高中英语专题 Unit 4 Natural disasters 词汇短语
展开Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing Ⅰ.核心单词根据音标及词义写出正确的单词1．____/sə'plaɪ/n.[pl.]补给品；供应(量)；补给vt.供应；供给2．_____/tæp/vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲3．____/paɪp/n.管子；管道4．____/'wɪsl/vi.吹口哨；发出笛声vt.吹口哨；n.哨子(声)；呼啸声5．____/i'mɜːdʒənsi/n.突发事件；紧急情况6．____/kɑːm/adj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静7．____/eɪd/n.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助8．____/kræʃ/vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击n．撞车；碰撞9．____/swiːp/vt.& vi.(swept, swept)打扫；清扫10．____/weɪv/n.海浪；波浪vi.& vt.挥手；招手11．____/straɪk/vi.& vt.(struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打n．罢工；罢课；袭击12．____/dɪ'lɪvə(r)/vt.& vi.递送；传达vt.发表13._____/'sʌməri/n.总结；概括；概要 Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据音标及词义写出正确的单词，并牢记拓展词汇1．____ (vi.)(指火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption (n.)火山爆发；(战争等)爆发2．____ n．能力；力量；权力→powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的3．____/ɪ'fekt/n.影响；结果；效果→effective adj.有效果的4．____/leθ/n.长；长度→long adj.长的 Ⅲ.重点短语根据汉语意思补全短语1．____ the open air 露天；在户外2．____ hand 现有(尤指帮助)3．_____away 消灭；彻底消除4．____ up 搭建，举起，张贴5．stay_____ 保持冷静6．in ____ 处境危险7．first of____ 首先8．as many____ 多达 Ⅳ.重点句型1．v.ing结构作结果状语The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, ______________________ in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia at least four other countries.最强大的地震在过去的40年里引起了海啸，昨天亚洲海岸线被毁，造成印尼、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家6 500多人死亡。2．be doing sth. when...正在做某事……这时……I _____________________ with three children ___ water started filling my home.我正在和三个孩子一起吃早餐这时家里开始充满了水。3．make it＋adj.＋to do sth.中it为形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will_____________________.然而，危险的条件和受损的道路将使运送食物和物资变得困难。 Read the text on page 54 and then choose the best answer.1．What's the main idea of the passage ?A．Something about the most powerful tsunami in Asia.B．The cause of the most powerful tsunami in Asia.C．The loss of the most powerful tsunami in Asia.D．How to rescue ourselves in times of disaster.2．What caused the tsunami? A．Hurricane B．TyphoonC．Flood D．Earthquake3．What is a magnitude of the earthquake that happened on December 27, 2004?A．7.0 B．9.0C．7.5 D．64．Why was food and supplies hard to deliver?A．Because there were not enough food and supplies.B．Because rescue teams dared not go.C．Because conditions were hard and roads were destroyed.D．Because governments didn't organize rescue teams. ►第一板块|核心词汇诠释1．supply n．[pl.]补给品；供应(量)；补给 vt.供应；供给(教材P52)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。(1)school/medical supplies 学校用品/医疗用品(2)supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物supply sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物①The water supply has been cut off because the workers are repairing the main pipes.因工人们在修主要管道水资源供应被切断。②The Internet supplies a lot of information to us every day.因特网每天给我们提供很多信息。[即学即练] 一句多译没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。 (1)There is no need to worry. We can _____________________whatever you need. (2)There is no need to worry. We _____________________ whatever you need to you.(3)There is no need to worry. We______________________ whatever you need for you.发散思维：“给某人提供某物”表达种种：provide sth. for sb.provide sb. with sth.supply sth. to sb. supply sb. with sth.2. power n．能力；力量；权力(经典例句)As is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。(1)have the power to do sth. 具有做某事的能力come to power 上台；执政(动作)be in power 执政；掌权(状态)beyond one's power 力所不能及的(2)powerful adj. 强有力的①There was a time when the girl lost the power of speech.曾经有一段时间，这个女孩不能说话。②It is reported that the new president will settle a lot of problems the moment he comes to power.据报道，新总统一上台就要解决很多问题。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句写作(1)It has been two years since he came ____power.(2)I'm very sorry; it is ____my power to finish such a difficult task.(3)I do believe that encouragement is so ____(power) that it can change a person.(4)据我所知，这个政党执政两年了。①As far as I know, it is two years since the party ____②As far as I know, the party ____ for two years. 发散思维：加词缀ful名词变形容词荟萃：(1)power→ powerful adj.强大的；有力的(2)use→ useful adj.有用的；有益的(3) wonder →wonderful adj. 精彩的(4)help→helpful adj.有帮助的 3.calm vt.&vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定 adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的(经典佳句)It is of great importance to keep calm when a fire breaks out.当火灾发生时保持冷静很重要。(1)calm down 平静下来calm sb. down 使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来(2)keep calm 保持镇静①Calm down! There is nothing to worry about.镇静下来！没有什么可担心的。②Calm yourself down；there is no need to feel upset about it. 让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事心烦。[即学即练] 单句写作It is important_________ in face of danger.在面临危险时，保持镇静是重要的。 图形助记：意境巧记“安静”四兄弟4.aid n. & vt.