所属成套资源:2023年中考英语专题一轮复习+题型特训及答案
【中考一轮专题复习】2023年中考英语专题复习+题型特训——01 名词(含答案)
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这是一份【中考一轮专题复习】2023年中考英语专题复习+题型特训——01 名词(含答案),共12页。试卷主要包含了名词的分类及用法,可数名词及其单,不可数名词及其用法,名词的所有格的构成及其用法等内容,欢迎下载使用。
考点一、名词的分类及用法
考点二、可数名词及其单、复数
1.可数名词的判定
(1)根据概念判断:可数名词是指能以数目来计算的名词,常常有单复数之分, 如:apple, teacher。
(2)根据修饰语或限定词判断:可数名词前往往有冠词(a/an/the),基数词(ne/tw/three …)以及限定词(sme/any/a few …)等,如:tw weeks, sme bks。
2.可数名词变复数的规则变化
3.可数名词变复数的不规则变化
4.其他情况
⊙练习
( )1.The farmer raised plenty f n his farm t sell fr fd and mney.
A.sheepB.cw
C.pigD.chicken
( )2.Lk at the tw ver there. They are teaching the students t play the pian.
A.wmen teacherB.wman teacher
C.wman teachersD.wmen teachers
考点三、不可数名词及其用法
※知识拓展
(1)常见的限定词
◆知识点 既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词
某些名词表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的,而在表示个体概念时是可数的。如下表:
注意: fish作鱼的种类讲时,是可数名词,复数为fishes;作鱼肉讲时,是不可数名词;作鱼的条数讲时,单复数同形,均为fish。
⊙练习
( ) 3.Eddie eats fd every day. Hb thinks he needs sme .
A.t much; exercisesB.t many; exercises
C.t many; exerciseD.t much; exercise
( ) 4.—Are yu hungry?
—Yes. Please give us .
A.three bread B.three piece f bread
C.three pieces f bread D.three pieces f breads
考点四、名词的所有格的构成及其用法
名词的所有格:在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间 距离 国家 城市的名词,常在词尾加's表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。翻译成:"的"。如:Tm's bike (汤姆的单车)
⊙练习
( ) 5.(2022•广东,语法选择33)At schl, she was her music favrite student.
A.teacher B.teachers C.teacher's
( ) 6.This year, the family went camping n Day, June 1st.
A.Child B.Child's C.ChildrenD.Children's
( ) 7.Nbdy thught it was easy t finish s much wrk in .
A.tw days' time B.tw-days time
C.tw day's time D.tw days time
◆知识点 名词辨析
1.语境辨析
这类考题要求考生运用自己的知识积累和生活经验,根据上下文语境及含义,推测出考题要表达的意思,从而得出正确的答案。
2.近义词辨析
对于含义相近的名词,主要从语法角度区分其不同之处。
(1)sprt,game,match与race
①sprt指以锻炼为主的“户外运动”。
②game指以胜负为主的“运动;比赛”。
③match意为“竞赛;比赛”,多指正式比赛。
④race意为“赛跑;赛马;赛车”。
(2)festival,hliday与vacatin
①festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子。
②hliday“假日;休息日;假期”,指法定假日。
③vacatin美式英语“假期”,指一段长时间的休息。
(3)jurney,tur,trip与travel
①jurney指长途旅行,含辛苦之意。
②tur指短期逗留的旅行、游览、观光等。
③trip指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等。
④travel指长期或长途的观光旅行。
(4)sund,nise与vice
①sund指各种声音。
②nise主要指“噪音”,特指不悦耳、不和谐的声音。
③vice多指人的“嗓音”。
(5)message,news与infrmatin
①message,作可数名词,指通过书写或电话等通信手段留言或发送的消息。
②news,作不可数名词,指通过报纸、广播和电视传播的新闻,也可指好消息、坏消息等。
③infrmatin,作不可数名词,泛指资料、情报、知识信息。
(6)idea,suggestin与advice
①idea“主意”,作可数名词。如:a gd idea。
②suggestin“建议”,作可数名词。如:tw suggestins。
③advice“建议”,作不可数名词。如:a piece f advice。
( )8.(2022•广东,完形填空41)Almst every Saturday mrning, Mlly pulls a table int her frnt yard.On the table she lays ut sme in seasn, such as carrts and tmates.
