备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练(广东专用)突破 02 代词
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一、考点总结
1、人称代词的用法;2、物主代词的用法;3、指示代词的用法;4、反身代词的用法;5、不定代词的用法;6、初中常见不定代词用法辨析;7、相互代词的用法;8、疑问代词的用法;9、it的用法
考点一、人称代词
1. 定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。
The cat is small. It(此处代指第三人称单数 The dog)is Mary’ s.
2. 分类:人称代词主格和人称代词宾格
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
3. 用法
(1)通常主格作主语(在句首,动词前)。
► He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
(2)宾格作宾语(在动词或介词后)或作表语(在be动词后)。
► Can you understand me? 你能理解我吗?(作宾语)
► —Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门?
—It’s me. 是我。(作表语)
(3)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。
► Sam is much taller than I/me. 山姆比我高得多。
(4)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它代表主语时也是如此。
► —I like travelling. 我喜欢旅游。
—Me too. 我也喜欢。
(5)人称代词并列时的排列顺序。
①人称代词单数并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称→第三人称→第一人称,即you, he/she/it and I(若是承担错误责任,第一人称应当先)。
► It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰使她生气了。
②复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称→第二人称→第三人称,即we, you and they。
考点二、物主代词
1. 物主代词的形式和用法
(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,用于名词前作定语,不能单独使用;当表示强调时,形容词性物主代词可与own连用,表示“某人自己的”。
如:①This is his computer. 这是他的电脑。
②This is my own room. 这是我自己的房间。
(2)名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,具有名词的特征,其后不能再接名词,在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。且可与of连用构成双重所有格。
如:①My idea is quite different from hers. 我的观点和她的大不相同。(hers=her idea)
②This is a book of hers. 这是她的一本书。
考点三、反身代词
1.反身代词可在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。如:
(1)He can take care of himself. 他能照顾他自己。(作宾语)
(2)The poor boy in the story was myself. 这个故事里可怜的男孩是我自己。(作表语)
(3)You should ask the teacher himself. 你应该问老师他自己。(作同位语)
2.反身代词常见的固定搭配:
help oneself (to) 随意吃/喝; enjoy oneself 玩得愉快;
dress oneself 自己穿衣; teach oneself=learn by oneself自学;
make oneself at home使某人感到宾至如归; come to oneself 苏醒;
say to oneself 自言自语; by oneself 单独地,独自地;
for oneself 为自己; look after oneself/take care of oneself 照顾自己;
lose oneself in(doing)sth. 沉溺于……; devote oneself to 致力于……
3.反身代词必须与主格保持一致。如:
They enjoyed themselves in the park.
Tom's father learned English by himself.
考点四、指示代词
常用的指示代词有this , that , these , those 。
1.近指: this these 远指: that those
2.用法:
(1)that those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复. That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词.
The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai .
The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop.
A.this B.that C.one D.those
(2)this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.
He had a bad cold ,that is why he didn’t come .
(3)在电话用语中,this 代替自己,而that 代替对方.
This is Tom speaking . Who is that ?
考点五、 it的用法
在初中英语学习中,我们经常会见到it,但是很多学生对it的用法掌握不牢,出现了很多错误。现将it 的用法做个简单小结,帮助同学们正确理解和运用。
(1)it指天气、时间、距离等。如:It's getting hotter in summer. 夏天天气越来越热。
(2)指代上文提到的事物或情况
e.g. Look up the word in the dictionary if you can't understand it.如果不懂这个单词,就查词典。
(3)it作形式宾语,代替由动词不定式或从句等表示的真正宾语。常用于以下句型:“…find/think/make it+adj.+to do sth.”,意为“……发现/认为/使得做某事是……的”
如:I find it important to learn English. 我发现学习英语很重要。
(4)it作形式主语,常用于以下句型:
①“It's adj. (+ for/of sb.) + to do sth.”,意为“做某事(对某人来说)是……的”
e.g. It is very difficult for me to finish the task alone.独自完成这项任务对我来说是很难的。
It's so kind of you to help me solve the problem. 你真是太好了,帮我解决问题。
②It’s +adj.+that从句…是…的。如:It’s dangerous that you do exercise without taking off your masks.