帮助；援助；资助(经典佳句)I couldn't speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go.我不会说法语，但是一位好心的男士来帮助我并告诉我怎么走。(1)give first aid to sb. 对某人急救with the aid of 在……的帮助下(2)aid sb.in (doing) sth. 帮助某人做某事aid sb.with sth. 以某事/物帮助某人aid sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 ①With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to perform first aid.在老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。②I'd be very grateful if you can aid me with my English.如果你能帮助我学习英语我将不胜感激。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空(1)Neighbours aided him ____ money when he almost lost everything in the fire.(2)He is so kind a boy that he often aided his mother ____(clean) the house.发散思维：with the aid of 的同义词：with the help of5.wave n．波浪，波涛；挥手 v．波动；起伏；挥手(教材P54)Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被9级地震引起的巨浪卷走了。①She refused my suggestion with a wave of her hand.她摆摆手拒绝了我的建议。②He waved to/at us as the bus drove off.→He gave us a wave as the bus drove off.公共汽车开走时，他向我们挥了挥手。[即学即练] 单句语法填空(1)The policeman waved the driver ____ (stop)．(2)At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye ____ her daughter until the train was out of sight.图形助记： 6.strike vi.&vt.打； 撞击； 罢工； 突然想到；打动，迷住；(钟) 敲； 侵袭 n．罢工一词多义——写出下列句中strike的含义(1)The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake.打动，迷住(2)The clock struck twelve when I got home last night.钟(报时)(3)A terrible earthquake struck Japan, making 30,000 people or so lose their lives.侵袭(4)A good idea struck me when I was reading the newspaper.突然想到(1)be struck by... 被……打动 某人突然想起……(2) be/go on strike 举行罢工[即学即练] 单句写作我突然想到，我应该拜访我的老师。 _________________ I should pay a visit to my teacher.名师指津：(1) strike 过去式、过去分词分别为：struck; struck/stricken(2)“某人忽然想起”固定句式： It hit/struck sb. that… 7.deliver vt. 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)(经典佳句)I feel highly honoured to be invited to deliver a speech at the meeting. 被邀请在会议上演讲我感到莫大的荣幸。deliver sth.to 投递/运送某物给……deliver a speech 发表演说①It was very considerate of you to deliver milk to our door every morning.你考虑得非常周到，每天早上把牛奶送到我们家门口。②Hans was asked to deliver a speech on the graduation in Harvard University.汉斯被邀请在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲。[即学即练] 单句语法填空(1)The speech ____ (deliver) by the headmaster at the meeting yesterday left a deep impression on his students.(2)I wonder why you refused ____ (deliver) my letters to my home last week.图形助记： 8.effect n．结果；效力(经典佳句) When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking.在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道得并不多。(1)have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响come into effect 生效side effect 副作用(2)effective adj. 有效的； 有影响的①There is no doubt that reading books can have a good effect on the children.不可否认，阅读书籍会对儿童有良好的影响。②The measures taken by the local government will come into effect next month.当地政府采取的措施将于下月生效。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空(1)While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its ____ (effect) have been positive.(2)As we all know, smoking has a bad effect ____ our health.发散思维：不同的“影响”：affect vt.影响influence n. 影响effect n. 影响impact n. 影响 ►第二板块|重点句型解构1．句型公式： v．ing作结果状语(教材P54)The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.最强大的地震在过去的40年里引起了海啸，昨天亚洲海岸线被毁，造成印尼、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家6 500多人死亡。现在分词作结果状语常表示意料、情理之中的结果。不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。①Unfortunately his father died, leaving him a homeless boy.不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使他成为一个无家可归的孩子。②To begin with, a new stadium has been built up, becoming the most beautiful building in our school. 首先，一座新的体育馆被建立起来，成为我校最美的建筑物。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空(1)He hurried to the theatre, only ____ (find) that the tickets had been sold out.(2)He got up late in the morning, ____ (miss) the early bus., 名师指津：动词ing作结果状语，可转化为定语从句，如：(1)He is always late for class, making his teacher angry.(2)He is always late for class, which made his teacher angry.他总是上学迟到，这使老师很生气。2.句型公式： be doing...when... 正在做……，就在这时……(教材P54)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我正在和三个孩子一起吃早餐，这时家里开始充满了水。when在此处是并列连词，表示“正在那时，这时”，常用句型有：be doing...when... 正在做……，就在这时……be about to do... when... 正要做……，就在这时……had just done...when... 刚做过……这时……①We were having a meeting when someone broke in.当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。②We were about to set out when it began to rain.我们正要动身，这时开始下雨了。[即学即练] 单句语法填空(1)I had just gone to bed ____ the telephone rang.(2)I was about to give up ____my best friend encouraged me to go on.(3)I ____ (watch) TV when my little brother burst in.名师指津：牢记when的3种固定句型是解题的关键，when意味“正在这时”，而不是“当……时候”。 Ⅰ. 单词拼写1．It is very important to keep _____ (镇静的) when an earthquake breaks out.2．Global warming is having a great_ ____(影响)on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.3．