备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练（北京专用）突破 15 定语从句
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一、考点总结
考点一、关系代词的用法
1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
先行词 | 关系代词 | ||
先行词是物 | that/ which | whose(人或物)所有格 | |
先行词是人 | who/that(主、宾) | ||
who/whom/that/不填(宾) | |||
特殊情况
| 只能用that的情况
| 先行词为 everything ,all, little, much等不定代词时 先行词由all, every, no, any, some, little，much修饰时 先行词由 the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时 先行词由序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 先行词是be的表语或 there be的主语时 先行词有人又有物时 当主句是以who或 which开头的特殊疑问句时 | |
不能用that的情况
| 介词前置时 非限定性定语从句中(只用 which引导) | ||
关系代词的用法
| 作主语 | 作宾语 | 作定语 |
指人 | who/that | who/whom/that/省略 | whose |
指物 | which/that | which/that/省略 |
|
The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。
The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。
【注意】1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。
He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。
He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。
考点二、定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况
- 当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that”
Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么吗？
- 当先行词为all，any，much，many等词时，只能使用“that”
Tom told her mother all that had happened. 汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。
- 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. 这是我度过的最美好的时光。
- 当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
- 当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that”
This will be the last chance that he can get. 这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。
He is the only person that can help you out. 他是唯一能帮你的人。
- 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that”
They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。
- 当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that”
Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday? 哪本书是他昨天从图书馆借的？
考点三、关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when在句中作状语，表示时间。
He remembers the day when he joined the League. 他记得他入团那天。
This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。
2. where在句中作状语，表示地点。
This is the place where Lu Xun was born. 这就是鲁迅出生的地方。
This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。
3. why在句中作状语，表示原因。
This is the reason why he is late today. 这就是他今天迟到的原因。
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
【易错提醒】
1. 当先行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：
This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。（定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用which/that，而不用where）
2. 当position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导。如：
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。
3. 关系副词why指原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help? 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？
【易错提醒】
当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）
二、考点突破
1．—Why don’t you like fishing?
—Fishing is a hobby ________ needs much patience, but I’m not patient at all.
A．who B．which C．what
2．Jane is the one ________ is good at Chinese calligraphy (书法) in our class.
A．which B．who C．whom D．whose
3．The car ________ was stole in the park belongs to my fiend, Jim.
A．who B．which C．when
4．Each of us should remember the valuable experience ________ can help us in the future.
A．what B．which C．who D．/
5．—Anyone________ wants to pass the test should be careful.
—Yes, you are right.
A．which B．what C．who D．/
6．—Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth（《流浪地球》）?
—Yes. It’s the best one ________ I have ever seen.
A．that B．which C．what D．who
7．—Friends, we’ll graduate from middle school. We can’t forget all the wonderful moments ______we spent with our classmates.
—And also the time with our teachers ______ given us such a good memory.
A．which, that have B．that, who has C．that, which has
8．We teenagers should look up to the people ________ have made great achievements to our country, like Yuan Longping.
A．which B．whose C．who
9．She likes musicians _______ play classic music.
A．when B．where C．who D．why
10．In our class, Jane is the girl ________ is pretty good at calligraphy.
A．which B．who C．whom D．what
11．Chen Meng is a Chinese ping-pong player ________ won a gold medal at Tokyo Olympic Gaines.
A．what B．that C．whom
12．It’s not my cup of tea. I prefer music that I can ________.
A．dance B．dance to C．dance to it D．be danced to
13．—Why don’t you like fishing?
—Fishing is a hobby ________ needs much patience, but I’m not patient at all.
A．who B．that C．it D．what
14．The TV play is about a true story________ happened in Tianjin in 1908.
A．it B．what C．that D．when
15．I’m looking for the pen ________ I lost yesterday.
A．that B．who C．what D．this
16．Look at that girl ________ father is a doctor.
A．who B．whose C．which
17．I was looking for the book ________ I borrowed from the library yesterday.
A．where B．which C．what
18．We’ll never forget the heroes ________ bring people hope in difficult times.
A．which B．whom C．whose D．who
19．I don’t like ________ you speak to her.
A．the way B．the way in that C．the way which D．the way of which
20．—Which invention do you like best?
—WeChat. It is an invention _________ can help us communicate with others online freely.
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