所属成套资源:【题型解密】2023年春英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练(广东专用)
备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练(广东专用)突破 10 情态动词
展开这是一份备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练(广东专用)突破 10 情态动词,文件包含备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练广东专用突破10情态动词解析版docx、备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练广东专用突破10情态动词原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共11页, 欢迎下载使用。
一、考点总结
1.有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和动词原形连用构成谓语
基本特征 2.无人称和数的变化
3.后接动词原形
1.表能力∶can,can't,could,couldn't
2.表请求∶will,would,may,could,might,shall
情态动词 情态动词的基本用法 3.表禁止∶mustn't
(9年7考) 4表不需要∶needn't
5.表建议∶should,had better
情态动词表推测 1.表肯定推测∶must>could>may>might
2.表否定推测∶can't>may not
考点一、情态动词的基本用法
情态动词 | 用法 | 例句 | ||||
can/could | 表示能力,意为"能,会" | I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。 | ||||
表示许可时,意为"可以,能够",相当于may | She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。 | |||||
用于推测,表示可能性,意为"可能",could比can更加不肯定,多用于否定或疑问句 | The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师,他去北京了。 There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面,可能是谁呢? | |||||
【知识拓展】 1. can的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, ...can;否定回答用No, ...can’t。 —Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗? —Yes, I can. 是的,我会。/No, I can’t 不,我不会。 2. can,could和be able to的区别:can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to可以用于各种时态;can( could)表示能力时,可用be able to代替。 I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。 She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了 I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。 | ||||||
may/might | 表示允许或许可,意为"可以" | May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗? | ||||
表示征询许可时,might比may的语气委婉 | —Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗? —Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。 | |||||
用于表推测时,是"可能,或许"之意,might语气更加不肯定,多用于肯定句 | He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定。 She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。 | |||||
【知识拓展】 1. may的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, ...may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly.;否定回答用No, ...can’t/mustn’t。 —Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗? —Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。/No, you can’t/mustn’t. 不,不可以。 2. 用于表示推测时,may和might一般不用于疑问句,而在疑问句中,常使用can;在否定句中,maynot/might not意为"可能不",而can’t/couldn’t意为"不可能"。 The young people might not like the idea. 年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。 It can’t/couldn’t be our headmaster. He has gone to America. 那人不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了。 | ||||||
must | 表示必须,一定要,指说话人的主观语气 | You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。 | ||||
mustn’t表示禁止,意为"千万不要,禁止",是说话人强有力的劝告 | You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。 | |||||
表示推测时,用于肯定句,意为"想必,一定",否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替 | This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。 He must be eighty now. 他现在想必有八十岁了。 | |||||
【知识拓展】 1. must的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, ...must.;否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to. —Must I clean the classroom now? 我必须现在打扫教室吗? —Yes, you must. 是的,你必须。/No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 不,你不必。 2. must和have to的区别: ①用must表示"必须"的意思时,通常着重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要去做某事;而have to着重于客观需要,含有"不得不"的意思。 We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。 You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了,不得不去看医生。 ②用must表示"必须",只有现在时态的形式,如果要表示过去时或将来时的"必须",就要用have to的相应形式。 You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。 They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。 | ||||||
will | 表示意志、愿望和决心,常译为"愿意" | If you will help us, we shall be very grateful. 如果你愿意帮助我们,我们将不胜感激。 | ||||
用于第二人称疑问句,表示请求或建议等 | Will you have dinner with me tonight? 今天晚上和我一起吃饭好吗? | |||||
表示习惯性动作或某种倾向,多用于现在时,常译为"总是" | Kate will sit there, waiting for her daughter to come back. 凯特总是坐在那儿等女儿回来。 | |||||
would | 作为will的过去式,可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等,意为"愿意" | He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。 | ||||
表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 | Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class. 他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。 | |||||