③It takes/took(sb.)+一段时间+to do sth.做某事花费(某人)多长时间。
(5)it,one,that作代词时的用法辨析:
① it指上文提到过的同一事物。如:I have a schoolbag. It is very beautiful. 我有一个书包。它很漂亮。
② one 泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个,同类而不同一。如:
Your dictionary is very useful. I also want to buy one. 你的字典很有用。我也想买一本。
③ that常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复。如:
The price of rice is higher than that of flour. 米的价格比面粉的价格高。
考点六、不定代词
不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
1. 不定代词的句法功能
不定代词
成分
all,both,each,neither,either,much,little,many,few,other,some,any,one
在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语
everyone,everybody,everything,someone, somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing,none
在句中可作主语、宾语和表语
every,no
在句中只能作定语
1. 不定代词的基本语法
(1)some、any的用法
用法
例句
some和any作定语时既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词
Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 袋子里的一些大米已经卖出去了。(修饰不可数名词)
Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹吗?(修饰可数名词)
some多用于肯定句;在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any
Some of the boys are good at swimming. 一些男孩擅长游泳。
Will you give me some water? 请给我一些水好吗?
any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中;用于肯定句中,表示"任何"
If you have any questions, please ask me. 如果你有问题,可以问我。
Any child needs love. 任何一个孩子都需要爱。
some和any可以用来修饰单数名词,some表示"某一";any表示"任何的"
Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以回答这个问题。
Someday Chinese people will fly to the moon. 某天中国人将会飞上月球。
(2)few,a few,little,a little的用法
用法
用于可数名词
用于不可数名词
表示肯定概念
a few虽少,但有几个
a little虽少,但有一点
表示否定概念
few不多,几乎没有
little不多,没有什么
【知识拓展】
1. 这四个词或词组在句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。
Few of us have been to Beijing. 我们中几乎没有人去过北京。(主语)
I know little about the book. 我几乎不知道这本书的内容。(宾语)
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。(定语)
He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。(定语)
2. a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示"有点,稍微",little表示"很少"。
I’ m a little hungry. 我有点俄。(修饰形容词hungry)
Let him sleep a little. 让他睡一会儿。(修饰动词sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please. 玛丽,请走快一点儿。(修饰副词比较级)
(3)other,the other,others,the others,another的用法
用法
例句
other
某一个,另一些,其他的。不能单独使用,后面要跟单数名词或复数名词,泛指别的
Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里?
others
其他。必须单独使用,泛指别人或别的东西,常用于"some... others"结构
Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的,另一些是黑的。
the other
两个中的另一个,剩下的一个。特指,常用于"one... the other..."结构
She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐,一个是护士,另一个是老师。
the others
其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部
In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。
another
另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可单独用,也可接单数名词或名词复数,表示"另几个,再几个"
You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里,不是吗?
(4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法
用法
例句
all
①侧重指三者或三者以上"都,全部,一切",在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语;
all于否定句时,表示部分否定;表示全部否定使用none。
All the students are on the playground. 所有的学生都在操场上。
Not all books are good.(= All books are not good. 不是所有的书都是好书。
【知识拓展】all作主语,指代人时,谓语动词使用复数形式,指代事情时,谓语动词一般使用单数;作同位语时,all在句中的位置与both相同。
All goes very well. 一切进展非常顺利。
both
①表示"两者都",可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语;
②用于否定句表示部分否定,全部否定使用neither;
③both... and"两者都,既……又……"。
They both are not workers. 他们两个不都是工人。
Both Carl and Jeff are good at playing football. 卡尔和杰夫都擅长踢足球
【知识拓展】both作主语时,谓语动词使用复数形式;作主语的同位语时,位于be动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前。
Both of them have been to Beijing. 他们两人都去过北京。
They all enjoyed it. 他们都喜欢它。
none
①意为"没有人,没有一个,一点儿也没有,作主语和宾语,不作定语;
②none指代可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可,而指代不可数名词时,谓语动词必须使用单数形式。
None of the books are mine. 这些书都不是我的。
None of the rubbish has been removed. 垃圾一点也没运走。
【注意】none与no one的区别:none既可指人,又可指物,而no one意为"没有人",只能用于指人。作主语时,谓语用单数;none可以与of搭配,而no one无此用法;none用于回答how many或how much引出的特殊疑问句,而no one用于回答who引出的特殊疑问句。
—How many students are there in the classroom now? 现在教室里有多少学生?
—None. 没有一个人。
—Who is in the classroom now? 现在谁在教室呢?
