高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction优秀课后复习题

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking

课后训练一起提高

一、用适当的介词或副词填空

1.The company will test 　　　　　a new machine designed by him.

答案:out

2.He opened the door,seeing a young handsome man 　　　　　long hair. 

答案:with

3.The injured are being looked 　　　　　by some patient nurses now. 

答案:after

4.The rich man is so modest that he treats his neighbours 　　　　　dignity. 

答案:with

5.He was lucky to have got the position 　　　　　a big salary in this company.

答案:with

6.The old man promised to help me with my English 　　　　　a favour. 

答案:as

7.He decided to have a talk with the saleswoman who was rude 　　　　　his wife. 

答案:to

8.Hearing the noise,he looked up at the light suspended 　　　　　the ceiling. 

答案:from

二、用所给单词的适当形式填空

1.It is said that the new machine 　　　　　　　　　　(test) out in that factory at the moment. 

答案:is being tested

2.I was caught in the traffic jam.As a result,I failed to keep that 　　　　　　　　(appoint). 

答案:appointment

3.To be honest,I felt very 　　　　　　 (guilt) about breaking my promise. 

答案:guilty

4.She asked someone to repair the old lamp 　　　　　　　(suspend) from the roof. 

答案:suspended

5.The old man 　　　　　　　　 (dismiss) from the company. 

答案:was dismissed

6.As a matter of fact,he couldn’t believe the news 　　　　　　　(declare) by the court. 

答案:declared

7.The guide suggested that all the visitors 　　　　　　　　　　　　(find) shelters for the night by themselves. 

答案:(should) find

8.At that moment he didn’t know that the experience was 　　　　　　　　(change) his whole life. 

答案:to change

三、完成句子

1.这个男孩喜欢足球,而他的弟弟喜欢游泳。

The boy is fond of football,　　　　　　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　. 

答案:whereas his brother likes swimming

2.老人告诉我们以前房子附近那里有一棵古树。

The old man told us that there 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　before. 

答案:stood an old tree near the house

3.那个工程师坐在电脑旁,在思考怎样解决这个问题。

The engineer was sitting at the computer,　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 . 

答案:thinking about how to solve the problem

4.他昨天出了车祸,而这起车祸会改变他的未来。

He had a car accident yesterday and the accident 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案:was to change his future

5.即使我不喜欢他,我也会设法帮他走出困境的。

I will manage to help him out 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案:even though I don’t like him

四、阅读理解

A

Modern-day robots may not be as entertaining as R2-D2 or the robot from Lost in Space,but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons.

Robots make great explorers on planets,the moon,and other landing areas.Aside from the earth,just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore.The air on most other planets is not adequate for humans to breathe,making it necessary to wear a space suit and oxygen equipment.The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand.Plus there would be complications with radiation,weather,and a lack of gravity.Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions.

Robots are designed for collecting scientific data.Robots are also able to perform many tasks at one time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently.Important scientific projects from detecting minerals,analyzing ground samples,to finding water are all performed much quicker and more accurately by robots.

The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work.In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans,but also enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip.Moreover,robots have no problems working for hours on end.Robots never complain,they don’t require food or water,and they never need a bathroom break.

Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space.Perhaps the most famous and successful robots are Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars.They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars’ history.

1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A.The Development of Robots

B.The Discovery of Space Exploration

C.No Robots,No Space Exploration

D.Robots Are Used in Space Exploration

答案:D

解析:标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“...but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons.”并结合下文可知,本文主要介绍了机器人正用于太空探索,故D项正确。

2.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?

A.The use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans.

B.It is dangerous for humans to explore other surfaces in the solar system except the earth.

C.Both Spirit and Opportunity have found the evidence of water in Mars’ history.

D.Many different types of robots have explored the space successfully.

答案:A

解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work.”可知,用机器人进行太空探索比人类从事这项工作花费更少,故选A项。

3.The underlined word “withstand” in paragraph 2 most probably means “　　　”. 

A.remain　　　　　　　　　B.bear

C.defeat D.develop

答案:B

解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to...”可知,温度太高或太低,人类都无法忍受,可知画线词意为“忍受”,故B项正确。

4.What is the writer’s attitude in this passage?

A.Negative. B.Persuasive.

C.Subjective. D.Objective.

答案:D

解析:观点态度题。纵观全文可知,作者只是客观地介绍了机器人在太空探索中的应用,并没有带任何感情色彩,故D项正确。

B

In recent years,car manufacturers have been put under pressure to invent a vehicle that is both cheaper to run and better for the environment.

One of the first ideas that car manufacturers tried was to replace engines which run on fossil fuels with electric motors.Unfortunately,these vehicles had several disadvantages and they didn’t sell very well.The problems were that the batteries of these electric cars ran out very quickly and took a long time to recharge.

However,car manufacturers have improved the concept.This is where the hybrid car,which has both an electric motor and a traditional petrol engine,comes.The electric motor never needs to be recharged and it is much better for the planet than a traditional car.

