备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练（北京专用）突破 13 宾语从句

一、考点总结

考点一、直接引语变间接引语

1.人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新

（1） “一随主”指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时，变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致。

She said “I like playing basketball”.

→She said that she liked playing basketball .

（2） “二随宾”指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时，变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致。

She asked Tom “Can I have a look at your picture”.

She asked Tom if she could have a look at his picture .

（3）“第三人称不更新”指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时,变间接宾语时人称保持不变.

She said to me “They want to help me”.

She told me that they wanted to help me .

2.指示代词，时间、地点状语的变化

考点二、宾语从句的考查

宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。

1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。

He is an honest boy. The teacher said.

→ The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.

2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。

Does he work hard? I wonder.

→ I wonder if/whether he works hard.

宾语从句的引导词

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

I don’t know why the train is late.

3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

宾语从句的时态

1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什么时态。

Can you tell me _________?  He is a doctor .

A.what is he      B.what he was      C.what he is      D.what was he 

2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。

He asked ____________.

A.what time it is             B.what time is it               C.what time it was       D.what time was it

He told me that he ______ for the sports meet.

A.is preparing      B.was preparing     C.will prepare      D.has prepared

【注意】：

（1）如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

Our teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.

（2）若主句为could you …..?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。

Could you tell me _______?

1. what he was doing     B.what was he doing    C.what he is doing       D.what is he doing

3.if /when 引导状语从句和宾语从句这两种从句。从句的时态的确定。

Can you guess if they___ to play football with us ? I think they will come if they ____free.

A. come , are  B. will come , will be  C. will come , are   D. come , will be

Can you tell me when he____here tomorrow ?   When he _____ here , please call me .

1. comes , comes  B. will come , will come   C. will come ,comes  D. comes, will come

考点三、宾语从句的简化

宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。下面介绍几种常见的简化宾语从句的用法。

方法一：改为“动词+不定式短语”。当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise, forget, plan等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。如：

We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him. 我们决定，我们会帮助他。

Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. 李明希望他会很快回来。

She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths. 她同意帮助我学数学。

方法二：改为“疑问词+不定式”。当主句谓语动词是ask, know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：

I don’t know what I should say.→I don’t know what to say. 我不知道要说什么。

She has forgotten how she can open the door.→ She has forgotten how to open the door. 他已忘记如何打开那扇门了。

【注意】当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station? 你能告诉我怎样去火车站吗？

方法三：改为“宾语+动名词形式/不定式/名词（作宾补）”。当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的动名词或不定式形式。如：

They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy. 他们发现这只箱子很重。

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 她发现钱包躺在地上。

方法四：改为“不定式（短语）”。动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。如：

It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win. 男孩们似乎要赢了。

方法五：改为“名词或名词短语”。如：I’ll take back what I said. → I’ll take back my words. 我将收回我的话。

Could you tell us how we can get to the museum? → Could you tell us the way to the museum? 你能告诉我如何去博物馆吗?

The boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. 那男孩不知道他在何时何地出生。

→The boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth. 男孩不知道他出生的时间和地方

方法六：改为“动名词形式”。动词remember, forget后的宾语从句是现在完成时态时，可把宾语从句改成动名词作宾语，如：I forget I have closed the window. → I forget closing the window. 我忘了我已经关过窗户了。

I remember that I have told her the truth. → I remember telling her the truth. 我记得我把真相告诉了她。

方法七：改为“过去分词或过去分词短语”。如：

The teacher found that the boy was very interested in maths. 老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。

→The teacher found the boy very interested in maths. 老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。

Soon they found that the ground was covered with thick snow. 他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。

→Soon they found the ground covered with thick snow. 他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。

二、考点突破

1．Peter asked me if ________ to Beijing to watch the game by plane.

A．could we go B．we could go C．can we go D．we can go

2．—Hi, Jack. Do you know __________? I want to thank him or her in person.

—No, it was just left on the front desk.

A．who sent my wallet back

B．where did they find my wallet

C．how much money was in my wallet

3．—Do you know ________?

—He came to China by plane.

A．how did Russian foreign minister visit China B．how Russian foreign minister visited China

C．where Russian foreign minister visited China D．where did Russian foreign minister visit Chin.

4．—I wonder ________.

—Someone who can make me a better person.

A．when you often meet your friends B．who you want to make friends with

C．how you make your friends happy D．where you spend weekends with

5．— The table tennis match is so exciting. The opposite team is really strong.

