoughtful
27．A．Sit down B．Calm down C．Slow down D．Lie down
28．A．at a loss B．on hand C．in a row D．in shock
29．A．adventures B．trips C．invitations D．hikes
30．A．duties B．experiments C．tricks D．plays
31．A．misbehaved B．answered C．damaged D．recognized
32．A．microphone B．headphone C．pipe D．camera
33．A．creates B．earns C．improves D．challenges
34．A．occupied B．recommended C．wanted D．packed
35．A．goats B．cats C．chickens D．dogs
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Amsterdam has decided to remove gas vehicles from the roads. By 2030 only non-polluting vehicles will be allowed in the streets.
The Netherlands, along with many other European countries____36____ (make) great efforts to protect the environment since the 90s. The Clean Air Action Plan, which is aimed at removing polluting vehicles from the city, is____37____ newest measure. The new policy is important because air____38____ (pollute) in the Netherlands is above European standards, thus causing significant risks for respiratory illnesses (呼吸疾病). “Pollution is often a____39____ (silence) killer,” said Ms. Sharon Dijksma, who is responsible____40____ the city’s traffic.
The city will stop____41____ (use) gas vehicles gradually and increase the use of cleaner vehicles. Charging stations____42____ (offer) to those who buy electric vehicles. Fund and special parking permits will____43____ (probable) be provided to encourage the use of environmentally friendly cars.
Actually the Netherlands is already one of the most bike-friendly cities in the world. 30 percent of Dutch commuters (通勤者) travel by bike. ____44____, cars are still major sources of nitrogen dioxide and particle matter pollution. That_____45_____ (be) why they plan to ban all polluting cars.
Hopefully, this policy will encourage other cities to ban polluting vehicles as well. In fact, Brussels is already considering adopting the policy.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假定你是李华，你市一家动物保护组织要在森林公园举办野生动物放归大自然活动。请你写信邀请你校交换生John参加，内容包括：
1.时间和地点；
2.活动内容介绍。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：野生的 wild
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A few years ago，we adopted(收养) a lovely dog whom we named Gypsy. We didn’t know her age, background, or how she ended up wandering the streets of a large southern city with no owner. But we felt sure she’d had a difficult life, as she moved back whenever we wanted to touch her. She seemed particularly afraid of strange men. Gradually, Gypsy adapted to her new home with us, and she followed me around everywhere I went silently. Nothing seemed to make her bark (叫)，but we thought she was just a quiet dog as she seemed happy with us otherwise.
Not long after we brought her home, I had an operation on my leg. Gypsy seemed to dislike the coming and going of doctors, and visiting nurses-especially the males. She was still silent, but she barked at the ones she liked least. This led us to believe it must have been a male who had mistreated her before.
One day about a year after my operation, I was in the bathroom giving Gypsy a bath. Suddenly，I fell onto the floor. Luckily，I fell between the tub(浴盆) and water pipe. If I had hit one of them, I feel certain that would have been the end of me.
Unfortunately, I had no way to seek for help. The door was closed, and I didn’t have my phone with me. My husband wouldn’t be home from work for hours, so I did the only thing I could think of: I started shouting for help as loudly as I could.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Gypsy was clearly confused(困惑的) by my shouting.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Soon, my neighbor was in the house.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种海洋生物——海参，梭鱼，墨鱼和章鱼。
