备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练（广东专用）突破 09 动词及动词短语

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 一、考点总结            实义动词∶及物动词，不及物动词动词的分类  系动词∶be 动词，感官动词，get/become/turn 等助动词∶do，does，did，will，would，have，has，had 情态动词∶can，may，must 等动词词义辨析（必考）∶关键是根据上下文读懂语境，理解词义。动词短语辨析（必考）关键是通过语境辨析动词短语的不同搭配，               同一介词副词型分三种类型记忆 同一动词型               混合型考点一、 实义动词分类用法例句及物   动词能直接跟宾语She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。【知识拓展】1. 单宾语动词：即只可接一个宾语的动词，如：accept接受；discover发现；enjoy享受；forget忘记；borrow借入；buy买；catch抓；invent发明；found建造；like喜欢；find寻找；forget忘记；receive接受；see看见；say说；show展示；make做；tell告诉等。I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起，我忘了你的地址。2. 双宾语动词：即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词，如：give给；buy买；pay付款；hand递；read读；return返还；sell卖等。I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。3. 接复合宾语的动词：后接宾语和宾补的动词，如：believe相信；find发现；hear听见，听说；keep保持；make使得；see看见等。They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。4. 接动名词作宾语的动词：如advise建议；consider考虑；finish完成；imagine想象；practise练习；suggest建议等。She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。5. 接不定式作宾语的动词：如agree同意；decide决定，下决心；hope希望；refuse拒绝；manage设法等。Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。不及物动词不能直接跟宾语He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。【知识拓展】常见的不及物动词：ache疼痛；appear出现；arise出现，上升，起立；arrive到达；belong属于；care关心；come来；cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，变得微弱；fall落下；flow流动；go去；happen发生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen听；live生活，居住；look看；occur发生；rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳考点二、系动词1. 系动词系动词，也称连系动词（linking verb），就是把主语与表语连接起来，构成主系表结构，表示主语的特征、身份或存在状态的动词。例如：She is a Chinese teacher.  她是一名语文老师。系动词is连接主语She与表语a Chinese teacher，表明主语的职业特征。He was out at that time.  那时他不在家。 系动词was连接主语He与表语out，表明主语He的状态。系动词具有一定的含义，但不能独立作谓语，需和后面作表语的名词、形容词或介词短语一起构成合成谓语。初中阶段常见的系动词有以下几种：    表示主语所处的状态be 表示人体感官的系动词taste, smell, sound, look, 表示看起来/似乎处于某种状态appear, seem 表示主语由一种状态变换到另一种状态go, get, turn, become 表示主语持续或保持某种身份或状态keep, stay, stand, lie (1) 状态系动词：表示主语所处的状态或身份，常翻译为：在，是，如：be动词。例如：I was excited to hear the exciting news.听到这个令人兴奋的消息，我很兴奋。(2) 感官系动词：表示身体感觉的，常见的有feel、smell、sound、taste、look。例如：--- Let’s go to play basketball, Kate.凯特，让我们打篮球吧。--- OK, that sounds great.那听起来很棒！(3) 持续系动词：表示主语持续保持某种状态，译为：保持，常见的系动词有keep、remain、stay等。例如：To stay healthy, we should exercise every day.  为了保持身体健康，我们应该每天锻炼身体。(4) 变化系动词：表示主语从一种状态转化到另一种状态，意为：变得......，常见的系动词有become、turn、grow等。例如：She becomes more outgoing than she was three years ago. 她现在变得比三年前开朗多了。(5)  表象系动词，表示"看起来像"，主要有seem, appear, look。例如：He seemed very sad. 他似乎很伤心。考点三、助动词的用法be人称数现在时态过去时态现在分词过去分词第一人称单数amwasbeingbeen复数arewere第二人称单数arewere复数arewere第三人称单数iswas复数arewere【知识拓展】be的用法：be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。1. ＂be+现在分词＂构成进行时态。My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。2. ＂be+及物动词的过去分词＂构成被动语态。The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。助动词do形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形dodo notdon’t第三人称单数doesdoes notdoesn’t过去式diddid notdidn’t【知识拓展】助动词do的用法：do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。I don’t like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。2. ＂do+动词原形＂构成强调句。I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。助动词have形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形havehave nothaven’t第三人称单数hashas nothasn’t过去式hadhad nothadn’t【知识拓展】助动词have的用法：have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。