备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练（广东专用）突破 09 动词及动词短语

一、考点总结

            实义动词∶及物动词，不及物动词

动词的分类  系动词∶be 动词，感官动词，get/become/turn 等

助动词∶do，does，did，will，would，have，has，had

情态动词∶can，may，must 等

动词词义辨析（必考）∶关键是根据上下文读懂语境，理解词义。

动词短语辨析（必考）关键是通过语境辨析动词短语的不同搭配，

               同一介词副词型

分三种类型记忆 同一动词型

               混合型

考点一、 实义动词

考点二、系动词

1. 系动词

系动词，也称连系动词（linking verb），就是把主语与表语连接起来，构成主系表结构，表示主语的特征、身份或存在状态的动词。

例如：She is a Chinese teacher.  她是一名语文老师。

系动词is连接主语She与表语a Chinese teacher，表明主语的职业特征。

He was out at that time.  那时他不在家。 系动词was连接主语He与表语out，表明主语He的状态。

系动词具有一定的含义，但不能独立作谓语，需和后面作表语的名词、形容词或介词短语一起构成合成谓语。

初中阶段常见的系动词有以下几种：

(1) 状态系动词：表示主语所处的状态或身份，常翻译为：在，是，如：be动词。例如：I was excited to hear the exciting news.听到这个令人兴奋的消息，我很兴奋。

(2) 感官系动词：表示身体感觉的，常见的有feel、smell、sound、taste、look。

例如：--- Let’s go to play basketball, Kate.凯特，让我们打篮球吧。--- OK, that sounds great.那听起来很棒！

(3) 持续系动词：表示主语持续保持某种状态，译为：保持，常见的系动词有keep、remain、stay等。例如：To stay healthy, we should exercise every day.  为了保持身体健康，我们应该每天锻炼身体。

(4) 变化系动词：表示主语从一种状态转化到另一种状态，意为：变得......，常见的系动词有become、turn、grow等。例如：She becomes more outgoing than she was three years ago. 她现在变得比三年前开朗多了。

(5)  表象系动词，表示"看起来像"，主要有seem, appear, look。例如：He seemed very sad. 他似乎很伤心。

考点三、助动词的用法

考点四、 容易混淆的常用动词用法辨析

常见行为动词辨析：

1.spend，cost，take与pay（四个花费）

例：He spends two hours in doing his homework every day.他每天花两小时做作业。

The car cost him a lot of money.这辆车花了他好多钱。

It took me half an hour to clean the room.我花了半小时打扫房间。

I paid 40 yuan for the book.这本书我花了40块钱。

2.borrow，lend与keep（三个借）

例：My sister often borrows books from the library.我妹妹常从图书馆借书。

I lent my bike to Jim yesterday.我昨天把自行车借给杰姆了。

How long can I keep the book?这本书我能借多久？

3.speak, say, talk与 tell（四个说）

例：He can speak Chinese.他能说中文。

Please say it in English.请用英语说。

They are talking about it. 他们在谈论这事。

He can tell you something about his family.他会告诉你有关他家的事。

4.forget与leave（两个忘）

例：I've forgotten his name.我已忘了他的名字。

He left his English book at home.他把英语书忘家里了。

5.look for 与find（两个找）

6.listen to和hear（两个听）

7.get、reach和arrive（三个到达）

8.dress、put on和 wear（三个穿）

考点五、 短语动词

常见动词短语

与get 有关的短语

1.get away逃,离                    2.get back返回，回来，回家    

3.get together 聚会，联欢            4. get down 降下       

5.get off下车                       6.get on/along 上车，进展，相处

7.get up 起床                      8.get out of从……出来           

9.get/be ready for为……做准备       10.get close (to) 接近  

11.get on with sb.与……相处

与give 有关的短语

1.give away捐赠，颁发      2.give back 归还       3.give out 分发      4.give up 放弃

与go 有关的短语

1.go away走开，离去               2.go by 走过，经过

3.go fishing (shopping, skating)去钓鱼(买东西，滑冰)   