1．细节理解题。根据Sea cucumber部分中的“When summer comes, they stay deep to sleep because they are afraid of heat.(当夏天来临时，它们会因为害怕热而待在海洋深处睡觉)”可知，海参在夏天待在海洋深处睡觉，因为它们害怕高温。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Pike部分中的“They are good swimmers and like swimming near boats, waiting to be fed.(它们擅长游泳，喜欢在船附近游泳，等待喂食)”可知，梭鱼喜欢在船旁游泳。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据Cuttlefish部分中的“It ejects ink (喷墨) when it is in danger.(当它处于危险时，它将喷墨)”可知，如果墨鱼遇到敌人，它会向敌人喷墨。故选D。
4．B 5．A 6．D 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。一只南美Magellanic企鹅每年都会游5000英里来到巴西的一个海滩为了与拯救它生命的人——Joao团聚，本文讲述了这只企鹅与Joao之间的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life.(这只南美Magellanic企鹅每年都会游5000英里来到巴西的一个海滩为了与拯救它生命的人团聚)”可知，每年Din游这么长的距离来到巴西海滩，是为了与他的救命恩人相见，故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“71-year-old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an island village just outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lying on rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast.(71岁的退休砖瓦工若昂住在巴西里约热内卢郊外的一个小岛上，2011年，他在当地的海滩上发现了躺在岩石上的Magellanic企鹅。企鹅浑身是油，时间不多了。)”可知，在2011年Din被发现时，他快要死了，故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“71-year-old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an island village just outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lying on rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast.(71岁的退休砖瓦工若昂住在巴西里约热内卢郊外的一个小岛上，2011年，他在当地的海滩上发现了躺在岩石上的小麦哲伦企鹅。企鹅浑身是油，时间不多了。)”和第三段中“ “I love the penguin like it’s my own child and I believe the penguin loves me,” Joao told Globo TV.(“我爱企鹅就像爱自己的孩子一样，我相信企鹅也爱我，”乔奥告诉环球电视台。) ”可推知，Joao的好心赢得了企鹅的信任，故选D。
7．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life.(这只南美Magellanic企鹅每年都会游5000英里来到巴西的一个海滩为了与拯救它生命的人团聚)”可知，本文主要讲述了一只南美Magellanic企鹅每年都会游5000英里来到巴西的一个海滩为了与拯救它生命的人——Joao团聚，这展示了人类和野生动物之间的友爱，故选B。
8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍佛罗里达州的巨型非洲陆地蜗牛。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“To stop the snails from spreading to other areas, officials have asked Pasco County people to avoid moving any soil or yard waste and to report any sightings to a special hotline. (为了阻止蜗牛蔓延到其他地区，官员们要求帕斯科郡的居民避免移动任何土壤或庭院垃圾，并要求人们向专门热线报告任何新发现。)”可知，帕斯科郡的当地人在发现蜗牛时需要及时报告情况。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, the giant African land snails are one of the most dangerous snails in the world. Without these measures, the result will be serious. (然而，巨型非洲陆地蜗牛是世界上最危险的蜗牛之一。如果不采取这些措施，后果将是严重的。)”可知，如果不采取措施清除蜗牛，后果很严重。故推知，作者认为清除蜗牛的措施是必要的。故选C。
10．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The snails produce about 1, 200 eggs in a single year. (蜗牛一年产卵约1200个。)”可知，蜗牛产卵数量很大，可见很难控制蜗牛的数量。故推知stiff表示“困难的”，与hard意义一致，故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段“They eat over 500 plant and tree species. While they prefer to eat fruits and vegetables, the animals are not picky. They will eat any plant! The animals also bring a serious health risk to humans by carrying the parasite rat lungworm, known to cause brain damage. The snails produce about 1, 200 eggs in a single year. (它们吃500多种植物和树木。虽然它们更喜欢吃水果和蔬菜，但这些动物并不挑食。它们会吃任何植物！这些动物还携带鼠肺线虫寄生虫。众所周知，这会导致脑损伤，从而给人类带来严重的健康风险。蜗牛一年产卵约1200个。)”可知，佛罗里达州的巨型蜗牛吃植物和水果，携带导致脑损伤的寄生虫，繁殖迅速。故推知佛罗里达州的巨型蜗牛不易被控制和处理。故选A。