We haven’t seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了考点四、 容易混淆的常用动词用法辨析常见行为动词辨析：1.spend，cost，take与pay（四个花费）spend指花费时间或者金钱，后接on sth或(in)doing sth；cost主语为物，意为“值多少钱”；take表示花费多少时间，可用于固定句型It+takes/took+sb.+时间+to do sth；pay与介词for连用例：He spends two hours in doing his homework every day.他每天花两小时做作业。The car cost him a lot of money.这辆车花了他好多钱。It took me half an hour to clean the room.我花了半小时打扫房间。I paid 40 yuan for the book.这本书我花了40块钱。2.borrow，lend与keep（三个借）borrow是指“借入，借进（从他人那里借某东西为自己所用）”，常用短语：borrow sth. from sb. /sp.；lend指“借出去（借给他人）”，常用短语：lend sth. to sb. /lend sb. sth.（通常跟双宾语）。区别时关键看主语，是主语借给别人就是lend，主语向别人借就是borrow; keep是延续性动词，常与表示一段时间的状语连周，表示“借多长时间”。例：My sister often borrows books from the library.我妹妹常从图书馆借书。I lent my bike to Jim yesterday.我昨天把自行车借给杰姆了。How long can I keep the book?这本书我能借多久？3.speak, say, talk与 tell（四个说）speak意为“讲话”，着重指在会议上的演讲，或指讲某种语言等。say意为“说”，着重说的内容，用作及物动词。talk意为“谈话”，着重双方交谈。talk to/with sb about sth表示“和某人谈论某事”。tell意为“告诉”，一般接双宾语。tell a story，“讲故事”；tell a lie，“撒谎”例：He can speak Chinese.他能说中文。Please say it in English.请用英语说。They are talking about it. 他们在谈论这事。He can tell you something about his family.他会告诉你有关他家的事。4.forget与leave（两个忘）forget意为“忘记（记忆中的东西）”。表示“遗忘”时，不能同表示地点的词语连用；leave意为“落下，遗落”，指把某物遗忘在某个地方，后接表示地点的词语。例：I've forgotten his name.我已忘了他的名字。He left his English book at home.他把英语书忘家里了。5.look for 与find（两个找）look for强调寻找的过程find强调找的结果6.listen to和hear（两个听）listen to强调听的动作hear强调听的结果7.get、reach和arrive（三个到达）get to+地点名词reach及物动词，后面可以直接跟地点名词arrivearrive in+大地方  at+小地方8.dress、put on和 wear（三个穿）dressdress sb.给某人穿衣服，dress sb.up打扮某人put on穿上、戴上，表示动作wear穿着，戴着，表示状态考点五、 短语动词类别用法常见的动词短语动词十介词这类短语动词后跟宾语时，宾语都须置于介词之后。look for, look after, wait for, talk about, shout at, shout to, work on, hear from, think of, depend on, belong to动词十副词及物性质的短语动词后跟名词（词组）作宾语时，宾语置于副词前后均可；后跟代词作宾语时，宾语要置于副词之前。cheer up, clean up, put up, fix up, work out,  give out, give away, think over, hand in, put on, try on, put away, pick up, give back动词十副词+介词这类短语动词后跟宾语时，宾语应置于介词之后。catch up with, look forward to, keep away from, runout of, get along with, get out of, come up with动词十名词十介词它们相当于及物动词，后面要接宾语。make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, take notice of, take part inbe十形容词十介词 be good at, be interested in, be good for, be worried about动词十反身代词（+介词）这类短语相当于及物动词，其后可按宾语devote oneself to help oneself to, dress oneself常见动词短语与get 有关的短语1.get away逃,离                    2.get back返回，回来，回家     3.get together 聚会，联欢            4. get down 降下        5.get off下车                       6.get on/along 上车，进展，相处 7.get up 起床                      8.get out of从……出来            9.get/be ready for为……做准备       10.get close (to) 接近   11.get on with sb.与……相处与give 有关的短语1.give away捐赠，颁发      2.give back 归还       3.give out 分发      4.give up 放弃 与go 有关的短语1.go away走开，离去               2.go by 走过，经过 3.go fishing (shopping, skating)去钓鱼(买东西，滑冰)    4.go for a walk散步                 5.go in for 参加，喜欢    6.go on 继续                       7.go on doing /with sth继续做某事 8.go out出去，熄灭                 9.go over 仔细检查，复习   10.go through浏览，翻阅，通过 与put有关的短语1.put away将…收起          2.put down 记下             3.put off 推迟                   4. put on穿，戴            5.put on a performance演出       6.put on weight 增加体重   7. put out 扑灭               8.put up 举起；粘贴；搭建与turn有关的短语 1.turn down 调小,拒绝     2.turn off 关掉    3.turn on 打开         4.turn up 调高，出现与set有关的短语1.set down 放下       2. set off 动身      3. set out 出发     4. set up 建立与look有关的短语