— Yes, but I never doubt ________ our team will win.

A．if B．that C．whether D．why

6．—Excuse me, I wonder ________ .

—Yes, and the nearest one is to the west of the mall.

A．what the bus station is B．when the bus station is open

C．how I can get to the bus station D．if there is a bus station near here

7．Word came that race driver Zhou Guanyu ________ the Afa Romeo team for the 2022 season.

A．would join B．has joined C．joins D．was joining

8．I didn’t know ________.

A．where he gets these ideas B．when was the new house finished

C．who had sent the flowers D．how difficult it will be to get tickets

9．—Did you know why ________?

—He was ill in hospital.

A．he doesn’t come to school B．he didn’t come to school C．he came to school

10．I wonder ________ as the ad has promised.

A．if does the air-cleaner work B．whether does the air-cleaner work

C．that the air-cleaner works D．whether the air-cleaner works

11．Mother’s birthday is coming. Can you tell me           .

A．what gift can I give her B．how I can give her a surprise

C．where will we have a big meal D．whether I planned a trip for her

12．—Excuse me, could you tell me ________ tomorrow?

—Well, it will start at 7:30.

A．when the meeting will start B．when will the meeting start

C．when did the meeting start D．when the meeting started

13．— Could you tell me ________ the “father of hybrid rice” ?

— Because he helped many countries grow more rice.

A．when was Yuan Longping called B．why is Yuan Longping called

C．when Yuan Longping was called D．why Yuan Longping is called

14．—Excuse me! Could you please tell me ________?

—It’s next to the tall red building, just 3 blocks away.

A．where the nearest coffee shop is B．when the nearest coffee shop opens

C．how can I get to the nearest coffee shop D．how long it takes to the nearest coffee shop

15．—Royce, do you know ________?             

—Perhaps he works as a stuntman.

A．what is the man B．what the man is

C．where does the man work D．where the man works

16．Kathy forgot ________ her student card. It took her half an hour to find it.

A．where she puts B．where she put C．where does she put D．where did she put

17．— I wonder ________ there is a bus that goes to Fun Times Park.

— Yes, there is. The No. 56 Bus will take you there.

A．that B．when C．whether D．how

18．―Do you know ________, Alfred?

—At 2:00 tomorrow afternoon.

A．when the end-of-term concert began B．when did the end-of-term concert begin

C．when the end-of-term concert will begin D．when will the end-of-term concert begin

19．— Ms Fu, would you tell me ______?

— OK! You should introduce the story and make some comments on it.

A．how can I write a film report B．how I can write a film report

C．what can I write a film report D．what I can write a film report

20．— I don’t think Lucy will come today, ________ she?

— ________, she won’t. She is ill and stays at home

A．won’t; No B．will; No C．won’t; Yes D．will; Yes

参考答案：

1．B

【解析】

句意：彼得问我我们是否可以坐飞机去北京看比赛。

考查宾语从句。此句是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除A和C选项。根据“asked”以及“主过从必过”可知，从句也用一般过去时，故选B。

2．A

【解析】

句意：——嗨，杰克。你知道是谁把我的钱包送回来的吗？我想亲自感谢他或她。——不知道，只是放在前台了。

考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除B；根据“I want to thank him or her in person.”可知，此处是问谁把我的钱包送回来的，用who引导的宾语从句，故选A。

3．B

【解析】

句意：——你知道俄罗斯外长是如何访问中国的吗？——他乘飞机来中国。

考查宾语从句。宾语从句语序需用陈述语序，A和D是疑问句语序，排除；宾语从中有地点“China”，不能用where引导此宾语从句，结合答句“He came to China by plane”可知询问俄罗斯外长访问中国的方式，用how引导宾语从句，语序是陈述语序，故选B。

4．B

【解析】

句意：——我想知道你想和谁交朋友。——一个能让我变得更好的人。

考查宾语从句。when you often meet your friends你经常什么时候见到你的朋友；who you want to make friends with你想和谁交朋友；how you make your friends happy你如何让你的朋友开心；where you spend weekends with你和谁一起过周末。根据答语“Someone who can make me a better person”可知，应用who引导宾语从句，故选B。

5．B

【解析】

句意：——乒乓球比赛真让人兴奋。对方的队伍真的很强大。——是的，但是我从不怀疑我们队会赢。

考查宾语从句。if如果；that无意义；whether是否；why为什么。根据“...our team will win.”可知此句用that引导，无意义，不作成分。故选B。