12．A 13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍为了拯救濒临灭绝的北极狼，北京希诺健生物技术公司与哈尔滨极地科技合作克隆了一头北极狼并取名为Maya。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Born on June 10, 2022, the wolf, named Maya, is energetic and in very good health.(这只狼出生于2022年6月10日，名叫Maya，精力充沛，身体非常健康)”可知，Maya健康状况良好。故选A。
13．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容““This is our new attempt and breakthrough in protecting and breeding (繁育) wild and endangered animals. The birth of the world’s first cloned arctic wolf is a milestone for the application of cloning technology and is of great significance to biodiversity, the protection of wildlife, and the restoration of endangered species in the world,” Mi Jidong, the company’s general manager, said.(“这是我们在保护和培育野生濒危动物方面的新尝试和新突破。世界上第一只克隆北极狼的诞生是克隆技术应用的里程碑，对生物多样性、野生动物保护和世界濒危物种的恢复具有重要意义，”该公司总经理Mi Jidong表示)”可知，本段主要介绍了克隆北极狼诞生的重要性。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Sun Quanhui, a scientist from the World Animal Protection organization, said that cloning technology is still in the exploratory stage of research, and there are many technical and ethical issues that need to be addressed and treated with caution. Sun believed cloning should be considered only for endangered wild animals whose species are extinct, or whose captive populations are very limited.(世界动物保护组织的科学家Sun Quanhui表示，克隆技术仍处于研究的探索阶段，有许多技术和伦理问题需要解决和谨慎对待。Sun认为，克隆应该只考虑那些物种灭绝或圈养数量非常有限的濒危野生动物)”推知，Sun Quanhui对克隆技术持谨慎态度。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“However, it is reported that the technology of cloning arctic wolves has gained strong value in its application, and another male cloned arctic wolf will come into this world in the near future.(然而，据报道，克隆北极狼的技术已经获得了很强的应用价值，另一只雄性克隆北极狼将在不久的将来来到这个世界上)”可知，另一只雄性克隆北极狼即将诞生。故选B。
16．C 17．G 18．A 19．E 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了水资源的重要性，并给出节约用水的方法。
16．上文“A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. (我们每天使用的水的主要部分是地下水。)”提出地下水的问题，选项C“地下水不是来自湖泊或河流”承接上文，介绍地下水的来源，引出下文“It comes from underground. (它来自地下。)”说明地下水的来源。故选C项。
17．上文“The more roads and parking lots we pave, (我们铺设的道路和停车场越多，)”以逗号结尾，后面用小写字母开头，“the+比较级，the+比较级”是固定句型，选项G“流入地下成为地下水的水就越少。”符合语法和句意。故选G项。
18．下文“Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs. (干旱的气候当然比降雨多的地区更容易发生干旱，但无论如何，良好的管理可以帮助确保有足够的水满足我们的基本需求。)”说明气候会导致水资源短缺，选项A“并非所有的水资源短缺都是人类活动造成的”引领下文，说明水资源短缺并不都是人类活动造成的，也有自然条件导致的。语义一致，故选A项。
19．上文“In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! (在美国，一个四口之家一天要用1.5吨水!)”说明人们生活中需要水，离不开水，选项E“这表明我们有多依赖水来生存”承接上文，是上文的结论。故选E项。
20．上文“However, there’s a lot we can do to lower the number. (然而，我们可以做很多事情来降低这个数字。)”说明我们可以降低水的用量，选项D“你可以采取措施在家里节约用水”承接上文，具体介绍降低水的用量的方法。故选D项。
21．B 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．B 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．B 30．C 31．A 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者捡到了一只没人要的小山羊，它聪明且听话，很快学会了各种表演技巧。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：养狗场的主人是动物救援人员，我以为是有人把他扔过围栏的。A. hunted打猎；B. dropped丢弃；C. caught捉住；D. attracted吸引。由上文“only to find a baby goat at the end of the driveway”和下文“him over the fence”可知，此处指别人将小山羊丢弃了，故选B。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：那只小山羊显然很紧张，但当我走近时，他却一动不动地站着。A. gracefully优雅地；B. officially正式地；C. obviously显然地；D. equally平等地。由下文“nervous”可知，这只被人遗弃的小山羊显然很紧张，故选C。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是一个动物爱好者，我将狗，猫，马，鸡和鱼带回家，但从来没有带回去一只山羊。A. keeper监护人；B. researcher研究者；C. doctor医生；D. lover爱好者。有下文“I’ve brought home dogs, cats, horses, chickens, and fish”可知，作者将狗，猫，马，鸡和鱼带回家，所以作者是一个动物爱好者，故选D。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那只小山羊太可爱了，我不能丢下他。A. lovely可爱的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. precious宝贵的；D. rare稀少的。