—No one. 没人。
either
①表示"两者中任何一个",可作主语、宾语和定语;
②either作主语时,谓语动词应使用单数形式;作定语时,修饰单数名词。
You can park on either side of the street. 你在街道的哪边停车都可以。
The two guests have arrived and either is welcome. 两个客人都到了,而且都受欢迎。
【知识拓展】
(1)either可用于搭配"either... or...",意为"或者……或者……;要么……要么……"。
Either he or I am to blame. 或者他或者我将受到责备。
(2)either可作为副词,意为"也",用于否定句的句末。
He won’ t go and I won’ t go either. 他不去,我也不去。
neither
①意为"两者都不",可作主语、宾语和定语;
②neither... nor..."既不……也不……"。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。
Neither he nor I am a doctor. 他和我都不是医生。
【注意】neither作主语时,谓语动词使用单数形式;作定语时,修饰单数名词。
(5)复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,every,no与one,body,thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词,如something,everybody,anyone,nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。
用法
例句
复合不定代词一般用作单数,在句中作主语、宾语或表语
Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。(主语)
Do you need anything? 你需要点什么吗?(宾语)
Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语)
复合不定代词被定语修饰时,定语须放在它们后面
There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。
由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似,而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时,常表示"无论什么东西,随便什么东西/事情"
There’ s always somebody at home in the evenings. 晚上总有人在家。
Is there anything interesting in the newspaper? 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗?
【注意】
every day与everyday的区别:
1. every day是名词短语,在句中充当状语,修饰整个句子。
I finish my homework before 9 every day. 我每天九点前完成作业。
2. everyday是形容词,在句中充当定语,修饰名词。
Everyday work makes me bored. 每天的工作让我很烦。
二、考点突破
一.单项选择
( )1. Workers started to build the bridge in May. 2018. ____ cost $2. 8 million and took over two years to Complete.
A. It B. Its C. They D. Theirs
解析:A 工人们从2018年5月份开始建造这座桥。它的售价为2.8百万美元,花了两年多的时间才完成。缺少主语,指代前面的 bridge,单数,主格用It. 答案: A
( )2.One man has turned his interest into love and this love made _______ write many books about China.
解析:句意:一个男人把他的兴趣变成了爱,这种爱使他写了很多关于中国的书。指代前面主语的one man, 作动词make的宾语,因此用him.
( )3. Judie decided to ask her dad for help as it was ____ first time to make a kite.
A.her B.herself C.hers D.she
解析:her她/她的,可做人称代词宾格或物主代词,herself她自己,反身代词,hers名词性物主代词,she人称代词主格。her first time她的第一次。句子意思:Judie决定去向她父亲寻求帮助,因为这是她第一次去学制作风筝。答案:A
( )4.The girl in a red hat is from the UK. ______ name is Linda.
A.Her B.His C.Your D.My
解析:那个戴着红帽子的女孩来自英国。她的名字叫琳达。A. Her她的;B. His 他的; C. Your你的,你们的;D. My我的。由句子The girl in a red hat is from the UK. 可知,Linda是女生,因此排除B。结合句意可知,她的名字叫琳达。故选A。
( )5.Tom is a book lover. ______ likes reading very much.
A.He B.She C.You D.It
解析:句意:汤姆是一个爱书的人。他非常喜欢阅读。He他;She她;You你;It它。Tom是一个男
二.语法选择(代词专练)
A young man was driving down a suburban(郊区的)street,going a bit too fast in1. new car.There were many kids playing between the cars parked on the side of the street.
As his car passed,a child suddenly appeared and threw a brick at the car.The man stopped the car and jumped out.
He grabbed the kid and shouted at 2. ,“what are you doing?”He continued yelling,"That's a new car.3. will be expensive to fix the damage you did with that brick.4. did you do it?”
“I’m sorry.I didn’t know5. to do!It’s my brother,”he said.“He rolled off the curb(马路牙子)and fell out of his wheelchair(轮椅).I can’t lift him up.”The boy asked the man,“Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair?He’s hurt and he’s too heavy for 6. .”
The young man swallowed(吞咽)and said7.. .He lifted the kid's brother back into the wheelchair.
“Thank you,sir,”the child said.The man then watched the little boy push his brother toward
8. home.
The young man did not repair the dent(凹痕)in his car.He kept it to remind 9. not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick to get his attention.
Sometimes,when you don't make the time to listen,life throws a brick at10. head.