6．D

【解析】

句意：——对不起，我想知道这附近是否有汽车站。——是的，最近的一家在购物中心的西边。

考查宾语从句。根据Yes及and the nearest one is to the west of the mall.回答可知上文是if引导的宾语从句，此处是问“这附近是否有汽车站”，宾语从句用陈述语序，故选D。

7．A

【解析】

句意：有消息称，车手周冠宇将加入阿发罗密欧车队，参加2022赛季的比赛。

考查时态辨析。根据“came”可知主过从必过，结合从句中“for the 2022 season”可知从句用过去将来时，其结构为would do。故选A。

8．C

【解析】

句意：我不知道是谁送的花。

考查宾语从句。根据“I didn’t know”可知此句是宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语。排除B选项。主句“didn’t”是一般过去时，从句也要用过去的某种时态，排除A、D选项。故选C。

9．B

【解析】

句意：——你知道他为什么没来学校吗？——他生病住院了。

考查宾语从句。此句是宾语从句，遵循“主过从必过”，排除A选项。根据“He was ill in hospital”可知，询问为什么没来学校，故选B。

10．D

【解析】

句意：我想知道空气净化器工作起来是否如广告所承诺的那样。

考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，故排除A和B；wonder后面跟if或whether或特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，不能跟that引导的宾语从句，排除C，故选D。

11．B

【解析】

句意：妈妈的生日就要到了。你能告诉我怎么能给她一个惊喜吗？

考查宾语从句。根据宾语从句语序可知，要用陈述语序，因此选项A、C符合句意；再者根据“Mother’s birthday is coming.”可知，从句讲述的是未发生的事，因此选项D不符合句意。故选B。

12．A

【解析】

句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我明天什么时候开会吗？——好的，会议将在7：30开始。

考查宾语从句。根据题干及备选项可知 ，这里考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序，所以可排除B、C两项。再根据“tomorrow”和“will”可知，宾语从句应用一般将来时，所以排除D选。故选A。

13．D

【解析】

句意：——你能告诉我为什么袁隆平被称为“杂交水稻之父”吗？——因为他帮助许多国家种植了更多的水稻。

考查宾语从句。根据语境是宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AB；根据“Because he helped many countries grow more rice.”可知，此处是回答原因，用why引导宾语从句，排除C，故选D。

14．A

【解析】

句意：——打扰一下你能告诉我最近的咖啡店在哪里吗？——它紧挨着那座红色高楼，就在3个街区之外。

考查宾语从句。根据答语“It’s next to the tall red building, just 3 blocks away.”可知是具体的地址，故选A。

15．B

【解析】

句意：——Royce，你知道那个男士是做什么工作的吗？——或许他是一名特技演员。

考查宾语从句。根据“Perhaps he works as a stuntman.”可知问的是职业，所以引导词应选择what；宾语从句中需要使用陈述句的语序，答案A、C和D都是疑问句的语序。故选B。

16．B

【解析】

句意：凯西忘了她把学生证放在哪里了。她花了半个小时才找到它。

考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除CD；根据“forgot”可知，时态是一般过去时，故选B。

17．C

【解析】

句意：——我想知道有没有去欢乐时光公园的巴士。——是的，有。56路公共汽车将带你到那里。

考查宾语从句。根据“there is a bus that goes to Fun Times Park”及“Yes, there is”可知，想知道是否有去那的巴士，故选C。

18．C

【解析】

句意：——Alfred，你知道期末音乐会什么时候开始吗？——在明天下午2点钟。

考查宾语从句。此句是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除B和D选项。根据答语“At 2:00 tomorrow afternoon”可知，从句应用一般将来时will do的结构，故选C。

19．B

【解析】

句意：——傅女士，你能告诉我我怎样才能写一篇电影报道吗？——好的！你应该介绍这个故事，并对它作一些评论。

考查宾语从句，tell后跟双宾语，所以空处应是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除A或C。根据答语“You should introduce the story and make some comments on it.”可知，应是询问怎么写电影报道。故选B。

20．B

【解析】

句意：—— 我想露西今天不会来了，是吗？—— 对，她不会。她病了，呆在家里。

考查宾语从句的反意疑问句。根据“I don’t think”可知，反意疑问句看宾语从句部分；再者根据否定前移和“Lucy will come today”可知，第一空“will”符合句意；根据“she won’t”可知，“No”符合句意。故选B。