由上下文“The tiny kid was too___4___or me to leave it behind.”可知，这只小山羊很可爱，所以作者不忍心丢下他，故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我给他起名叫Quincy，在我的浴室里用奶瓶喂他。A. offered提供；B. named命名；C. awarded授予；D. showed展示。由下文“Quincy proved to be quite”可知，Quincy是作者给小山羊起的名字，故选B。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Quincy很聪明。A. smart聪明的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. curiou好奇的；D. thoughtful考虑周全的。由下文“A quick study, Quincy learned to lie down, bow, and turn in a circle in no time.”可知，Quincy学东西很快，很快就学会了躺下、鞠躬、转圈，由此可知，Quincy很聪明。故选A。
27．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当他大约一个星期大的时候，我用手指在地板上敲打，说“躺下”，当他躺下的时候，我很惊讶。A. Sit down坐下；B. Calm down平静下来；C. Slow down减速；D. Lie down躺下。由下文“I was amazed when he dropped down.”可知，作者让小山羊躺下，故选D。
28．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：当他连续做了三次的时候，我更加惊讶了。A. at a loss困惑；B. on hand在手边；C. in a row连续；D. in shock震惊地。由上文“I was even more amazed when he did it three times”可知，小山羊按照作者的指示连续做了三次躺下的动作，这令作者感到惊讶，故选C。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他知道我给他吃的每样东西的名字，甚至还和我们一起去狗狗公园。A. adventures冒险；B. trips旅途；出门；C. invitations邀请；D. hikes徒步旅行。由下文“to the dog park.”可知，此处指小山羊和作者一起出门去狗狗公园，故选B。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我经常带我的狗去表演它们的戏法。A. duties责任；B. experiments实验；C. tricks玩笑；把戏；戏法；D. plays游戏。由上文“they can perform their”和下文“He knew only a few tricks then”可知，此处指作者的狗表演戏法，故选C。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时他只会几个小把戏，但是他做得很完美，从来没有在人群面前表现不好或者紧张过。A. misbehaved行为不端；表现不好；B. answered回答；C. damaged损坏；D. recognized认出。由上文“he did them perfectly and never”可知，小山羊表演戏法时，做得很完美，从没有出现表现不好的情况，故选A。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在他会摇晃着蹄子，被叫到时就过来，牵着皮带走路，向镜头挥手，对着镜头微笑（当人们“说茄子！”时），还有更多。A. microphone扩音器；B. headphone耳机；C. pipe管道；D. camera照相机、镜头。由下文““Say cheese!””可知，当人们给山羊照相时，小山羊对着镜头微笑，故选D。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Quincy甚至可以通过提示卡“读”出他的绝活，这总是赢得最多的掌声。A. creates创造；B. earns赚钱；赢得；C. improves提高；D. challenges挑战。由上下文“Quincy can even “read” his tricks off cue cards(提示卡), which always__13___the most applause(掌声).”可知，小山羊能通过提示卡表演出他的绝活，这赢得了人们的掌声，故选B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个没人要的小山羊是我养过的最聪明的动物之一。A. occupied占有；B. recommended推荐；C. wanted想要；D. packed打包。由第一段中“I thought someone___2___him over the fence.”可知，小山羊是被人遗弃的，因此此处指没人要的小山羊，故选C。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，他是我们中最聪明的——但是不要把这个告诉我的狗狗！A. goats山羊；B. cats猫；C. chickens鸡；D. dogs狗。由上文“He’s by far the sharpest of my bunch”和上文提到作者的狗狗表演戏法可知，小山羊在作者养的动物中是最聪明的，但是这一点不能告诉作者的狗狗们，否则它们会吃醋的，故选D。
36．has made 37．the 38．pollution 39．silent 40．for 41．using 42．will be offered 43．probably 44．However 45．is
【导语】这是一篇说明文。阿姆斯特丹已决定将汽油车从道路上移除。 到2030年，只允许无污染车辆上路。文章主要说明了荷兰为保护环境做出的巨大努力。
36．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自90年代以来，荷兰和许多其他欧洲国家一起为保护环境做出了巨大努力。根据后文“since the 90s”可知，应用现在完成时，主语后接介词短语along with many other European countries，不影响主语的人称和数，谓语动词应根据主语的人称和数来确定，主语为The Netherlands，助动词用has。故填has made。
37．考查冠词。句意：旨在清除污染车辆的《清洁空气行动计划》是最新的措施。最高级newest前需用定冠词。故填the。
38．考查名词。句意：这项新政策很重要，因为荷兰的空气污染高于欧洲标准，从而导致呼吸道疾病的重大风险。作从句主语，表示“污染”应用名词pollution。故填pollution。
39．考查形容词。句意：“污染往往是一个无声的杀手，”负责该市交通的Sharon Dijksma说。修饰名词killer应用形容词silent，作定语。故填silent。
40．考查介词。句意：“污染往往是一个无声的杀手，”负责该市交通的Sharon Dijksma说。结合句意表示“负责……”可知，短语为be responsible for。故填for。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：该市将逐步停止使用汽油车辆，并增加使用清洁车辆。短语stop doing sth.表示“停止正在做的事”。故填using。
42．考查动词时态语态。句意：为购买电动汽车的人提供充电站。根据上文“The city will stop using gas vehicles gradually and increase the use of cleaner vehicles.”可知，应用一般将来时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be offered。