1.look after 照顾     2.look around 环顾3.look up  查阅        4.look for   寻找     5.look into向…里面看，调查6. look out 留神        7. look through浏览   8.look down upon 轻视9. look forward to 盼望10.look over检查二、考点突破一．单项选择(    )1.Last month, a space agency (机构) told the public that they were      “a planet protection officer. ” waking up  B. looking for   C. dealing with  D. talking about(     )2.Several months ago, Mr. Smith went to a body engineering shop and ______ a small nose.A.cared for           B.waited for          C.asked for        D.sent for(     )3.She was getting a little unhappy and ______, leaving Cindy alone．A.went over          B.went on             C.went by           D.went away(     )4．—Do you like the song You and Me?—Of course. It _______ really beautiful.A．listens B．sounds C．thinks D．hears(     )5．—A long journey can be covered only by taking one step at a time. —I agree. All small thing can ________ and become big things.A．add up B．set up C．show up D．get up二、语法选择（动词与动词词组专练）My family has always been poor,but we are a close family.We love our pets above anything else.In December,things 1     even worse for my family.We went from just being poor to being homeless and finally,we lost everything except for our two German shepherds.It was a cold winter,but luckily we found a place where our two beautiful dogs could2      with us.Unfortunately,one week into living there,all of our money was gone and our dog food was 3     .We called all over the town，trying4      someone to help.However，nobody would 5     a hand.I was scared that our dogs would starve (饿死)So I called a small pet supply store(宠物用品店).There,a young girl answered the phone.She checked the dog food prices and told me what they were.I 6      her about what we were going through.Then,this sweet girl told me that she had extra money and that she would buy the dog food for us.She 7     even ask us to pay back the money.Hearing this,I started 8.My fears went away.I knew that our dogs would have food,all because this young girl 9    for it out of her own pocket.She 10    me,but she would help my dogs.This young girl,whose name I don't even know,will always be an angel to me,and an angel to my dogs as well.(     )1.A.get     B.gets     C.got    D.will get(     )2.A.live     B.to live   C.lived   D.living(     )3.A.bringing out    B.giving out   C.running out   D.checking out(     )4.A.find     B.to find     C.finding      D.found(     )5.A.give     B.gives     C.gave  D.giving(     )6.A.talked    B.told    C.tells     D.talks(     )7.A.hasn't   B.wasn't   C.didn't    D.doesn't(     )8.A.cry     B.cries    C.cried     D.crying(     )9.A.paid   B.spent    C.cost   D.took(     )10.A.know  B.doesn't know   C.knew   D.didn't know三．短文填空（动词专练）Ten people from different countries and all walks of life were chosen to 1.        part in The Day I Ran China,a show2.         by Mango TV to experience China's countryside life in the 21st century.The participants(参加者)are from Italy，Mexico，United Kingdom and other countries.They 3.        a beautiful village and compete in a series of challenges there.The show has 4       international participants to Northwest,Southwest,North and Central China.Participants 5      a trip to Hunan Province’s Yizhang county in a recent episode.E-commerce(电子商务)is popular as a major way for local people to