陕西省咸阳市兴平市2022-2023学年八年级上学期阶段性自测数学试题(含答案)
展开这是一份陕西省咸阳市兴平市2022-2023学年八年级上学期阶段性自测数学试题(含答案),共11页。试卷主要包含了本试卷共8页,满分120分;,估计的值在,化简等内容,欢迎下载使用。
绝密★启用前
2022—2023学年度第一学期阶段性自测题
八年级数学(北师大版)
老师真诚地提醒你:
1.本试卷共8页,满分120分;
2.答卷前请将密封线内的项目填写清楚;
3.书写要认真、工整、规范;卷面干净、整洁、美观.
第一部分(选择题 共24分)
一、选择题(共8小题,每小题3分,计24分.每小题只有一个选项是符合题意的,请将正确答案的序号填在题前的答题栏中)
1.计算:( )
A. B.8 C. D.4
2.一辆汽车以每时60千米的速度匀速行驶,行驶的路程随时间的变化而变化,在这辆汽车行驶过程中,因变量是( )
A.路程 B.速度 C.时间 D.汽车的质量
3.下列各组长度的线段,可以作为直角三角形三条边的是( )
A.1cm、3cm和4cm B.9cm、12cm和15cm
C.6cm、8cm和9cm D.4cm、6cm和cm
4.在平面直角坐标中,点与点关于x轴对称,则点所在的象限是( )
A.第一象限 B.第二象限 C.第三象限 D.第四象限
5.估计的值在( )
A.2和3之间 B.3和4之间 C.4和5之间 D.5和6之间
6.一次函数和正比例函数在同一直角坐标系中的图象可能是( )
A. B. C. D.
7.如图,所有阴影部分的四边形都是正方形,所有三角形都是直角三角形,若正方形A,B,C的面积依次为4,8,6,则正方形D的面积为( )
A.10 B.12 C.16 D.18
8.如图,是直角三角形,点C在数轴上对应的数为,目,,若以点C为圆心,为半径画弧交数轴于点M,则A,M两点间的距离为( )
A.0.4 B. C. D.
第二部分(非选择题 共96分)
二、填空题(共5小题,每小题3分,计15分)
9.化简:________.
10.在平面直角坐标系中,将点先向左平移2个单位长度,再向上平移4个单位长度,得到点B,则点B的坐标为________.
11.根据下表中的数据写出y与x之间的一个关系式________.
x | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
y | 1 | 0 |
12.现定义一个新运算“※”,规定对于任意实数x,y,都有,则的值为________.
13.如图,点D在内,,,,,则图中阴影部分的面积为________.
三、解答题(共13小题,计81分,解答应写出过程)
14.(本题满分5分)
计算:.
15.(本题满分5分)
陕西某旅游景点的门票收费标准是:每人30元.某公司计划组织员工去该景点旅游,写出总门票费y(元)与人数x(人)之间关系式,并判断y是x的正比例函数吗?
16.(本题满分5分)
李叔叔将8个正方体魔方,放入到一个容积为512的正方体纸箱中,恰好填满.求这个魔方的棱长.
17.(本题满分5分)
已知平面直角坐标系内有一点,根据下列条件分别求出相应的点M的坐标.
(1)点M到x轴的距离为3;
(2)点N的坐标为,且直线轴.
18.(本题满分5分)
如图,将直线向上平移2个单位,得到一个一次函数的图象,求这个一次函数的表达式.
19.(本题满分5分)
如图,正方形网格中的每个小方格边长均为1,的顶点在格点上,判断的形状,并说明理由.
20.(本题满分5分)
在下面的平面直角坐标系中画出一次函数的图象,并判断点是否在该函数的图象上.
21.(本题满分6分)
为了更好的开展古树名木的系统保护工作,某公园对园内的6棵百年古树都利用坐标确定了位置,并且定期巡视.
(1)在如图所示的正方形网格中建立平面直角坐标系,使得古树A,B的位置分别表示为,;
(2)在(1)建立的平面直角坐标系中,
①表示古树C的位置的坐标为________;
②标出古树,,的位置.
22.(本题满分7分)
已知的算术平方根是2,的立方根是3,c是的整数部分,求的平方根.
23.(本题满分7分)
如图,一根直立的旗杆高8m,因刮大风旗杆从点C处折断,顶部B着地且离旗杆底部A的距离为4m.