They ____ (挥手) to us to stay where we were.4．You have the_ ____ (能力) to live it well.5．You are likely to sing or _____ (吹口哨) when you are happy.6．It was said that the ____ (台风)had caused a lot of damage. 7．In the city, the water ____ (管道) in some buildings cracked and burst.8．What I did was (to) turn off the ____(水龙头). 9．Several hours later, the little boy was rescued with the ____(帮助) of the police.10．I'm very glad that you can write me a ____ (概要) of this report.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．To help students deal with their mental problems, we will hold a lecture ____ (deliver) by a professor from the UK.2．What's more, it is another ____ (effect) way to deal with the problem.3．They felt it difficult ____ (finish) the work in such a short time.4．Today the number of people learning English in China ____ (increase) rapidly.5．A wonderful idea ____ (strike) me suddenly when I was walking on the street.6．The dustman ____ (sweep) up all the fallen leaves on this street yesterday.7．The ____ (long) of the article should be about 800 words.8．I _____ (have) a discussion with my friend about how to improve my English when my mother called me.9．It was reported that as ____ as 157 people died at the air crash.10．Several hours later, the little boy was rescued ____ the aid of the police.Ⅲ.选词填空go through； sweep away； in shock； in the open air； put up； on hand 1．They had to sleep ____ after the earthquake. 2．Always have your dictionary_ _____when you study. 3．I looked at my husband ____,_waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.4．We don't clean the house for a few days, because we don't want to ____ good luck.5．A week before Earth Day, posters were_ ____ around our school, calling on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.6．He must have ____ many difficulties before he succeeded.Ⅳ.单句写作1．我正要放弃的时候，我最好的朋友鼓励我继续。I _________________ my best friend encouraged me to go on.2．我突然想到我应该给妈妈买一条项链作为生日礼物。_________________I should buy a necklace for my mother as a birthday gift.3．我们发现在现代社会学习一门外语是很有必要的。We _________________ a foreign language in modern society. 课时作业 15阅读理解AAs I stuck in the mud (泥), with my bike on top of me, I wondered what had forced me to come here. Madagascar is not a good place for a cycling holiday: one of the world's poorest countries, only 11 percent of roadway is paved (铺). South of the town of Antalaha, where I started, the road was in worse condition.I appeared from a week in the wilderness and reached the start of the Route National 5 at Maroantsetra, but my dream of a smooth road and speed was suddenly destroyed by mud. The “worst road in the country” changed my bicycle into a burden (负担) for days. Finally, I_was_claimed_by_the_road. Tired. Alone.As I wiped (擦) the mud from my face and looked upwards, I was greeted by a Malagasy man. He helped me stand up and smiled playfully while he pointed to my bike, which sat next to his. I started again. But I fell again in the mud. Angrily, I told him to go on, but if he understood he showed no sign of it. His smile forced me back onto the bike. We continued like this for hours. But I fell less. Studying my quick guide, slowly I learned. As we passed through a village, a group of children saw me and shouted loudly. His only words were: “Their parents tell them while people steal and eat them. Funny, no？”I tried to ask why, but he had already set off. I tried to catch up; as I got closer, he took it as a challenge and sped up. We raced along the road. I rode a little faster and I was just behind, about to catch up with him. With a smile, he sped up and was away, leaving me breathless. 【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在非洲马达加斯加骑行遇到困难的时候，一位当地人激励自己继续骑行的故事。1．What was in the author's mind when he was in the mud?A．He considered his experience a special pleasure.B．He made up his mind to continue challenging himself.C．He tried to think out a new road for cycling in Antalaha.D．He regretted having the cycling holiday in Madagascar.2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?A．The author chose another road.B．The author decided to ask for help.C．The author lay on the road for a rest.D．The author had no confidence to ride on.3．How did the Malagasy man help the author?A．By showing him the right way.B．By wiping the mud from his bike.C．By riding in front of him all the way.D．By teaching him how to ride in the mud.4．What's the best title for the text?A．A lonely trip B．A bicycle raceC．A lesson in cycling D．A road in MadagascarBRaccoons are smaller relatives of bears. They are native to North America, but they can also be found in Asia and Europe. Raccoons live in wooded areas close to water, but they can be often found near urban areas. There are about 7 different species of raccoons. Pygmy raccoon is the only endangered species.Raccoons usually reach 40 to 70cm in length and weigh between 526kg. Raccoons that live in colder climates are larger and heavier. They have grayish fur, black masks around eyes and long tails covered with black and brown bands. Because of their tails, they are also called “ringtail”．