2022秋新教材高中英语Unit3ConservationPeriod1TopicTalk课时作业北师大版选择性必修第一册

UNIT 3　Period One　Topic Talk

题组A　基础练

(建议用时：10分钟)

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．Now ________(塑料的) containers are strictly banned in our country.

2．The old bridge was totally ________(毁掉) in the heavy rain last week.

3．A lot of things, such as iron, glass and paper, can be ________(回收)．

4．This lecture is rather ________(有教育意义的) for all the teenagers.

5．There is a ________(威胁) that the weather will drop sharply in the coming few days.

6．Wildlife is not allowed to be ________(猎杀) in this mountain areas.

7．Can those ________(绝种的) animals return to the earth with the help of modern science?

8．There is a(an)________(紧急的) need for food and water in this flooded area.

9．These wild animals are under careful ________(保护)．

10．Please ________(转变) to CCTV­1.I’d like to watch news programme.

【答案】1.plastic　2.destroyed　3.recycled　4.informative

5．threat　6.hunted　7.extinct　8.urgent

9．conservation　10.switch

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．Did you attend the lecture ________ Professor Highfill last Friday morning?

2．They are having a meeting to discuss the ________(environment) problems.

3．Air pollution is the biggest threat ________ the environment in our city.

4．Measures should be taken as soon ________ possible to stop air pollution on its tracks.

5．The amount of dust in the air ________(be) getting smaller in our city these years.

6．Waste paper is ________(recycle) and it can be made into new paper.

7．Women play ________ important role in the construction of our great motherland.

8．Some wildlife is still ________(legal) hunted though it is against the law.

9．There are only ten days ________(leave) before we take the final examination.

10．Last week, the old Smiths were ________(threat) to hand out their money.

【答案】1.by　2.environmental　3.to　4.as　5.is

6．recyclable　7.an　8.illegally　9.left　10.threatened

Ⅲ.完成句子

1．________ ________ ________ ________ up with her classmates, the girl is working much harder than before.

为了赶上她的同学，这个女孩比以前努力多了。

【答案】In order to catch

2．You’ll have to practice your spoken English ________ ________ ________ ________.

你要尽可能多地练习口语。

【答案】as much as possible

3．Her brother ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ this company.

她哥哥在这家公司起着非常重要的作用。

【答案】plays an important role/part in

4．We’ll ________ ________ the big tree in front of our house because it is falling down.

我们要把家门前的那棵大树砍了，因为它快倒了。

【答案】cut down

5．Now ________ ________ ________ dust in the air is getting smaller and smaller.

现在空气中的灰尘数量越来越少了。

【答案】the amount of

题组B　提升练

(建议用时：30分钟)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A company in San Francisco, California, has found a way to turn used plastic bottles into women’s shoes.

Every day, millions of Americans drink water and other liquids from plastic bottles. More than 60 million of them are thrown away each day. Many of the plastic bottles end up in landfills or are burned with other waste products.

A San Francisco start­up company called Rothy’s, however, turns this plastic waste into environmentally friendly shoes. Roth Martin is the company’s co­founder. He explains how they turn plastic into soft material for women’s feet. They take the plastic, clean it, and break it down into small pieces. Then they press them through a device that makes soft fibers. Those fibers are then combined together. This is done by a 3D machine. It is designed to reduce waste while making the shoes. The knitted stuff and the inner part of the shoe are then attached to the shoe’s outer part, called the sole (鞋底). This outer sole is also made from environmentally friendly material: responsibly sourced no­carbon rubber.

Rothy’s shoes are sold online. They are flat shoes, with either a rounded or pointed toe. They come in different colors and designs. They cost either $125 or $145 per pair, depending on the design. After American actress Gwyneth Paltrow discovered them last year, the demand for the shoes grew. Martin says there is no shortage of material to fill that demand. “We’re not going to run out of water bottles any time soon. So we have a limitless supply of material, and I think that is a good sign for our future.” When the environmentally friendly shoes wear out, customers can return them at no cost to a company that uses the recycled materials to make other products.

For now, the shoes are only available to be shipped in the United States. However, the company says it will add international shipping in the near future.

1．How are used plastic bottles usually dealt with?

A．They are buried or burned.

B．They are used to make shoes.

C．They are changed into soft materials.

D．They are returned to factories for reuse.