A.fruitsB.flwers
C.leaves D.vegetables
( )9.(2022•广东,完形填空43)Earlier that year, a fire brke ut in her huse. Mlly's had a hard time.
A.familyB.class
C.ffice D.team
( )10.(2022•广州,完形填空16)Sam was wrried. The fllwing mrning, he wuld have art class. It was his favurite class, but there was a . Sam saw the wrld differently frm everybdy else.
A.differenceB.prblem
C.reasnD.way
( )11.(2022•广州,完形填空23)Sam was already painting. He splashed(泼洒) large amunts f paint all ver the .
A.bkB.flr
C.paperD.wall
一、单项填空
1. Please keep quiet. If yu make a lt f , yu may disturb thers.
A. viceB. nise C. sund D. singing
2. He bught .
A. tw pairs f shes B. tw pair f shes C. tw pairs f she D. tw pair f she
3. —Where is yur seat?
—It’s between seats, in Rw 6.
A. Jack and Jhn B. Jack’s and Jhn C. Jack’s and Jhn’s D. Jack and Jhn’s
4. He was brn in Shanxi, but Shandng has becme his secnd .
A. hmeB. family C. huse D. place
5. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me .
A. tw range B. tw bttle f ranges
C. tw bttles f range D. tw bttles f ranges
6. All the teachers and students are having a meeting there.
A. wmen; girls B. wmen; girl C. wman; girls D. wman; girl
7. Culd yu please tell me sme abut Xi’an Internatinal Hrticultural Exp(世界园艺博览会)?
A. infrmatinB. advice C. pinins D. ideas
8.They dn’t have t d tday.
A. much hmewrk B. many hmewrks C. many hmewrk D. much hmewrks
9. —Culd yu please take a(n) fr the head teacher?
—Sure, I’ll be glad t.
A. infrmatin B. message C. newsD. sentence
10.The f mst trees will fall in autumn.
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves D. leave
11.The little has tw already.
A. baby; teethB. baby; tth C. babies; tth D. babies; teeth
12.—Did yu hear any strange when the earthquake happened?
—N, I was in my garden enjying the beautiful f my birds at that time.
A.vice; niseB. nise;sund C. vice; sund D. sund; vice
13. Prfessr Wang gave us a very useful n hw t prepare fr the exam.
A. adviceB. infrmatin C. experience D. suggestin
14. It is better t travel 10,000 miles than t read 10,000 bks,s it’s imprtant t have real _______ with languages, cultures and scieties.
A. cmmunicatin B. experience C. knwledge D. influence
15.—Oh, n! We have missed the train. What shuld we d?
—I’m afraid we have n but t wait fr anther ne.
A. decisinB. infrmatin C. reasn D. chice
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.They successfully saved tw (child) lives.
2.Yu shuld knw the (different) between the tw bks.
3.We saw sme (muse)in the dirty ld huse.
4.Every year, (百万)f peple dnate mney t the Hpe Prject.
5.Hw excellent yur (prnunce) is! Yu must have a gd teacher.
6.There are several (library)in the city.
7.There are six (Frenchman) talking ludly in the rm.
8. (teacher) Day is n September 10th.
9.We hpe that mre (China)will win hnur fr ur cuntry.
10.Mre actin must be taken t stp (pllute).
三、语篇特训(五育并举之劳育)
Cking is suppsed t be the mst basic living skill fr humans. Hwever, there are many kids wh are used t being fed and taken 1.________ f everywhere, like “little emperrs and little princesses”. They can't tell the 2.________ between fd materials like leeks (韭菜) and shallts (小葱).
In rder t stress (强调) the 3.________ f hard-wrking spirit educatin amng students, the Cmmunist Party f China Central Cmmittee recently released (发布) the guidelines. The guidelines call fr 4. ________ t respect labr (劳动) wrk. Students shuld learn basic life skills and develp gd wrking 5. ________ thrugh such educatin.
