北师大版选择性必修第一册Unit3CONSERVTIONSectionⅦWRITINGWORKSHOP&READINGCLUB学案
展开WRITING WORKSHOP & READING CLUB
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Factory farming involves① keeping farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs. According to an institute②， “74% of the world ’s poultry③， 43% of its beef and 68% of its eggs are produced in this way.”
本部分引出工厂化养殖话题。
The main argument for factory farming is that, apart from④ being a lot cheaper than traditional or organic farming, it provides more food for a world population that has already reached seven billion⑤， according to the United Nations. As factory farms do not use many workers, the costs are low and the production is high. Moreover, factoryfarmed animals suffer from fewer diseases than those living outside.
On the other hand, opponents⑥ of factory farming say that it is cruel⑦ to the animals. For instance⑧， many farm animals are kept in small spaces where they can hardly move. People who fight for animal rights claim⑨ that these animals suffer terrible stress. In addition to this, factory farming has a negative impact on the environment because it creates a lot of waste products, and uses a lot of chemicals⑩ to control insects and drugs⑪ to treat diseases (UK Farming Today, 2013)．
本部分陈述赞成和反对工厂化养殖的理由。
To sum⑫ up, despite producing cheap food, factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves. In my opinion, we should try to reduce this kind of farming, although we would have to pay more for our eggs and meat.
本部分说明个人对工厂化养殖的观点看法。
①involve vt. 包含，需要
②institute n. 机构；研究院
③poultry n. 家禽肉，家禽
④apart from 除……之外
⑤billion n. 十亿
⑥opponent n. 反对者；对手，敌手
⑦cruel adj. 残忍的
⑧instance n. 例子，实例
for instance 例如
⑨claim vt. 声称；断言；主张
n. 声称；(根据权力而提出的)要求
⑩chemical n. 化学品
adj. 化学的
⑪drug n. 药物，药材；毒品
⑫sum vt. 概括，总结
n. 金额，款项；总数
sum up 概括，总结
[参考译文]
工厂化养殖需要将农场动物饲养在建筑物内，以增加肉或蛋的产量。根据一家机构的研究，“世界上74%的家禽，43%的牛肉和68%的鸡蛋都是用这种方式生产的。”
支持工厂化养殖的主要理由是，除了比传统农业或有机农业便宜得多之外，它还为世界人口提供了更多的食物。根据联合国的数据，世界人口已经达到70亿。由于工厂化农场不需要很多工人，所以成本低，产量高。此外，工厂化养殖的动物比生活在室外的动物遭受的疾病更少。
另一方面，反对工厂化养殖的人说这对动物很残忍。例如，许多农场动物被关在它们几乎不能活动的狭小的空间里。为动物权利而战的人声称这些动物承受着可怕的压力。除此之外，工厂化养殖对环境也有负面影响，因为它产生了大量的废弃物，并使用大量的化学物质控制昆虫和药物来治疗疾病英国《今日农业》，2013年。
总之，尽管生产廉价的食物，工厂化养殖对地球和动物本身都是有害的。在我看来，我们应该尽量减少这种养殖，尽管我们将不得不为我们的鸡蛋和肉支付更多。
行文架构——高质量的写作模板
观点对比类作文
[写作技法]
观点对比类作文又称为正反观点类作文。主要是就社会上出现的某一个问题，首先进行客观的陈述，并说明当前正反两方面的看法，以及各自的理由；最后作者发表自己的观点。
(一)谋篇布局
本写作任务可以分成三个部分：
第一部分：开门见山，点明主题；
第二部分：陈述赞成和反对的理由；
第三部分：个人看法。
(二)写作模板
There is a discussion about/on .
Opinion are divided on the question,______________________agreed, for they believe that_____________________________. For one thing,__________________________. For another thing,_________________________.Furthermore/Besides，_________________________. However,_____________________disagreed with_________________________. They hold the view that_______________________. First of all,____________________________________ Moreover,_______________________. Most important of all,_____________________________.
In my opinion/As far as I am concerned， .
(三)增分佳句
1．The topic of the discussion is becoming more and more popular recently.
最近讨论的话题变得越来越流行。
2．There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite.
关于这件事有两种观点。有些人说A是他们的最爱。
3．They hold their view for the reason of ...
他们坚持他们的观点是因为……
4．While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.
而另一些人认为B是更好的选择，有以下三个原因。
5．From my point of view, I think ...
在我看来，我认为……
6．The reason is that ...
原因是……
7．As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice.
事实上，还有其他一些原因可以解释我的选择。对我来说，前者无疑是一个明智的选择。
8．Some people believe that ... For example, they think ... And it will bring them ...
有些人认为……例如，他们认为……它会带给他们……
9．In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.