2．What does the underlined word “knitted” in the third paragraph mean?

A．Attached.　　　　　　　 B．Fixed.

C．Combined. D．Repaired.

3．Which of the following directly helped to increase the sales of Rothy’s shoes?

A．The design and color.

B．The reasonable price.

C．The company’s advertisement.

D．The star power of Gwyneth Paltrow.

4．What is the purpose of the text?

A．To advertise a new kind of shoes.

B．To describe the process of making shoes.

C．To introduce a new way of recycling plastic waste.

D．To stress the importance of environmental protection.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种回收塑料垃圾的新方法。

1．A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Many of the plastic bottles end up in landfills or are burned with other waste products.”可知，废弃塑料瓶的处理方法是被埋葬或焚烧。故选A项。

2．C　词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Those fibers are then combined together(这些纤维结合在一起)．”“This is done by a 3D machine. It is designed to reduce waste while making the shoes(它的设计目的是在制造鞋子的同时减少浪费)．”“The knitted stuff and the inner part of the shoe are then attached to the shoe’s outer part, called the sole(这些knitted东西和鞋的内部被连接到鞋的外部，叫作鞋底)．”可推出画线词的意思是“结合的”。故选C项。

3．D　细节理解题。根据第四段中“After American actress Gwyneth Paltrow discovered them last year, the demand for the shoes grew(美国女演员Gwyneth Paltrow发现了这种鞋后，对这种鞋的需求增加了)．”可知，D项(The star power of Gwyneth Paltrow)直接帮助增加Rothy鞋子的销售。故选D项。

4．C　目的意图题。根据第一段“A company in San Francisco, California, has found a way to turn used plastic bottles into women’s shoes(加利福尼亚旧金山的一家公司发现了一种把用过的塑料瓶变成女鞋的方法)．”可知，本文是为了介绍一种回收塑料垃圾的新方法。故选C项。

Ⅱ.完形填空

In October 2015, Shah began picking up rubbish from the beach every Sunday morning. At first, it was just him and a neighbor, and then he began __1__ others to join in. Word spread and with help from social media, more volunteers got involved.

Shah hasn’t stopped since. He’s now spent 209 weekends __2__ this mission inspiring more than 200,000 __3__ to join him in what’s been called the world’s biggest beach cleanup. By October 2018, Versova Beach was __4__ clean and Shah’s cleanups expanded to another __5__ as well as a stretch of the Mithi River and other regions of India.

For Shah, the work has always been a personal journey, but it has earned __6__ attention. After he was honored as a “Champion of the Earth” by the United Nations in 2016, Bollywood celebrities and politicians __7__ his mission and joined in his cleanups.

Today, Shah is also working with coastal communities to __8__ plastic pollution at one of the sources. In areas lacking waste management systems，__9__ often end(s)up in streams and rivers that empty into the __10__. Shah and his volunteers __11__ and assist villagers in reducing, managing and recycling their plastic waste.

“This world __12__ too much. I think you must talk less and do action more，” he said. “Every citizen on this planet must be in for a long pull. I feel the __13__ to do something for my planet, so this will __14__ for life. If each one could start, this journey could become __15__. Can we do it together？”

1．A.asking B．ordering

C．warning D．forcing

2．A.compared to B．adapted to

C．related to D．devoted to

3．A.workers B．volunteers

C．journalists D．clerks

4．A.originally B．finally

C．suddenly D．theoretically

5．A.park B．bank

C．beach D．market

6．A.global B．local

C．national D．coastal

7．A.simplified B．changed

C．accepted D．finished

8．A.make B．discuss

C．throw D．handle

9．A.trees B．materials

C．rubbish D．tools

10．A.ocean B．factory

C．mountain D．forest

11．A.protect B．control

C．scold D．educate

12．A.talks B．complains

C．thinks D．argues

13．A.pity B．need

C．pain D．effect

14．A.come on B．get on

C．look on D．go on

15．A.great B．complex

C．complete D．difficult

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了“地球卫士”沙阿和他的海滩清理行动，他的事迹激励了无数人参与到这项环保运动中来。

1．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来他开始邀请其他人加入。空前一句说起初，只有沙阿和他的一个邻居在海滩上捡垃圾，空后一句又说更多的志愿者参与进来，因此后来沙阿开始邀请其他人加入到捡垃圾的活动中。故选A项。