43．考查副词。句意：政府可能会提供资金和特别停车许可证，以鼓励使用环保汽车。修饰后文be动词，应用副词probably，作状语。故填probably。
44．考查副词。句意：然而，汽车仍然是二氧化氮和颗粒物污染的主要来源。上文提到荷兰已经是世界上对自行车最友好的城市之一，后文则说荷兰的汽车仍然是二氧化氮和颗粒物污染的主要来源，前后为转折关系，且由逗号隔开，应用however，句首单词首字母要大写。故填However。
45．考查时态。句意：这就是为什么他们计划禁止所有污染汽车的原因。根据后文plan可知为一般现在时，句型that is why表示“这就是为什么……”。故填is。
46．
Dear John,
An animal protection organization in our city is going to hold an activity to set free wild animals to nature in the forest park at 10 o’clock next Saturday Morning. I would like to invite you to take part in it.
The organization has been working to protect wildlife. The workers have rescued many wild animals, including some rare ones. This time they are going to free some of the animals, because they should live in the natural environment. I think it must be exciting to watch these animals to return to the wild!
Looking forward to your early reply!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生邀请交换生John参加一家动物保护组织在森林公园举办的野生动物放归大自然的活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
想要做某事：would like to do sth.→want to do sth.
参加：take part in→participate in
保护：protect→preserve
救助：rescue→save
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The organization has been working to protect wildlife.
拓展句：The organization has been working to protect wildlife, some of which is endangered.
【点睛】【高分句型1】This time they are going to free some of the animals, because they should live in the natural environment. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
【高分句型1】I think it must be exciting to watch these animals to return to the wild! (运用了省略that引导的宾语从句)
47．Gypsy was clearly confused(困惑的) by my shouting. She shook slightly at first. However, after a few minutes, she did the only thing she knew to do. She lay down with her wet back pressed against mine. It comforted us both. She looked at me silently, as if trying to tell me that all would be fine. After an hour, my throat was painful from shouting. I heard a voice outside that sounded like an angel. “Do you need help?” It was my next-door neighbor, who had just come home and heard my shouts. “Yes! I’ve fallen, and I think I hurt myself seriously!” I called. “I'm in the bathroom.”
Soon, my neighbor was in the house. She comforted me and immediately called 911. The ambulance came. To my relief, Gypsy looked calm with all the strange men in the house. She seemed to realize they were there to help me. I was rushed to hospital and accepted treatment. With pain killers, I was able to go home later that day. No sooner had I got into the house than Gypsy came running. How lucky I was to accept her as my family member!
【导语】本文以动物为线索展开，讲述了作者收养了一只叫Gypsy的流浪狗，她似乎特别害怕陌生男人。一次作者不小心摔倒，无法求助，幸好有Gypsy的陪伴与安慰，直到隔壁邻居下班回家，听到作者呼救，打电话叫来救护车。Gypsy在屋子里面对这么多陌生男人时显得很平静。她似乎意识到他们是来帮助作者的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Gypsy显然被我的喊叫弄糊涂了。”可知，第一段可描写Gypsy陪伴作者的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“不久，我的邻居来到了房子里。”可知，第二段可描写邻居叫来救护车，虽然有很多陌生男人，但Gypsy没有乱叫。
2.续写线索：陪伴——安慰——呼救——欣慰——治疗——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.意识到：realize/be aware of
②.看：look at/watch
③.叫喊：call/shout at
情绪类
①.安慰：comfort/ give comfort to
②.幸运地：lucky /fortunately
【点睛】[高分句型1]. However, after a few minutes, she did the only thing she knew to do.（运用了省略关系代词that引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2]. It was my next-door neighbor, who had just come home and heard my shouts.（运用了who引导非限定性定语从句）
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