在我看来，我从来没有认为这个原因是关键。
10．From all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ...
从我所说的一切来看，我同意……的想法
[五步成文]
现在很多青少年出国留学，有些人认为这种做法是有益的，也有些人认为这种做法不正确。请你以“Views on Teenagers Studying Abroad”为题，写一篇有关青少年出国留学的英语文章。
支持的人：
1．对孩子有好处；
2．独立的生活让他们学会自信和坚韧；
3．接受高质量的教育有利于未来找一份好工作。
反对的人：
1．过早的独立对孩子来说未必是好事；
2．很多国外的学校目的是挣钱，教育质量成问题。
你的观点。
第一步：审题很关键
1．确定体裁：议论文之观点对比；
2．确定人称：第三人称；
3．确定时态：一般现在时。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．study abroad 出国留学
2．do good to 对……有益
3．stand a chance of 有……的机会
4．not necessarily 不一定
5．aim at 旨在
6．worry about 担心
7．think second 思之再三
8．make the decision 做出决定
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．许多人，尤其是他们的父母，认为这肯定会对他们的孩子有好处。
Many people, especially their parents, think that it will certainly do good to their children.
2．独立的生活将使他们学会自信和坚韧。
The independent life will make them learn confidence and perseverance.
3．一方面，如果孩子不能从老师和父母那里得到适当的指导和照顾，早期的独立生活不一定是好的。
On the one hand, early independent life is not necessarily good, if the child can not receive proper guidance and care from both teachers and parents.
4．青少年出国留学可能会带来有利的结果。
Teenagers ’ studying abroad may bring favorable results.
5．仍然有很多事情需要担心。
There are still a lot to worry about.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用because连接句1和句2
Many people, especially their parents, think that it will certainly do good to their children because the independent life will make them learn confidence and perseverance.
2．用although连接句4和句5
Although teenagers ’ studying abroad may bring favorable results, there are still a lot to worry about.
第五步：过渡衔接连成篇
Views on Teenagers Studying Abroad
Recently, there are more and more teenagers in high schools or even elementary schools choose to study abroad.
Many people, especially their parents, think that it will certainly do good to their children because the independent life will make them learn confidence and perseverance. Moreover, the quality of overseas education is often higher, thus the child can stand a better chance of entering a better university and getting a better job in the future. However, many others disagree with it. On the one hand, early independent life is not necessarily good, if the child can not receive proper guidance and care from both teachers and parents. On the other hand, the educational quality is also a problem — too many foreign schools aim at earning money.
In my opinion, although teenagers ’ studying abroad may bring favorable results, there are still a lot to worry about. It seems necessary for the parents and the young students to think second before making the decision.
[学以致用]
最近，你班同学进行了一次关于中学生要不要参加社会实践的讨论，请你根据下表所提供的信息写一篇短文，客观地介绍情况并谈谈自己的观点和理由。
赞同的同学
1．有助于了解社会，获得经验；
2．有助于培养能力，学以致用。
反对的同学：
1．太年轻，不能很好地适应社会；
2．浪费时间、精力。
你的观点(理由)。
参考范文：
Recently our class has had a heated discussion about whether middle school students should do social practice.
Some students hold the view that middle school students should do social practice. They believe social practice can help them know more about society and give them much experience. By doing so, they can greatly develop their ability and put what they have learned in books into practice.
However, others think differently, believing that they are too young to fit in with the world. In addition, they say it ’s a waste of time and energy.
I think it is good for students to do social practice. As we spend most of the time studying in school, it is a very good chance to enrich our practical knowledge, which will in turn benefit our studies at school.
1．(教材p.62)Factory farming involves keeping farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs.
工厂化养殖需要将农场动物饲养在建筑物内，以增加肉或蛋的产量。
involve vt.包含，需要
Don ’t involve other people in your trouble.
别把别人牵扯到你的麻烦中去。
归纳拓展
(1)involve in 使参与，陷入或牵扯到
involve with 与(某人)有密切关系
(2)involvement n. 卷入；牵连；参与
(3)involved adj. 参与；作为一部分
get involved in 卷入；参与；涉及
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①To reach out for another is to risk involvement (involve)．
②There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I had a second chance to become more involved (involve)．
③How long has Grace been involved with that redhaired boy?
格雷斯与那个红头发的小伙子来往多久了？
④More women should get involved in decisionmaking.
应有更多的妇女参与决策。
2. (教材p.62)On the other hand, opponents of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals.
另一方面，反对工厂化养殖的人说这对动物很残忍。
cruel adj.残忍的
The death of their daughter was a cruel blow.