Students will be required t understand and master the basics f hme 6.________, frm preparing vegetables t finally being able t cmplete the whle prcess f hme cking independently. These will be lifelng 7.________ fr kids, helping them develp int well-runded individuals (个体), nt just students wh are able t take exams.
As 8.________ first teachers, parents shuld als encurage children t learn hw t d chres at hme. Students shuld master ne r tw life skills every year. These skills can include cking, washing their wn 9.________ and tidying their rms.
It's really imprtant fr students t take labr educatin bth at 10.________ and at hme.
四、完形填空
Tm wke up n Mnday mrning. He felt sick. He always felt sick n Mnday 1 . He had t g t schl fr a whle week! He almst wished there were n 2 . It was even mre difficult fr him t g back t schl!
He lay in bed and wndered what 3 he culd make this time. He lked at his bdy, but culd find nthing wrng. A little headache? N. He had used that excuse many 4 . Then he realized that ne f his 5 was lse(松动). Gd! He was just ging t start graning(呻吟) when he thught that Aunt Plly wuld pull the tth ut. That wuld hurt! He lked fr smething else. Suddenly he remembered what the dctr had said abut a certain prblem with 6 . He pulled his right 7 ut and lked at it. One f the tes was really hurting, Tm began t gran.
“What’s wrng with yu?” Aunt Plly asked.
“My te hurts.”
The ld lady fell int a 8 , smelling a little. “Tm, yu frightened me. Nw shut up
at nce and get ut f bed.”
Tm felt like a 9 being caught. “Well, it seemed all right. It hurt s much that I frgt my tth.”
“Tth, eh? What’s wrng with yur tth?”
“One f them is lse and it hurts badly.”
“N 10 ,” answered Aunt Plly. “I can pull it ut.”
“Please, Auntie! Dn’t pull it ut. It has stpped hurting nw. Please!”
“N way! Well, yu’ll have yur tth ut and yu’ll g t schl?
1. A. Mnday B. mrnings C. afternn D. evening
2. A. week-day B. week-days C. week-ends D. week-end
3. A. way B. excuse C. idea D. thught
3. A. mnth B. Mnday C. time D. week
5. A. teeth B. tth C. ft D. feet
6. A. fingers B. feet C. hands D. tes
7. A. arm B. ft C. hand D. leg
8. A. schl B. chair C. bed D. kitchen
9. A. student B. thieves C. thief D. patient
10. A. way B. prblem C. questin D. plan
【参考答案】
练习
1-2 AD 3-4 DC 5-7 CDA 8-11 DABC
一、单项填空
1—5 BACAC 6—10 BAABC 11—15 ADDBD
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. children’s 2. differences 3. mice 4. millins 5. prnunciatin
6. libraries 7. Frenchmen 8. Teachers’ 9. Chinese 10. plluting
三、语篇特训
1. care 2.difference(s) 3. imprtance 4. students 5. habits
6.cking 7.skills 8.children's 9.clthes 10.schl
四、完形填空
1—5 BCBCA 6—10 DBBCB
名词意义: 表示人/事物或抽象概念的词。如: Shanghai, Lilei, desk
专有名词
普通名词
国名 地名 人名
团体 机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
首字母大写
表单个的人或者事物
表一群人或一些事物的总称
表无法分为个体的物质
表抽象概念的词
如: Jim, June, China, Harbin.