In a hybrid car,the engine is controlled by a computer which determines whether the car runs on petrol,electricity,or both.When the car needs maximum power,for example,if it is accelerating or climbing a steep hill,it uses all of its resources(资源),but at steady speeds it runs only on petrol.When slowing down or breaking,the electric motor recharges its batteries.

Hybrid cars are better for the environment because they have a much smaller engine than a traditional car.Also,hybrid cars on the market are made using materials such as aluminum and carbon fiber,which makes them extremely light.Both of them mean that they use less petrol than normal cars,so they produce less pollution. 

Of course,hybrid cars aren’t perfect;they still run on fossil fuel and pollute the environment to a certain degree.However,they may be the first step along the road to cleaner,‘greener’ cars.Car manufacturers are already working on vehicles which run on hydrogen giving off harmless water vapor.It looks like we might be heading in the right direction.

5.What can we know about the vehicles which ran on electric motors?

A.They moved very fast.

B.They were unpopular.

C.Their engines were often replaced.

D.Their engines were expensive.

答案:B

解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately,these vehicles had several disadvantages and they didn’t sell very well.The problems were that the batteries of these electric cars ran out very quickly and took a long time to recharge.”可知这种电动汽车电池很快就耗尽了,而且需要很长时间才能充电,所以不受欢迎,卖得不好。故选B项。

6.How does the computer in a hybrid car function?

A.It keeps the car running steadily.

B.It directs the car to climb hills.

C.It decides where to power the car.

D.It controls how the car uses power.

答案:D

解析:细节推理题。根据第四段中的“In a hybrid car,the engine is controlled by a computer which determines whether the car runs on petrol,electricity,or both.”可知混合动力车的发动机是由电脑决定是使用汽油、电力还是两者兼用。故选D项。

7.What does the underlined part refer to in paragraph 5?

A.Car’s smaller engine and special materials.

B.Car’s electric motor and petrol engine.

C.The hybrid car and the hydrogen car.

D.Aluminum and carbon fiber.

答案:A

解析:词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“they have a much smaller engine than a traditional car”和“using materials such as aluminum and carbon fiber,which makes them extremely light”可知小型发动机和建造材料使混合动力车省油,所以Both of them指的是这两者,故选A项。

8.What’s the best title for the text?

A.Cars’ engines. 

B.Car pollution.

C.Green cars. 

D.Cars’ advantages.

答案:C

解析:主旨大意题。文章介绍了一种由电脑操作燃料,经济环保的混合动力汽车,C项“绿色环保车”,概括了其主要优点,适合作为本文标题。

五、七选五阅读理解

Is it amazing to note that the Internet is still such a new device,and yet it is one of the fastest and most powerful media tools.　1　 On the Internet,a big online company can be run by only two guys in their garage.So it is reasonable that people shopping online would be a little doubtful about the security levels. 

　2　 They work hard to make people feel safe when shopping online. 

Credit card companies,too,quickly see the potential for online shopping.　3　 If you ever have a problem with your online credit purchases,many credit card companies will happily refund(退款) your money and then set their claws on the company that wronged you.Now that’s the buying power! 

　4　 No lining up,for one.No annoying mall shopping carts with broken wheels and kids crying because their parents won’t get them what they want. 

When shopping online,consumers can sit down,have a cup of coffee,and wear their slippers,not having to worry about their hair or parking,and just clicking through sale after sale.Comparison shopping couldn’t be any easier.And express companies contribute to it a lot.　5　 No wonder so many companies are shaking their heads at traditional advertising and instead looking to the virtual world to attract online shoppers. 

A.Internet giants know consumer confidence is the key to getting virtual shopping off the ground.

B.There are other advantages for online shoppers,of course.

C.Shopping online has become part of our lives.

D.You never need to wait longer than a day or two to get those purchases delivered right to your door.

E.But think about it for a moment.

F.Consumers can even benefit a lot from shopping online.

G.They have installed things like online shopping insurance for people.

答案:1~5 EAGBD

六、完形填空

No one is born a winner.People make themselves into winners by their own 　1　. 

I learned this lesson from a(n) 　2　 many years ago.I took the head coaching job at a school in Baxley,Georgia.It was a small school with a weak football program. 

It was a tradition for the school’s old team to play against the 　3　 team at the end of spring practice.The old team had no coach,and they didn’t even practice to prepare for the game.Being the coach of the new team,I was excited because I knew we were going to win,but to my disappointment we were defeated.I couldn’t 　4　 I had got into such a situation.Thinking hard about it,I came to 　5　 that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia,but they were depending on me.I had to change my 　6　 about their ability and potential. 

I started doing anything I could to help them build a little 　7　.Most important,I began to treat them like winners.That summer,when the other teams enjoyed their 　8　,we met every day and 　9　 passing and kicking the football. 

