人教版初一（下）英语第20讲：unit 10语法篇（学生版） 学案

Unit 10 语法篇

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熟练掌握本章重点语法知识。

There be句型

There be句型的基本用法是表示“某地（或某时）有某人（或某物）”，其形式为“Therebe＋代词或名词（短语）＋地点／时间状语”。这里there是引导词，没有词义，be是谓语动词，代词或名词（短语）是主语。be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句是在be后加not；一般疑问句是将be放在句首；反意疑问句中的简短问句是由“be（或其否定式）＋there”构成。例如：

1．There is a desk and two chairs in the room．（紧挨着be动词的主语是a desk，是单数，故be的形式要用is）

2．There aren't two chairs and a desk in the room．（否定句）

3．Is there anything wrong with your ears？（Yes，there is．／No，there isn't．）

4．There wasn't a meeting yesterday，was there？（反意疑问句）

除此之外，还有一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”，要用“There be ＋sb．＋doing sth．＋地点／时间状语”。
例如：There are several children swimming in the river．河里有几个孩子在游泳。

There be 结构中常见的时态有如下几种情况：

通过上表可知：各种时态的变化是通过 be动词的变化来体现的。至于你提到的两个句子我们先不考虑对错，首要的问题是弄清楚There be与have所表示的意义。There be句型表示“存在”关系，have表示“所属”关系，两者不能混合在一个句子中。例如，要说“明天有一个班会。”（1）There will have a class meeting tomorrow．（×）（2）There is going to／will be a class meeting tomorrow．（√）有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时两种都可以用。例如：Class Three have a map of China on the wall．（“地图”为三班学生所有）There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three．（“地图”存在于三班）由此看来，There will have是错误的。

复习There be句型时除了掌握基础知识外，还应注意以下问题：

1．There be句型的考查更多的是将be动词与主语结合在一起进行的，即主谓的一致性。例如：

（1）There is _____ on the floor．

（2）There are _____ on the floor．

选项：A．cat B．water C．boxes D．football解析：

（1）由is可知主语应是可数名词单数或不可数名词，而A、D项中都缺少冠词a，故选B，同理可知（2）应选C。

2．如果作主语的是一个短语，则常常考查短语中的修饰语。可数名词的复数形式前可以用any，som e，few，a few，m any或用数词 ＋hundred／thousand／million，hundreds／ thousands／millions of，no等修饰；不可数名词可以受any，some，no，little，a little，much等词的修饰。例如：

（1）There were _____ students in our school．

A．hundreds B．eight hundred C．eight hundreds of

（2）There is _____ water．You needn't get some more．

A．few B．little C．much

解析：（1）由数词与名词的搭配关系可知选B，（2）由water可知排除A项，再由后一句意思便知选C。

3．注意不定代词的用法。

（1）不定代词在句中作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：There is nothing in the fridge．（2）不定代词受形容词修饰时要放在形容词的前面。例如：There is something interesting in today's newspaper．

4．There be句型的反意疑问句，要注意陈述部分的形式。

如果陈述部分含有little，few，no，nobody，none等否定词时，后面的简短问句中要用肯定形式。例如：There is nobody in the room，is there？

但有的含有否定意义的形容词修饰不定代词时则仍看作肯定句式。例如：There is something unusual in the room，isn't there？

5．要注意句子前后意思的一致性。

    有的句子单独看其意义时，可能不止一个选项适合于它，但如果联系上下句的意思则只能有一个恰当的选项。例如：（1）There is _____ food．You needn't buy any．（2） There is _____ food．You have to buy some．（A．any B．some C．no）从这两题中的第一个句子来看均可选用some和no，但与后面的句意结合看，答案则是唯一的：（1）B，（2）C。

There be句型命题趋向有两个方面：一是进一步加强对知识的理解与运用方面的考查。例如be动词与主语的一致性、名词或代词的修饰语、搭配关系、含否定词的反意疑问句等。二是有可能出现“有某人在做某事”这一句型，即“There be ＋sb．＋doing sth．＋地点／时间状语”。