Raccoons_are_omnivores. They like to eat insects, eggs, small mammals, fruit, berries, garbage, and so on. Raccoon's hands look like human's. They each have five fingers and are used to collect food, open shells, door or trash cans. Raccoons often place food in water before they start to eat it. They have highly sensitive sense of touch and water increases their sensitivity even more. By touching the food, they get better insight about things they will eat.They are easily adaptable (适应的) to various environments. They can live in hollow (中空的) trees equally happily like they can in useless cars. Raccoons live on their own and hunt at night. They don't hibernate (冬眠), but they spend the coldest days of winters in their holes.Mating (交配) season takes place from January to mid March. Two months later, female will give birth to 34 babies. Their tails don't have bands, and the mask around eyes is still missing. Mother is very protective and she will teach them how to survive and what to eat as they becomeready to leave the hole. Raccoons usually can live only 1.8 to 3.1 years in the wild, but they can live up to 20 years at a zoo.Raccoons can pass rabies, a kind of disease, to homeraised animals and people, which is very dangerous. What's more, their waste often has roundworms.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了与浣熊有关的一些知识。5．What do we learn about raccoons?A．They love living near water.B．They are at risk of dying out.C．They love getting close to humans.D．They only live in areas far from urban areas. 6．What does the author most probably mean by saying “Raccoons are omnivores”？A．They don't hibernate.B．They are very large animals.C．They are sensitive to foods' tastes.D．They feed on many different types of food.7．What are raccoons good at?A．Finding food in deep water.B．Using their feet to open food.C．Adapting to a new environment.D．Telling differences among smells.8．After reading the text, we can say that ________.A．raccoons like attacking humansB．people consider raccoons very lovelyC．raccoons and bears have a lot in commonD．it's better that humans keep away from raccoonsCAngus, Doris, Gabriel and Kamil are some of the 21 names that have been chosen to be given to storms in the UK in the 2016/17 season.The Met Office, the UK's national weather service, decided to give storms boys' and girls' names in 2015 in the same way as they did in America.The Met Office hopes that naming big storms will mean people are more aware (意识到) of them and how dangerous they can be. Derrick Ryall, from the Met Office, said, “We have seen how naming storms elsewhere in the world raises people's awareness of storms before they break.”In the past, the same UK storm could be given different names by different organisations. “We noticed that many organisations during the last couple of winters, when we have had bad storms, started giving names to them. Think back to the St Jude's Day storm in 2013, and the socalled Hurricane Bawbag in Scotland in 2011. But it led to confusion (混乱)，” a Met Office spokeswoman said.According to the Met Office, there is a name for each letter of the whole alphabet (字母表), except for Q，U，X，Y and Z. That is the same as the naming tradition used in America. And not all storms will be big enough to get names — only those expected to cause great damage.If there are more than 21 storms in a year, the Met Office will start again with another name beginning with “A”. However, according to Met Office spokeswoman Lindsay Mears, “It's unlikely we would get through the whole alphabet in one season. We had 14 storms in the very bad winter of 2013/14, and if the naming system had been in operation then we wouldn't have used the whole alphabet.”【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了英国为暴风雨命名的情况。9．Why are storms in the UK named?A．To increase public awareness of them.B．To remind people of their short stay.C．To follow what other countries did.D．To meet the needs of its people.10．Examples are given in Paragraph 4 to show ________.A．there're many storms to name in a yearB．organisations named storms differentlyC．some storms' names are similar to others'D．some storms' names are hard to understand11．What do we know about the names given to storms?A．Storms will be given names whatever their sizes.B．Serious storms will be given boy's names.C．21 letters will be used to begin the names.D．21 names will be given at most in a year.12．What can be learned from Lindsay Mears?A．There are not too many big storms yearly.B．Action will be taken to prevent storms.C．There are usually 14 storms in a year.D．The naming system will not change.