teacher, apple…
family,plice…
water, mney…
health, friendship…
构成方法
读音
例子
一般情况下,在词尾加-s
在清辅音后读作/s/
bk→bks, map→maps
在元音及浊辅音后读作/z/
pen→pens, sea→seas
在t后,一起读作/ts/
plant→plants, student→students
在d后,一起读作/dz/
bird→birds, rad→rads
以x,s,ch,sh结尾的名词,加-es
一般读作/Iz/
bus→buses, bx→bxes, watch→watches
以f或fe结尾的词,把f或fe变为v再加-es
一般读作/vz/
leaf→leaves, wife→wives, knife→knives
以y结尾的名词
以辅音字母+ y结尾的名词,把y变为i,再加-es
一般读作/Iz/
baby→babies, cuntry→cuntries
以元音字母+y结尾的名词,在词尾加-s
一般读作/z/
mnkey→mnkeys, by→bys
以结尾的名词
有生命的加-es
一般读作/z/
tmat→tmates, ptat→ptates
无生命的加-s
一般读作/z/
pht→phts, radi→radis, pian→pians
构成方法
例子
变a为e型
man→men, wman→wmen, Englishman→
Englishmen, Frenchwman→Frenchwmen
变为ee型
ft→feet, tth→teeth, gse→geese
在词尾加-ren
child→children
单复数形式相同的名词
sheep→sheep, deer→deer, Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese
情况
例子
常以复数形式出现,与谓语动词复数形式连用
glasses, shrts, trusers, clthes …
形式上是复数,意义上是单数,与谓语动词单数形式连用
maths, news
一些集体名词形式上是单数,意义上是复数
peple, plice, staff(职员)
集体名词表示整体/集合体,视作单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数;表示该群体的个体成员,视作复数,作主语时谓语动词用复数
The family is nt large. (指家庭整体)
The family are all music lvers. (指家庭中的成员)
有些复数形式的名词表示特别的意义
manners(礼貌,礼仪), times(时代),drinks(饮料)…
有两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时
一般只将最后一个名词变为复数
sme by players, tw bus drivers
如果是man或wman与其所限定的名词,前后两个名词同时变为复数
men drivers,wmen dctrs
(1) 不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a/an或具体数字连用,但特指某物时可以与定冠词the连用。
(2) 要表示一定的数量时,常与a cup f, a piece f 等量词连用,如a cup f tea一杯茶; tw bttles f water两瓶水
(3) 只能修饰不可数名词的词有:a little(一点),little(几乎没有),much/a great deal f/a large amunt f(许多)
wrk
hmewrk
weather
advice
news
prgress
infrmatin
husewrk
fun
weight
knwledge
English
fd
drink
range
rice
bread
meat
chicken
prk
beef
用法
常见限定词
只能修饰可数名词
a few少许; few几乎没有; many很多;several几个;a cuple f 两(几)个;a great/large number f许多;大量
只能修饰不可数名词
a little少许; little几乎没有; much很多;a bit f一点;a large amunt f大量的;a gd/great deal f很多
既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词
a lt f=lts f=plenty f很多;sme/any一些;all全部的;enugh足够的;mst大多数的
名词
可数
不可数
名词
可数
不可数
weight
哑铃; 砝码
重量
height
高处; 高地
高度
chicken
小鸡
鸡肉
rm
房间
空间
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
time
次/倍数
时间
range
橘子
橙汁
wd
树林
木头,木材
paper
报纸;文件
纸
wrk
作品
工作
exercise
练习;习题
锻炼
life
生命
生活
fish
鱼的种类/条数
鱼肉
experience
经历
经验
's 所有格用于有生命的名词,或表示时间、距离、地点等
单数名词变所有格,只需在词尾加's
the teacher's desk, tday's paper, my grup's idea
复数名词变所有格
以s 结尾的复数名词只加'
students' reading rm, five minutes' walk
不以s结尾的复数名词加's
children's tys, men's rm
某人或物为两人所“共有”,在第二个人后面加's
This is James and Dick's rm.
不是两人共有,而是“各有”,在每个人后分别加's
Jenny's and Mary's rms face t the suth.
表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等名词(短语)单数后加's,复数后加'
a quarter f an hur's talk
twenty miles' trip
表示商铺、某人的家、诊所等时,名词所有格后的名词可以省略
at my grandpa's at a dctr's
f所有格用于无生命名词的所属关系
the map f the wrld, the windw f the rm, the gate f ur schl, the City f New Yrk
双重所有格
f + 名词's
a friend f my mther's, a picture f Lily's
f + 名词性物主代词
tw classmates f mine, three cusins f hers
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