( )1.A.him B.he C.his D.himself
( )2.A.he B.his C.him D.himself
( )3.A.It B.This C.That D.It’s
( )4.A.What B.When C.Why D.How
( )5.A.what B.who C.which D.whom
( )6.A.I B.me C.he D.him
( )7.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing
( )8.A.her B.them C.their D.theirs
( )9.A.he B.him C.his D.himself
( )10.A.you B.your C.his D.yours
解析:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位年轻人正开车行驶在一个郊区的街道上时,突然一个小孩儿窜出来,向他的车扔砖头。他勃然大怒,抓住小孩问他为什么要这样做。当小孩告诉了年轻人他这样做的真实原因后,他帮助小孩把他的哥哥扶上轮椅。
1. C本题考查代词。由空后面的new car可知,这里缺少的是形容词性物主代词,且上文提到了A young man,故选C.
2.C本题考查代词。shout at sb.冲某人大喊;动词短语后跟宾格形式。在本句中,宾语him指代前文的the kid。
3.A本题考查代词。It在本句中作形式主语,真正的主语是to fix the damage you did with that brick.
4.C本题考查代词和副词。根据句意可知,年轻人质问小孩为什么要用砖头砸他的小汽车。故选C。
5.A本题考查代词。由语境可知,是不知道做什么,故选A。
6.B本题考查代词。根据上下文可知,小男孩的哥哥受伤了,但因为哥哥太重,小男孩无法把哥哥扶上轮椅。介词for后面应用人称代词的宾格形式,故选B。
7.D本题考查代词。根据上下文可知,年轻人被小男孩的话感动了,不再为小男孩之前的行为生气,所以什么也没说,故选D。
8.C本题考查代词。这里的名词home指的是小男孩和他哥哥的家,名词前应该用形容词性物主代词,故选C。
9.D本题考查代词。remind oneself提醒某人自己。故选D。
10.B本题考查代词。名词head前应该用形容词性物主代词来修饰根据句意可知,此处应用your,故选B。
三.语法选择(代词专练)
It was a fine day. The sun was shining and the wind was gentle.
The kids were playing in their backyard when a little cat tried to cross into their yard. Unluckily, 1 got stuck (卡住的)under the fence (篱笆). The kids tried to free the cat, but they couldn't, so 2 asked their mother for help. The mother freed the cat. The cat looked so cute that the children begged (乞求)to keep it. Their mother said,“I suppose we can.I don't mind 3 , but you must ask your father, too.”
The kids waited anxiously (焦急地)for their dad to come back from work. “Do you think our dad will allow us to keep 4 ” the girl asked. Before the boy answered the girl, they heard their father opening the door. “Hi, daddy,” they both shouted loudly at the same time.
“You are surely happier than usual to see me today.What is up?” their father said.
“ 5 , daddy. We just love you so much, ” the girl replied. That is when their mother said, “Go ahead. Ask your dad.”
The girl told her dad 6 had happened and asked to keep the cat.The father said,“No, you can't. We have fed five cats so far.
7 mommy and I have no time to take care of any more.” Hearing this, the kids lowered (低下)their heads disappointedly.
Seeing the sad looks on the kids' faces, the father changed 8 mind. He said,“All right.Since you love it so much, you can keep it.” Hearing this, the kids happily screamed,“Hooray! Thank you, daddy!” However, the father added (补充说)that they must promise to look after the cat by 9 .
The kids were so happy to have 10 pet friend. Then the cat was given the name “Lucky” by the kids.So the cat had a place to call home.
( )1. A.its B.it C.it's D.it has
( )2. A.they B.their C.them D.theirs
( )3. A.me B.my C.myself D.mine
( )4. A.that B.it C.one D.its
( )5. A.Anything B.Something C.Nothing D.Everything
( )6. A.who B.that C.what D.which
( )7. A.Your B.Yourself C.You D.Yours
( )8. A.his B.him C.he D.himself
( )9. A.them B.theirs C.they D.themselves
( )10.A.other B.the other C.another D.others
解析:
1. 考查人称代词,放在动词got前,用主格it做主语。因此答案选B
2. 考查人称代词,放在动词asked前,用主格they做主语。因此答案选A
3. 考查反身代词,我不介意我自己,主语是I 因此用myself。因此答案选C
4. 考查it的特殊用法,it可以指代同类同物,这里指代上文出现的cat。因此答案选B
5. 考查复合不定代词,根据语境,没有一开始就直接跟她父亲提到cat,因此用nothing. 因此答案选C
6. 考查疑问代词,缺少意思“什么”,因为用what。What had happened...将会发生什么。因此答案选C
7. 考查物主代词,后面有名词mommy,用形容词性物主代词your. 因此答案选A
8. 考查物主代词,后面有名词mind,主语是the father,用形容词性物主代词his. 因此答案选A
9. 考查反身代词,by oneself固定词组,亲自的,对应人称是they,因此用themselves. 因此答案选D
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