(1)求旗杆距地面多高处折断();
(2)工人在修复的过程中,发现在折断点C的下方1m的点D处,有一条明显裂痕,将旗杆修复后,若下次大风将旗杆从点D处吹断,则距离旗杆底部周围多大范围内有被砸伤的风险?
24.(本题满分8分)
某桶装水销售部每天的房租、人员工资等固定成本为200元,每桶水的进价是5元,现在每桶水的销售价格为8元,如果用x(单位:桶)表示每天的销售数量,用y(元)表示每天的利润.(利润=总销售额-固定成本-售出水的成本)
(1)试写出y与x的函数关系式;
(2)如果某天的销售数量是260桶,那么这天的利润是多少元?
(3)若某天的利润是730元,那么这天销售了多少桶水?
25.(本题满分8分)
先观察下列的计算,再完成练习.
(1);
(2);
(3).
请你分析、归纳上面的解题方式,解决如下问题:
(1)化简:;
(2)已知n是正整数,求的值:
(3)计算:.
26.(本题满分10分)
如图,直线经过原点O,点A在x轴上,于点D,于点F,已知点,,,,求的长度.
绝密★启用前
2022—2023学年度第一学期阶段性自测题
八年级数学参考答案及评分标准(北师大版)
一、选择题(共8小题,每小题3分,计24分)
题号 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
答案 | D | A | B | C | B | A | D | C |
二、填空题(共5小题,每小题3分,计15分)
9. 10. 11. 12.8 13.
三、解答题(共13小题,计81分.解答应写出过程)
14.(本题满分5分)
解:原式···············································································2分
······················································································4分
.····················································································5分
15.(本题满分5分)
解:总门票费y(元)与人数x(人)之间关系式为:;············································3分
y是x的正比例函数.······································································5分
16.(本题满分5分)
解:1个魔方的体积为:.··································································2分
这个魔方的棱长为(cm).
答:这个魔方的棱长为4cm.································································5分
17.(本题满分5分)
解:(1)因为点M到x轴的距离为3,
所以或,
解得或.···············································································1分
当时,点M坐标为,
当时,点M坐标为,
所以满足条件的点M坐标为或;······························································3分
(2)因为直线轴,
所以,
解得,·················································································4分
所以点M坐标为.········································································5分
18.(本题满分5分)
解:因为直线经过原点和点,
所以设直线的表达式为,
将点代入中,得
,
解得,·················································································2分
所以直线的表达式为.····································································3分
所以将直线向上平移2个单位得到的一次函数的表达式为.·········································5分
19.(本题满分5分)
解:是直角三角形.······································································1分
理由:由勾股定理,得;···································································2分
;····················································································3分
.····················································································4分
因为,,,
所以,
所以是直角三角形.······································································5分
20.(本题满分5分)
解:当时,;
当时,,
所以该图象经过点和点.
一次函数在平面直角坐标系中的图象如图.
······················································································3分
当时,.
所以点不在该函数图象上.·································································5分
21.(本题满分6分)
解:(1)建立的平面直角坐标系如图;·······················································2分
(2)①;··············································································3分
②古树D,E,F的位置如图.·······························································6分
22.(本题满分7分)
解:因为的算术平方根是2,的立方根是3,
所以,,
解得,.···············································································2分
因为,
所以,
所以的整数部分是3,
所以,·················································································4分
所以,
.
所以的平方根是.········································································7分
23.(本题满分7分)
解:(1)由题意,知.
因为,
设长为,则长,
则,··················································································2分
解得.
故旗杆距地面3米处折断;··································································3分
(2)如图.
因为点D距地面,········································································4分
所以,·················································································5分
所以,
所以距离旗杆底部周围米的范围内有被砸伤的风险.··············································7分
24.(本题满分8分)
解:(1)y与x的函数关系式为:;···························································3分
(2)当时,(元),
答:那么这天的利润是580元;······························································5分
(3),
解得.
答:那么这天销售了310桶水.······························································8分
25.(本题满分8分)
解:(1)原式;·········································································2分
(2);················································································5分
(3)原式··············································································7分
.····················································································8分
26.(本题满分10分)
解:如图,过点C作轴于点G,
因为点,,,
所以,,,·············································································1分
所以.·················································································3分
由题意,得,.··········································································5分
因为,所以是直角三角形,
所以.·················································································6分
因为,
所以,
所以,·················································································8分
所以,
解得,
所以长.···············································································10分
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