用于第二人称疑问句中,表示现在的请求、建议,比will的语气委婉 | Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary? 请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗? | |||||
【知识拓展】 would like意为"愿意,想要";would like/love to do sth 意为"愿意/想要做某事";would like sb to do sth意为"想要某人做某事"。 Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗? Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌吗? I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning. 我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。 | ||||||
shall | 用于第一、三人称疑问句,表示征求对方意见 | Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?’ Tom is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir? 汤姆正在门外等着,可以让他进来吗,先生? | ||||
用于第二、三人称陈述句时,表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等 | Yon shall fail if you don’’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作,你就会失败。 | |||||
should | shall的过去式,用于第一、三人称,多用于间接引语中,以征求对方意见 | I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。 | ||||
表示义务,职责时,意为"应当,应该",往往表示说话者的观点 |
| |||||
表示惊讶、遗憾等,意为"竟然,居然" |
| |||||
need | 表示"需要,必须",多用于疑问句和否定句 | Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗? You needn’t come so early. 你不必来这么早。 | ||||
【知识拓展】 need的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, ... must.;否定回答为No, ... needn’t. —Need he finish the article next week? 他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗? —Yes, he must. 是的,他必须完成。/No , he needn’t. 不,他不需要。 | ||||||
have to | 表示不得不,说明客观条件只能如此;有时态形式的变化;否定式don’t have to意为"不必"(= needn’t) | My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. 我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。 I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。 | ||||
考点二、情态动词的答语总结
确定情态动词答语的基本原则为用哪个情态动词提问就用哪个情态动词作答。但也有一些例外情况,这些例外情况也是考试的常见考点。
- May I...?句型的否定回答常用can’t或 mustn’t
—May I play computer games now, Mum?——我现在可以玩电脑游戏吗,妈妈?
—No, you can’t/mustn’t.——不,你不可以。
- Must I...?句型的否定回答常用needn’t或don’t have to
—Must I finish my homework tonight?——我今晚必须完成我的作业吗?
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to. You can do it tomorrow.——不,你不必。你可以明天再写。3.Could I...?句型的答语常用can
—Could I use your bike for a while?——我可以用一会儿你的自行车吗?
—Sure, you can.——当然,你可以。
4.Need I...?句型的答语,肯定回答一般用must, 否定回答一般用need not
—Need I leave so soon?——我有必要那么快就走吗?
—Yes, you must.——是的,你必须这样。
二、考点突破
一.单项选择
( )1.Dirty air and water are harmful. They ____ kill plants, and even people.
A.can B.can't C.should D.shouldn't
( )2.﹣Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice.
﹣If farmers____ start planting rice in salty water, China's food supply will surely rise.
A.can B.can't C.must D.mustn't
( )3.To keep children safe,we ___________ put the things like knives and medicine away in our house.
A.may B.should C.can D.Might
( )4.—Sam, ________ I join you in the community service?
—Of course you can.
A.can B.must C.should D.need
( )5.—Could you play the piano at the age of five?
—No, I ________. I started at six.
A.can’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.couldn’t
二、语法选择(情态动词专练)
笑对人生
When I was fourteen,the doctor examined me and said I got diabetes(糖尿病).
People often say that teenagers 1 hardly have any worries in their lives, but that's not always true. In my case, because of my illness,I always 2 be strict with myself.In school, some people 3 understand why I had to be careful about what I ate, or why I
4 give myself courage. Some classmates made fun of me, but luckily I had my mom by my side. She told me that I 5 care about these. I didn't know if I 6 do it, but I tried. I learned how to live with my illness. I even tried out for and took part in school play. Before I got sick, I 7 have been brave enough to do that.
There's a saying that"experience is the best teacher"and I believe it. My illness taught me that sometimes a bad situation 8 let you do your best and even try new things. It also taught me that I 9 notice the important things in life. Even now,when I am upset about something, I remind myself that life is god and that I 10 never lose heart. Living with diabetes hasn't been easy, but the experience has taught me some important life lessons—ones that I continue to get good things from every day.
( )1. A. can't B.can C. need D. needn't
( )2.A.had to B. wouldn't C.mustn't D. shall
( )3.A. may B.might not C. shall D.needn't
( )4.A.could B.couldn't C. had to D.needn't
( )5.A.need B. can C. can't D. needn't
( )6.A.could B. couldn't C. may not D. need
( )7.A. won't B. will C. wouldn't D. would
( )8.A.can't B. can C. need D.needn't
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