2．D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：他已经花了209个周末致力于这项工作，激励了超过20万名志愿者加入到他的队伍中，这被称为世界上最大的海滩清理行动。A.compared to比作；B.adapted to适应于；C.related to涉及；D.devoted to致力于，献身于。空前一句说“沙阿从此就没有停止过”，因此他已经花了209个周末致力于这项工作。故选D项。

3．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.workers工人；B.volunteers志愿者；C.journalists记者；D.clerks办事员。根据上文中的“volunteers”可知，参与海滩清理行动的人都是志愿者。故选B项。

4．B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：到2018年10月，维索瓦海滩终于被清理干净，沙阿的清理范围扩大到另一个海滩以及米提河和印度其他地区。根据上文中的“In October 2015”及空前的“By October 2018”可知，此处说的是三年的清理工作取得的成果——维索瓦海滩终于被清理干净了。故选B项。

5．C　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。根据上文中的“the world’s biggest beach cleanup”可知，这项活动被称为世界上最大的海滩清理行动，因此清理完维索瓦海滩的垃圾后沙阿和他的小伙伴们又转向其他的海滩。故选C项。

6．A　考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文中的“the world’s biggest beach cleanup”可知，沙阿的清理行动被称为世界上最大的海滩清理行动，空后一句又说2016年他被联合国授予“地球卫士”称号，这说明沙阿的海滩清理行动赢得了全球的关注。故选A项。

7．C　考查动词词义辨析。根据空后的“and joined in his cleanups”可知，宝莱坞名流和政界人士也加入到海滩清理行动中，这说明他们接受(认可)沙阿的工作。故选C项。

8．D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，沙阿还与沿海社区合作，从源头上解决塑料污染问题。根据空后的“plastic pollution at one of the sources”可知，沙阿与沿海社区合作从源头上解决塑料污染问题。故选D项。

9．C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在缺乏废物管理系统的地区，垃圾经常被排放到小溪和河流中，而这些小溪和河流往往流入海洋。根据空前的“In areas lacking waste management systems”可知，这些地区缺乏废物管理系统，因此产生的垃圾会被排放到流入海洋的小溪和河流中。故选C项。

10．A　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。根据空前的“rubbish often ends up in streams and rivers that empty into”可知，垃圾经常被排放到小溪和河流中，而这些小溪和河流往往流入海洋。故选A项。

11．D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：沙阿和他的志愿者教育和帮助村民减少、管理和回收他们的塑料垃圾。根据空后的“and assist villagers in reducing, managing and recycling their plastic waste”可知，沙阿和他的志愿者教育和帮助村民减少、管理和回收他们的塑料垃圾。故选D项。

12．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个世界(的人们)往往说得太多了，我认为你应该少说空话，多做实事。根据空后的“talk less”可知，此处指“说得太多”。故选A项。

13．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得有必要为我们的地球做点什么，而且我会终身致力于这项工作。根据空后的“do something for my planet”可知，沙阿觉得他有必要为地球做点什么。故选B项。

14．D　考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.come on快点；B.get on上车；C.look on旁观，看待；D.go on继续。根据空后的“for life”可知，沙阿会终身致力于这项工作。故选D项。

15．A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果每个人都行动起来，这个旅程将会变得更美妙。根据空前的“If each one could start”可知，如果每个人都能参与进来，这个旅程将会变得更美好。故选A项。

Ⅲ.语法填空

In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 1.________ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.

BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2.________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 3.________(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4.________(consider) healthy.

The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 5.________ 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 6.________(be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7.________(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 8.________(sharp)．

This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9.________(live) in the countryside, including 10.________(low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标，主要是由于农村地区的体重指数(BMI)增加了，并分析了其中的原因。

1．and　考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知， “that people worldwide are getting heavier”和 “that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas”都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系。故填and。

2．that/which　考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中作主语。故填that/which。

3．person’s　考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。

4．is considered　考查被动语态。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语(a BMI)是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider之间是被动关系。故填is considered。

5．by　考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值(18.5－23.9)可知，increase by符合语境。故填by。

6．was　考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语(gain)是单数，时态是一般过去时。故填was。

7．studied　考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系。故填studied。

8．sharply　考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。

9．living　考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词 “may be”，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，作定语，用现在分词形式。故填living。

10．lower　考查形容词比较级。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式。故填lower。