4.go for a walk散步                 5.go in for 参加，喜欢   

6.go on 继续                       7.go on doing /with sth继续做某事

8.go out出去，熄灭                 9.go over 仔细检查，复习  

10.go through浏览，翻阅，通过

与put有关的短语

1.put away将…收起          2.put down 记下             3.put off 推迟                  

4. put on穿，戴            5.put on a performance演出       6.put on weight 增加体重  

7. put out 扑灭               8.put up 举起；粘贴；搭建

与turn有关的短语

 1.turn down 调小,拒绝     2.turn off 关掉    3.turn on 打开         4.turn up 调高，出现

与set有关的短语

1.set down 放下       2. set off 动身      3. set out 出发     4. set up 建立

与look有关的短语

1.look after 照顾    

2.look around 环顾

3.look up  查阅       

4.look for   寻找    

5.look into向…里面看，调查

6. look out 留神       

7. look through浏览  

8.look down upon 轻视

9. look forward to 盼望

10.look over检查

二、考点突破

一．单项选择

(    )1.Last month, a space agency (机构) told the public that they were      “a planet protection officer. ”

1. waking up  B. looking for   C. dealing with  D. talking about

(     )2.Several months ago, Mr. Smith went to a body engineering shop and ______ a small nose.

A.cared for           B.waited for          C.asked for        D.sent for

(     )3.She was getting a little unhappy and ______, leaving Cindy alone．

A.went over          B.went on             C.went by           D.went away

(     )4．—Do you like the song You and Me?

—Of course. It _______ really beautiful.

A．listens B．sounds C．thinks D．hears

(     )5．—A long journey can be covered only by taking one step at a time.

—I agree. All small thing can ________ and become big things.

A．add up B．set up C．show up D．get up

二、语法选择（动词与动词词组专练）

My family has always been poor,but we are a close family.We love our pets above anything else.In December,things 1     even worse for my family.We went from just being poor to being homeless and finally,we lost everything except for our two German shepherds.

It was a cold winter,but luckily we found a place where our two beautiful dogs could

2      with us.Unfortunately,one week into living there,all of our money was gone and our dog food was 3     .

We called all over the town，trying4      someone to help.However，nobody would 5     a hand.I was scared that our dogs would starve (饿死)So I called a small pet supply store(宠物用品店).

There,a young girl answered the phone.She checked the dog food prices and told me what they were.I 6      her about what we were going through.Then,this sweet girl told me that she had extra money and that she would buy the dog food for us.She 7     even ask us to pay back the money.

Hearing this,I started 8.My fears went away.I knew that our dogs would have food,all because this young girl 9    for it out of her own pocket.She 10    me,but she would help my dogs.

This young girl,whose name I don't even know,will always be an angel to me,and an angel to my dogs as well.

(     )1.A.get     B.gets     C.got    D.will get

(     )2.A.live     B.to live   C.lived   D.living

(     )3.A.bringing out    B.giving out   C.running out   D.checking out

(     )4.A.find     B.to find     C.finding      D.found

(     )5.A.give     B.gives     C.gave  D.giving

(     )6.A.talked    B.told    C.tells     D.talks

(     )7.A.hasn't   B.wasn't   C.didn't    D.doesn't

(     )8.A.cry     B.cries    C.cried     D.crying

(     )9.A.paid   B.spent    C.cost   D.took

(     )10.A.know  B.doesn't know   C.knew   D.didn't know

三．短文填空（动词专练）

Ten people from different countries and all walks of life were chosen to 1.        part in The Day I Ran China,a show2.         by Mango TV to experience China's countryside life in the 21st century.

The participants(参加者)are from Italy，Mexico，United Kingdom and other countries.They

3.        a beautiful village and compete in a series of challenges there.

The show has 4       international participants to Northwest,Southwest,North and Central China.

Participants 5      a trip to Hunan Province’s Yizhang county in a recent episode.E-commerce(电子商务)is popular as a major way for local people to