1．There are few _____ in the fridge．Let's go and buy some peas，carrots and cabbages．

A．vegetables   B．fruit     C．meat    D．eggs

2．Look！There are some _____ on the floor．

A．child    B．water    C．boxes    D．girl

3．There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday．

A．was     B．will be    C．will have    D．are going to be

4．There _____ a football game in our school．

A．has     B．will have    C．will be

5．There is _____ food here．We'll have to buy some．

A．any     B．some    C．no

基础演练

一、单项选择（共5小题；共5.0分）

 1. --- Could you give me                  money?

--- Sorry. I don't have                  with me.

 2. Do you know how many                  a horse has and how many                  a bee (蜜蜂) has?

 3. How many                  can you see in the picture?

 4.                  some juice and milk in our fridge(冰箱).

 5. --- Would you like to come to my birthday party?

---                 .

二、按要求转换句型（共5小题；共10.0分）

 6. People would like to eat long noodles on their birthday. (对划线部分提问)

                                  people                                   eat on their birthday?

 7. Here is a sandwich for you. (改为复数形式)

Here                                   for you.

 8. There are some trees in front of the library. (改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)

---                                                    trees in front of the library?

---                 ,                                  .

 9. I want a medium bowl of noodles, please. (对划线部分提问)

                                  bowl of noodles                  you                 , please?

10. I would like to listen to music. (改为一般疑问句)

                 you                                   listen to music?

巩固提高

三、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)（共5小题；共5.0分）

11. 你想要哪种面条？

                                                   noodles would you like?

12. 我想要中碗的牛肉西红柿面。

I would like a                                   of noodles                  beef and                 .

13. --- 你在学校有些朋友吗？

--- 是的，我有一些外国朋友。

--- Do you have                  friends at school?

--- Yes, I have                  foreign friends.

14. 你听什么种类的音乐？

                                                                    do you listen to?

15. --- 你愿意加入我们吗？

--- 是的，我愿意。

---                                                                     join us?

--- Yes,                                                   .

一、单项选择（共5小题；共5.0分）

 1. Would you like some                 ?

 2. I often eat some                  and                  for breakfast.

 3. I would like to have                 .

 4. --- What can you see in the bowl?

---                 .

 5. I have twelve                  and thirteen                 .

二、完形填空（共10小题；共15.0分）

    How many         6         of Chinese food do you know? I'd like         7         you some specials.

            8        1 is noodles. There are many kinds of noodles in China, like rolled noodles, pulled noodles, knife-cut noodles and fried noodles. All of them         9         great.

    Special 2 is         10        . I think you must know         11        . Do you know the famous Kung Fu Panda cartoon movie? There are         12         kinds of Chinese specials in the movie: noodles and fried(油煎的) dumplings.         13         we also have another dumplings—boiled(水煮的) dumplings. We often eat boiled dumplings         14         the Spring Festival.

    I like Chinese food very much. I hope you         15         like it.

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三、阅读理解（共10小题；共20.0分）

A

16. If you have 30 RMB, you can buy                  kind(s) of desserts.

17. Today we order a large dessert, two small bowls of mutton and carrot noodles and a large bowl of tomato and egg noodles. We need to pay                  RMB.

18. Nancy likes desserts very much but she doesn't eat tomatoes or potatoes. She can eat                 .

19. Paul and his sister Emma go to Noodle House. Paul wants a large bowl and Emma wants a small bowl. They only have 6 RMB and Emma doesn't eat eggs or beef. They can eat a large bowl of                  noodles and a small bowl of                  noodles.

20. The two ads are mainly about different                 .

B

21. If you'd like hamburgers, you can                 .

22. What can't you have in Big Pizza?

23. What can you have at 11:30 p.m.?

24. Where can you eat ice-cream?

25. What is KFC's address?