Six months after suffering our 　10　 on the spring practice field,we won our first game and our second,and continued to 　11　.Finally,we faced the number one team in the state.I felt that it would be a 　12　 for us even if we lost the game.But that wasn’t what happened.My boys beat the best team in Georgia,giving me one of the greatest 　13　 of my life! 

From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can 　14　 the members of a team.Instead of seeing my boys as losers,I pushed and 　15　 them.I helped them to see themselves differently,and they built themselves into winners. 

Winners are made,not born.

1.A.luck B.tests

C.efforts D.nature

答案:C

解析:上一句提到,没有人天生就是赢家,故本句表达“人们通过自己的努力让自己成为赢家”。luck“运气”;test“考试,测验”;effort“努力”;nature“自然界,本能”。故选C项。

2.A.experiment B.experience

C.visit D.show

答案:B

解析:作者下文讲述了自己的一次经历,故本句句意为“我从多年前的一次经历中明白了这个道理”。experiment“实验”;experience“经历,经验”;visit“参观,拜访”;show“展示,展览”。故选B项。

3.A.successful B.excellent

C.strong D.new

答案:D

解析:句意:春季训练结束时,一支老球队与一支新成立的球队对抗是这所学校的传统。根据第三句中的“Being the coach of the new team,...”可知本题的答案为new。故选D项。

4.A.believe B.agree

C.describe D.regret

答案:A

解析:句意:我不能相信我会处于这样的境地。believe“相信”;agree“同意”;describe“描述”;regret“后悔,遗憾”。上一句提到,对方球队没有教练,也没有为比赛做准备,这种情况下,“我”们被击败了,所以“我”不敢相信这一情况。故选A项。

5.A.realise B.claim

C.permit D.demand

答案:A

解析:句意:仔细考虑后,我逐渐意识到我的球队可能不是佐治亚州最好的球队……realise“意识到”;claim“声称”;permit“允许”;demand“要求,请求”。根据句中的“Thinking hard about it”可知,“我”逐渐意识到了。故选A项。

6.A.decision B.attitude

C.conclusion D.intention

答案:B

解析:句意:我不得不改变我对他们的能力和潜力的看法。decision“决定”;attitude“看法”;conclusion“结论”;intention“意图,打算”。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“the attitude of the leader”可知,作者对队员们的能力和潜力的看法发生了转变。故选B项。

7.A.pride B.culture

C.fortune D.relationship

答案:A

解析:句意:我开始尽我所能来帮助他们增强自豪感。pride“自尊,自豪”;culture“文化”;fortune“运气”;relationship“关系”。由上一段可知,“我”训练的球队被一支没有教练、没有准备的球队击败,故队员们的自尊心受到重创。故选A项。

8.A.rewards B.vacations

C.health D.honour

答案:B

解析:句意:那个夏天,当其他球队在享受假期时,我们每天都集合……reward“奖赏”;vacation“假期”;health“健康”;honour“荣誉”。此处用来表达“我”的球队的付出。故选B项。

9.A.risked B.missed

C.considered D.practiced

答案:D

解析:句意:……我们每天集合,训练传球和踢球。risk“冒险”;miss“错过,思念”;consider“考虑,认为”;practice“训练”。故选D项。

10.A.defeat B.decline

C.accident D.mistake

答案:A

解析:句意:在我们遭受失败的六个月后,我们赢得了第一场和第二场比赛……defeat“失败”;decline“下降,衰退”;accident“事故”;mistake“错误”。第二段提到在“我”们和老球队的比赛中“我”们失败了。故选A项。

11.A.relax B.improve

C.expand D.defend

答案:B

解析:句意:……我们不断提高。relax“放松”;improve“提高”;expand“扩张,扩展”;defend“防御”。上文提到“我”们艰苦训练,下一句讲述“我”们要与佐治亚州最棒的球队对抗。故选B项。

12.A.shame B.burden

C.victory D.favour

答案:C

解析:句意:最终,我们要面对佐治亚州最棒的球队,即使失败了,对我们来说也是胜利。shame“羞愧,羞耻”;burden“负担”;victory“胜利”;favour“恩惠,帮助”。故选C项。

13.A.chances B.thrills

C.concerns D.offers

答案:B

解析:句意:我的队员们击败了佐治亚州最棒的球队,成为我一生中最兴奋的经历之一。chance“机会”;thrill“兴奋,震颤,令人兴奋的经历”;concern“关心,担心”;offer“提供(的东西),出价”。故选B项。

14.A.surprise B.serve

C.interest D.affect

答案:D

解析:句意:从这次经历中,我明白了领导者的态度会影响球队的队员。surprise“使惊讶”;serve“服务”;interest“使感兴趣”;affect“影响”。上一段讲述了“我”对队员们态度的变化带来了球队的胜利。故选D项。

15.A.encouraged B.observed

C.protected D.impressed

答案:A

解析:句意:不是把他们作为失败者来对待,我督促和鼓励他们。encourage“鼓励”;observe“观察”;protect“保护”;impress“给……以深刻的印象”。故选A项。