女儿的死对他们来说是一个残酷的打击。
归纳拓展
(1)be cruel to 对……残酷/残忍
It is cruel of sb to do sth
某人做某事太残忍
(2)cruelty n. 残酷；虐待；残酷的行为
(3)cruelly adv. 残酷地，残暴地
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①We shouldn ’t be cruel to animals.
②He was treated with cruelty (cruel)．
③His cruel remarks cut me deeply.
他那无情的话太伤我的心了。
④It was cruel of him to say that.
他说那话真是狠心。
3．(教材p.62)People who fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress.
为动物权利而战的人声称这些动物承受着可怕的压力。
claim vt.声称；断言；主张 n．声称；(根据权力而提出的)要求
He set up a claim to the throne.
他自称王位是属于他的。
归纳拓展
(1)claim against 要求……的赔偿
make a claim for 对……提出要求
(2)claim to do sth 认定做某事
claim to be doing sth 认定正在做某事
claim to have done sth 认定做了某事
claim that ... 认定……
It ’s claimed that ... 据说……
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①The scientist claimed to have invented (invent) a new kind of car.
②The victims in the accident made a claim for damages.
③It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.
据说有些医生每周工作80个小时。
④I don ’t claim to be an expert.
我不敢自称专家。
4．(教材p.62)To sum up, despite producing cheap food, factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves.
总之，尽管生产廉价的食物，工厂化养殖对地球和动物本身都是有害的。
sum vt.概括，总结 n．金额，款项；总数
The sum of 7 and 12 is 19.
7和12的和是19。
归纳拓展
(1)sum up 概括，总结
(2)a sum of 一笔
(3)表示“总结，概要”的短语还有：
in summary
in short
in brief
in conclusion
in a/one word
活学巧练
⊙补全句子
①So, in summary/in conclusion, we need to concentrate on staff training.
所以，总的来说，我们需要集中精力进行职工培训。
②Please sum up what you said just now.
请把你刚才说的总结一下。
③I had to spend a large sum of money to get it back.
我得花一大笔钱才能把它弄回来。
5．(教材p.65)Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area
九寨沟风景名胜区
scenic adj.景色优美的
There is a scenic route across the Alps.
有一条风景优美的路线穿越阿尔卑斯山。
归纳拓展
scene n． 现场；景色
on the scene 在现场；当场；在台上
behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中
appear/come on the scene 出场；登场
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①The scenic (scene) town is home to many people who make a living by both farming and working as tour guides.
②Reporters were soon on the scene after the accident.
事故发生后记者们很快就赶到了现场。
③Behind the scenes, both sides are working towards an agreement.
在幕后，双方都在努力达成协议。
1. (教材p.62)On the other hand, opponents of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals.
另一方面，反对工厂化养殖的人说这对动物很残忍。
[句式分析] on the one hand “一方面”，常用作插入语，表示转折、对比，常构成on (the) one hand ... on the other (hand) ...结构，表示 “一方面……另一方面……”。
On the one hand, we should develop our economy; on the other hand, we should protect the environment.
一方面，我们应该发展经济；另一方面，我们应该保护环境。
归纳拓展
on (the) one hand ... on the other (hand) ... | 意为“一方面……另一方面……”，常用来表述一个事物的两个方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等 |
for one thing ... for another (thing) ... | 意为“首先……，再者……”，陈述的两个方面的情况常常一致 |
活学巧练
⊙补全句子
①On the one hand, they ’d love to have kids; but on the other (hand), they don ’t want to give up their freedom.
一方面，他们想要孩子；但另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。
②I ’m not going to buy it; for one thing I don ’t like the color, and for another it ’s far too expensive.
我不会买它，首先我不喜欢这颜色，再者也太贵了。
⊙小话题写作
③一方面，我可以挣钱来减轻家庭的负担。另一方面，我可以积累社会经验，这对我将来的生活也有好处。
On the one hand, I can earn some money to reduce the burden of my family.On the other hand, I can accumulate some social experience, which does good to my future life.
2．(教材p.65)Up to 2019, there are 55 world heritage sites in China, which has the same number of sites as Italy.
截至2019年，中国共有55处世界遗产，数量与意大利相当。
[句式分析] 本句是一个主从复合句。句中which引导一个非限制性定语从句，定语从句中含有一个the same ... as ...的短语。名词前有the same修饰时，关系代词用as，不能用which。
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.
这个书包和我昨天丢失的相似。
归纳拓展
(1)the same ... as ... 用as表示同类事物
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
这支钢笔与我昨天丢的一模一样。
(2)the same ... that ... 用that表示同一事物
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.
这正是我昨天丢的那支钢笔。活学巧练
⊙补全句子
①I have the same book as he has.
我和他有同样的书。
②He is angry because my marks are the same as his.
他很生气，因为我和他的分数一样。
